CEFAPARQUES PROJECT: ICES CEPHALOPODS WORKING GROUP
Transcript of CEFAPARQUES PROJECT: ICES CEPHALOPODS WORKING GROUP
CEFAPARQUES Project
Identification and characterization of preferential habitats to cephalopods of commercial interest
New insights for a more suitable resource management
Participants
IIM (CSIC, Vigo) & IMEDEA (CSIC, Palma de Mallorca)
Ángel Guerra. Research coordinatorÁngel F. González Beatriz Morales - NínManuel E. Garci Miguel Cabanellas - ReboredoJorge Hernández - Urcera Matias Calvo-ManazzaAlex Chamorro Miquel Palmer
CEFAPARQUESParque Nacional de las
Islas Atlánticas de Galicia (PNIAG)
Parque Nacional de Cabrera (PNC)
Project duration: April 2012- November 2014 Results: April 2012 – April 2014
PNIAG
Octopus vulgaris spawning habitat
O. vulgaris juvenile / subadult habitat
O. vulgaris den ecology
Cannibalism in the wild
PNIAG: Spawning habitat and zone
PNIAG: spawning habitat and area
April 2012 – April 2014
• 73 grids of 33.2 Ha each
• 24 grids sampled
• 5-25 m depth
• 4 visual censuses (surveys) per month
• A total of 97 surveys
EST= Time of effective samplingDt= total immersion timeA= Time to get surfaceRt= recording time
EST = Dt - (A + Rt)
NSD = EST x ADS
PNIAG: visual censuses
NSD = net distance of samplingADS = diving estimated velocity
SAC = NSD x [HV x (Nd + 1 )]SAC= swept area HV= horizontal visibilityNd= nº divers
A new sampling method to estimate the swept area
PNIAG: spawning habitat and zoneTwo-three diversImages recorded (14 hours). Substrate composition
GPSCTD: Oceanographic parameters
GAMs: habitat characterization (season, depth, temperature, chlorophyll, substrate, predators, fishing impact … ) presence/absence of egg masses and spawning nests
PNIAG: spawning habitat and zone
The highest probability of occurrence of spawns and dens for females O. vulgaris nesting (spawning nests) were obtained in the north zone of the Cíes islands and during spring-summer season
Egg clusters: 24Female spawning nests : 54
Cíes Islands
Preferential spawning area and season
NorthSpring-Summer
PNIAG: spawning area
Recommendation: Total Protection inside the MPA (58 ha 5.8 % of total
marine Cíes realm) in that season
First step for O. vulgaris ecosystem approach to fishery management
PNIAG: spawning habitat and zone
Females behavior during reproduction: recorded and described
Aquí va el video de la hembra cuidando la puesta, no puedo enviarlo por email porque ocupa demasiado espacio
PNIAG: juveline-subadult habitatRodas inlet = Sand seabed30 ha, 5-21 m depth4 divers
3 visual surveys in June 2013 (O. vulgaris fishery season closed)1 survey in October 2013 (O. vulgaris fishery season open)
Recorded data:• Depth • Bottom temperature• Presence/absence in den• Octopus size • Bivalves in the midden• Den diameter
PNIAG: juvenile-subadult habitat
PNIAG: juvenile-subadult habitat
No statistical differences in occupation rate between both (closed or open) fishing seasons (VC1-VC2-VC3 and VC4)
VC: visual census number SA: swept area (m2)D: average depth (m) APD: area per den (m2)OD: occupied densARDO: average rate of occupancy (%)D/1000: mean number
VC DR DF ARDO DDA ± SD
1,2,35.0-10.0 27 92,6 19,4 ± 8,61
10.0-15.0 6 50 14,83 ± 6,24
5.0-10.0 9 100 17,44 ± 5,08
4 10.0-15.0 6 50 16,83 ± 5,81
15.0-21.0 5 40 17,6 ± 3,51
VC S A D APD OD ARDO D/1000
1 3330 11 302,73 10 90,91 3,302 2910 14 207,86 11 78,57 4,813 2350 8 293,75 7 87,50 3,404 5145 20 257,25 14 70 3,89
DR: depth range (m)DF: number of dens found ARDO: average rate of occupancy (%) DDA: den diameter average (cm)SD: standard deviation
Visuals surveys in Rodas inlet
Dens data in Rodas inlet
PNIAG: juvenile-subadult habitat
Prediction of a den occupied by an octopus: Decreased with z
Partial effect of depth in presence/absence of octopus in a den: Decreased with z
16 Kg octopus in the Park
PNIAG: juvenile-subadult habitat• Preferred habitat: SBT 15 – 16 ºC and
SBS ≈ 36.0• Depth 5-21 m, maybe related with:
⁻ prey presence, specially bivalves
⁻ Soft bottoms with bioclast
• Presence of double and triple dens in Rodas asocial? Further studies needed
This area should be also protected
1170 juveniles O. vulgaris in Rodas inlet between 5-21 m depth. (1.12% of the Cíes marine area)
• Den typology: A. Dug den in soft
sediment and reinforced with shells
B. Dug den under a rock
C. Empty shell or carapace
D. Human wastes
PNIAG: Dwellers in dens on sandy bottoms: Ecological and behavioral traits
of Octopus vulgaris
PNIAG: den ecologyShell collection: bivalves in the middens: old and none of then drilled. Main food : razors (Ensis arcuactus)
PNIAG: den ecology
- Deep holes reinforced with Pecten maximus
- Shells collected at the mouth of the hole
were old with algae, polichaetes and bryozoan incrustation
- Large and well build holes were occupied by small octopuses
- The middens were 3 times larger the hole size
Permanent dens
PNIAG: Cannibalistic behavior
Cannibalism has been observed and registered
three times within PNIAG
• Inter-cohort cannibalism• Both males and females are cannibal• Arms were the first part of the body
eaten• Other preys were abundant in the
surrenders• Predator was 20-25 % larger than prey
PNIAG: General conclusions for O. vulgaris
• The inner submarine area of the Cíes Islands is an Essential Fish Habitat for O. vulgaris.
• Two habitat and zones: one of breeding and spawning and other of growth will be proposed to the National Park authorities to be protected.
• Useful tool for resources management of commercial interest (ecosystem approach).
• Informative and educational documentary: Goods and services of a marine protected area.
http://www.cefaparques.tk/
PNIAG: Sepia officinalis
MES T D TfE F M A M J J A S O N D
P 4 9 5 7 1 5 31 10-15
11-14
E 4(2) 3(2) 4(2) 6(2) 8(2) 1(1) 12(2) 2(2) 3(2) 21(2) 4(2) 2(2) 1(3)
71
P= egg-layingE= individuals registered and size (1:<90 mm LM, 2: 91-180, 3: >180)D= deep (m)Tf = Bottom temperature (ºC)
PNIAG: Sepia officinalis
Surveys of S. officialis in the inner side of the Cies Islands . Total of 71, 58 % close Viños islet
Egg-laying Winter-spring time (in gorgonians and spirograph
PNIAG: Loligo vulgaris
Registered once
PNC National Park of Cabrera
Results only for Loligo vulgaris
No egg laying Sepia or OctopusPredator pressure (Epinephelus marginatus)
PNC Spawning areas
30 DACs Dispositives for egg layingRecovered one a month (june 2012 june 2013)
141 egg laying associated collected and counted
PNC Spawning areas
Zero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP)(Number of egg laying per DAC per month)Variables:• Habitat• Depth• SST• SSC• Presence/absence of Lepas
anatifera, currents…
Spatial distribution of egg masses Loligo vulgaris for DAC
Spawn all year, spring peak (may)
242 egg masses, 72,3 % in DAC in sand floors
15-50 m deep ( avoid surficial waters, above all sin summer)
PNC Spawning areas
All year spawning:• surficial waters in winter • deep waters in summer
spawning migrations
PNC Spawning areas
PNC Spawning areas
DAC: useful technique to characterize L. vulgaris habitatSpawning area depends on ocean bottom, deep, SST
Spawning peak maybe related with mesozooplankton availability
Migration for spawning
Management improvement: temporal - spatial closure of the fish area