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Transcript of CEC – Natural Gas Public Interest Research Program Large Industrial/Commercial Equipment Gas...
CEC – Natural Gas Public Interest Research Program
Large Industrial/Commercial Equipment
Gas Quality Stakeholders’ Technical Committee Meeting
Gas Company TowerLos Angeles, CAJanuary 10, 2006
Industrial / Commercial Burners
> Area with least interchangeability data
> GTI is conducting a survey with California focus for 11-member sponsor group of – Work is currently underway– Expected completion of Jan. 31, 2006– Data to be input into CEC project
> CEC Project planned for 2006– GTI – industrial burner interchangeability testing– LBNL – appliance air quality
Task 1 – Industrial Burners> Burners
– Classification– Applications– Physical types– manufacturers
> California industrial gas use by industry> California burner population> Burner performance variables> Burner test protocols> Current range of California gas> Established current California gas ranges> Anticipated LNG and off-spec gas
Upcoming CEC Project
> Expected start in March, 2006
> Stakeholders committee to monitor usefulness of project results
> Technical advisory committee relying on expertise to assist project team as project proceeds
> Activities– Selection of performance variables, test
protocols, burners with control systems– Testing in GTI laboratory furnaces– Modeling of burner sensitivity to fuel changes
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Industrial Burner Classification Criteria
Major Burner Control Methods
> On / Off Operation
> High / Low Operation
> Modulating or variable firing rate
Major Process Control Variables
> Furnace Temperature
> Load Temperature
> Load Temperature Uniformity
> Oxygen Trimming
> Moisture Content
> Time-temperature profile
> Time at setpoint temperature
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Thermal Radiation– Drying
– Plastic thermoforming
– Paint curing
> Radiant Tube– Indirect heating
> Radiant Wall– Process Industry
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Metals Industry
> Ceramic/Glass Industry
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Zinc Distillation
> Metals Industry
> Glass Industry
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Chemical and Hydrocarbon Process Industries
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Steam Generation
> Water Heating
> Space Heating
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Space Heating
> Turbine Exhaust
> Uniform Spread Heating
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Metal Heating
> Metal Melting
> Glass Melting
> Mineral Calcining
Burner Applications
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners > Petrochemical Industries
Industrial Natural Gas Demand by Sector in California (2000-2004)
Source: California Energy Commission
Petroleum
35%
Oil and Gas
extraction
13%
Chemical4%
Primary Metal
4%
Fabricated Metal
3%
Glass
3%
Nonmetallic Mineral3%
Other18%
Food and Beverage
10%Sugar and Frozen
Food7%
.
Burner Use in California> Petrochemical (53.3% of Natural Gas Usage)
– Natural Draft Burners
– Radiant Burners
– Boiler Burners
– Flare Burners
> Food Processing (17.0% of Natural Gas Usage)
– Radiant Burners
– Linear Burners
> Glass and Cement Industry (7.3% of Natural Gas Usage)
– Regenerative Burner Systems
– Oxy-Fuel Burners
– Air-Staged Diffusion Mixed
Burner Use in California
> Metal Industry (7.2% of Natural Gas Usage)
– Radiant Burners
– Oxy-fuel Burners
– High Velocity Burners
– Boiler Burners
– Regenerative Burner Systems
> Paper and Textile Industry (7.2% of Natural Gas Usage)
– Boiler Burners
– Radiant Burners
> Other Use (combined total 7.9% of Natural Gas Usage)
Burner Evaluation Criteria
Heat Flux
FlameShape
Emissions
Stability
Incomplete Combustion
TurndownRatio
Noise
FurnaceTemperature
ExhaustTemperature
IgnitionLimits
Air-FuelRatio
FlameTemperature
Major Affected Parameters
> Stability– Flashback, lift-off, blowout, pressure fluctuations
> Flame shape– Flame length and diameter
> Emissions– CO, NOx, UHC, VOC
> Burner noise> Flame heat release
– Flame and flue gas temperature, heat flux
> Turndown ratio
Burner Evaluation - Traditional> Flue gas and furnace temperature
– Suction pyrometer (aspirator)– Thermocouples
> Stability– Air pressure/noise fluctuation– Visual lift-off & flashback (premixed)
> Flame shape and length– Visual observation (template measurement)
> Heat release– Optical heat flux probe– Heat balance calculations
> Noise– Microphone
> Emissions– Gas sampling to external analyzers
Burner Evaluation - Advanced> Exhaust and furnace temperature
– Laser diagnostics– Thermal imaging
> Stability– Optical sensor observation of flame stability– Acoustic measurements
> Flame shape and length– Optical sensor monitor of flame shape– Composition monitoring of flame envelope (chemical length)
> Emissions– Laser diagnostics (FT-IR)– Doping induced luminescence
> Flame temperature– Laser diagnostics
Source: California Energy Commission
SDG&E/SoCalGas Service Area
36
63 55
58 12
25 26 11 21
1304 - 1407 103
72
68
64 58
50
46 46
39 1302 - 1374
1335 - 1403
1321 - 1385 1318 - 1376
1332 - 1382
1317 - 1363 1317 - 1363
1333 - 1372
Wobbe Number Range Wo Range Wo Values
BTU Districts
Potential Sources of LNG to CAProject Name Location Major Owners Status LNG Composition
(source: GTI)LNG Values
Sakhalin Energy Russia, off east Coast
Shell, Mitsui, Mitsubishi
Under construction; startup 2008
92.2% methane4.9% ethane1.9% butane0.8% propane
HHV=1105Btu/scfSpG=0.613Wobbe=1411Btu/scfZ=0.9975
Tangguh Project Indonesia BP, CNOOC, various local partners
96.4% methane2.0% ethane0.4% propane1.4% butane
HHV=1069Btu/scfSpG=0.590Wobbe=1392Btu/scfZ=0.9977
Malaysia TIGA Malaysia Petronas, Shell, Mitsubishi
Operational 91.2% methane5.2% ethane3.3% propane1.4% C4+
HHV=1137Btu/scfSpG=0.633Wobbe=1428Btu/scfZ=0.9973
Northwest Shelf Train 5
Australia Woodside, Shell, BP, BHP, Chevron, Mitsubishi/Mitsui
Under const. 2006
89.3% methane7.1% ethane2.5% propane1.0% C4+
HHV=1128Btu/scfSpG=0.628Wobbe=1424Btu/scfZ=0.9974
Darwin Australia ConocoPhillips Under const. 2008
Fields have high liquids content so LNG could be “hot” but this will depend on the design of the plant.
Peru LNG Peru Hunt Oil, Repsol, SK
Planned; 2009 N/A
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Classification Criteria
> Diffusion Mixed– Non-Staged
– Air Staged
– Fuel Staged
> Partial Pre-mixed– Non-Staged
– Air Staged
> Pre-Mixed– Non-Staged
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
> Gas
> Liquid
> Solid
> Dual
Classification Criteria
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Classification Criteria
> Air
> Oxygen
> Oxygen Enriched Air
> Preheated Air
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Classification Criteria
> Forced Draft
> Natural Draft
> Inspirated
> Aspirated
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Classification Criteria
> Direct
> Indirect
1. Mixing Type
2. Fuel Type
3. Oxidizer Type
4. Draft Type
5. Heating Type
6. Burner Geometry
Classification Criteria
> Round Nozzle
> Rectangular Nozzle
> Swirl
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Radiant Wall
> Thermal Radiation
> Radiant Tube
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Radiant Wall– Natural Draft
– Forced Draft
> Pre-mixed
> Non-Premixed
> Thermal Radiation
> Radiant Tube
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Radiant Wall
> Thermal Radiation– Porous Ceramic
– Ported Ceramic
– Fiber Metal
– Flame Impingement
– Catalytic
– Perforated Ceramic
– Porous Refractory
– Wire Mesh
> Radiant Tube
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Radiant Wall
> Thermal Radiation
> Radiant Tube– Non-Circulating
– Recirculating
– Forced Draft
– Inspirating
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Pre-mixed
> Diffusion Mixed
> Partially Pre-mixed
> Air Staged
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> One Box
> Two Box
> Rotary / Heat Wheel
> Radiant Tube
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Round Flame
> Wall Fired Flat Flame
> Radiant Wall
> Flat Flame
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Low NOx
> Ultra Low NOx
> Conventional
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Low NOx– External Flue Gas Recirculation
(EFGR)
– Air Staged
– Fuel Staged
– Fuel Induced Recirculation
> Ultra Low NOx
> Conventional
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Low NOx
> Ultra Low NOx– Pre-mixed
– Partially Premixed
– Rapid Mix
– Internal Flue Gas Recirculation
> Conventional
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Low NOx
> Ultra Low NOx
> Conventional– Swirl
– Register
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Duct– Linear Grid
– Grid
> Make-up Air
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Air-Oxy Fuel– Concentric Pipe
– Multiple Nozzle
– Flat Flame
– Staged
> Oxy-Fuel– Polishing
– Forehearth
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Single Point– Non Assisted
– Simple Steam Assisted
– Advanced Steam Assisted
– Low Pressure Air Assisted
> Multi-point
> Enclosed
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Single Point
> Multi-point– Non Assisted
– Simple Steam Assisted
– Advanced Steam Assisted
– Low Pressure Air Assisted
> Enclosed
Burner Types
1. Radiant Burners
2. High Velocity Burners
3. Regenerative Burners
4. Natural Draft Burners
5. Boiler Burners
6. Linear Grid / In-Duct Burners
7. Oxygen Enhanced / Oxy-Fuel Burners
8. Flare Burners
> Single Point
> Multi-point
> Enclosed– Non Assisted
– Simple Steam Assisted
– Advanced Steam Assisted
– Low Pressure Air Assisted