CE 6710

BRIDGE ENGINEERING

January-May 2013 sessionDevdas Menon / Arul Jayachandran

Dept of Civil EngineeringIIT Madras

Welcome to Bridge Engineering!

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

to get a general overview of bridges

to understand structural behaviour of bridge deck systems and substructures

to analyse and design simple bridge structures

to gain some exposure to modern bridge construction practice

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

Everything should be made as simple as possible.

But not simpler!

(Albert Einstein)

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COURSE CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION, HISTORY & PLANNING

2. IRC & IRS LOADING & DESIGN SPECS

3. RC & PSC SOLID & VOIDED SLAB BRIDGE DECKS up to 12m, 10-40m

4. BEAM & SLAB BRIDGE DECKS: RC, PSC, STEEL, COMPOSITE 12-30m (200m)

5. BOX-GIRDER BRIDGE DECKS: RC, PSC, STEEL, COMPOSITE 30-150m

6. STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE DECKS 30-150m(500)

7. ARCH BRIDGE DECKS: RC, STEEL 20-150m5

COURSE CONTENTS8. RC BALANCED CANTILEVER BRIDGE DECKS

9. RC INTEGRAL BRIDGES

10. INTRODUCTION TO SUSPENSION & CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES

11. BEARINGS & EXPANSION JOINTS

12. PIERS, ABUTMENTS & FOUNDATIONS

13. BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS

14. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE OF BRIDGES

15. LESSONS FROM BRIDGE FAILURES6

REFERENCES D J Victor, Essentials of Bridge Engineering, Oxford-IBH, 6th

edition, 2007.

N Rajagopalan, Bridge Superstructure, Narosa, 2006.

S Ponnuswamy, Bridge Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1986.

E C Hambly, Bridge Deck Behaviour, E & FN Spon.

E J OBrien & D L Keogh, Bridge Deck Analysis, E & FN Spon.

C Menn, Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Birkhauser Verlag, 1986.

W-F Chen & L Duan (Ed), Bridge Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2000.

V K Raina, Bridge Engineering Handbook, Galgotia, 1999.7

Class Hours

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Monday LectureTuesday LectureWednesday Lecture

ThursdayFriday Lecture

Lectures (3 hours / week);(fourth hour extra, on occasion)

EvaluationFirst Quiz 20 %Second Quiz 20 %Assignments 10 %End Semester Examination 50 %

Total 100%

1. INTRODUCTION

What is a bridge?

Main components of a bridge

Classification of bridges

Brief history of bridge development

Bridge aesthetics

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BRIDGE?

A bridge is an elevated transportation structure spanning across some obstacle (a river, a valley, a road or a railway).

It provides a passage for transporting pedestrians, vehicles, pipelines, etc.

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BRIDGE

Of all inventions (the alphabet and printing press alone excepted), those inventions which abridge distance have done the most for the civilisation of our species. (Macaulay)

The bridge builder was held in great esteem (pont pontiff) in Europe. (The Chief Bridge Builder in Rome was given the title Pontifex Maximus).

Bridges have great importance in terms of urban, social, cultural and economic development. They also have major military significance.

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COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE

Superstructure: Deck slab

Girders / trusses / arches / cables

Handrails, guard-stones,

Bearings (for deck)

Substructure: Abutments

Piers

Foundations for abutments and piers

Approaches, slopes, aprons,13

COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE

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CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES

based on function

based on material (for deck)

based on type of superstructure

based on superstructure support conditions

based on relative elevation of bridge floor

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CLASSIFICATION

based on function: pedestrian bridge

highway bridge

railway bridge

road-cum-rail bridge

aqueduct (canal over a river/valley)

viaduct (rail/road bridge over a valley)

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CLASSIFICATION

based on material (for deck): timber bridge

masonry bridge

iron bridge

steel bridge

reinforced concrete bridge

prestressed concrete bridge

composite bridge

FRP bridge

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CLASSIFICATION

based on type of superstructure: slab bridge

T-beam bridge

box-girder bridge

truss bridge

arch (bowstring girder) bridge

cable-stayed bridge

suspension bridge

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CLASSIFICATION

based on support conditions for superstructure:

simply supported bridge

continuous bridge

cantilever bridge

rigid frame bridge

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CLASSIFICATION

based on relative elevation of bridge floor:

deck bridge

through bridge

half-through bridge

suspended bridge

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Bridge Components

Basic Components Superstructure Substructure

Pier Foundation

Shallow Deep

Bearings Abutments

Superstructure

SubstructureBearing

Soil Foundation

Abutment

(Courtesy: CVR Murty)

Bridge Components

Basic Components Superstructure Substructure Foundation Bearings Abutments

Bridge Components

Basic Components Superstructure Substructure

Pier Foundation

Shallow Deep

Bearings Abutments

Superstructure

Substructure

Bearing

Soil

Foundation

Bridge Components

Superstructure Slab Bridge

Solid

Voided

Support

Support

Bridge Components

Superstructure Girder-Slab Bridge

Diaphragm

Slab

Girder Bearing

Support

SupportDiaphragm

Bridge Components

Superstructure Girder-Slab Bridge

Steel Girder with Shear anchors into RC Slab

Bridge Components

Superstructure Box Girder Slab Bridge

Box-Girder Bearing

Support

Slab

Bridge Components

Superstructure Box Girder Slab Bridge

Steel Box Girder with Shear anchors into RC Slab

Bridge Components

Superstructure Truss Bridge

Support

Bearing

Bridge Components

Superstructure Truss Bridge

Semi-Through Truss Bridge

Through Truss Bridge

Underslung Truss Bridge

Road/Traffic level

Road/Traffic level

Road/Traffic level

Bridge Components

Superstructure Truss Bridge

Howe Truss Pratt Truss

Warren Truss (Variable Depth)

Bridge Components

Superstructure Arch Bridge

Arch

Tied Arch

Bridge Components

Superstructure Arch Bridge

Through Arch Bridge

Underslung Arch Bridge

Road/Traffic level

Road/Traffic level

Bridge Components

Superstructure Frame Bridge

Continuous Spans

Bridge Components

Superstructure Cable-stayed Bridge

>

Bridge Components

Superstructure Cable-stayed Bridge

Options

Bridge Components

Superstructure Cable-stayed Bridge

Bridge Components

Superstructure Suspension Bridge

>>>

Bridge Components

Superstructure Suspension Bridge

End Anchors

Bridge Components

Substructure Wall Pier

Bridge Components

Substructure Frame Pier

Bridge Components

Substructure Single Column Pier

Bridge Components

Foundation Isolated Footing

Bridge Components

Foundation Piles

Bridge Components

Foundation Well or Caisson

Bridge Components

Bearings Rocker Roller

Bridge Components

Bearings Elastomeric bearings

Bridge Components

Bearings Lead Rubber Bearings

Bridge Components

Bearings POT

Restrained Guided Free

Bridge Components

Bearings PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

SlidingNon-stick

Abutment

Abutment Main Abutment wall Wing wall

Abutment

Abutment Main Abutment wall Wing wall

Straight Bent

CE 6710BRIDGE ENGINEERINGWelcome to Bridge Engineering!COURSE OBJECTIVESCOURSE OBJECTIVESCOURSE CONTENTSCOURSE CONTENTSREFERENCESClass HoursEvaluation1. INTRODUCTION BRIDGE?BRIDGECOMPONENTS OF A BRIDGECOMPONENTS OF A BRIDGECLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGESCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATIONBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsSlide Number 46Bridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsBridge ComponentsAbutmentAbutment