CDP Asansol

Asansol Urban Area : City Development Plan

City Development Plan May 2006

Asansol - Durgapur - Raniganj - Jamuria - Kulti

Asansol - Durgapur - Raniganj -

ASANSOL DURDEVELOPMENT
Asansol Urban Area Jamuria - Kulti
GAPUR
AUTHORITY


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Content : Chapter 1 : Introduction to City Development Plan & Approach 9-15 1.1 Background 9 1.2 Importance of Urban Development & Reforms & the City Development Plan 10 1.3 Objectives and Overall Goals 11 1.4 Strategic Aims & Implementation Programme 12 1.5 Evolvement of CDP through a Consultative Process 13 1.6 City Investment Plan 13 1.7 The CDP Process 13 Chapter 2 : Introduction to the Region 16-25 2.1 Asansol Urban Area 16 2.2 Population 16 2.3 Location 17 2.4 Climate of the Region 17 2.5 Soil Profile of the Region 18 2.6 Resource Base & Industries 19 2.7 Institutional Responsibility 20 2.8 Organizational Structure 23 Chapter 3 : Demography 26-38 3.1 Overall Population and Growth Rate 26 3.2 Decadal Growth Rate 27 3.3 Population Density 28 3.4 Population Projections 29 3.5 Migration 31 3.6 Urbanization 32 3.7 Age mix and Sex Ratio 35 3.8 Literacy Rate 36 3.9 Workforce Variance 37 3.10 Income Variance 38 Chapter 4 : Economic Base 39-49 4.1 Background 39 4.2 Industry 39


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4.3 Mining 40 4.4 Trade & commerce 41 4.5 Agriculture 42 4.6 Pisciculture and Animal Husbandry 43 4.7 Other Industries 43 4.8 Banking 44 4.9 Workforce Breakup 44 4.10 Economic Welfare 46 Chapter 5 : Environment 50-63 5.1 Preamble 50 5.2 Background 50 5.3 Urban Expansion and the environment consequences 50 5.4 Situation Appraisal 52 5.4.1 Surface Water 52 5.4.2 Ground Water 53 5.4.3 Air Pollution 54 5.5 Action plan 56 5.5.1 Water Pollution 56 5.5.2 Air Pollution 58 5.6 Urban Expansion & Susceptibility to natural disaster 59 5.7 Preservation of Water Bodies 60 5.7.1 Background 60 5.7.2 Action Plans 61 5.7.3 Key Intervention 63 Chapter 6 : Vision & Perspective 64-71 6.1 Background 64 6.2 Vision for the Region 64 6.3 Identified Sectors of Development 65 6.4 Regional Focus 65 6.5 Sector-wise Perspective 65 6.6 Development and Adoption of Policies 67 6.7 Future Perspective for the Planning Area 68 6.8 Future Development Zones 70


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Chapter 7 : Land Use and Availability

72-78

7.1 Background 72 7.2 Summary of Land Use 73 7.3 Summary 78 Chapter 8 : Water 79-97 8.1 Vision 79 8.2 Background 79 8.3 Situation Appraisal 80 8.3.1 Overall Background 80 8.3.2 Gap Analysis of Drinking Water 83 8.3.2.1 Durgapur 83 8.3.2.2 Asansol 84 8.3.2.3 Other Regions 85 8.3.3 Insufficient Water Supply Schemes 87 8.3.4 Lack of Proper Operation and Maintenances 88 8.4 Action Plans 89 8.4.1 Creation of Water Treatment Plants 90 8.4.2 New Water Supply Schemes for pipelines and taps 90 8.4.3 Operation and Maintenance 90 8.4.4 Augmentation of Water Availability 90 8.4.5 Capacity Building & Workshop 91 8.4.6 Reduction of Losses in Water Supply by Public Awareness 91 8.4.7 Sustainability 92 8.4.8 Affordability 92 8.4.9 Improvement in Performance and Reliability 93 8.4.10 Structured Public Private Participation 93 8.5 Steps Needed for Improving Ground Water Situation 94 8.5.1 Legal Issues 94 8.5.2 Key Intervention 95 Chapter 9 : Sanitation & Drainage 98-111 9.1 Vision 98 9.2 Background 98 9.3 Situation Appraisal for Sanitation 99 9.3.1 Durgapur 99 9.3.2 Asansol 100 9.3.3 Raniganj 101


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9.3.4 Jamuria 101 9.3.5 Kulti 102 9.3.6 Availability of different types of Latrine Facility 102 9.3.7 Different types of drains available to the Percentage of total Households 103 9.4 Action Plan & Strategic Options 105 9.4.1 Sewage System 105 9.4.2 Drainage System 106 9.5 Schemes & Programs 107 9.5.1 Asansol 107 9.5.2 Durgapur 108 9.5.3 Raniganj 109 9.5.4 Jamuria 110 9.5.5 Kulti 111 Chapter 10 : Transportation 112-137 10.1 Vision 112 10.2 Background 112 10.3 Status Appraisal 113 10.3.1 Consistent Growth 113 10.3.2 Linkage to the Region 113 10.3.3 Key issues 114 10.3.3.1 Congestion of NH-2 (G T Road) 114 10.3.3.2 Inadequacy and poor condition of internal roads 116 10.3.3.3 Railway barriers 118 10.3.3.4 Congestion along major roads 119 10.3.3.5 Absence of centralized warehousing facilities 119 10.3.3.6 Markets in heart of the city 119 10.3.3.7 Absence of parking areas 120 10.3.3.8 Bus Terminus at heart of the city 120 10.3.3.9 Rural connectivity 120 10.4 Action Plan and Strategic Options 121 10.4.1 Improvement along NH-2 122 10.4.2 Improvement of roads 123 10.4.3 Construction of ROBs 123 10.4.4 Decongestion 123 10.4.5 Loading and unloading outside the city 124 10.4.6 Construction of Trade & Storage Center at Logistic Hubs 124 10.4.7 Parking Facilities 124 10.4.8 Improved rural connectivity 127 10.5 Other Important Measures 128 10.5.1 Intersection improvements 128 10.5.2 Street Lights 128


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10.5.3 Isolated Traffic Signals 129 10.5.4 Signal system optimization and Area traffic control 129 10.5.5 Traffic signs and markings 129 10.5.6 Bus Bays 130 10.5.7 Pedestrian Crossings 130 10.5.8 Road Widening 130 10.5.9 Air Link 131 10.6 Key Intervention 131 10.6.1 Asansol 131 10.6.2 Durgapur 134 10.6.3 Ranigunj 136 10.6.4 Jamuria 137 10.6.5 Kulti 137 Chapter 11 : Solid Waste Management 138-153 11.1 Vision 138 11.2 Background & Rationale 138 11.3 Situation Appraisal 139 11.3.1 Overall Observation 139 11.3.1.1 Absence of Proper Collection and Transport 140 11.3.1.2 No Segregation of Waste 140 11.3.1.3 Bio-medical Waste 140 11.3.1.4 Absent of Landfill site for disposal of Garbage 140 11.3.1.5 No Awareness to General Public 140 11.3.2 Assessment of Present Solid Waste Generation 141 11.3.2.1 Generation of MSW in Asansol Municipal Corporation (AMC) and Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) 141 11.3.2.1.1 Domestic Households 141 11.3.2.1.2 Commercial Establishment 142 11.3.2.1.3 Hotels, Restaurants and lodgings 142 11.3.2.1.4 Street Sweepings and Drain Cleanings 143 11.3.2.2 Projection of Generation of Solid Waste in Asansol Municipal Corporation 144 11.3.2.2.1 Durgapur Municipal Corporation 144 11.3.2.2.2 Asansol Municipal Corporation 144 11.3.2.2.3 Raniganj Municipality 145 11.3.2.2.4 Jamuria Municipality 145 11.3.2.2.5 Kulti Municipality 145 11.3.2.2.6 Combined Graph 146 11.4 Strategies 146 11.4.1 Integrated Solid Waste Management 147 11.4.1.1 Managing Municipal Solid Waste 147


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11.4.1.2 Managing the Industrial Waste 147 11.4.2 Awareness Campaign 148 11.4.3 Common Landfill facility 148 11.4.4 Institutional and regulatory reforms 148 11.5 Key Interventions 151 11.5.1 Asansol 151 11.5.2 Durgapur 151 11.5.3 Jamuria 152 11.5.4 Raniganj 152 11.5.5 Kulti 153 Chapter 12 : Housing 154-158 12.1 Aims and Objectives 154 12.2 Background 154 12.3 Situation Appraisal 155 12.4 Action Pointd 158 Chapter 13 : Basic Services to the Poor 159-165 13.1 Vision 159 13.2 Background 159 13.3 Status Appraisal 160 13.4 Key Intervention 161 13.4.1 Key Actions 161 13.4.1.1 Land, Housing and Infrastructure 161 13.4.1.2 Community Institutions and Structures 162 13.4.1.3 Livelihoods, Employment and Informal Sector 162 13.4.1.4 Construction of community toilet 162 13.4.1.5 Construction of Child Care Centre 163 13.4.1.6 Other Programmes 163 13.5 Identified Schemes and Projects 164 Chapter 14 : Tourism 166-170 14.1 Vision 166 14.2 Background 166 14.3 Situation Appraisal 167 14.4 Interface with Socio-economic Policies 168 14.5 Action Plans 169 14.6 Schemes for Tourism 170


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Chapter 15 : Reform Program

171-181 15.1 Background and Reform Goals 171 15.2 Reform Agenda 171 15.3 Impact of Reform Agenda 173 Chapter 16 : Urban Renewal Programme 182-187 16.1 Vision 182 16.2 Background 182 16.3 Key Issues 182 16.3.1 Presence of industries in busy areas 183 16.3.2 Presence of Wholesale Markets 183 16.3.3 Presence of Khatals 184 16.3.4 Scarcity of housing due to rise in migration 184 16.4 Major Action Points 185 16.4.1 Construction of Industrial Parks 185 16.4.2 Shifting Wholesale Markets outside the City 186 16.4.3 Shifting of Khatals 186 16.4.4 Relocation of Slums Outside the City 186 16.4.5 City Beautification Measures 187 16.5 Schemes and Programmes 187 Chapter 17 : Finance & City Investment Plan 188-206 17.1 Financial Status of ULB’s in Asansol Urban Region 188 17.2 Summary Of Observation 190 17.3 Background 191 17.4 Action Plans 192 17.5 City Investment Plan 194 17.6 Sustainability & Financial Options 194 17.7 Funding Pattern for Muncipalities & Municipal Corporation 199 17.8 Consolidated Financial Operating Plan 201 17.9 Financial Operating Plan for Asansol Municipal Corporation 202 17.10 Financial Operating Plan for Durgapur Municipal Corporation 203 17.11 Financial Operating Plan for Ranigunj Municipality 204 17.12 Financial Operating Plan for Jamuria Municipality 205 17.13 Financial Operating Plan for Kulti Municipality 206


Chapter 1 : Introduction to City Development Plan & Approach

1.1 Background The Asansol Urban Area comprises of five major urban centers: Asansol,

Durgapur, Raniganj, Kulti, and Jamuria. These centers forms one of West

Bengal's major industrial and urban regions and is a part of Bardhaman

District. The region is spread over an area of 478.31 sq km with a population of

14.99 lacs.

The region has substantial mineral resources, excellent connectivity, skilled

labour force and a dynamic institutional framework. Over the years, considerable

amount of development activity has been taken up by Asansol Durgapur

Development Authority and the various Municipal Corporations/ Municipalities in

the area viz Asansol Municipal Corporation, Durgapur Municipal Corporation,

Raniganj Municipality, Jamuria Municipality and Kulti Municipality. The region has

experienced a high level of economic and population growth and has emerged as

an important urban industrial centre of the country.

The region had a phenomenal decadal growth of over 74% in 2001 over 1991.

Mining and wholesale trade and commerce dominate the economic activity in the

region. The major impetus to the economic growth has been the availability of

cost effective power, raw material, cheap and skilled labour, adequate water

supply as well a strong connectivity with Kolkata. Agriculture has been limited in

the area due to low productivity of agricultural land in the region. Industry has

been growing steadily till 1996, after which there has been a slump in growth.

However with growth in urban population and scaling up of activities, there has

been substantial stress on the available infrastructure. The region has reached a

strategic threshold in terms of concentration of population, education, and job

opportunities that is favourable for future growth. Further development is

contingent on the ability of the region to develop urban infrastructure

correspondingly.

The region has had a phenomenal decadal growth of over 74% in 2001 over 1991. The major impetus to the economic growth has been the availability of cost effective power, raw material, cheap and skilled labour, adequate water supply as well a strong connectivity with Kolkata.

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1.2 Importance of Urban Development, Reforms & the City Development Plan

It is recognized that Urban Economic Activities is largely dependent on

development of infrastructure, such as power, telecom, transportation, water

supply, sanitation and solid waste management. For the cities to reach its

potential and to develop truly as Growth Centers, a long-term vision, an

assessment of the present status of the region, focused strategies and action

plan needs to be developed. At the same time, Urban Local Bodies needs to be

strengthened in order to make them independent and self-sustaining so that they

are capable of developing and implementing sustainable projects on their own.

ULBs also need to develop systems to ensure that they remain transparent and

accountable.

As centers of economic and social activity, cities provide a unique critical mass of

highly productive skills and opportunities that drive development forward. At the

same time, the exponential growth in population places severe strain on urban

amenities and infrastructure such as housing stock, public transport system,

water supply, rubbish collection (solid waste), sanitation and sewerage systems.

Also, unplanned development leads to creation of slums and clustered

settlements. A large number of its citizen is deprived of the basic urban services.

Urban environment also gets severely affected. .

The Asansol Urban Region reaffirms its commitment to develop and implement strategies and programs with an aim to bring about focused development in infrastructure and provide its citizen high quality of life and universal access to basic urban amenities.

The Asansol Urban Region reaffirms it commitment to develop and implement

strategies and programs with an aim to bring about focused development in

infrastructure and provide its citizen a high quality of life and universal access to

basic urban amenities. The Region is also committed to implementing a Reform

Package so as to strengthen the Urban Local Bodies and to make them strong,

sustainable and accountable with the objective of ultimately creating

economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities.

As a first step to this end, a City Development Plan (CDP) has been prepared,

which is both a vision document as well as a Perspective Plan. The Plan has

been developed with the assistance of IL&FS Infrastructure Development

Corporation Limited. The CDP focuses on development of the infrastructure and


builds up strategies that deal specifically with issues affecting the urban poor,

strengthening of municipal governments, their financial accounting, budgeting

systems and procedures, creation of structures for bringing in accountability and

transparency, and elimination of legal and other bottlenecks that have stifled the

land and housing markets. It provides a basis for cities to undertake urban sector

reforms that help direct investment into city-based infrastructure.

The principles of sustainability are fundamental to this approach and it is

recognized that Assets created out of this Plan needs to be maintained in order

to contribute to its potential.

The objectives of the CDP shall be accomplished by a series of programs and

schemes, which has been identified and included in the Plan.

1.3 Objectives and Overall Goals The overall goals of the Plan shall form the strategic priorities of the respective

Urban Local Bodies in respect of the future development of the cities and have

been formulated with the ultimate goal of creating ecnomically productive,

efficient, equitable and responsive cities. They shall determine the approach

taken to manage and plan for growth in the medium perspective. The

development of the city needs this focused approach, which has been

incorporated in the vision of Asansol Urban Centre and has evolved through

participative process and a series of interactions with individual stakeholders. It

has taken into account the present status, the strengths and weaknesses of the

region and the aspirations of its people.

The prime strategic goals are –

• Promote focused, balanced and sustainable economic and infrastructure

development that will enable Asansol Urban Area to fulfill its role as a

focused growth center;

• Provide for and build a natural environment that is of quality and that

contributes to providing a good quality of life for residents and visit,

The Region is an important growth center in the State of West Bengal and the City recognizes its importance for achieving the national objectives of balanced regional development

The overall goal of the CDP is to achieve Equitable Growth by addressing issues of economic growth, poverty, good governance and universal service delivery through a consultative process of strategizing and visioning leading to sectoral investment and reforms

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• Provide Basic Services to the Urban Poor through delivery of civic

amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access;

• Creating a balance between controlled and induced urban development

and promote land development leading to dispersed urbanisation and

reduction of congestion;

• Improving Inter and Intra regional accessibility;

• Raise adequate funds for meeting the investment requirements in the

infrastructure sector;

• Redefining the image of the Asansol Durgapur Planning area including

Asansol Urban Area;

• Ensuring a mechanism for maintenance of assets created so as to

ensure long term project sustainability;

1.4 Strategic Aims & Implementation Programme The overall goals and visions are in turn integrated into strategic aims of what the

Region seeks to achieve in the lifespan of the Mission. These aims also form the

basis for the various identified schemes and programs as well and formulation of

policies to be taken up over the Mission Period.

Strategic aims for each of the sector have been provided in the Plan (CDP). In

order to achieve these aims a series of interventions in the form of schemes and

programme have been identified. These schemes and programs have also been

included under the various section of the plan.

It may be recognized that CDP is a dynamic document and has been designed to be responsive to ever-changing requirement of its citizens. To this extent, the Plan will be continuously reviewed and developed to ensure that it is in line with the changing aspirations of its people.

CDP is a dynamic document and has been designed to be responsive to ever-changing requirement of its citizens. To this extent, the Plan will be continuously reviewed and developed to ensure that it is in line with the changing aspirations of its people.

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1.5 Evolvement of CDP through a Consultative Process In order to develop a shared vision of the area, views of stakeholders consisting

of - Citizens/Beneficiaries, People’s Representatives, key member of local

industries, Academic & Research Institutions and members of the respective

Urban Local Bodies have been taken. Suggestions, issues, interventions, views,

ideas, proposals etc. emerging from consultation has been provided in the Vision

as well as taken into account while formulating the CDP.

1.6 City Investment Plan (CIP) Based on the overall vision of the region, sectoral vision and present status, the

CIP identifies specific interventions in the form of projects that can be started for

implementation over the JNNURM period of seven years. These projects

comprise a mix of short, medium and long-term projects. The CIP also include a

block estimate of the said projects and the institutional and financial mechanism

for implementation of the respective projects. The identification of the projects

shall be an ongoing process and shall be in line with aspirations and needs of the

people.

1.7 The CDP Process Adopted by Asansol Urban Area

It is recognized that the City Development Plan should reflect the aspirations of

the people in the region. In view of the same, a consultative process has been

followed for preparing the CDP.

The consultative procedure for preparation of the City Development Plan has

evolved over the following broad activities.

1.7.1 Presentation and Discussions with Government Stakeholders

To discuss the JNNURM Requirements, formulate Process, identify requirements

of data collection and to arrive at a methodology to be followed for the

preparation of the CDP


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1.7.2 Rapid Assessment of the Present Scenario in the Area

Data Collection from Corporation and Municipalities on various sectors and

discussion with the respective Urban Local Bodies to have an in-depth

understanding of the present status and gaps though a series of Intense

interaction with the various levels of each of the Urban Local Bodies

1.7.3 Discussion with Direct Stakeholders

The Workshop was conducted for officials of the Various Corporations &

Municipalities in the Asansol Urban Area, the elected representatives and Direct

Stakeholders presenting them with initial findings from the Rapid Assessment of

the city and the possible solutions. A feedback taken from the various

stakeholders taken.

1.7.4 Consultations with Stakeholders and other members

Consultative discussion with various stakeholders, Industry Representative of

the region, which was conducted by Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

and ADDA for discussing on the Vision and Key Requirements of the region. All

the findings from this consultative discussion was taken into account during the

Preparation of the City Development Plan

1.7.5 Workshop conducted Draft City Development Plan

• Overall Vision, Strategies and Action Plan were discussed and evolved

through intense discussion with each of the Urban Local Bodies and

ADDA. The views of various levels of the ULB and other associated

organizations such as PHE, PWD and District Administration, key public

representatives were taken.

• Consensus on strategies and actions for each of the focus area, and

after reaching a consensus adopting a vision for each individual sector

and Action Plans formulated.

• Findings were further detailed in terms of resources required,

responsibilities and stakeholder involvement, identification of the

Potential Road Blocks and Suggestions to overcome these, practical


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implications, Preliminary Funding Requirements and responsibilities and

also determining the pre-requisite for successfully accomplishing priority

actions.

• Consultations were held with the concerned agency to determine the

cost aspect and the feasibility of the projects identified.

1.7.6 Preparation of Draft CDP

• All the findings from the consultative discussion process and also the

Rapid Assessment report was taken into account for the preparation of

Draft CDP. Draft City Development Plan was circulated and views of

each of the Urban Local Bodies taken.

1.7.7 Adoption of CDP

• The Final City Development Plan prepared after taking into account the

various views was adopted by each of the Local Bodies.


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Chapter 2 : Introduction to the Region 2.1 Asansol Urban Area

The Asansol Urban Area comprises of five major centers: Asansol, Durgapur,

Raniganj, Kulti, and Jamuria. These centers forms one of West Bengal's major

industrial and urban regions and forms a part of Bardhawan District. The region

also forms a part of the Asansol Development Planning Area (APDA) Fig: 2.1: Map showing the Asansol Urban Area

2.2 Population The Asansol Urban Area has a population of 15,21,704 people as per Census

2001, comprising of 60% of the population of the APDA Region. Durgapur and

Asansol has the highest population among the region.

Table 2.1 : Break-up of Population

Population Sl. No. Town

Civic Status Male Female Total

Growth rate(1991-2001)

1 Asansol (MC) 250886 224553 475439 81.34% 2 Durgapur (MC) 263721 229684 493405 15.87% 3 Jamuria (M) 68695 60789 129484 - 4 Kulti (M) 152821 137082 289903 167.15% 5 Raniganj (M) 59270 51846 111116 79.235% Total 1499347

Source : W.B. Census 2001


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2.3 Location Asansol urban area is a part of ADPA, which extends 87o10' E to 87o20' E

longitude and 23o88' N to 23o36' N latitude. The area is bounded on the north by

the P.S. Faridpur, on the east by the P.S. Kanksa, on the south by the river

Damodar, and on the west by the P.S. Andal.

Fig 2.2 : Location Profile of APDA Area

860 48’ E

870 33’ E

230 23’ N

230 53’ N

81 Kms

27 Kms

The maximum length from east to west is around 81 kms, while the maximum

breadth from north to south is about 27 kms.

2.4 Climate of the Region This area experiences a climate, which is transitional between CWg3 and AW1

types ( C = Warm temperature rainy climates with mild winter, W = Dry winter

and less rain, g3 = Eastern Ganges type of temperature trend and AW1 =

Indicates tropical climate).

The Range of temperature and rainfall is as below:

Maximum Temperature during summer: 44 Degree Centigrade Minimum Temperature during the winter: 5 Degree Centigrade. Average Rainfall in the area: 1408mm.


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Fig 2.3 : Rainfall in the Asansol Urban Region

Jamuria

Raniganj

Durgapur

Kulti Asansol

Source : bardhaman.nic.in Table 2.2 : Rainfall Profile of Asansol Urban Region

Area Profile Asansol Region: .

Asansol region receives medium and high rainfall. Western part of Asansol receives heavy rainfall whereas the eastern part receives Medium rainfall.

Durgapur Region:

Durgapur region receives medium and low rainfall. Western part of Durgapur receives medium rainfall whereas Eastern part receives Low rainfall.

Raniganj Region

The whole of Raniganj part receives medium rainfall with only a small Chunk portion of southwest part receiving heavy rainfall.

Jamuria Region: Entire region receives medium rainfall.

Kulti Region: Majority part of this region receives heavy rainfall except the western Region that receives medium rainfall.

2.5 Soil Profile of the Region Bardhawan region is blessed with various types of soils like Red and Yellow

Ultisols, Lateritic Ultisols, Alfisols Older Alluvium, Entisols Younger Alluvium. The

entire Western region has Red and Yellow Ultisols soil whereas Entisols Younger

Alluvium Soil is found in the entire eastern region. Central region is blessed with

a mixture of Lateritic Ultisols soil and Alfisols Older Alluvium soil. The Asansol

Urban Area has only Red and Yellow Ultisols soil.


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Fig 2.4 : Soil Profile of Asansol Area

Source : Bardhaman.nic.in

2.6 Resource Base & Industries

A resource rich region offering comparative advantage for industrial investments

surrounds the Asansol Urban area. The region has a rich mineral base and has

access to highly competitive power.

The traditional industrial base of the region is chiefly supported by coal, iron and

steel and has undergone a rapid diversification and new industrial ventures,

which include heavy engineering, fertilizers and coal-based chemicals. The most

industrialized zone of the district comprises areas under Asansol Subdivision and

Durgapur Subdivision with Durgapur being the most important industrial centre in

the areas.

The principal industries beside Durgapur Steel Plant and Durgapur Project are

producers of cement making machinery, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. Alloy

Steel Plant produces a variety of alloy steels, Durgapur Chemicals Limited

produces basic organic and inorganic heavy chemicals, Durgapur Thermal

Power Station, Mining & Allied Machinery Corporation produces coal mining, bulk

handling equipments and other heavy machinery.


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The industry has been rapidly growing till 1996. However, there has been a

slump thereafter. Recently several sponge iron factories and also have come up

in the area. Asansol is also a major center for Trade & Commerce.

2.7 Institutional Responsibility The Asansol Durgapur Development Authority, (ADDA), is the nodal agency for

the development of the area. It was set up in 1980, under the provision of The

West Bengal Town and Country (Planning & Development) Act 1979.

There are two Municipal Corporations {Asansol, Durgapur} and three

Municipalities {Raniganj, Kulti & Jamuria} in the area.

There has been significant Public Private Partnership in the Housing Sector.

These include Bengal Ambuja, Shristi etc. Several Industrial Parks are being set

up for Private Sector Participation.

There have been few PPP projects in other areas of infrastructure. However, the

Region is now well placed to attract PPP Projects for its future plans.

The Institutional Framework for selected areas of infrastructure are as follows :

Infrastructure Planning and Design Construction Operation and maintenance

Water supply

PHE/MC/M/ADDA/ HC

PHE/MC/M/ADDA/ HC

PHE/MC/M/ADDA/ HC

Sewerage HC HC HC

Drainage MC/M MC/M MC/M

Storm water drainage MC/M MC/M MC/M

Solid waste disposal NIL NIL NIL Municipal roads

(Including flyover) MC/M/PWD MC/M/PWD MC/M/PWD

Street lighting MC/M MC/M MC/M

• Municipal Corporation (MC)/ Municipalities (M)/ Public Health

/Engineering (PHE)/ Urban Local Body (ULB)/ Public Works Department

(PWD)/ Housing Colony (HC).


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Map

2.1

: P

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A A

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Map

2.1

: C

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& In

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2.9 Organizational Structure The Asansol Urban Area comprises of two Municipal Corporation and three

Municipalities as illustrated below:


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Asansol Durgapur Development Authority is a statutory body under the West

Bengal Town and Country (Planning and Development) Act, 1979, and derives

its power and functions from the section 13( 1) (ii) of the said act.

The important functions are:

To prepare a present Land Use Map

To prepare and enforce an Outline Development Plan

To prescribe use of land within its area

To prepare and execute development schemes

To co-ordinate development activities of all departments and agencies of

the

State Government or local authorities operating within the Planning Area

To carry out such works as are contemplated in the Development Plans

To acquire, hold and manage such property, both movable and

immovable, as the Development Authority may deem necessary for the

purposes of any of its activities and to lease, sell or otherwise transfer

any property held by it

To purchase by agreement or to take on lease or under any form of

tenancy, any land and to erect thereon such buildings and to carry out

such operations as may be necessary for the purposes of carrying on its

undertakings

To enter into or perform such contracts as may by necessary for the

performance of its duties and for exercise of its powers under this Act

To provide facilities for the consignment, storage and delivery of goods

To perform any other function which is supplemental, incidental or

consequential to any of the functions aforesaid or which may be

prescribed

The Board of Asansol Durgapur Development Authority has broad representation of the key stakeholders in the region.

The Chairman of the Board is Sri Bansagopal Choudhury, and there are other 12

members at present including Sabhadhipati of Burdwan Zilla Parishad, Mayor of

Asansol Municipal Corporation, Mayor of Durgapur Municipal lCorporation,


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Representative of Urban Development Department (Town and Country Planning

Branch) Government of West Bengal, Representative of Finance Department -

Government of West Bengal, District Magistrate of Burdwan, one Member of

Parliament, Chairman cum Managing Director of Eastern Coal Fields Limited,

Managing Director of Durgapur Steel Plant, Managing Director of Durgapur

Projects limited and Chief Executive Officer of ADDA.

In order to ensure that the City Development Plan reflects the requirements and

aspiration of the entire region, ADDA has taken a lead role in coordinating the

activities towards preparation of the City Development Plan.


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Chapter 3 : Demography 3.1 Overall Population & Growth Rate The Asansol Urban Area has been experiencing high growth in population and

the region now has a population of 14,99,347 out of the total population of

Asansol Durgapur Planning Area of 25,52,781 (2001 census) thus accounting for

nearly 60% of the population. The major concentration is in the urban centers of

Asansol and Durgapur, along with Raniganj, Kulti and Jamuria.

All the cities have experienced high population growth and are also expected to

continue to experience such growth.

Table 3.1 : Total Population

Population Sl. No. Town

Civic Status Male Female Total

Growth rate(1991-2001)

1 Asansol (MC) 250886 224553 475439 81.34%

2 Durgapur (MC) 263721 229684 493405 15.87%

3 Jamuria (M) 68695 60789 129484 **

4 Kulti (M) 152821 137082 289903 167.15%

5 Raniganj (M) 59270 51846 111116 79.23%

Total 795393 703954 1499347 74.6%

Source : Census 2001 * * - New census town/ OG/ UA subsequent to 1991. 1991 figures are not recast and included in the concerned CD Block/ Town.


27

Fig 3.1 : Population and Growth Rate

0100000200000300000400000500000600000

Asans

ol

Durgap

ur

Jamuri

aKult

i

Raniga

nj

Cities

tota

l pop

ulat

ion

as o

n 20

01

0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00100.00120.00140.00160.00180.00

% g

row

th ra

te (1

991-

2001

)

Population

Growth rate(1991 2001)

Source : Census 2001

The growth in population in Kulti, Asansol and Raniganj is very high. Kulti and

Asansol have reported phenomenal growth over the last decade. In addition to

natural population growth, migration has also contributed to the growth. The

growth has been in spite of the industrial slump in the region.

3.2 Decadal Growth Rate

Fig 3.2 : Decadal Population Growth Rate Bardhaman Area

0.37

-0.1

3 8.60

-6.4

6-6

.99 1.

65 9.82

7.97

35.6

6

19.9

915

.34

71.8

1

15.9

212

.00

45.1

6

40.6

535

.01

73.2

0

27.0

419

.93

58.9

8

23.4

712

.90

59.3

3

25.1

315

.04

49.3

8

13.9

610

.72 19

.97

-20.

000.

0020

.00

40.0

060

.00

80.0

0

Perc

enta

ge G

row

th

1901-1911 1911-1921 1921-1931 1931-1941 1941-1951 1951-1961 1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001

TOTAL RURAL URBAN Source : Statistical Handbook –Census 2001


28

The decadal population growth of the Asansol Urban Region is a phenomenal

74.63%, which is substantially higher than that of the National and West Bengal

decadal growth of 22.66% and 17.77% respectively. Even the Decadal Growth of

the Bardhaman District is only 13.96 % on total and growth of the Bardhaman

Urban region stands only as 19.97 %.

Table 3.2 : Decadal Growth

Decadal Growth in the Asansol Urban Region Area 1991 2001 Growth% Kulti 108518 289903 167

Asansol 262188 475439 81 Raniganj 61997 111116 79 Jamuria 0 129484 **

Durgapur 425836 493405 16 Total 858539 1499347 75

Source : Census 2001 * - New census town/ OG/ UA subsequent to 1991. 1991 figures are not recast and included in the concerned CD Block/ Town.

While there has been a phenomenal growth in population, infrastructure growth has completely lagged behind.

3.3 Population Density

Fig: 3.3 : The Population Density

1616

.25

1089

.87

2050

.43 26

44.9

2

2761

.58

861.

42

631.

06

1768

2912

3718

4740

3200

2653

.14

698.

68981.

70

3183

.09

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

4000.00

4500.00

5000.00

JAM

UR

IA

KU

LTI

AS

AN

SO

L

RA

NIG

AN

J

DU

RG

AP

UR

Bar

dham

an (T

)

Bar

dhm

an (r

ural

)

Bar

dham

an(u

rban

)

Town/Bardhaman (Total, Rural & Urban)

Pers

on p

er s

q km

Density 1991 Density 2001

Source : Statistical Handbook –Census 2001


29

The Asansol Urban area has high population density. Raniganj and Asansol have

the highest density in the region of 4740 and 3718 compared to the APDA

average of 1600.

Table 3.3 : Population Densities

Region Density 2001 (Persons per km2)

India 324

West Bengal 904

Burdwan District 3183

Durgapur 3200

Asansol 3718

Kulti 2912

Jamuria 1768

Ranigunj 4740

Kolkata Metropolitian Area 7950 Source : Census 2001

However compared to the urban population density of India & west Bengal, the

population density of these cities might not seem to be too high. But these cities

are becoming more and more congested and there is inequitable growth, which

has resulted in severe congestion in some part of the city. In addition to this, the

tremendous growth in urbanization in the area is a matter of great concern, Thus

a decongestion programme backed by a systematic development in the basic

infrastructure is the need of the day.

3.4 Population Projections

The Asansol Urban region has been experiencing a steady growth in population

due to a mix of factor in including annexation, natural growth and migration.

Table 3.4 : Population Trends for Asansol Urban Area

Year Kulti Asansol Raniganj Jamuria Durgapur Total 1991 108518 262188 61997 0 425836 858539 2001 289903 475439 111116 129484 493405 1499347 2011 330958 546029 170247 164268 700794 1912295 2021 393426 690538 244980 212047 932355 2473346 2025 421598 758537 268523 235105 1045148 2728910


30

Fig 3.5 : Population trend and Projections

858539

1499347

1912296

2728910

2473346

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

1991 2001 2011 2021 2025

kultiAsansolRaniganjJamuriaDurgapurTOTAL


The populations of individual townships have been plotted from the previous

census available till 2001 and then the trend has been formulated on an

exponential series to forecast the future projections. Based on the above, the

total population of the Asansol Area is expected to reach a total of 27 lacs by

Year 2025.


31

3.5 Migration One of factors accounting for growth in population has been migration from other

areas to the Urban Area.

Fig 3.6 : Migrants Residing in the Area

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1947-50 1951-57 1958-66 1967-72 1973-80 1981-90 1991-99 NR

Durgapur Asansol Kulti Raniganj Jamuria

Source : Statistical Handbook, Census 2001 There has been a huge influx of migration between 1973 to 1970 due to boom in

industrial and mining activities. The migration substantially reduced thereafter

with the gradual slowing of industrial activities and mining. As of now around 15%

of the population are migrants, which is still higher than the neighboring areas of

West Bengal.

Table 3.5 : Percentage of Migrant Population In Different Administrative Units over the Time Period (1947-1999)

Percentage Of Migrant Population In Different Administrative Units over the Time Period (1947-1999)

Area Sample Size 1947-50 1951-57 1957-66 1967-72 1973-80 1981-90 1991-99 NRDurgapur 1830 0.9 0.7 13 14.6 28.5 21.8 17 3.4Asansol 1102 3 4.3 15 14.5 20.3 24.6 12.9 6.1

Kulti 872 2 3.6 11 9.9 27.2 31.9 12.2 2 Raniganj 704 3.4 2 10.1 12.6 26.1 29.8 12.7 3.1Jamuria 164 0.6 1.1 5.5 13.6 25.5 33.6 11.9 7

NMU 1836 0.9 1.7 9.3 13.8 27.8 27.8 12.7 6 Rural Area 1029 2.6 2.3 5.9 12.5 23.9 29.7 11.2 5.9

ADPA 7276 1.5 2 11.9 13.8 26 26.6 14.2 4.8Source : Socio Economic Report of ADPA 1999-2000


32

Fig 3.7 : Reasons for Immigration

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% of Total Migration

Durgapur Asansol Kulti Raniganj JamuriaCities

Search of Employment Take up gainfull occupation Education Stay with spouse /guardianOthers

Source : Statistical Handbook, Census 2001

The major reason for migration is because of people from the other areas

migrating to join the workers who have entered into the region. In fact,

employment is the important (pull) factor bringing about migration to this area,

which accounted for an overwhelming majority of migrants. Many of them came

to ‘stay with spouse/guardian’ those migrants who came to ADPA for

employment.

3.6 Urbanization

Fig 3.8 : Rural-Urban Population-Bardhaman

561078 8919901421169

2122992 2572423

194119311921 1951 1961 200119911971 1981

32394113463895741 223154

1441

061

1667

578

1867

726 25

2176

8 3024

184 34

1421

9 3927

613 43

4727

5

1339

030

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

Pop

ulat

ion

1901 1911 Urban (No.) - - Rural (No.) - -Source : Statistical Handbook – Census 2001


33

Map

3.1

: Pr

ofile

of P

opul

atio

n D

ensi

ty

Asansol Urban Area: City Development Plan

34

Fig 3.9 : Share of Rural and Urban Population Trend-Bardhaman

93.3

3

91.4

6

88.2

85.2

2

81.8

77.2

2

70.6

1

64.9

1

62.8

237

.18

35.0

9

29.3

9

22.7

8

18.2

14.7

8

11.8

8.54

6.67

y = 5.7598e0.2228x

R2 = 0.9863

y = 102.46e-0.0526x

R2 = 0.9622

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Perc

enta

ge o

f Tot

al P

opul

atio

n

P.C of rural population to total populationP.C of urban population to total populationExpon. (P.C of urban population to total population)Expon. (P.C of rural population to total population)

Source : Statistical Handbook –Census 2001 It maybe observed from the above that the region is moving towards urbanisation

and there is currently a significant shift in the profile of the State.

Table 3.5 : Percentage of Urban Population

Area Total Population Urban Population PercentageJamuria (M) 129484 129484 100 Kulti (M) 289903 289903 100 Asansol (MC) 475439 475439 100 Raniganj (M) 111116 111116 100 Durgapur (MC) 493405 493405 100 Salanpur (CD Block) 156320 71972 45 Barabani (CD Block) 110393 18701 17 Ondal (CD Block) 168853 127430 76 Kanska (CD Block) 151276 30796 20 Jamuria (CD Block) 112893 28668 25 Raniganj (CD Block) 101626 77257 76 Durgapur Faridpur 105532 16611 16 Pandabeswar 146541 108830 74

Total ADPA 2552781 1979612 78 Source : Statistical Handbook –Census 2001

As mentioned earlier the Asansol Urban Area itself account for 60% of the

population. In the event, the other smaller urban centers such as Ondal and

Kandska are accounted for than the urban population would constitute as much

as 77% of the population.


3.7 Age Mix and Sex Ratio Fig 3.10 : Age Mix Of The Residents

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Durgapur Asansol Kulti Raniganj Jamuria

0 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 14 15 to 44 45 to 59 60 to 64 65 +


35

The above graph reveals that 6 percentage of total population are under 5 years

of age, which includes infants and pre-school children, 20 percent are school

going children (5-14 years), 68 percent are in working ages (15-59 years) and the

remaining about 6 percent belongs to old ages i.e. 60 years of age and above.

The average age in the region is thus fairly young.

Fig 3.11 : Sex Ratio

0

845

832

841

825 89

9

933

83888

5

897

895

875

871 92

2

942

888

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

JAMURIA

KULTI

ASANSOL

RANIGANJ

DURGAPUR

Bardha

man (T

)

Bardhm

an (r

ural)

Bardha

man (u

rban)

Num

ber o

f fem

ale

per 1

000

men

1991 2001

Source : Statistical Handbook – Census 2001


36

Fig 3.12 : Population Growth

475439 493405

129484 111116

289903

050000

100000150000200000250000300000

Asansol Durgapur Jamuria Kulti Raniganj

Mal

es &

Fem

ales

0100000200000300000400000500000600000

Tota

l Pop

ulat

ion

Male Female Total

Source : Statistical Handbook – Census 2001

The average of the region works out to be 933, which compares poorly with the

National and State Average of 933 and 934. The reason for the adverse ratio

may be partially due to the fact that the region has significant migrant workers

who come for work alone.

3.8 Literacy rate Fig 3.13 represents a comparative picture of general educational standard of

people in different municipalities. The percentage of persons who did not

complete primary school was found to be highest (40) in Raniganj followed by

Jamuria, Kulti, Asansol and Durgapur. The percentage of graduates was highest

(15) for AMC, followed by DMC (13). In case of other divisions it was less than 10

percent.

Fig 3.13 : Literacy Profile

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

DMC AMC Kulti Ranigunj Jamuria

perc

enta

ge

Illiterate literate below primary Primary Middle schoSecondary Graduate Post graduate N.R. Source: Statistical Handbook –Census 2001


37

3.9 Workforce Variance

Table 3.6 : % of Working Population

Cities Total Population Working Population % Of the total

population Working

Kulti 289903 78158 27 Asansol 475439 134225 28 Raniganj 111116 28279 25 Jamuria 129484 36953 29 Durgapur 493405 153701 31

Total 1499347 431316 29 Source: www.bardhaman.nic.in

Moreover Fig 3.13 shows the percentage change of working population of

different divisions on the basis of sex for two census years 1991 and 2001. The

chart shows that the total working population increased for all divisions from the

year 1991 to 2001. The increase in the female working population was significant

compared to increase in male working population for all divisions in that period.

Fig 3.13 : Percent of Total Workers Population as per Year and Category

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

*JAMURIA

KULTI

ASANSOL

RANIGANJ

DURGAPUR

City

Perc

enta

ge Total (1991)Male (1991)Female (1991)Total (2001)Male (2001)Female(2001)

Source: Statistical Handbook –Census 2001


38

3.10 Income Variance Distribution Of Households By Monthly Household Income Separately for

Different Areas Of Residence in the Planning Area is as follows

Table 3.7 : Percent of Household Residing In The Respective Town

Monthly Income Class Durgapur Asansol Kulti Raniganj Jamuria

<=499 2 1 0 1 3 500-900 1 2 1 1 5

1000-1999 10 10 10 15 20 2000-2999 14 10 10 19 17 3000-4999 26 21 28 30 31 5000-7499 32 35 36 21 16 7500-9999 8 12 8 4 6

10000+ 7 9 7 9 2 100 100 100 100 100



39

Chapter 4 : Economic Base 4.1 Background

The Asansol Urban Area is one of West Bengal's major industrial and urban

regions. The two major cities in terms of economic development are Asansol and

Durgapur. The region forms a part of Bardhaman district.

Mining and wholesale trade and commerce dominate the economic activity in the

region. The major impetus to the economic growth has been the availability of

cost effective power, raw material, cheap and skilled labour, adequate water

supply as well a strong connectivity with Kolkata. Agriculture has been limited in

the area due to low productivity of agricultural land in the region. The Industry

has been growing steadily till 1996, after which there has been a slump in the

growth.

4.2 Industry A resource rich region offering comparative advantage for industrial investments

surrounds the Asansol Durgapur.

The traditional industrial base of the region is chiefly supported by coal, iron and

steel and has undergone a rapid diversification and new industrial ventures,

which include heavy engineering, fertilizers and coal-based chemicals. The

most industrialized zone of the district comprises areas under Asansol

Subdivision and Durgapur Subdivision with Durgapur being the most important

industrial centre in the areas. The industrial sector has showed a very high rate

of growth uptill 1996. Between 1955 and 1965 a series of large and medium

industries came into existence in Durgapur. A number of small industries also

grew up to service these bigger industries and small industries. The principal

industries beside Durgapur Steel Plant and Durgapur Project are production of

cement making machinery, boilers, pressure vessels, etc. Alloy Steel Plant

produces a variety of alloy steels, Durgapur Chemicals Limited produces basic

organic and inorganic heavy chemicals, Durgapur Thermal Power Station,

Mining & Allied Machinery Corporation produces coal mining, bulk handling


40

equipments and other heavy machinery. However, post 1996, there has been

substantial slump in the industrial growth in the region.

The slump in the area has been due to varied reason such as obsolescence, low

induction of technology and heavy pollution in the area. The closure of IISCO has

hit the industrial activity in the area severely. IISCO in Burnpur is expecting a

recovery with its merger with IISCO. There have been substantial investments

near Raniganj and Jamuria Region. However, Environmental Pollution has been a

matter of concern to the area.

The city recognizes that there is a need to develop the industrial investment in the

area. In view of the pressures on the infrastructure and environment, it is

necessary to shift from large industries to medium and small size industries. It is

also recognized that greater emphasis and encouragement has to be given to low

polluting industries. One of the areas that need to be focused projects in the IT

Sector. It is also recognized that industrial investment strategy largely depends on

creation of adequate infrastructure.

4.3 Mining Raniganj Coalfield is the birthplace of coal mining in the country. Area of Raniganj

Coalfield is 1530 Sq. Kms spreading over Burdwan, Birbhum, Bankura and

Purulia Districts in West Bengal and Dhanbad District in Jharkhand. Heart of

Raniganj Coalfield is, however, in Burdwan District bounded by Ajoy River in

North and Damodar River in South. Kasta Coalfied is located on the North of Ajoy

while Mejia and Parbelia are on South of Damodar River.

At present E.C.L. has 107 operating mines out of which 89 are underground

mines and remaining 18 are opencast mines. Total Coal Reserve upto 600 m

depth is 23 billion tonnes in West Bengal. Out of this, proven extractable reserve

is 6 billion tonnes in West Bengal.(source Bardhaman.nic.in).

Raniganj Coalfield of E.C.L. has special characteristic containing the best type of

non-coking coal reserves in the country. All the heat intensive industries like

Glass, Ceramic, Refractories, Forging etc. are exclusively dependent on


41

Raniganj Coal. Other industries also prefer Raniganj Coal. The entire Export of

Coal from the country is being done from Raniganj Coalfield. Raniganj coalfield

also contains large reserves of iron ore occurring chiefly as nodules. Good

quality fire clay occurs in the Barakar stage of the Raniganj coalfield. Besides,

the fire clays, various other types of useful clays occur at several places in the

Raniganj coalfield belt, of which, the pottery clays of the Ronei and the light

coloured brick clays of Durgapur deserved special mention.

Raniganj coalfield also contains large reserves of iron ore. Good quality fire clay

occurs in the Barakar stage of the Raniganj coalfield. The fire clays, various other

types of useful clays occur at several places in the Raniganj coalfield belt, of

which, the pottery clays of the Ronei and the light coloured brick clays of

Durgapur deserved special mention.

Beside this the important minerals found in the district are, calcium carbonate,

Manganese, Bauxite and laterite etc.

4.4 Trade & Commerce The Asansol Urban Area continues to be a major centre for Trade and

Commerce. Unlike the slump experienced in Industry, there has been a

consistent growth in trade and commerce. The retail and commerce has

consistently flourished. The region covers a vast hinterland covering the districts

of Barddhaman, Birbhum, Bankura, Purulia, Dhanbad and Barakar.

The retail activity has been concentrated in the Centre of G.T. Road. The growth

has been largely unplanned and keeping in mind its potential and the strain on

the infrastructure, this sector warrants substantial attention. The City is taking up

a plan to develop markets in alternate site backed with modern logistic centers

and having adequate warehousing facilities, truck terminals, marketing centers

and other facilities. The City is committed to provide attractive infrastructure to

this sector.


42

4.5 Agriculture Bardhaman is the only district in the state of West Bengal that is fortunate both in

industry and agriculture. On an average about 58 percent of the total population

belongs to the agricultural population while the non-agricultural sector accounts

for the remaining 42 percent. The following table shows the classification of land

utilization statistics.

Table 4.1 : Classification of Land Utilization Statistics ('000 hectares)

Total area according to

DLR, WB

Forest according to

state forest deptt.

Current Fallow

Fallow land otherthan current

Fallow

Net cropped area

699.1 22.2 11 1.9 469.8 Source : bardhaman.nic.in/agri/agriculture.htm

Rice is the most important crop of the district and in the alluvial plains to the east

little else is grown. The rice grown with its numerous varieties can broadly

grouped under the three primary classes distinguished from one another by

distinct characteristics and there are: The Aus or autumn, the Aman or winter and

the Boro or the summer rice. Paddy covers maximum of the gross cropped area.

Among commercial crops Jute, Mesta and Sugarcane, potato, oil seeds are

cultivated in marginal area.

Table 4.2 Area & production of major crops in the Durgapur Asansol subdivision Area in hectare Production in Mt per hectare

Sl. No. Crop 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 95-96

1 Aus 890 800 910 1030 900 3.76 3.36 3.14 3.15 3.4

2 Aman 40095 40750 40900 40300 40750 4.21 4.06 4.04 4.29 4.3

3 Rapeseed& Mustard 3070 2790 3145 32152 660 1.1 1.03 1.08 1.42 1.15

4 Wheat 405 435 510 500 790 3.68 2.74 3.11 3.18 3.31

5 Vegetable 2325 2185 1910 2085 2350 2.93 8.96 1.78 7.12 7.16

6 Kharrif Pulse 95 87 106 110 81 0.09 0.65 0.27 0.5 0.12

7 Sugarcane 64 47 80 60 58 6.48 6.5 6.48 6.48 6.51

8 Potatoes 437 435 505 481 465 21.3 19.51 20.18 20.53 20.56

9 Summer TO 320 160 263 270 268 0.31 0.31 0.69 0.5 0.71

10 Mesta 140 120 125 115 155 1.43 0.8 3.53 3.81 3.92

11 Rabi Pulse 172 178 204 325 143 0.58 0.62 1.11 1.22 1.24

12 Summer Paddy 11935 11935 15520 12680 17843 4.6 4.86 4.62 4.8 4.95

13 Onion 70 98 130 150 175 8.4 8.49 8.39 8.45 8.62

14 Jute 20 20 15 20 15 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

15 Unseed 8 11 12 16 17 0.51 0.55 0.53 0.56 0.58

16 Chilly (green) 28 22 29 39 45 1.7 3.54 3.47 3.5 3.68

17 Aratw 50 48 76 65 70 0.7 0.58 0.8 0.86 0.87


43

4.6 Pisciculture and Animal Husbandry The fish production in this region is not significant. Demand for consumption of

fish has to be met from importing them from out side the region. The block wise

distribution of fish production is indicated in Table 4.3 along with the yield. Yield

is lowest in Salanpur block and highest in Jamuria block – however it is much

less than the desirable yield of 2400 kg/ha. Large areas of grassland existing in

ADPA make it conducive for grazing - yet existing status of animal husbandry is

not encouraging.

Table 4.3 : Block of Distribution of Fish Production and Yield

Block Area under Pisciculture (sq. km.)

Output (MT)

Yield Kg/ha

Salanpur 2.53 399 1577 Barabani 5.08 914 1799 Jamuria 4.22 898 2123 Ranigunj 2.42 484 2000 Andal 3.5 630 1800 Pandabeswar 2.8 504 1800 fFridpur 8.48 1292 2000 Kanksa 4.94 988 2000 Source: District Statistical Handbook – 2003, Burdwan.

The milk and meat production in the area is not sufficient requiring the area to

import of milk and poultry from neighboring region.

4.7 Other Industries Iron Utensils are made throughout the district. Brass and bell-metal utensils are

manufactured at various places in the district. This industry, which once

employed quite a large number of artisans, has declined. Other old time

industries which are still found in the district, include cutlery, cart-making, clay

image making, dairy, gold and silver smithy, lime making, mat-making, pottery,

sweetmeats, tile making, leather work, carpentry, blacksmithy, oil crushing,

crushing, cane and bamboo products, gur making; wood and stone carving, etc.


44

4.8 Banking There has been substantial growth in Banking in Asansol, Durgapur and

Raniganj, with presence of several nationalized and private Banks. The present

status on the accessibility of banking services for the households are given in

Fig: 4.1

Fig 4.1 : Accessibility to Banking Institutions

1,380,873

862,458

518,415590,876

286,019 304,857

12,672 29,158 54,83711,125

71,961110,283

22,45989,015

51,46624,229

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

Bar

ddha

man

(Tot

al)

Bar

ddha

man

(Rur

al)

Bar

ddha

man

(Urb

an)

Jam

uria

Kul

ti

Asa

nsol

Ran

igan

j

Dur

gapu

r

Num

ber o

f Hou

seho

lds

HH

HH availing bankingservice

Source: Census 2001

4.9 Workforce Breakup The people in the area are heavily dependent on industry. Over 78 percent of the

total population in ADPA resides in urban areas. The growing urban population

indicates tendency to move away from rural areas. The percentage of workers to total population ranges from 45% to 49%.


45

Fig 4.2 : Percent of Total Workers /Population as per Category


Percent of Total Workers Population as per Year and Category

27.31 26.96 28.2329.74

31.15

45.33 45.5046.87

49.59 49.31

6.94 6.29 7.41 7.0510.30

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

*JAMURIA KULTI ASANSOL RANIGANJ DURGAPUR

City

Perc

enta

ge

Total (2001) Male (2001) Female(2001)

Fig 4.3 : Percentage of Main Working Population as per Year and Category

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

*JAMURIA KULTI ASANSOL RANIGANJ DURGAPUR

Perc

enta

ge

Total (91) Male(91) Female(91) Total(2001) Male(2001) Female(2001)



46

4.10 Economic Welfare It is recognized that the success of a region is in the economic welfare of its

citizen. . Average household income and expenditure in the Asansol Durgapur

Planning Area is Rs. 4722 and Rs. 2808 respectively, with MPC (Marginal

Propensity to Consume) equal to 0.6. Block wise distribution of average

Household income and expenditure pattern indicates that AMC has the highest

average household income and expenditure followed Kulti, Raniganj and

Durgapur. Jamuria has the lowest average household income and expenditure.

The Marginal Propensity to Consume in Jamuria block is 0.7 – highest in the

ADPA.

To appraise the state of human development, indicators pertaining to dimensions

of well-being are plotted in the form of Development Radars. These dimensions

of well being are related to:

• Command over resources – the ability to enjoy a decent standard of

living and Having a socially meaningful life;

• Education – the ability to read write and acquire knowledge;

• Longevity – to live a long and healthy life;

The indicators chosen are – per capita expenditure, calorie intake, water supply,

sanitation, pucca house, literacy rate, formal education and morbidity rate.

Based on identified indicators, the region has worked out the well being in

various factors. The indicators chosen are – per capita expenditure, calorie

intake, water supply, sanitation, pucca house, literacy rate, formal education and

morbidity rate.


Lacking in Health Sector

Fig 4.4 : ASANSOL MUNICPAL COPORATION

Source : IIT Report 2006

Fig 4.5 : JAMURIA MUNICIPALITY Source : IIT Report 2006

Urgent attention is required in this area is necessary particularly in Health

47


48

Durgapur, apart from being an industrial hub, has also grown as an educational centre, which is reflected in the radar. But perhaps the polluting industries has made a mark on the health conditions of the area

Fig 4.6 : KULTI MUNICIPALITY

Kulti in that respect has a

skewed development, lagging in calorie intake and has low Literacy rate.

Source : IIT Report 2006 Fig 4.7 : DURGAPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION Source : IIT Report


49

Fig 4.8 : RANIGANJ MUNICIPALITY

Low in health and calorie intake

Source : IIT Report A brief look at the development radars indicates that existing level of human

development in Jamuria is worst in ADPA – Durgapur being the best. Asansol

has to improve upon its morbidity rate as well the pucca housing stock. In

Raniganj, the literacy rate is low, access to water supply is poor and average

calorie intake is low. Despite of having high average household income as well

as expenditure, excessive skewness in the income and expenditure distribution

has led to this situation.


50

Chapter 5 : Environment

5.1 Preamble

The Asansol Urban Area has been experiencing rapid urbanisation and

congestion. One of the major problems faced by the area is in the field of

Pollution. The industry profile of the area, the congestion and limited enforcement

has resulted in severe pollution. The Local Bodies realize this problem and are

actively considering steps to control the pollution in the area.

5.2 Background

Rapid urbanization can create enormous stresses on the natural environment.

These stresses extend far beyond the land that urban areas actually occupy to

affect the land that provides the resources to sustain urban life. Urban areas

claim the ecological output and life-support functions of both nearby areas and

distant regions. The growing rate of population in the townships of the Planning

area is a well example of effect of urbanization. Environmental impact of urban

areas is often invisible to urban residents themselves because the ecosystems

that support them may be far away. As urban areas expand, so does their

environmental impact.

Another reason that environment is under pressure from urban growth is that the

number of households has grown even faster than the population itself, reflecting

a trend to smaller families and thus a decline in the average number of people

per household. More households naturally require more housing units, which

increases the amount of land and materials needed for housing construction.

5.3 Urban Expansion & The Environmental Consequences

Industrial development often takes place without concern for the environment or

the living conditions of urban residents. The ULBs often tend to waive the few

regulatory controls that exist in order to promote industrial growth. The absence

of regulatory controls has contributed to tragic industrial accidents.


51

Economic growth, while on one hand provides jobs and improves living

standards for some, on the other hand often leaves others worse off and

contributes to urban environmental problems. As economic growth increases, so

does the amount of waste generated per person. In these areas the waste is

dumped in open sites, including wetlands, that are not able to contain seepage

into local waters, or it is incinerated without proper air pollution controls.

With the growing population density in these urban belt and steep growth in the population trend the ULBs are surely to face major challenges in maintaining the ecological balance and sustaining the development processes at the same time. The effect of this massive congestion has some distinct effects.

• Public Health : The quality of public life is as it is not up to the

desired standards and with this explosive growth situations can only

become worse. Unclean water, along with poor sanitation, air

pollution, heavy metals and other contaminants will cause

widespread health problems, which would not be within the

controlled limits.

• Food supply : The population has been growing faster than food

supplies. Population pressures have degraded some considerable

hectares of arable land in these areas.

• Freshwater : The supply of freshwater is an existing problem for this

planning area, which will only deteriorate with the population growth

if some considerable planned reforms are not implemented.

• Biodiversity :The earth's biological diversity is crucial to the

continued vitality of agriculture and medicine -- and perhaps even to

life on earth itself. Yet human activities are pushing many thousands

of plant and animal species into extinction. Two of every three

species is estimated to be in decline.

• Global climate change : The earth's surface is warming due to

greenhouse gas emissions, largely from burning fossil fuels. If the

global temperature rises as projected, sea levels would rise by

several meters, causing widespread flooding. Global warming could

also cause droughts and disrupt agriculture.


52

5.4 Situation Appraisal 5.4.1 Surface Water

The Damodar River receives industrial pollutants through two storm water drains-

NUNIA NALAH in the Asansol region and TAMLA NALAH in the Durgapur region

and also receives pollutants through some drains of different industry, such as

Bengal Paper Mill (Raniganj), Durgapur Steel Plant (Waria), and Iron and Steel

Co.(Burnpur).

The thermal power plants contributes to nearly 21,08,203 m3/day of wastewater

discharge and mine water about 0.2 to 0.5 million m3/day. The chemical

fertilizers applied in Damodar basin during 1983-84 registered a three-fold

increase over 1978-79 and is continuing. Due to the absence of proper sewage

system and treatment plants, the domestic wastes from almost all places find

their way to the Damodar River.

The riveraine stretch in the Asansol-Durgapur area receives discharge from the

three (Santaldih,Dishergarh and Durgapur) thermal power stations. The riveraine

stretch has two major steel plants namely Indian Iron and Steel Company

(IISCO) and Hindustan steels. It has been established that the iron and steel

industry contributes 55% of the particulate matter load while adding 16% to the

total industrial output. So, the effluent discharge from these diverse industries

adds much to the quality of the surface waters of this region.

The quality of river water in Damodar, in a 70 km stretch along the southern

boundary of ADDA is found contaminated with chemicals and heavy metals

including the conventional polluting parameters. In the entire stretch of the river,

heavy metals such as Chromium, Lead and Cadmium have been found

consistently higher than USEPA Aquatic Life Standard by about 5-40 times. It is

reported that the BOD5 level of river water is 2-3 times higher than the Indian

Standards to be maintained for using river water for drinking purposes with

conventional water treatment facilities. The results shows that Damodar river

water quality deteriorates as the river flows from Patratu of Bihar to Durgapur and

in all stretches the water quality is rated as highly polluted.


53

Table 5.1 : Analytical quality control exercise results on the river water quality

Sl No. Location TSS ppm

TVS ppm

DO ppm

1 Damodar u/s Panchet dam 20 10 5.6

2 Damodar d/s Panchet dam 30 12 7.2

3 Damodar u/s Santaldih power station 160 2822 5.8

4 Damodar u/s Bengal paper Mill 20 1.9 5.2

5 Nunia Nallah 1900 540 5.8

6 Damodar d/s Nunia Nallah 710 114 5.7

7 Damodar d/s Durgapur barrage 35 30 7.2

8 Tamla Nallah 625 226 5.7 Source : Feasibility Report of population Abadement of Damodar River, NEERI, 1994.

Table 5.2 : The number of pollutants exceeding its permissible limits in the river waters of Damodar around Durgapur barrage

River Stretch Total

Length (Km)

Number of pollutants exceeding USEPA

Standard

Exceedance Ratio

Durgapur Barrage : u/s 10 7 2.44 Times

Durgapur Barrage : d/s 10 6 2.63 Times Source : Environmental Management Plan for Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Corridor, Govt of

WB and WBPCB, 1997

5.4.2 Ground Water A range of groundwater pollution problems can be associated with mining

activities. The nature of the pollution depends on the materials being excavated

and extracted. Both surface and underground mines usually extend below the

water table and often dewatering is required to allow mining to proceed. The

water pumped either directly from the mine or from specially constructed bore

holes, may be highly mineralised and its usual characteristics include low pH

(down to pH 3) and high levels of iron, aluminium and sulphate. Disposal of this

mine drainage effluent to surface water or groundwater can cause serious

impacts on water quality for all uses. Pollution of groundwater can also result

from the leaching of mine tailings and from settling ponds and can, therefore, be

associated with both present and past mining activity.


54

It is observed from the ground water level monitoring in April 2000 of Bardhaman

district, the average depth of water level in alluvium area lies in the depth of 7-9

m below ground level. So, it is clear that the water level was too deep to reach

but still not lowered to an alarming level. In many areas, the ground water quality

is not within the acceptable limits making even well water unfit for drinking.

Table 5.3 : Drinking Water Problems and Percentage of People Affected

Corporation / Area

Problem % Population

Affected

Durgapur Lack of adequate supply of well water 50 %

Durgapur No Supply of Drinking Water 16.70%

Asansol Dependency on Contaminated well water 13.3%

Asansol Lack of adequate supply of water (< 90 Lpcd) 61.14% Source : Environmental Management plan for Asansol Durgapur Corridor, Govt of WB and WBPCB,

5.4.3 Air Pollution

The Asansol-Durgapur Planning Area is having a major potential threat for air

borne pollution, as it serves a couple of massive industries. It is known that

primarily from industrial process, airborne particulates exerts a significant

influence on atmospheric phenomena, plants, property and human and animal

health.

The direction of the wind most of the time is directed towards the populated area

resulting in the spreading of plumes and pollutants over the city. Hence dusty

and unhealthy environment prevails in the area. The exponential increase in the

number of vehicles and the corresponding vehicular traffic adds much to the air

and noise pollution scenario. The re-suspension of dust and suspended particles

were clearly visible along the roads. Being an industrial city, the heavy trucks

add much to the maximum vehicular pollution. It is felt that many of the

commercial and hiring vehicles may be using adulterated fuel which increases

the severity of pollution. At high concentrations, suspended particulate matter

poses health hazards to humans, particularly those susceptible to respiratory

illness.


55

The Asansol-Durgapur area has been declared by the Central Pollution Control

Board (CPCB) as one of the 22 critically polluted areas of the country. This

situation is aroused out of the widespread industrialization of the area without

adequate environmental considerations.

The pollutant concentrations in ambient air would be affected by various

meteorological factors such as wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, temperature

and relative humidity. Winter season is critical for air pollution level because of

the formation of temperature inversion. The climate of Durgapur and Asansol

area is humid and tropical. A hot and dry summer from March to May, a monsoon

or rainy season from June to September and a cool pleasant winter from October

to February characterize it. Rainfall is almost nil in Durgapur and Asansol during

winter. Temperature varies from 10 ºC to 32.5 ºC in Durgapur, while 9.5 ºC to 33

ºC in Asansol during winter. Air pollutant concentrations are higher in winter at

Durgapur and Asansol because of temperature inversion.

Fig 5.1 : Gaseous Pollutants

Gaseous Pollutants

050

100150200250300

SO2 Durgapur

SO2 Asansol

NO2 Durgapur

NO2 Asansol

Conc

entra

tion (

ug/m

3)

Series1

[

Source : IIT Report, 2006


56

Fig 5.2 : Particulate Pollutants

Particulate Pollutants

0100200300400500600700

PM10 Durgapur

PM10 Asansol

TSP Durgapur

TSP Asansol

Conc

entra

tion (

ug/m

3)

Series1

Source : IIT Report, 2006

5.5 Action plan

5.5.1 Water Pollution

Wastewater Treatment Raw sewage includes waste from sinks, toilets, and industrial processes.

Treatment of the sewage is required before it can be safely buried, used, or

released back into local water systems. In a treatment plant, the waste are need

to pass through a series of screens, chambers, and chemical processes to

reduce its bulk and toxicity. A program for Wastewater Treatment shall be

developed.

Optimized Application of Fertilizer Excessive application of fertilizers for agricultural development coupled with over-

irrigation intrusion due to excessive pumping of fresh water in coastal aquifers

are also responsible for ground water pollution. This will require substantial

amount of community awareness program.


57

Organized Discharge of Industrial Effluent In case of industrial units, effluent in most of the cases are discharged into pits,

open ground, or open unlined drains near the factories, thus allowing it to move

to low lying depressions resulting ground water pollution. The industries, which

are burgeoning at terrifying fast rate, daily, produce about 55000 million M3 of

wastewater per day, out of which 68.5 million M3 is discharged into river streams.

Thus the magnitude of damage caused to our water resources can be estimated

from the fact that about 70% of rivers and streams in India contain polluted water.

Public Participation Clearly, the problems associated with water pollution have the capabilities to

disrupt life on our planet to a great extent. But the government alone cannot

solve the entire problem. It is ultimately up to the citizen, to be informed,

responsible and involved when it comes to the problems they face with water.

Citizens must become familiar with the local water resources and learn about

ways for disposing harmful household wastes so they don’t end up in sewage

treatment plants that can’t handle them or landfills not designed to receive

hazardous materials. We must determine whether additional nutrients are

needed before fertilizers are applied, and look for alternatives where fertilizers

might run off into surface waters. We have to preserve existing trees and plant

new trees and shrubs to help prevent soil erosion and promote infiltration of

water into the soil. Around the houses, there must be litter, pet waste, leaves,

and grass clippings out of gutters and storm drains. These are just a few of the

many ways in which we, as humans, have the ability to combat water pollution.

As we head into the 21st century, awareness and education will most assuredly

continue to be the two most important ways to prevent water pollution. If these

measures are not taken and water pollution continues, life on earth will suffer

severely.


58

5.5.2 Air Pollution Strategies for Industry

Direct Measure

Air pollution prevention efforts of companies must be focused on both source and

waste reduction, and on reuse and recycling. Preventing air pollution within a

company's manufacturing processes remains the key approach. Cleaning and

processing, switch to non-polluting technologies and materials, reduced

generation of wastewater, converting hazardous by-products to non-threatening

forms, etc. must be attempted in this regard.

Indirect Measure Indirect air pollution prevention measures by companies also cover

transportation. Examples of such measures include: providing company

transportation to employees; offering commuting information and selling public

transit passes; and encouraging employees to carpool and use public

transportation. Companies have also initiated successful programmes such as

the use of bicycles to commute to work, telecommuting, and work-at-home etc. to

reduce pollution due to commuting.

Promotion of Clean Fuels Actively promoting the use of clean fuels through, support for alternative fuel and

safety training, establishment of a fuel adulteration testing center, and

commercialization of hydrogen technology as a fuel. Establishment of check post

for fuel adulteration center.

Compliance with Economic Legislation

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act provides for the control and

abatement of air pollution. It entrusts the power of enforcing this act to the CPCB

The Atomic Energy Act deals with the radioactive waste. The Motor Vehicles Act

states that all hazardous waste is to be properly packaged, labelled, and

transported. The Local Bodies shall step up strict enforcement drives. Of these

laws.


59

5.6 Urban Expansion & Susceptibility to natural disaster During the last decades, the world has experienced a significant increase of

human and economic losses caused by natural disasters. However, there exists

no consensus if the frequency and severity of these extreme events have also

increased due to, factors like climate change.

Vulnerability to disasters is a function of human behavior. It describes the degree

to which a socio-economic system is either susceptible or resilient to the impact

of natural hazards. This is determined by a number of factors such as awareness

of hazards, the condition of human settlements and infrastructure, public policy

and administration, the wealth of a given society and organized abilities in all

fields of disaster and risk management. It is also largely dependent on

development practices that do not take into account the susceptibility to natural

hazards. Risk reduction refers to activities taken to decrease both vulnerable

conditions and the causes of these hazards, especially those related to drought,

floods and landslides.

Rapid urban growth, in particular, when accompanied by the influx of huge

stream of poor unskilled migrants from rural areas is one of the main factors

contributing towards increased vulnerability to natural hazards in many parts of

the world. The accelerated, and uncontrolled, growth of these cities has

contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate areas, causing

deforestation and the inadequate use of land. In addition, the lack of appropriate

drainage systems and the excessive use of concrete and asphalt, which do not

absorb precipitation, increase the volume and speed of rainfall runoff, thus

making many cities more vulnerable to flash floods. Other factors contributing to

the vulnerability include: loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and

instability of slopes.


60

5.7 Preservation of Water Bodies 5.7.1 Background The growing population, as well as the economic development, experienced in

the Asansol Urban Region over recent decades has led to growing pressures on

the environment. Urban streams are used for several purposes. Some uses are

conflicting and some are complementary. The importance of the water bodies is

immense in these urban centers.

Water availability and quality are paramount issues with demand for water

exceeding supply. With a significant part of the population lacking adequate

sanitation, water-borne diseases are prevalent, including diarrhea, which kills

many children each year, the need for preserving the present water bodies has

become important. Moreover the economic development and demographic

growth are concentrated and thus the urban authorities face the challenge of

increasing and improving the provision of services. Thus the need for a holistic and integrated approach to manage and restore these bodies is recognized to ensure a better living.

List of important water bodies

Asansol Durgapur Jamuria Raniganj Kulti Chinnamasta

Pukur

Lokotank

Sagarbhanga

Lalsayar

Bidhannagar

City Centre

Lake-

.

Nandi

Gouranga

Bandh

Joba Bandh

Benali Bandh

Jhila Buadh

Sripur

Goswami

Bandh

Mondalpur Panrhe Pukur

Rajar Bandh

Bardoi

Bandh

Hati Bandh

Layak Bandh

Ashokpally

Municipal

Bandh

Pandit Bandh

Ronai Bandh

Vinod Bandh

Aldihi Sayer

Midhani Sayer

Jamugra Sayer

In addition to the above, the water contained in abandoned Open cast mines can be conserved using modern technologies and can be recycled for the use irrigation and household purpose


61

5.7.2 Action Plans

Water bodies’ Restoration:

• No garbage dumping should be permitted.

• Technique of improvement of water quality using aquatic plants

and fishes can be introduced where necessary in order to avoid

mosquito breeding.

• Grass plantation should be carried out along the perimeter of

water bodies in the immediate sloping catchments.

• Existing water bodies are to be widened to the extent possible

and deepened and nearby storm water drainage is to be used to

fill up the additional capacity thus created.

• Water bodies may be desilt and deepen with the assistance of

draglines machines

• No sewage should be diverted to water bodies in order to

maintain their water quality.

Conservation of Surface Water Resources:

Additional new storages are essential to renovate the existing tanks and water

bodies by desilting and repairs. The revival of traditional water storage

techniques and structures should be given a high priority.

Conservation of Ground Water Resources: Groundwater is an important component of hydrological cycle. It supports the

springs in hilly regions and the river flow of all peninsular rivers during the non-

monsoon period. For sustainability of water resources it is necessary to arrest the

ground water outflows by

• Construction of sub-surface dams

• Watershed management.

• Treatment of upstream areas for development of springs

Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection and storage of rainwater at

the surface or in sub-surface aquifers, before it is lost as surface runoff.


62

Protection of Water Quality: The rapid increase in the density of human

population in certain pockets of the country as a result of urbanization and

industrialization is making adverse impact on the quality of both surface and

ground water. Demand for water is increasing on one hand and on the other

hand the quantity of "utilizable water resources" is decreasing due to human

intervention in the form of pollution of fresh water. Thus the protection of existing

water resources from pollution is a very aspect of water conservation.

There is an urgentneed forconservation of waterbodies in order tocontrol the pollution.

To reduce the airpollution in thearea other greensources of powerlike solar energyneeds to beencouraged onpilot project basis.

Cleaning up of polluted Rivers, Lakes and Water Bodies Rivers, lakes and

ponds and other water bodies are the main sources of water on which civilization

grows and develops. National water bodies get polluted as a result of human

interference and unplanned developmental activities. The main reason for

pollution is discharge of domestic and municipal waste and also the industrial

waste. The cleaning up of these water bodies is of utmost importance to provide

water supply to the population on the one hand and on the other hand to

maintain the environment to the desired level. The action plans in this regard

areas follows: -

• To control and check the flow of pollutants to the rivers, lakes and ponds

through appropriate measures/action.

• Treatment of effluent till the appropriate standard before discharging into

the rivers.

• Proper maintenance and uninterrupted operation of the sewage

treatment plant

• System of incentive and dis-incentive for discharging pollutants /

untreated waste into the rivers.

• Adopting remedial measures in the particular river stretch where the

problem is acute;

• Adopting appropriate technology for removal of pollution from lakes and

reservoirs

• Declaring particular site/location as water heritage site and adoption by

different organizations / departments for maintaining the site.


63

5.7.3 Key Interventions

Asansol

Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Cost in crores

1 Improvement and maintenance of water bodies at Asansol 10

2 Air Quality Monitoring 2.00

3. Pilot Project for Solar/Biomass Power 11.00

4 Rain Water Harvesting 2.50

Total 25.50 Durgapur


1 Improvement of water body 7


Total 9.5

Raniganj


1 Prevention of Water Bodies, renovation and beautification of water bodies 13


Total 15.5


Chapter 6 : Vision & Perspective 6.1 Background For a holistic and an all round development, it is necessary to prepare an

integrated urban development plan for the Asansol-Durgapur Planning Area.

Else, isolated planning for individual urban complexes would lead to piecemeal

and skewed development. A perspective plan for Asansol Durgapur Planning

area, if efficiently and equitably managed, will trigger collateral development of its

adjoining hinterland mostly through ‘ trickling down effect’- which in turn will help

raise the level of over all welfare in this part of the region directly, and all over the

state indirectly.

It was therefore also felt that it was necessary to create a Vision for the Region.

In a process facilitated by IIT Kharagpur and taking into account further

discussions with various stakeholders a vision has been identified for the region,

along with identified sectors of development, perspectives and identified zones.

6.2 Vision for the Region The Asansol Development Planning Area would strive to bring about development by creating a balance between controlled and induced urban development, improve Inter and Intra-regional accessibility, provide essential infrastructure and universal access to civic amenities to its people and redefine the image of ADPA into a diverse multifaceted region with sector focus. To this end, the Area would concentrate on building up appropriate social and physical infrastructure development, carry out Institutional reform and capacity building and also Social Welfare with a focus on Gender equality, Poverty alleviation and Tribal affairs The area would concentrate on developing the various regions in the Area as focus centers in Mining, Trade and Commerce, Industry, Manufacturing, Educational, Ecological, Information Technology and Agro Industry.

A perspective plan forAsansol Durgapur Planningarea, if efficiently andequitably managed, willtrigger collateraldevelopment of its adjoininghinterland mostly through ‘trickling down effect’- whichin turn will help raise thelevel of over all welfare inthis part of the regiondirectly, and all over the

64

The Asansol Development Planning Area would strive to bring about development by creating a balance between controlled and induced urban development, improve Inter and Intra-regional accessibility, provide essential infrastructure and universal access to civic amenities to its people and redefine the image of ADPA into a diverse multifaceted region with sector focus.


65

6.3 Identified Sectors of Development

Keeping in mind the available resources, the City has identified the following as

the Key Sectors for Development:

Mining and Allied Industries.

Logistic Hub and Retail Commerce.

Agro-based and Forest Industries.

Education and Information Technology. Heritage and Eco-tourism

6.4 Regional Focus

Each of the regions has its own strengths. In order to fully leverage on the

individual strengths of the cities, it has been decided to identify each centers as

focus center in identified sectors of development. Accordingly, the focus centers

has been identified as follows:

Asansol as Trade and Commerce Destination Jamuria as Industrial Hub. Raniganj as Mining and Trade/Commerce centre Chittaranjan and Kulti as future dormitory towns for industrial

workers. Durgapur as Manufacturing & Educational Hub. Faridpur-Kanska as Ecological and Agro-based Industrial Hub.

6.5 Sector-wise Perspective

Individual Visions and perspective has now been drawn up for Physical and Social

Infrastructure, Economy, Demography and Land Use, Housing, Development

Institutions and Environment. These visions have been adopted in the various

sections of the Plan.


66

Fig

6.1

: Foc

used

Gro

wth

Cen

ters


67

6.6 Development and Adoption of Policies In order to implement the above agenda and to establish framework for planning

and management of the planning area, the following policies are being adopted:

To ensure that the infrastructure development and enforcement of regulation

is reviewed and designed to keep pace with the actual growth of cities;

To implement the three tier planning process consisting of Development

Authorities, Urban Local Government and Panchayat Samitis in

consonance with the 74th CAA;

To simplify statutory planning processes;

To increase Management Efficiency and Quality of Governance (Transparency & Efficiency, Accountability) by conducting continuous

performance audit & publishing annual reports;

To build financial management capacity by providing Training and Technical Assistance.

To facilitate the local institution with skilled manpower to enhance

decentralization of responsibility & power. (Capacity Building and Empowerment).

To build capacity at local levels through model code;

To enhance legislation and Legal System.

To expand the available Physical and Social Infrastructure;

To arrange Public Education & Awareness Generating programmes

(greater role of NGO’s & CBO’s);

A concerted effort shall be made to make the city enterprising by creating a business friendly environment.


68

An effective special planning framework shall be initiated in order to achieve

some of the following objectives:

Integrate environment, heritage conservation, economic, infrastructure &

disaster mitigation concern in planning process.

Facilitate optimum use of land through integration policies of various FSI,

introduction of TDR, Development Impact Fees and provision for change of

land use.

Development of planned communities or New Towns to offer high quality

residential & business environment;

Preparation of town planning schemes, land sharing techniques, transfer of

development rights to access land for housing;

To formulate adequate policy for redevelopment of degraded brown fields /

wasteland and densification.

Policy to encourage public private partnership for development and

management of new area development at strategic locations with good

connectivity and infrastructure.

To augment Institution, encourage stakeholders’ participation including

private sector, so as to facilitate realization of the Vision through proper

implementation and management.

6.7 Future Perspective for the Planning Area Besides the regional factors, the physical-environmental situation and geographic

trends inside the ADPA are of significance with regards to the future spatial

frame of development in ADPA. The following phenomena shall be considered in

future planning of the region.


69

The rate of growth of Asansol. Kulti and Raniganj have been

phenomenal in the last decade, whereas other urban and rural areas

has been growing slowly.

The population share in the Western segment is more (58%) than that of

in the Eastern segment in the whole of ADPA.

The blocks in the Northern periphery and Eastern periphery contain

more vacant land suitable for extensive development;

The Central segment having all of mining activities are not suitable for

any development;

The forest areas in the North-Eastern and North-Western periphery

needs to be protected to stop soil erosion;

Transport linkages across the N.H.-2 and rail link in the north-south

directions are week – affecting an easy dispersal of population and

adequate interaction between the towns on the;

Eastern segment and those on western segment;

There still exists large deficit in water supply, drainage, sewerage,

collector roads and other urban infrastructure in the urban centers of

ADPA. 8) Along with an uneven distribution of social infrastructure and

amenities like health, education etc, the overall deficits have sometimes

assumed a serious proportion particularly with respect to parks,

playgrounds recreational and tourism facilities;

One of the major imbalances in the existing structure of ADPA is the

unidirectional investment towards the development of the core sectors

mainly coal, steel & power neglecting ancillary functions with forward

and backward linkages;


70

The mere stagnation or slow growth of mining and industry sector has

given rise to unemployment among the literate youth and out migration

to the semi-skilled local workers;

The proposed future population distribution could be achieved more

rationally by dispersing the secondary & tertiary activities of new kinds;

It has been observed that, after a critical limit of population size (1 lakh

here) has been reached in a municipal corporation, the needed marginal

investment and operational cost of utilities and services increase. Hence

it would be wise to invest more out side the developed core, so that the

larger population could be served with a relatively smaller cost in future;

Provision for planned transport terminal facilities at convenient locations

for transfer of passenger and goods is overdue and thus needs

immediate attention by the concerned authorities;

Better results in the standard of living and other modern facilities could

be ensured in the new area developmental programmes for various

economic groups;

Control of environmental pollution, both air and water, should be

immediately addressed by the district authorities in consultation with

Pollution Control Board;

6.8 Future Development Zones Based on the above trends and situation in ADPA the entire region has been

divided into four zones viz : Eco-sensitive Zone, Extensive Development Zone,

Intensive Development Zone and Hazardous Zone.

Due to the presence of Reserve Forest on the east, the Kanska-Faridpur-

Durgapur block has been kept under the Eco-sensitive Zone, which will have

developmental interventions. The Pandebeswar, Jamuria Raniganj Blocks

occupying the central part of ADPA has been identified as Hazardous Zone due


71

to the presence of underground coal reserves and mining activities. The South-

east and North west of Durgapur, South-west and North-west of Asansol, parts of

Jamuria, Barabani Blocks have been identified as Zones of Extensive

development, which is likely to cater to the future development and housing need

significantly. Already developed areas of Durgapur Municipal Corporation,

Raniganj Municipal Corporation, Asansol Municipal Corporation, South-west of

Jamuria and parts of Salanpur Block are categorised as Intensive Development

Zones which are likely to experience re-densification.

Based on the above broad Zoning, future development plans and programmes

shall be formulated to give a balanced and holistic growth in the entire Asansol

Durgapur Planning Area.


72

Chapter 7 : Land Use and Availability 7.1 Background The Planning area consists of Asansol, Durgapur, Raniganj, Kulti and Jamuria. A

major concentration of Settlement is along the NH 2 and major roads. The

Eastern part of planning area is covered with dense forest. Looking at the

percentage share of the broad land uses from the map below, it is evident that

settlement area is about 22%, which is going to increase in the future because of

Industrialization. The mining area is about 22% of the planning area and forest

accommodates 6%.

Figure 7.1 : Land Use Map of Asansol, Jamuria, Ranigunj, Kulti and Durgapur

Jamuria

Raniganj

Durgapur

Kulti Asansol

Source : http://www.bardhaman.nic.in/

A major portion of Durgapur area is of Arable Land. In geography, arable land is

a form of agricultural land use, meaning land that can be (and is) used for

growing crops. This implied that a major portion of land in Durgapur is or can be

utilized for agriculture. A part of the Durgapur portion is of Urban Settlements i.e.

township. Small stretches of forest also lie in Durgapur. River Damodar

surrounds from the south.


73

Jamuria apart from mining, some portion bodies of the land is Arable Land used

for cropping. It also consists of water as River Ajoy in North surrounds it. An

insignificant stretch of land is township and market place.

Kulti is rich with coal reserves and hence main portion of the land consist of mines. Mining

here is an important activity. River Damodar in the west and South surrounds Kulti and

this helps a part of Kulti in growing crops.

Ranigunj consist of agricultural land and a part with urban settlement. Raniganj Coal field,

is the birth place of coal mining in the country. Agriculture here is important occupation.

River Damodar in the east surrounds Ranigunj.

7.2 Summary of Land Use

7.2.1 Asansol

Mining (2% of Land)

• Asansol has vast reserves of coal situated within the Corporation

area.

Railways (5% of Land)

• Asansol is an important division of Eastern Railway and an

important junction of South-Eastern Railway line.

Agriculture (25% of Land)Crops harvested mainly during the rainy

season due to lack of irrigational facilities

Industrial (9% of Land)All Industrial plants are located along the Shore

of Damodar River

• Some companies have a significant presence

• Indian Iron & Steel Company - the oldest ever Iron & Steel

Company in India, Burn Standard Company and Reckitt & Benkizer


74

Fig 7.2 : Utilization of Land in Asansol

Figure 8.2 Utilization of Land in Asansol

25%

2%

33%

26%

5% 9%

Agriculture

Mining

Other UrbanFunctionalityVacant

Railway

Industrial

Source : http://www.bardhaman.nic.in/ 7.2.2 Kulti Fig 7.3 : Land Use Break-up of Kulti Region

Figure 8.3 Land Use Break-up of Kulti Region

45

15

17

3

2

5

103

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Public Semi -public

Recreational

Transportation Source : http://www.bardhaman.nic.in/

The following are the land use break up of Kulti Region.

• Residential (45%)

• Commercial (15%)


75

• Industrial (17%)

• Public Semi Public (3%)

• Recreational (2%)

• Transportation (5%)

• Agricultural and Water Bodies (10%)

• Special Area (3%)

7.2.3 Raniganj

Fig 7.4 : Land Use Break-up of Ranigunj Region

Figure 8.4 Land Use Break-up of Ranigunj Region

60

5

26

0.51.41214.09

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Public Semi -publicRecreational

Transportation

Agricultural andWater BodiesSpecial Area

Source : http://www.bardhaman.nic.in/

The following are the land uses breaks up of Kulti Region.

• Residential (60%)

• Commercial (5%)

• Industrial (26%)

• Public Semi Public (0.5%)

• Recreational (1.41%)

• Transportation (2%)

• Agricultural and Water Bodies (1%)

• Special Area (4.09%)


76

Figu

re 7

.5 :

Lan

d U

se M

ap o

f Asa

nsol

, Jam

uria

, Ran

igan

j, K

ulti

and

Dur

gapu

r.


77

Figu

re 7

.6 :

Indu

strie

s an

d C

ollie

ry M

ap o

f Asa

nsol

, Jam

uria

, Ran

igan

j, K

ulti

and

Dur

gapu

r


78

7.3 Summary

Region Particulars

Asansol Industries are mostly concentrated in the North western region and the coiliaries are majorly seen in the Eastern part

Durgapur Durgapur is the hub of all the manufacturing unit that have flourished over the decade. However there is no Coiliaries in this region

Ranigunj

This region is rich with coal reserves and hence main portion of the land consist of Mines. Throughout this region there are mines. However Raniganj has very few Industries in the South.

Jamuria Jamuria region has no Industries, but the entire region has colliery.

Kulti Northern and Central part of Kulti is industrialized and colliery is found in the South west part.


79

Chapter 8 : Water 8.1 Vision

The City aims at providing safe and sustainable water to all its citizens at a competitive and affordable price with the ultimate goal of reaching a 24/7 situation in a phased manner within the scheme period.

8.2 Background Water Supply is directly related to the main themes in the development agenda –

poverty alleviation, environment protection, private sector-led growth,

participatory development and good governance.

The growth process and expansion of economic activities inevitably lead to

increasing demands for water for diverse purposes of which drinking and

domestic need attains paramount importance. However this essential commodity

for sustenance of life is not adequately available to a large number of people

especially in rural and even a part of urban settlements. Domestic and industrial

water needs have largely been concentrated in or around the principal cities but

with steep population hike, demand for water is increasing with a super fast pace.

As a result the water, which has already become a scarce resource is certainly

going to become scarcer in future.

Water Supply is directly related to the main themes in the development agenda – poverty alleviation, environment protection, private sector-led growth, participatory development and good governance.

Water quality deterioration has also seriously set in and maintaining water quality

is a foremost requirement. It is one of the most crucial element in developmental

planning. Efforts to develop, conserve, utilize and manage this immensely

important resource have to be whole-heartedly made keeping the National

perspectives in view. At the same time a strong data base needs to be

developed to monitor and integrate the water based development with other

important activities like urban/city planning, industrial planning and development,

etc. Serious wastage of water in city/urban areas, water wastage in piped water

supply due to transmission loss and wastage by public, are the problems which

also will have to be addressed with all seriousness and appreciated by city

planners, administrators, public health engineers and also by individual. People


80

should be made aware of Water conservation practices to save each and every

drop of this costly commodity that has no substitute. The City recognizes the

importance of providing safe and adequate water to each and every individual in

the region and shall strive to provide the same to each of its citizen across the

region.

8.3 Situation Appraisal

8.3.1 Overall Background

Lack of safe water supply poses high risk to public health throughout the region.

Over 70% of people living in the three largest towns of the region do not have

access to sufficient amount of readily available water or are using water from a

contaminated source. Water supply and sanitation utilities in the region face a

particular resource problem as a result of pollution of surface water with toxic

chemicals from industrial discharges and from lactates from abandoned mine

tailings.

There are two predominant activities in the study area, namely Mining and Industrial activities. These activities are going on without desired restriction and

norms stipulated by Environmental Law.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Jamuria Kulti Asansol Raniganj DurgapurAr e a

Num

ber o

f Hou

seho

lds

HH Tap HandpumpTubew ell Well Tank, Pond, LakeRive/Canal Spring Other

Fig 8.1 : Sources of Drinking Water

Lack of safe watersupply poses highrisk to public healththroughout theregion. Over 70% ofpeople living in theregion do not accessto safe water.



81

The water supply in the study area is through surface water and mainly

dependent upon Damodar and Ajoy rivers and also from collector wells from the

riverbed of Damodar. Therefore maintaining the quality of Damodar river water is

a major and vulnerable issue. However the reality is excessive pollution level of

Damodar River due to toxic discharge from industrial effluents. The quality of

water has gone bad to worse and may soon attain such a level when water

supply from it even after treatment may not be advisable for drinking/domestic

use. Therefore a comprehensive study on worst impact of mining and industrial

activities on water supply from Damodar River will be absolutely essential. A

strategy for supply of safe drinking water to urban population should be

formulated for early implementation.

A comprehensive studyon worst impact ofmining and industrialactivities on watersupply from DamodarRiver will be absolutelyessential.

Large-scale mining activities have caused serious ground water depletion and its

quality impairment in the area under study. This may create a very serious stress

on water availability and supply. Here, the entire dependence for water supply is

on surface water and that too, is being transported from far off places. For

example, water supply to Raniganj Municipal area is being maintained by PHE,

Asansol It may cause heavy water transmission losses as well as many fold

enhancements in transportation and maintenance cost. There may also be

possibility of hazard like land subsidence which is a serious environmental

degradation.

The discarded mining areas are also not handed over by Central Government to

State Government and in turn, to local bodies. These need to be resolved as

State Government can use these lands very well for development purpose.

There is unplanned growth to urban settlements, which in turn generates serious

problems to water supply and sanitation. To tackle this situation, a roll out plan

needs to be prepared and followed as per the directive issued from time to time

by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India and local Authorities

have to ensure the implementation of these directives suitably and methodically.

Mostly figure on water availability in the study area for agricultural purpose is not

available and it has also been observed that the agricultural activities here are by


82

and large neglected. There is only one cropping through out the year. This

projects a grim picture, as lot of agricultural land is available without much use

and non-utility of crop production potential. It is believed that water demand for

agricultural purpose is basically ground water dependent. But the ground water

withdrawal figure is not available in District Municipalities and other offices. The

figure regarding the component of water supply for various usages, by surface

and ground water are also not available separately. These figures will be

essential for any management action to be taken up for the purpose of water

supply and sanitation.

Map

8.1

: Pr

ofile

of R

iver

s in

the

Are

a


8.3.2 Gap Analysis of Drinking Water 8.3.2.1 Durgapur

The only major source of organized water supply for Durgapur is the Damodar

River. Limited Ground Water is also available. Both the Domestic and Industrial

requirements of the area are met from the water reservoir adjacent to the

Durgapur Barrage on River Damodar.

The capacity of the existing water treatment plant is 14 MGD. However at

present only 7 MGD has been commissioned and the balance 7 MGD is

expected to commence operations shortly. The water is supplied to public at the

rate of 70 lpcd intermittently from 8 am to 9am and from 4.30 pm to 5.30 pm for

domestic. Water supply for industries is made from 8 am to 3 pm.

The hospital and the local health center records indicate that about 20% to 30%

of the population in Durgapur suffers from water related health diseases. Nearly

37% of people in Durgapur are suffering with problems of inadequate water

supply. The Graph 9.8 below indicates different sources of water supply to

population in Durgapur. It is alarming to note that about 39% of the population

does not have access to public water supply.

Fig 8.3 : Water Demand & Supply Gap in Durgapur

14 14 141414

22.8922

34.1409

30.4564

13.9104

16.1176

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1991 2001 2011 2021 2025

Water supply in MGD at present capacity Projected Demand

Only around 50% of

population is fed with tap

water. Others are

depending on tube wells

or community wells. No

organized water supply

system was available for

3 lakh people out of a

population of 4.75 lacs in

1995 and unless drastic

steps are taken this is

predicted to reach 4.6

lacs out of a projected

6.17 lacs population as

on 2010 as per official

records. Ground water

availability in the area is

not very encouraging as

reported by the water

supply agencies.

Requirement for9 MGD capacityenhancement.
Gap: 9 MGD
83


84

8.3.2.2 Asansol Asansol is regarded as a drought prone area with low annual rainfall. The

capacity of land to retain water is limited due to underground mining. Hence there

is a shortage of ground water supply both for agriculture and drinking. The rural

water supply projects of Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) are

supplying tap water to several rural areas and villages. But, it is not covering all

mouzas of the rural area. Again, the PHED has also dug rig- bore tube wells for

supplying drinking water whose capacity is much limited due to depleting level of

ground water. It has been observed that the well-population ratio and rig/bore

well- population ratio is very serious in Asansol depicting the acute scarcity of

ground water.

Asansol is regarded asa drought prone areawith low annual rainfall.The capacity of land toretain water is limiteddue to undergroundmining. Hence there isa shortage of groundwater supply both foragriculture anddrinking.

The previous records of this area (as reported in ‘Drinking water resources in the

Rural Areas of Asansol Sub-Division’, ADDA, Asansol, 1988) show that over 600

people were using a few areas one well. As in Durgapur, the main problem facing

the people of Asansol is the inadequate and insufficient water supply. A

significant section of the population in Asansol is depending on well water and

tube well water for their entire domestic use. But in many areas, even the well

water samples have been found unfit for drinking purposes due to high

concentrations of nitrate and other pollutants.

Apart from well water, the population is also served with piped water supply

mainly through community street taps. A population of over 3 lakh uses this

facility, but they do not receive adequate quantity of water and are vulnerable to

health hazards. The hospital and the local health centre records suggest that

about 20-30% of the population suffers from water related health diseases as

similar to Durgapur.

As there are coal seams underneath this urban area, there is no reliable ground

water source for water supply. Also, the large scale pumping from abandoned

pits of Collieries is not allowed by Mining Authorities, in view of the presence of

pollutants and subsidence of the surrounding land. However masonry wells

(about 100 numbers up to 3m depth) and spot tube-wells (about 120 numbers up

to 6m depth) are also used as sources for providing water.


Fig 8.4 : Water Demand & Supply Gap in Asansol

7.00 7.007.00

22.56

24.78

17.84

15.53

8.56

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

1991 2001 2011Water supply in MGD at present capacity

Requirement for11 MGD capacityenhancement.

8.3.2.3 Other Regions

The present situation in the other regions is no bett

around 30-40% of population is served with tap wate

these areas have little or no ground water. The Num

low and they, practically dry up during summer seaso

Due to rapid industrialization, including mining a

population growth in Silpanchal area in all the inclu

very high and that too in a very unplanned manner.

Gap : 11 MGD

85

7.007.00

2021 2025Projected Demand

er. It is estimated that only

r. Due to intensive mining,

ber of tube wells are very

n.

ctivities in the area, the

ded districts have gone up


Fig 8.5 : Water Demand & Supply Gap in Raniganj

1.10 1.10 1.10

8.7716

8.0025

5.5613

3.6297

2.0252

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

1991 2001 2011Water supply in MGD at present capacity

Requirement for4.5 MGD capacityenhancement.

Fig 8.6 : Water Demand & Supply Gap in K

1.10 1.10 1.10

3.38

9.04

1

10.32

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

1991 2001 2011

Water supply in MGD at present capacity

Gap: 4.5 MGD

1.101.10

2021 2025Projected Demand

Requirement for9.5 MGD capacityenhancement.

ulti Municipality Region

1

13.15

2.27

20

Gap: 9.5 MGD

86

1.10.10

21 2025

Projected Demand


Fig 8.7 : Water Demand & Supply Gap in Jamuria

4.04

5.12

7.33

6.61

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

1991 2001 2011

Water Supply in MGD at present capacity

Requirement for5.12 MGDcapacity enhancement.

8.3.3 Insufficient Water Supply Schemes The distribution of water is not sufficient to meet the d

is a huge transmission loss as there are leakages

number of areas where the network of pipelines is

destination. Also there are few number of legal conn

the present population. In Asansol and Durgapur a

water in transmission because of old pipes, which

areas like Jamuria, Kulti and Ranigunj the number of

less as per the present demand.

Gap: 5.12 MGD

87

2021 2025

Projected Demand

emand and moreover there

in the pipelines and there

not sufficient to reach the

ections when compared to

reas there is huge loss of

have leakages all over. In

legal connections are very


88

8.3.4 Lack of Proper Operation and Maintenances Because of lack of Operation and Maintenance, there is huge loss of water in

transmission and the water treatment plant does not perform to optimum level of

efficiency. Moreover the leakages are not identified in time, so there is a loss of

revenue. While the ULB’s shall enhance the tariff base over a period time to

ensure that O&M is payable from the revenues, there is an immediate

requirement of O&M funds so as to ensure that the assets created under this

scheme are properly maintained.

Fig 8.8 : Water supply by various sources in Durgapur Township

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Private Tap Public StandPosts

Wells Others Not Supplied

Source

% o

f Pop

ulat

ion

Source : Cencus 2001

Figure 8.9 : Water Supply Asansol

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Tap(

own)

Tap(

com

m)

Tube

Wel

l(ow

n)

Tube

Wel

l)com

m)

Wel

l(ow

n)

wel

l(com

m)

Tank

Oth

ers

N.R

.

Source

% o

f Pop

ulat

ion

Source : Cencus 2001


89

Figure 8.10 : Water Supply Other Regions Water supply from different sources in other Regions

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Ta

p (

ow

n)

Ta

p (

co

mm

un

ity)

Tu

be

we

ll (o

wn

)

Tu

be

we

ll(co

mm

un

ity)

We

ll (o

wn

)

we

ll (c

om

mu

nity

)

Ta

nk

Oth

ers

N.R

.

pe

rce

nt

po

pu

lati

on

Source : Cencus 2001 It is evident from the above graph that substantial percentage of population does

not have access to individual tap connection and more over they have to depend

on community wells and public stand posts. There is immediate necessity of

increasing the number of water connections to the households. So there is an

immediate need for establishment of new water treatment plan and augmentation

of existing facilities.

8.4 Action Plans

The main objective of the Plan is to provide safe and sustainable water to the consumers in the region at an affordable price with an ultimate goal of reaching a 24/7 situation in a phased manner.

It will be thus the endeavor of the City to ensure that the people in the region

have access to efficient, responsive, and sustainable water and sanitation

services. In achieving the objectives, the City shall provide resources and

support to encourage and implement approaches that are people-centered,

market-based, and environment-friendly. Emphasis will be made on creating

facilities, which are self-sustaining.


90

The following components constitute the Proposed Plan:

8.4.1 Creation of Water Treatment Plants

The supply is insufficient to meet the basic drinking water demand and there is a

serious gap between demand and supply, as we proceed to our future. In order

to meet the current level of demand and as well as the future demand, examined

and identified new water treatment plant are necessary. At the same time other

sources of water from various regions needs to be identified.

8.4.2 New Water Supply Schemes for pipelines and taps

Construction of collector well, reservoir, overhauling and adding new pipelines to

the areas, which are presently not being served, and also to the areas where

there is a huge amount of transmission loss. The network to supply water should

be increased to cover all the required areas.

8.4.3 Operation and Maintenance

Operation and maintenance of water supply pipes and water treatment plant is

necessary to meet the future demand of water. All the above strategy will fail if

there is no proper operation and maintenance. All the pipelines leakages are

need to be identified to prevent loss of water. While the ULB’s shall enhance the

tariff base over a period time to ensure that O&M is payable from the revenues,

there is an immediate requirement of O&M funds so as to ensure that the assets

created under this scheme are properly maintained.

8.4.4 Augmentation of Water Availability People of the area are forced to experience shortage of water, for which they

have to depend partly on deep masonry wells, which unfortunately get dried up

during summer. Due to geological condition, ground water is scarce in the area.


91

The requirement will therefore be to improve ground water situation by (a)

utilizing ground water, pumped from Mining area and (b) adopting to artificial

recharge techniques. It will also need a thorough study on impact of mine

dewatering on ground water regime. It is an accepted fact that augmenting water

supply by ground water is more viable and cost effective with more the people

and less the public control.

Rain water harvesting will be implemented to preserve and conserve water from

other sources.

8.4.5 Capacity Building & Workshop A program and a series of definite measures would be drawn up to improve the

overall management performance of the existing agencies through capacity

building, induction of professional expertise, introduction of IT enabled tools, and

induction of HR techniques. In nutshell, approach has to be more scientifically

and technically oriented.

8.4.6 Reduction of Losses in Water Supply by Public Awareness

A series of workshops should be organized across the region to create public

awareness on the importance of water as a national resource and the severe

consequences of wasting and polluting of water.

Durgapur alone generates 1 crore 56 lakh and 40 thousand gallons of water

everyday from different resources out of which 15 per cent is lost while carrying

through pipelines and during the purification process. In the domestic areas, 40

lakh and 26 thousand gallons of water is wasted everyday. The losses are even

greater in the other regions.

Side by side there continues to be severe wastage of water particularly in the

Industrial hubs. This is likely to pose a serious threat in the region in the near

future. The state government, the Centre and the NGOs have been campaigning

to prevent wastage of water in the region.


92

Scope of recycle and reuse of water in industrial and urban settlements will have

to be properly understood and effected. The treated water can be suitably used

for domestic purposes like cleaning, washing, gardening , etc.

8.4.7 Sustainability The Water Connection Charges collected for private and bulk consumers at

Asansol is @Rs. 150 plus 25% of the Annual Valuation. Monthly Water Supply

Charges is presently levied only for bulk users @ Rs. 7/ KL and no monthly

charges are collected from private connections. The supply of water is measured

on an approximate basis based on the size of the pipe connection and hours of

water supply. The charges even lower in Durgapur and the other areas in the

region and do not cover the cost of the water. Urban Reform Incentive Fund

(URIF) has laid down the reform for levy of reasonable User Charges by ULBs

with the objective of recovering full cost of operation and maintenance by the end

of the 10th Five Year Plan. In order to create a self-sustaining cashflow stream

and to ensure viability of future projects, the following steps shall be taken:

• Rationalization of User charges so that revenues exceeds cash O&M

expenses over the period of the mission;

• Reach full cost recovery (O&M, depreciation and financing costs)

through a realistic and sequential approach through a combination of

efficiency gains and increased revenues;

• 100% metering of commercial and industrial users and different slab of

water charges need to be maintained. For drinking purposes the charges

have to be minimum and for industrial use the charges have to be

maximum;

• Water connection to be made a compulsory requirement for approval of

Building Plans

8.4.8 Affordability

• Reduce O&M Cost through a program of renovation and modernization

• Design a tariff structure that meets simplicity and equity criteria in

addition to financial objectives;


93

• Implement specific projects for supplying affordable water to the urban

poor. Poverty targeted projects shall be given due attention.

8.4.9 Improvement in Performance and Reliability: It is essential to improve the reliability of the Water Services. Apart from the

reliability the performance in Water Services must also be improved. It is this

performance and reliability which will bring confidence among the citizens and

which will make them to pay more.

8.4.10 Structured Public Private Participation Private Sector Participation is desirable in the PPP format in the sector so that

there is a balance between the risks and responsibilities between the

Government Agencies and the Private Sector.

In view of the same, Private Sector Participants shall be invited to leverage on

the following possible benefits:

• Reduction of involvements of Public finance or redirecting them to

the poor;

• Induction of greater technical and management expertise;

• Provision of a more responsive service to the customers;

• Sourcing of additional financing;

Initially outsourcing of Operation & Maintenances and some of the commercial

activities through Management Contracts to professional and reliable operator

shall be done This would greatly facilitate induction of technical and system

knowledge and pave the way for future larger private Sector Involvement. At the

same time it is recognized that while private investment and management shall

play, a growing role, the same must be coupled with a strong legal, contractual

and regulatory framework, which would be carried out simultaneously.


94

8.5 Steps Needed for Improving Ground Water Situation

1. Industrial growth should be effected in a planned manner and it will be

mandatory for the units to allow periodical monitoring of water quality

from nearby wells on a regular basis by agencies like SPB/PHE and

should be open for cross checking;

2. For ground water based industries, regular water level and quality

monitoring have to be made compulsory;

3. Rain water harvesting measures have to be adopted by all the industrial

establishments where the water level is not shallow;

4. The amount of water being pumped by Mining Industries will be known

and at the same time, ways and means of utilizing these pumped water

has to be enunciated and well planned. This is to safeguard the fast

depleting water level. The pumped water may be suitably used for

ground water recharge by artificial recharge techniques to improve

ground water level as well as its quality;

5. Survey and investigation, eg., surface geophysical surveys , are to be

deployed for suitable tube well citing and identifying the area where

artificial recharge structures can be located for effective augmentation to

ground water recharge;

6. For urban settlements, the drinking and domestic water supply is mostly

met by surface water and information about ground water availability and

quality is mostly scanty. Reducing dependence on surface water by

effecting ground Water availability may drastically reduce water supply

cost and associated expenditure towards maintenance.

8.5.1 Legal Issues

Albeit Vague in a true sense, legal issues associated with water supply

and management are highly pertinent and be defined in a manner that

major problems can be brought under the domain of legality. For

example, in many States, in building byelaws, rainwater harvesting has

been made compulsory to pass the building plan. In cities like Bhopal,

6% exemption as incentive is given to registration of house property if

rainwater-harvesting plan is submitted. For approving construction of any

large scale establishment, condition associated with water availability


95

should be assessed and the condition has to be included in building bye

laws. Urban area in no case should be extended to be in proximity of

industrial establishment. There are several such issues and in depth

study and deliberation will be needed in this regard forthwith.

The respective Urban Local Bodies in the area will workout a framework

to address the legal issues.

8.5.2 Key Interventions

Asansol

Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Component Cost in crores

1 New Water Supply Scheme (10MGD) for added areas

Construction of Collector Well, Rising main Reservoir, Distribution Network.

60.00

2 Augmentation of existing Water Supply Scheme at Asansol and proposed scheme

Change of all pipes, construction of reservoir, CWR etc.

20.00

3 Operation & Maintenance of existing and new Water Supply Scheme

Pipeline, Pumps and Machinery 10.00

4 Collecting of data and study on ground water condition

Geophysical survey and investigation. 1.25

5 Community awareness project for all region Awareness 0.12

Total 91.37


96

Jamuria


1 Water Supply Scheme at Jamuria area (5MGD) 36.00

2 Augmentation of water supply scheme of Jamuria municipality including Industrial Demand Phase –2

Collector Well, 3 nos Substation pump house. 17.62



4 Community awareness project for all region Awareness 0.12

Total 54.49

Durgapur

Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Component Cost in

crores

1 Phase-2 of Durgapur Water Supply Scheme of 7 MGD

1) RCC 1 lakh gallon O.H. Tank with staging height 20 meter,2) Pipe 400m , Dia distribution main & rising main

28.00

2 Arrangement of supplying drinking water from Piyala Pumping Stn. To Ward No.1 & 2

Construction of Reservoir, Cost pipes, CWR etc. 4.50

3 Drinking water, distribution line, rising main, overhead tank at Sagarbhanga (2lakh Gallon)

3.00

4 Construction of Overhead Tank at Bidhannagar with ancillary pipelines.

1.00



Community awareness project for all rigion Awareness 0.12

Total 38.12


97

Raniganj


1 Water Supply Scheme at Raniganj area (6 MGD) 25.00



3 Community Awareness project for all region Awareness 0.12

Total 25.87

Kulti

Sl No Mission Components Cost (in crores)

1 Water Supply Scheme at Kulti Area (5 MGD) 78.65

2 Construction of small overhead reservoir including pumps, pipe, pipelines and project house at different sites of Kulti municipality Capacity –50 lakhs gallon, stage height –40 feet

14.00

3 Water supply projects at Manikeswar, Ward No-11 3.00

4 Water supply projects at Sitalpur, Ward No-16 3.00

5 Sinking of Rig-Bore tube wells at different site of Kulti Municipality. 1.20

6 Construction of underground reservoir for rainwater harvesting including pumping arrangements. 5.00

7 Collecting of data and study on ground water condition 0.75

8 Community awareness project for all rigion 0.12

Total 105.72


98

Chapter 9 : Sanitation & Drainage 9.1 Vision Provision of universal access to hygienic conditions of sanitation & drainage to all it’s citizen with a particular focus on provision of safe sanitation to the urban poor through accessible household and community models.

9.2 Background National Master Plan of India (1983) suggested standards for physical level of

sanitation services according to population of urban and rural centers. For

sanitation, it is envisaged to achieve 100% of population coverage for Class I

urban areas (population 1 lac and above), 80% of population coverage in other

urban centers with provision for sewerage, sewage treatment facilities and low

cost sanitation methods. However the shortfall in achieving the target is

significant. According to projection of Census of India 2001, only 73.7% of the

urban population has access to latrine facilities of various types and it is

estimated that by the year 2025, more than 50% of the country’s population will

settle in urban areas when issue related to sanitation in urban areas will assume

a very serious dimension. Needless will be to mention, sanitation has a close and

direct link with environment, water supply and its cleanliness, health and hygiene.

The problem of sanitation, associated with steep influx of population in urban

areas, therefore needs to be addressed forth with, debated and deliberated at

length, by the policy planners for the development of urban/city areas. The

capital-intensive nature of sewerage system has put many roadblocks in urban

planning primarily due to weak financial positions of most of the ULBs.


99

9.3 Situation Appraisal for Sanitation 9.3.1 Durgapur

Various industrial townships in Durgapur have their own satisfactory sewerage

system. However, the township constitutes only 17.5% of the total area of

Durgapur. The remaining area in majority does not have any sewerage system.

Fig 9.1 : Usage of Different Modes of Sanitation in Durgapur Region

sew

erag

e sy

stem

sept

ic ta

nk

serv

ice

priv

y

open

fiel

d

N.R

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Popu

latio

n

Source : Report by ADPA 2000-2001 Graph 10.1 shows different modes of sanitation in Durgapur Region. It may be

observed from the graph that only 18% of people are having toilets facilities,

connected with sewerage system and 31% of people have toilets with septic

tank. 30% of people are still forced to use open defecation, which needs to be

addressed on a priority basis.

There is no systematic drainage system available in Durgapur. The sewage from

septic tanks goes directly into the open drain. Also the garbage is dumped just by

the side of the drainage system, which leads to loss of flowing capacity of the

drains. This ultimately makes the surroundings unclean, unhygienic and

conducive to various diseases.


100

Areas from DSP Lagoon to Tamla Nullah, DSP Link Road, from Amrai, Kandeswar to Tamla Nullah, Amrai, Kandeswar to Tamla Nullah are been

identified which are suffering from serious drainage disorders. An action plan on

a priority basis needs to be carried out.

9.3.2 Asansol The sanitation and drainage system available in Asansol are much worse than

Durgapur. Asansol including the urban areas do not have any proper

underground sewerage system. In Asansol proper, the septic tanks, which are in

use, do not have proper soak pits and as a result, the sewage flows through the

surface drain, causing unhygienic and unclean surroundings.

Fig 9.2 : Usage of Different Modes of Sanitation in Asansol Region

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

seweragesystem

septictank

serviceprivy

open field N.R Pit other

perc

ent p

opul

atio

n

Source : Report by ADPA 2000-2001

As indicated in the Graph 10.2 above, around 58% of the populations have toilet

facilities, connected to septic tank sewerage system. Around 25% of people are

still forced to use open defecation, which is also an area of concern. With

increasing urbanisation and consequent congestion, it is becoming more and

more difficult to provide space for creation of septic tanks and soak pit system.


101

Drainage system around Asansol is not good. With dumping of waste and

sewage from the septic tank, the natural flow of the drainage system has been

lost. The alignments, which have been made permanent during the development

of the city, are laid along the natural drainage course, which ends up in natural

watercourses like Numia and, ultimately to Damodar River.

Certain areas in Asansol has been identified which face drainage disorder. These

areas include Borough-I, Borough–II, Borough-III, Borough-IV, Borough- V.

The above areas need an urgent action.

9.3.3 Raniganj

The sanitation and drainage system is well below the standard of a town of the

stature of Raniganj should have. Scientific sewerage system in this town is

absent. The region faces the same situation as other 3 regions are facing.

Drainage on household level is strongly neglected. Another important issue is the

inadequate use of the drainage network. Many people use drainage channels as

dumping place for their solid waste. This solid waste often blocks the channels,

which leads to local overflows. Thus, improving solid waste management may

mitigate problems of flood due to blockage. The drainage problem cannot be

solved without solving the solid waste problem and needs to be integrated with

the same.

9.3.4 Jamuria

The Sanitation system available here is no different than that in Asansol and

Durgapur Area. No scientific methods of sanitation and sewerage exist here.

Though Jamuria municipality is much smaller as compared to Durgapur &

Asansol, unless and until something major is done to upgrade the present

situation of sanitation and drainage, the people in the region are likely to suffer

with health problems. As far as drainage system is concerned, Pakka drainage

covers 25 Kms of the total area and Kaccha drainage cover about 50 Kms of the

area. It has been observed that most part of the Ranigunj region is affected by

serious drainage disorder.


102

9.3.5 Kulti

Kulti is very backward in terms of Sanitation and Drainage system compared to

other towns. A major problem, which this city face is of water logging. Frequent

water logging after heavy rain is faced because of poor drainage facility. Major

part of the streets and roads faces water logging. Investment is needed to

upgrade the present sanitation and drainage system. Most of the areas have

inadequate drainage facilities. The areas which are identified to have inadequate

drainage facility are from Dhemo Mein village to Bulu Taloo, from Salanpur More to Bhandra More, from B.N.R. Kulti to L. C More, Bisnu Priya colony,

Bisnubihar colony, from Neamtapur More to Bhukania Petrol Pump, from

Bhukania Petrol Pump to lime factory, Disergarh Post office to River side,

Neamatpur New road to G.T road East Petrol Pump, Gangutia road, Bhandra village from Salanpur More to Hari Mandir, Bhaladi, Bidyanandapur, Sanctoria colony, Moylagada, Jasaidih Bouri Para, Borira, Sabanpur Lachmanpur and

Chalbalpur, Kultora Neamatapur, Chinakuri, Chapraid Goyalapara and

Bouripara, Akhanbagan, Old Sitarampur and Beluni.

9.3.6 Availability of different types of Latrine Facility Graphs 10.3 and 10.4 show various types of Latrines available at all the five

cities namely Asansol, Durgapur, Jamuria, Kulti and Ranigunj. Latrine types

are divided into 4 categories i.e. Pit Latrine, Water Closet, Other Latrine and No

Latrine. Durgapur has the highest number of households using Water Closet,

which accounts to 54% whereas about 28% of the households do not have any

latrine. The situation is more or less same in Asansol where 58% of household

use Water Closet and 24% do not use any Latrine facility. Latrine facility at Kulti and Ranigunj are very bad as only 35% and 40% respectively, of the household

use Water Closet and 49% and 47% respectively, of households do not use any

Latrine. The situation is worst in Jamuria where about 64% of household do not

have any Latrine facility and only 28% use Water Closet. One important fact to

be noticed here is number of household which use Pit Latrine or Other type of

Latrine and very low in all the five cities.


103

Fig 9.3 : Types of Laterine

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Jamuria Kulti Asansol Ranigunj Durgapur

% o

f Hou

seho

lds

Pit Laterine

Water Closet

Other Latrine

No Latrine


9.3.7 Different Types of Drains Available to Percent of Total Households The segregation of type of drainage system in cities like Asansol, Durgapur,

Jamuria, Kulti and Ranigunj regions will be dealt now. Drainage type in these

five cities are classified into three categories viz, Closed Drainage, Open

Drainage and No Drainage.

A graphical presentation has been made in Figure 10.4 below. Asansol in

comparison to other areas, has the highest number of households using open

drainage, which accounts to 57268 (72% of total house holds).


104

Figure 9.5 : Different types of drains available to total house holds

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80pe

rcen

t of H

ouse

hol

ds

Closed Drain 3 5 17 12 34

Open drain 52 64 72 51 36

No Drain 45 30 11 37 30

Jamuria Kulti Asansol Ranigunj Durgapur

Source : Report by ADPA 2000-2001 It may be seen, in Asansol, around 72% of the households use Open Drainage

and about 17% use Close Drainage whereas the 11% of households does not

have drainage. The situation is worse in Durgapur when compared with Asansol

as about 30% of the households in Durgapur use no drainage and only 34% and

36% of households respectively use closed and open drainage. Detailed study in

the city of Kulti reveals that percentage of household using the closed, open and

no drainage are 6%, 64% and 30% respectively. Ranigunj area is far better

compared to Kulti as 12% of household use closed drainage and 51 % use open

drainage where as about 37% has no drainage. Jamuria is the worst in condition

as 45% of household has no drainage and 52% use open drainage and only a

marginally 3% use closed drainage.


105

9.4 Action Plan & Strategic Options

9.4.1 Sewage System Considering the topographical and hydrological features of the area, it is

proposed to develop a separate Sewage System. The storm and surface water

alongwith the treated effluents from the industries within the disposal norms of

the Pollution Control Board shall be carried out through Underground

Pipes/Surface Drains and Canals and disposed into the river. The domestic

sewage from the residential and industrial units shall be carried through

underground pipe sewers and shall be pumped to the Sewerage Treatment

Plants. After treatment, final effluent shall be disposed into the river. The action

plan has been tabulated below as Table 9.1 Table 9.1

S. No Strategy Short-term

(1-2 Years) Medium-term

(2-5 Years) Long-term (5-10 Years)

1 Upgrade sewerage collection and treatment and use of reclaimed sewage for recycle

Sewage Collection: Improve collection efficiency of sewage so that water resources are available. New STP’S: Construct new sewage treatment plant for sewage treatment

Sewerage Coverage: Extend Coverage to unsewered area Upgrade Existing STP’s: Improve quality of treated sewage from the existing sewage treatment plants, the output of which can go as input for tertiary treatment required for recycling

Tertiary Treatment: Recycle sewerage with appropriate technology considering end uses. Ground Water Recharge: Use appropriate technology for ground water recharge by reclaimed sewage.


106

9.4.2 Drainage System Considering that there is virtually no systematic drainage system, it is felt

necessary for each city to draw up an integrated drainage and sewerage system

for the entire area. Accordingly it will be the endeavors of the city to design and

implement an integrated system on a phase wise basis. The drainage system

will be set up initially in Asansol and Durgapur and then extended to the other

areas of the region. The drainage plan shall be worked out on the basis of

Master Plan, GIS, Land Use & Control Plan and the existing Drainage Channels.

Generally, drains shall be provided along the existing roads, existing rails and

proposed roads and rails. The cost of the Integrated Drainage System shall be

worked out through Detailed Studies and Assessment and will be taken up for

implementation thereafter.

However, the present situation merits urgent attention and requires

implementation of immediate improvement schemes. In view of the same,

immediate action plans have been worked out for implementation.

It is proposed to run a major drainage improvement program across the Asansol

and Durgapur Areas. Areas like Borough-I, Borough–II, Borough-III, Borough-IV,

Borough- V, Sagarbhanga col.vill in Asansol needs an immediate action plan for

the drainage system. Areas from DSP Lagoon to Tamla Nullah, DSP Link Road,

from Amrai, Kandeswar to Tamla Nullah, Amrai, Kandeswar to Tamla Nullah also

needs an immediate action plan for the drainage system. In the same way

various areas, which need an attention on a priority basis, have been identified in

Ranigunj, Jamuria and Kulti and an immediate plan for drainage need to carry

out. The envisaged scheme at such places includes connecting the drainage

points to existing lagoons as well as creation of new outfall drains. It is also

noted that one of the major factors affecting the drainage system is inadequate

solid waste management system. With the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Systems, some of the major impediments in the drainage system

including chocking of channels shall be also resolved. The schemes have been

designed on the basis of providing immediate relief to the acute problems being

faced by the urban population and will be joined with the Integrated Drainage System for implementation in due course


107

9.5 Schemes & Programs

Drainage Scheme

Component Cost (in crore)

1 Improvement of Major Drains (resectioning with cover on top)

Brick, Cement and RCC works 21.11

2 Improvement of Internal Drain at Borough-I, Borough–II, Borough-III, Borough-IV, Borough- V

-DO- 44.00

Total 65.11

PPP in Sewerage Sector

Willingness of private participation is entirely dependent on the financial viability of the

infrastructure projects. In sewerage projects, the tariff prices charged from the users are

negligible compared to the expenditures incurred. With the present rules, regulations, and

absence of market determined price/tariff structure in particular; the probability of attracting

private participation would remain very small. In these sectors it is important to demonstrate a

success of individual projects. In view of this it is proposed to develop initially one Sewage

Treatment Plant on a PPP Basis.

The operator shall expect to make capital investment for the treatment plant and recover it

over a period of 14 years. Costs will be recovered through a combination of sewerage tax,

sewerage charge, connection charge, general revenues and Government Support. The needs

of lower income groups can be taken care of by working out an innovative cross-subsidy

structure based on subsidy (i) from one income group to another, (ii) from one land use to

another, and (iii) from one account to another.

9.5.1 Asansol

SI. No Name of the Scheme


108

Sewerage Scheme S.I No Name of the Scheme Component Cost

(in crore)

1 Development for sewerage system at Bazar area, Railpar area, Shanti Nagar, Subhaspally, KSTP & Hirapur

Laying of pipes, treatment plant etc. 100

Total 100 9.5.2 Durgapur Drainage Scheme

S.I No Name of the Scheme Component Cost

(in crore)

1 Construction of drain from DSP Lagoon to Tamla Nullah via Dhunea Drain Culvert STP 3.12

2 Both side Drain at DSP Link Road -DO- 3.25

3 Outfall drain from Amrai, Kandeswar to Tamla Nullah -DO- 3.2

4 Outfall drain through Trunk road SBSTC RE College Byepass -DO- 2.05

5 Construction of Outfall drain at Amrabati from J.L avenue to CRPF camp -DO- 0.8

6 Outfall drain from Mahalaxmi part steel park to sankarkipur Kunur Nullah DO 1.25

7 Outfall drain at Sagarbhanga col.vill, via craphite to Rly Culvert Do 1.75

8 Construction of 1MGD Sewerage Treatment Plant at Sankarpur Village near Bidhannagar

Activated sludge treatment plant, 1000mm. Dia RCC hume pipe (WP-2), sewerage line – 1 K.M

3

Total 18.42


109

Sewerage Scheme


(in crore)

1 Underground Sewerage System at Raidanga, Rly. Station Shramik Nagar, Sukumar Nagar etc.


24

2 Construction of 0.5 MGD Sewerage treatment plant on ADDA land near Muchipara, within DMC area.


1.7

3 Development for sewerage sysytem of Benachity

Activated Sludge treatment plan, 600 40

Total 65.7 9.5.3 Raniganj : Drainage Scheme :


(in crore) 1 Integrated Drainage System*

* Drainage Master Plan is Under Preperation. Sewerage Scheme:


(in crore)

1 Construction of 6 MGD sewerage treatment plant at Raniganj including termidiate boosting pumping station and trunk sewerage lines (3.5 K.M)


7.5

2 Construction of Minor Sewerage lines from individual residents at Raniganj


0.5

Total 8


110

9.5.4 Jamuria Drainage Scheme


(in crore)

1

Resectioning of main outfall and court of hume pipes drain including manholes, box drain, RCC culvert at ward-22 subhash pally

Do 2.2

2 Construction of both side main drain from Jamuria petrol pump to Akalpur bridge, Ward no-5

1.2 km Drain 0.216

3 Construction of main drain from cinema more to Damodarpur village, ward no-7

0.80 km Drain 0.144

4 Construction of cover slab over main drain of Jamuria Bazaar area, Word no-3, 4 & 7

1.60 km cover slab 0.1488

5 Construction of cover slab over main drain of from Nandi more to town hall, Word no-7


6 Construction of main drain both side of feeder road no-5 at Mondalpur, village area, ward no - 8


7 Constructions of main drain both side of feeder road no-14 at Chanda village area.


8* Construction of Drain & const. of road at Ward No – 01 to 22 98.8 Km of drain 42.1368

Total 45.413 • Included in is the road component, the project being prepared under an

integrated scheme.

Sewerage Scheme


(in crore) 1 Integratred Sewage System

* ** Master plan for sewerage under preparation


111

9.5.5 Kulti Drainage Scheme


(in crore)

1 Construction of High drain 13.65 km 4.07

2 Construction of Pucca drain 10.7 km 1.22

3 Improvement of drains at Chapraid Goyalapara and Bouripara 1 Km 0.1

4 Construction of drain at Akhanbagan, Old Sitarampur and Beluni 1 km 0.1

5 Storm water drains starting from Begunia More to the river side.(old G.T. Road) Starting from Manberia to Marowari vidyalaya up to river gate

0.22

Total 5.71 Sewerage Scheme


(in crore) Integrated Sewage System

* No Sewerage Schemes provided for Kulti region.


112

Chapter 10 : Transportation 10.1 Vision The City aims to provide to the people of the region a fully integrated pro-active

transport system and infrastructure which would optimally meet the articulated as

well as latent needs of mobility and passenger/freight transport for different strata

of the society, with the guarantee of safe, reliable, efficient and cost effective

multi-model mix. The system shall assist in decongestion and shall facilitate

removal of inequitable growth in the region by opening the backward centres for

trade and investment.

10.2 Background The Asansol Urban Area is experiencing rapid growth in urban population

triggered by substantial growth in trade and commerce. The growth has been

largely characterized by densification of the central core, ribbon development

along the main transportation corridor and inadequate internal link roads.

It is recognized that an efficient transport system is a prerequisite for a

sustainable economic development. It is not only the key infrastructural input for

the growth process but also plays a significant role in promoting social and

economic integration with the rest of the country, which is particularly important in

a large country like India. The transport system plays an important role of

promoting the development of the backward regions and integrating them with

the mainstream economy by opening them to trade and investment. In a

liberalized set- up, an efficient transport network becomes all the more important

in order to increase productivity and enhance the competitive efficiency of the

economy in the world market.

It is also well established that industrial development of any region substantially

depends on the transportation infrastructure, which will be made available. With a

limited road network with limited carriageway and the congestion it is becoming

more and more acute to satisfy the increasing traffic demand.


113

10.3 Status Appraisal

10.3.1 Consistent Growth High growth and dense population in and around the transport corridor

characterize the region.

There is no possibility of capacity augmentation by means of widening which

implies that decongestion needs to be done by shifting some of the conflicting

functions from GT road to some other areas.

10.3.2 Linkage to the Region The region is linked to Kolkata through National Highway 2 (NH 2) that is a part

of the Golden Quadrilateral. NH 2 connects Delhi and Kolkata.

NH-2 is the most important road link in the region. This link connects Asansol

Urban Conglomeration with Kolkata in the eastwards and Dhanbad in the

westwards direction. Most of the major urban settlements are located along the

alignment of this transportation corridor. This vital road link provides the east-

west connectivity in the ADPA region – whereas other road links provide north-

south connectivity.

NH-60 Extension (previously SH-5) aligned in north-south direction connects Suri

via Pandebeswar and meets NH-2 at Raniganj. In parallel alignment SH-9

connects Shantiniketan and meets NH-2 at Panagarh (at Darjeeling More). The

road link (north-south alignment) between Durgapur and Bankura is recently

named as NH-60 intending to provide connectivity between NH-2 and NH-6 as

well as to NH-5. Another road link between Bankura and Raniganj via Mejia

meets NH-2 near Panjabi More (Raniganj), it is an alternative link to the

Durgapur-Bankura road link providing connectivity to NH-2 and NH-6.


114

10.3.3 Key issues 10.3.3.1 Congestion of NH-2 (G T Road)

GT Road aligned in east – west direction parallel to the eastern rail line is the

primary arterial road of the Asansol urban area. All the major trip destinations are

located along this link. To reduce congestion in this link, NH bypass has been

constructed in the northern periphery of Asansol Urban Area. The town level auto

rickshaw stand and taxi stand are also located along this arterial. At some

locations on-street parking is provided for two-wheelers and four wheelers. All

these factors act cumulatively during the peak hours and chokes the major urban

arterial of Asansol urban area. The situation is also acute due to the importance

of the location of Asansol in the border region of Bengal - Jharkhand.

GT Road (arterial Road) has an intermediate lane dual carriageway with ROW of

15 meters. However, in many sections part of it has been encroached by

commercial activities. NH bypass has double lane dual carriageway with parking

lanes and bus bays at selected locations. Among the sub arterial Roads, 11

percent of the links has 12 meter ROW, 57 percent has 10 meter ROW, and rest

32 percent has 8 m ROW.

Most of the

industries are

situated along the

NH-2. This leads to

the problem of

congestion in the

region. The main

reason behind this

congestion is lack of

well developed road

infrastructure

facilities within the

region which would

be conducive for

smooth dispersal

It maybe observed that most of the industries are situated along the NH-2 (G.T.

Road). This leads to the problem of congestion in the region. As the NH-2 is the

only highway which connects the above cities with the rest of the country, the

importance of the highway can not be ignored. Most of the industries are coming

up along the NH-2 (G.T.Road). The main reason behind this congestion is lack of

well developed road infrastructure facilities within the region.

Though the G.T. Road is the only National Highway which passes through the

region and connects it with the other regions of the country, the condition of the

road is very poor due to various reasons. One of the problems is the cumulative

loading of traffic along the G.T. Road due to the linear urban pattern of the

region. Again there is high centralization of activities on GT Road like –


115

- Retail Trade and Commerce - Wholesale trade [Storage facilities, loading / unloading, Truck Parking] - Inter-Region and Intra-Region Bus Terminus - Auto-Rickshaw and Taxi Terminal facilities - On-Street parking

Steps will be taken to relocate market places and commercial activities, which

are clogging up GT Road.

Fig 10.1 : Industries congested along G T Road

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To Adra

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86°5 0 '0 "E

86 °55 '0 " E

86°55 '0"E

87° 60 '0 " E

87° 60 '0 " E

87° 5 '0"E

8 7°5 '0" E

87° 10 '0 "E

87° 10 '0"E

87°1 5 '0 "E

87° 15 '0" E

87 °20 '0" E

87 °20 '0" E

87° 25 '0" E

87°2 5 '0"E

87° 30 '0"E

87° 30 '0" E

87° 35 '0"E

8 7°3 5 '0 "E

23°25 '0" N 23°25 '0"N

23°30 '0" N 23°30 '0"N

23°35 '0" N 23°35 '0"N

23°40 '0" N 23°40 '0"N

23°45 '0" N 23°45 '0"N

23°50 '0" N 23°50 '0"N

23°55 '0" N 23°55 '0"N

LegendADPA

Block Boundary

Water Bodies

Major RoadsRail

!. Coaliary

# Industry


10.3.3.2 Inadequacy and poor condition of internal roads

Traffic volume on 60 percent of the urban arterials has exceeded their capacity in

1996, 30 percent among them has exceeded 1.5 times their capacity. The most

congested sections are GT Road between Bhagat Singh More and Kalla Road

Junction, Hutton Road, Bathe Road and some portion of SB Gorai Road. Over

time, Kumarpur Link, Burnpur Road has also become severely congested.

The Asansol Urban Region suffers from inadequacy and poor condition of roads.

Ideally a city should have at least 20% roads in its total area, the percentage

covered by the city is not sufficient. Considering the rapid growth in the

population in coming years, the pressure on existing roads will increase causing

congestion in the region.

SB Gorai Road is the only parallel link to GT road in the southern side. Hutton

Road and Bathe Road connect GT ROAD and S B Gorai Road. SD Road is

another important link in the northern part of the Asansol urban area providing

connectivity with the NH Bypass. The average running speed (recorded in

Fig 10.2 : Projected Population

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

2001 2005 2011 2021 2025

Jam uria Kulti Asansol Raniganj Durgapur

116


117

current year) along GT Road was 28 kmph, whereas SB Gorai Road exhibited 19

kmph. Mostly busses, mini buses, cars and two wheelers constitute the vehicular

traffic. In Burnpur Road and Kumarpur Road, large share of goods vehicles can

be observed – the average running speed recorded being 26 kmph. Most of the

arterials and sub arterials are amidst densely built up urban area – which offers

little or no scope for capacity augmentation.

Durgapur has got a good network of wide Roads – mostly constructed and

maintained by various township authorities. However, some of the links in the

south of NH-2 are severely congested during peak hours of traffic, the evening

peak time being the more critical one. Traffic volumes in BC Roy Avenue, Surya

Sen street and Nachan Road in the Benachity area have already exceeded their

capacity in 1996. The travel speed observed in GT Road is 48 kmph – many

signalized and priority intersections have led to lowering of average running

speed. On Bankura Road the observed speed is 22 kmph and on BC Roy

Avenue it is 25 kmph. Existence of a railway crossing causes severe delay and

long and static queues in the Bankura Road link. On the other hand, Nachan

Road exhibits an average running speed of 16 kmph whereas the same along

the MG Road shows 31 kmph. Most of the Roads inside the township area has

adequate capacity to cater to the present demand – however the surface

condition in some of the links is appalling due to lack of adequate maintenance.

The quality of riding surface in the northern periphery of the Durgapur urban area

near Kamalpur and Chakgopaldevpur is extremely poor and calls for immediate

intervention.

Lack of adequate maintenance of the roads in the industrial areas is also quite

prominent. Improvement or strengthening is necessary for some of the major

corridors in the region like Dr B C Roy Avenue, Jadabendra Panja Avenue and

Kanjilal Avenue.


118

10.3.3.3 Railway Barriers

Though in some areas there are few underpasses, the number is not sufficient

and the underpasses are also very narrow. So these underpasses are not

sufficient to take load of the increasing number of vehicles and these needs to be

converted into ROBs for better movement of vehicles. These underpasses

include Barachak Tunnel, Maharadanga, Domania, Chathapathar Flyover and

Kalyanpur

Fig 10.3 : Rail Network Profile of Major Cities

A S N

One of the major barriers for free flow of traffic in the region is the presence of

railway crossings. The railway crossing virtually bisects the city of Asansol into

North and South Asansol. This has resulted in significant differences in the

development of North and South Asansol. While North Asansol has shown

significant development, South Asansol has lagged behind. The value of land of

South Asansol is also less than the value of land in North Asansol. So it is

essential that these barriers be punctured and crossed at as many points as

possible to improve connectivity. Such connections develop grid movements and

reduce circuitry between the areas.

To B an ku ra


A J O Y R I V E R

M a ith on D am

D H A N B A D

B A N K U R A

P U R U L I A

B I R B H U M

T o D ha nb ad

T o D ha nb ad

T o M e jia

T o I lam b az ar

To S iuri

T o K olk at a

4 0 4 8 1 2 1 6 202K ilo m e te r s

K A N K S A B L O C K

J A M U R I A B L O C K

B A R A B A N I B L O C K

S A L A N P U R B L O C K

A N D A L B L O C K

F A R ID P U R -D U R G A P U R B L O C K

R A N IG A N J B L O C K

K U L TI M U N IC IP A L IT Y

D U R G A P U R M U N IC I P A L C O R P O R A TI O N

P A N D A B E S W A R B L O C K

A N S O L M U N IC I P A L C O R P O R A TI O

JA M U R IA M U N I C I P A L I T Y

R A N IG A N J M U N IC IP A L IT Y

8 6 ° 4 5 '0 "E

8 6 ° 4 5 '0 " E

8 6 ° 5 0 '0 "E

8 6 °5 0 '0 "E

8 6 °5 5 '0 " E

8 6 ° 5 5 '0 "E

8 7 ° 6 0 '0 " E

8 7 ° 6 0 '0 " E

8 7 ° 5 '0 "E

8 7 °5 '0 " E

8 7 ° 1 0 '0 "E

8 7 ° 1 0 '0 "E

8 7 ° 1 5 '0 "E

8 7 ° 1 5 '0 "E

8 7 °2 0 '0 " E

8 7 °2 0 '0 " E

8 7 °2 5 '0 " E

8 7 ° 2 5 '0 "E

8 7 ° 3 0 '0 "E

8 7 ° 3 0 '0 "E

8 7 ° 3 5 '0 "E

8 7 ° 3 5 '0 " E

2 3 ° 2 5 '0 " N 2 3 ° 2 5 '0 "N

2 3 ° 3 0 '0 " N 2 3 ° 3 0 '0 "N

2 3 ° 3 5 '0 " N 2 3 ° 3 5 '0 "N

2 3 ° 4 0 '0 " N 2 3 ° 4 0 '0 "N

2 3 ° 4 5 '0 " N 2 3 ° 4 5 '0 "N

2 3 ° 5 0 '0 " N 2 3 ° 5 0 '0 "N

2 3 ° 5 5 '0 " N 2 3 ° 5 5 '0 "N

LegendMajor Roads

ADPA

Block Boundary

Water Bodies

Population

300,000

Railway Line creating a major barrier in Asansol, Kulti, Durgapur.


119

10.3.3.4 Congestion along major roads Again the density of population along the major roads especially along the G T

Road is very high as most of the industries are situated along the G T Road. This

is due to the fact that interior roads are not developed to that extent that they can

take load of industrial development. This is causing congestion along the major

roads.

GT road being the most important link in the Asansol Urban Area – intense urban

development has taken place along it. Most of the wholesale and retail trade and

commerce destination in Asansol area are located along this road. Spilling of the

retail trade activities has been a perennial source of nuisance. Adding to this,

parking of the goods vehicles, loading and unloading operation takes place along

this arterial road – significantly reducing the effective capacity of the link . In

addition to this, the private as well as the SBSTC bus terminus is located along

this road – catering to the inter regional and intra regional passenger demand.

Ingress and egress of large buses interfere with the local traffic operations –

leading to severe congestion.

10.3.3.5 Absence of centralized warehousing facilities As there is no centralized warehousing facilities all the wholesale activities take

place inside the cities. It causes major problems of loading and unloading along

the interior roads. That further narrows the interior roads as all the trucks are

parked in the roads. This is a major cause of slow movement of vehicles in the

cities.

10.3.3.6 Markets in heart of the city Currently the wholesale markets are spread over the cities causing congestion in

the roads inside the cities. So it will be better to relocate all the wholesale

markets outside the cities at the logistic hubs. It will ensure that all the wholesale

activities (loading, unloading, storage and sale) take place at the logistic hub

outside the cities only.


10.3.3.7 Absence of parking areas

With the growth in trade and commerce in the region, the number of vehicles has

grown sharply. Both in Asansol and Durgapur, the commerce and trade facilities

are concentrated in specific zones. These zones attract substantial amount of

cars and two wheelers. In the absence of parking facilities, the vehicles are

parked on the street leading to a major bottleneck in the smooth flow of traffic

This problem is further aggravated by high population densities, large number of

pavement hawkers, side walk encroachments and heterogeneous nature of

traffic and

commercial area

development along

all the major roads.

There is a

substantial under

provision in the

parking space as

compared to the

requirement of the

city.

10.3.3.8 Bus Terminus at heart of the city

The existing bus terminuses in the region are situated mostly at the heart of the

city. Ingress and egress of large buses interfere with the local traffic operations –

leading to severe congestion. Apart from that the existing bus terminuses do not

provide proper amenities to the travelers, bus drivers and conductors.

10.3.3.9 Rural connectivity

The rural connectivity of the region is very poor as most of the roads linking

villages to the cities are missing. Even if the roads are there they are mostly of

LTM (Light Transport Modal) construction, therefore it is not possible for rural

people to sell their produce in the city markets.

As the

communication

between village

and cities

improves more

and more labor will

come to the cities

for job. It will lead

to decrease in

migration to some

extent.

120


121

From the following map it is clear that the road density is highest along the G T Roads as most industries are situated along the road. For other parts road density is not sufficient and needs immediate attention. Road density at agrarian areas like Faridpur, Kaksha, Jamuria and Pandeveswar block is very low. Major road connectivity is missing in villages with population less than 1000.

Fig 10.4 : Road density of the Asansol Urban Region

To Bankura


A J O Y R I V E R

Maithon Dam

D H A N B A D

B A N K U R A

P U R U L I A

B I R B H U M

To Dhanbad

To Dhanbad

To Mejia

To Ilambazar

To Siuri

To Kolkata

4 0 4 8 12 16 202 Kilometers

KANKSA BLOCK

JAMURIA BLOCK

BARABANI BLOCK SALANPUR BLOCK

ANDAL BLOCK

FARIDPUR-DURGAPUR BLOCK

RANIGANJ BLOCK

KULTI MUNICIPALITY

DURGAPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

PANDABESWAR BLOCK

ASANSOL MUNICIPAL CORPORATION JAMURIA MUNICIPALITY

RANIGANJ MUNICIPALITY

86°45'0"E

86°45'0"E

86°50'0"E

86°50'0"E

86°55'0"E

86°55'0"E

87°60'0"E

87°60'0"E

87°5'0"E

87°5'0"E

87°10'0"E

87°10'0"E

87°15'0"E

87°15'0"E

87°20'0"E

87°20'0"E

87°25'0"E

87°25'0"E

87°30'0"E

87°30'0"E

87°35'0"E

87°35'0"E

'0"N 23°25'0"N

'0"N 23°30'0"N

'0"N 23°35'0"N

'0"N 23°40'0"N

'0"N 23°45'0"N

'0"N 23°50'0"N

'0"N 23°55'0"N

L e g e n dR d _ D e n s i t y

0 . 0 0 - 2 0 . 0 0

2 0 . 0 1 - 4 0 . 0 0

4 0 . 0 1 - 6 0 . 0 0

6 0 . 0 1 - 8 0 . 0 0

8 0 . 0 1 - 1 0 0 . 0 0

Road Density

10.4 Action Plan & Strategic Options The Plan shall address the requirements in three phases, Short Term, Medium

Term and Long Term. The following table represents the strategy:

Short term measures including immediate trouble shooting actions and

Transportation System Management (TSM) actions such as junction

improvements, signalization, lane markings, delineators, signs etc., to be taken

up regularly. These measures shall be taken up on a continuous basis as the

travel characteristics and loading of different links, intersections etc. change very


122

frequently owing to natural growth and changes in land use. Further, planning

development of access areas to public transportation systems and Intermediate

Public Transport (IPTs) need to be looked at under this head. Enforcement of

lane discipline and traffic rules needs to be addressed urgently.

Medium term action plan is aimed at development of transport infrastructure over

the perspective plan period to bring about coordinated development among

different components and enhance carrying capacity of entire system. These

measures include various infrastructure projects, which will be directed at

network improvements such as parallel roads, link roads, slip roads, bridges.

Grade separations, alternate transport systems such as Mass Rapid Transport

System (MRTs), restructuring of bus based transportation systems to a direction

based strategy in the place of multiple destination based approach, assignment

of complementary roles to MRTs, BRTs (Bus Rapid Transit) and IPTs etc.

Long-term action plan is aimed at development of structure plan for the Urban

Area with Transit as one of the lead components, which will direct the Urban

Growth so as to bring about a structural fit between transit infrastructure and

Urban Growth. This will examine a comprehensive multi-modal public transit

system to bring about the most optimal mix of commuting within the Urban Area

and thus providing a sustainable transit solution. New facilities will be created to

improve level of service and to cater to the increased population growth.

10.4.1 Improvement along NH-2

So the focal concept is to develop the roads infrastructure in such a way so that

the NH-2 can be decongested to the extent possible. That will ensure free

movement of inter-city vehicles along the road.

Again the main connectors of the cities with the NH-2 are also congested due to

unauthorized shops and other constructions, which needs to relocate. Again

accessibility of the NH-2 from the region needs to be improved by augmenting

existing roads parallel to the NH-2 and by constructing the missing links. This will

lead to the decongestion of the arterial roads and will help to spread the

development over the region.


123

10.4.2 Improvement of Roads

Roads need to be improved so that traffic can move smoothly and the number of

accidents can be reduced. For that purpose the quality of roads need to be

improved, traffic signals, intersections need to be improved too.

10.4.3 Construction of ROBs

As the major problem in the region is the presence of railway crossings at

different parts of the roads, it is proposed to construct Rail Over Bridge (ROBs),

which will provide easy connectivity and assist in reducing the inequalities

between the regions.

10.4.4 Decongestion

The major problem of the region is the mixing of inter city and intra city vehicles

which causes various traffic problems in the region. Constructing new logistic

hubs outside the cities can solve this problem.

The logistic hub will include both truck and bus terminal for inter city vehicles.

This will ensure that the inter city vehicles do not enter the city causing trouble for

intra city vehicles.

The present bus terminals handles both inter city and intra city bus routes

affecting traffic movement in the cities. In the city of Durgapur total number of bus

routes is 74 and for Asansol the number for the same is 84. On an average the

number buses that ply for each route is around 20. So it is better to have

separate bus terminals for inter city and intra city bus terminals. The inter city bus

terminal can be constructed in the logistic hub only. On the other hand the bus

terminals inside the cities should handle only intra city routes.


124

10.4.5 Loading and unloading outside the city

If a logistic hub is constructed outside the city and the wholesale market is

relocated outside the city the problem of loading and unloading can be solved.

The large trucks will unload their goods at the logistic hub and from there small

and medium trucks will carry the goods to the heart of the city. This will reduce

the problem of loading and unloading in the busy roads of the city.

10.4.6 Construction of Trade & Storage Center at Logistic Hubs

For that purpose the logistic hub will also include a wholesale trade and storage

center. This center will have modern storage facilities for different types of

products like building materials, auto components, food grains etc. All the inter

city trucks will unload products at the logistic hub and small trucks will be used to

move those products inside the city.

10.4.7 Parking Facilities

In the first phase parking lots shall be proposed to be constructed in Asansol and

Durgapur, which can be thereafter replicated in the other areas of the region. Off-

street parking facilities shall also be identified and constructed in major nodes in

the regions thereafter.

An Appropriate parking pricing methodology shall be developed so as to enable

the projects to be implemented with Private Sector Participation.

For Asansol, the existing bus terminus can be converted into a parking cum

commercial complex, taking care of illegal parking and small time traders on

pavement in the vicinity to some extent.

Entry of trucks may be banned from 8 AM to 8 PM in Benachity area in Durgapur

and parking facilities can be built up at suitable locations. Such restrictions of

entry of trucks along GT Road within Asansol are also necessary.


125

10.4.8 Modern Bus Terminus

Project on Parking Lot on PPP Basis

ADDA shall build up parking lot on Public Private Partnership, the facilities can be

operated in a BOT basis. The project can be implemented on a PPP framework wherein

the private sector party would be required to build a quality Parking facility with adequate

passenger amenities and undertake operation and maintenance activities of the bus

terminal for the specified number of years quoted by the Concessionaire as the

Concession Period. In order to make the project commercially viable, the private sector

party would be allowed to exploit a portion of the land on an commercial framework. The

private sector party would be allowed to recover the investments through commercial

revenue (lease rentals, license fees) and collection of various fees (ADDA fees, night

parking fees and advertisement fees) as specified for the concession period. The NURM

funding shall have the project viable and it shall be the responsibilities of the PPP partners

to ensure financial sustainability of the project. Parking lots are proposed at Asansol and

Durgapur.


I

Project on Bus Ter

The project has been conceived with the o

Bus Terminus with adequate passenger am

by restricting entry of long distance bus ser

and in the process reduce air and noise po

micro environmental quality.

The bus terminus project is proposed to b

(PPP) format through a Build, Operate and

will be required to design, finance, construc

boarding and alighting bays, signage, e

commercial complex with office and retail

during the given Concession Period.

The Project would be implemented on a PP

would be required to build a quality Bus Ter

undertake operation and maintenance ac

number of years quoted by the Concessio

make the project commercially viable, the p

a portion of the land on an commercial fr

minus on PPP Basis

bjective of setting up of a Greenfield Modern

enities and shall also help decongest the city

vices into Central Business District of the city

llution to substantial levels and thus improve

e implemented on Public Private Partnership

Transfer model. The private sector operator

t bus terminals including infrastructure such as

tc., provide required passenger amenities,

shop/ kiosks and maintain the project assets

P framework wherein the private sector party

minal with adequate passenger amenities and

tivities of the bus terminal for the specified

naire as the Concession Period. In order to

rivate sector party would be allowed to exploit

amework. The private sector party would be

126


127

10.4.9 Improved rural connectivity To improve the connectivity with the rural areas of the region the following

measures can be considered.

Conversion of LTM roads to Black Top Roads

In the region most of the roads are of LTM (Light Transport Modal) construction.

So it is an urgent need to develop the roads to black top so that the roads can

handle the pressure of increasing number of heavy vehicles in the region.

Developing Roads Linking to Villages

In this region the density of roads is not same in all the areas. So most of the

villages of this region are not properly connected with the NH-2. This is a major

reason for under development in the villages of the region. This plan aims at

constructing roads linking major villages of the region with concrete roads of at

least two lanes. This will help farmers to sell their produce in the city markets,

which will ultimately help the economy of the villages. It is recognized that problems and issues in the sector are complex and needs to

be addressed on a holistic basis.

Keeping in mind the above, Asansol City aims at setting a Integrated Road

Linkage Plan It is also recognized that one of the critical components of the Plan

needs to be in, “provision of adequate Operation and Maintenance” so that the

facilities created under the plan continue to provide the necessary.

Given the complexity of the problem, it is evident that isolated solutions directed

at one or two facets, such as building flyovers, road widening etc., will at best

assuage the problem temporarily but will not be able tackle the problem

comprehensively. Only a multifaceted approach duly integrating land use with

transportation at the planning stage as a long term measure to structurally

integrate this sector with the overall growth of the urban area will be able to give

best benefits at least possible cost. It is felt that a concerted and sustained

campaign duly addressing issues as under will be able to address transportation

related problems comprehensively.


128

10.5 Other Important Measures

10.5.1 Intersection improvements

One of the major contributors for reducing the efficiency of free flow of traffic is

the performance of intersections. This is an area of immediate intervention that

can be implemented with marginal investments and where improvement in the

performance can be felt. It is observed that several intersections in Asansol and

Durgapur cities do not have road markings or dividers to direct merging, crossing

and diverging flows into specific channels. At these locations considerable delays

are occurring due to in disciplined behavior of 2- wheeler traffic not obeying the

yield principle.

Since junction improvement is a constant process, and also loading at

intersection depend to a great extent on the land use along the corridor, it would

be difficult to pin point those intersections, which would require improvement in

the coming years. However based on the available information and observing the

delays, major intersections will be identified, that would need immediate

attentions.

Durgapur, though has good wide roads, has quite a number of intersections

which need to be upgraded for improving visibility in the corners which may lead

to major accidents.

10.5.2 Street Lights

The number of streetlights in the region is not found to be sufficient and most of

them use tube light or bulbs, which is obsolete nowadays and has big power

consumption. So measures will be taken to convert all the streetlights into

sodium vapor so that the quality of light improves and cost of maintenance falls.

Quite a few of major roads of Durgapur suffer from this disadvantage, which

might also lead to law and order problems at a later date.


129

Places like Jamuria have 300 Street Lights, which cover an area of about 15%. The

number of Street Lights in such region has to be increased to cover an area of 100%

effectively. Durgapur on the other side has Street light which cover an area of 95%,

which will be increased to 100%, but most of the lights do not glow properly and

some are fused and defective. So measure needs to be taken to identify suchdefectives lights and replace it. This will be one of the future actions of plan.

10.5.3 Isolated Traffic Signals

While channelization of approaches to intersections reduces the conflict area,

they function only when the volume are low in nature and has large time and

space headways in the cross traffic, sufficient for merging. These gaps decrease

the volumes of flows increase thereby necessitating physical stoppage of one of

the conflicting flows to facilitate the movement of the other. Besides in the region,

there are a number of fixed time signalized intersections which needs to be

replaced by traffic actuated signalized.

10.5.4 Signal system optimization and Area traffic control

Even if the number of signalized intersections is increased the overall delays may

not be optimized unless all these signals are interconnected. If all the signals are

not integrated with surrounding municipal areas, management of traffic will

become increasingly impossible in the region.

10.5.5 Traffic signs and markings

The traffic in the region being mixed in nature and the carriageway being a

nonstandard format, all the carriageways need adequate traffic signs and road

markings to provide guidance for disciplined and safe driving.

It is observed in the cities like Asansol, Durgapur, Ranigunj that on many

important corridors traffic guidance in the form of traffic signs and lane markings

are not up to the standards. It is necessary to standardize the lane markings,

edge markings, median markings, pedestrian crossings, parking zones, traffic

delineators, and traffic signs and implemented on all important travel corridors.


130

10.5.6 Bus Bays

Frequent weaving movements of buses in busy corridors have a significant effect

on the running speed of traffic. Further, stopping buses in the middle of traffic

lanes tends to block the traffic moving on the left lane. Since most the roads in

the cities of the region are two lanes with an un-mountable central divider, the

problem of traffic blockade becomes even more acute on such occasions. So

considering the fact that there are 84 bus routes in Asansol and 74 routes in

Durgapur city, important and congested bus bays will be identified to make

provision of convenient stoppages for buses without inconveniencing the traffic

following them.

10.5.7 Pedestrian Crossings

As a significant proportion of the trips of up to 2 km in length are performed on

foot and since pedestrians are more vulnerable in being in being involved in

accidents, it is necessary to protect them through provision of Guard Rails, Zebra

Crossings, Pelican Signals or through Grade separations. Warrants for

pedestrian crossings are as follows:

Approach speeds are high (say > 60 kmph) Waiting time for pedestrian or vehicles is too long Peak hour volume for pedestrian (P) and vehicles (V) are such that

PV2>2 *10 for divided carriageways.

Further, when mid block volumes are high across a high speed corridor, a

situation having potential to cause accidents to pedestrians are created. Such

situations rise when the level of service drags behind ‘C’ level.

10.5.8 Road Widening

Given that the percentage area covered by roads in the city is not sufficient, road

widening programme improves channel capacity by adding more area to the

circulation channels. For that purpose the busy, congested roads should be

identified for the purpose of widening.


131

10.5.9 Air Link

Considering the future potential of this region including diversification of

economic activities, it is necessary to locate a domestic airport in this area. This

could be achieved by augmenting the existing Airstrip either at Burnpur or

Durgapur.

10.6 Key Interventions

10.6.1 Asansol

Sl. No.

Name of the Scheme

Location Component Cost

1. Improvement of G.T.

Road as per Master

Plan & Improvement

of Asansol Bazar

area.

AMC area Bituminous

works, Divider,

Street Light,

Drain

Rs. 40 Crores

2. Improvement of

Sen-Relegigh road

from Jubilee More to

Scob Gate.

-do- Rs 10 crores

3. Construction of road

starting from Air

Strip to S.B. Gorai

road.

-do-

-do- -do- Rs 8.5 crores

4. Conversion of

Bituminous road into

Concrete road of

S.B.Gorai road.

AMC area RCC Works Rs 12 crores


132

5 Conversion of


Concrete road of

Hutton road.

-do- -do- Rs 5 crores

6 Conversion of


Concrete road of

N.S.Road.

-do- Rs 3 crores

7 Improvement of

Pipe line road.

-do- Bituminous

works, Divider,

Street Light,

Drain

Rs 5 crores

8 Construction of

flyover for making

connectivity

between North-

South Asansol

-do- Rs 60 crores

9 Conversion of


Concrete road of

Mithani road

-do- RCC Work Rs 15 crores

10 Construction of

Arterial road from

Mohishila Colony to

B.C. College Road

-do- Bituminous

Work, Drain.

11 Construction of

Arterial road from

G.T.Road to

Radhanagar Road.

AMC area -do- Rs 2.5 crores

12 Construction of

Peripheral Ring

Road along Eastern

Railway Loop Line

-do- -do- Rs 10.5 crores

-do-

Fly Over

Rs 7 crores


133

13 Improvement of

Bituminous road

within Borough I to

Borough V

-do- Bituminous

Work, Drainage

Rs 85 crores

14 Improvement of

Internal road by

making Cement

Concrete within

Borough I to V areas

of AMC.

-do- RCC Works

15 Construction of

parking cum

commercial complex

along GT Road

(within city)

-do- RCC & brick

works

Rs 10 crores

16 Construction of new

truck terminus cum

wholesale market

along G T Road

bypass

-do- Truck stand,

Dhaba,

workshop,

motor garages,

parking place,

market building

Rs 30 crores

17 Construction of bus

terminus with

passenger

amenities


18 Construction of bus

stops

-do- RCC works Rs 1 crore

Construction of

barriers for big

trucks

-do- RCC works Rs 2 crores

20 Construction of

Market complex (10

nos.)

-do- Building etc. Rs 20 crores

Rs 28 crores

19


134

Durgapur is located in the district of Burdwan. It lies on the main railway line

connecting Calcutta and New Delhi, thus being very well connected to both of the

above cities. It takes about 2 hours by express train to reach Calcutta and an

overnight journey to reach Delhi. The G.T.Road (National Highway #2) passes

through the middle of the city. One airport is under construction near Steel City,

B-zone.

This urban area enjoys the privilege of an elaborate and adequate road

transportation network. Ownership and maintenance responsibility of the

carriageway lies with various organizations. This has led to significant variation of

road surface condition among the linkages in Durgapur. Apart from a few streets

amidst private development, most of the linkages have low volume to capacity

ratio. The roads near Benachity area need immediate intervention. Parking

facilities have to be provided in the key commercial destinations – both in

Benachity and the City Centre area.

Details of the projects to be undertaken are listed below:

21 Completion of Bus

terminus at Asansol

-do- Building with

workingmen’s

Dormitory and

Rest House

Rs 4 crores

22 Development of

Parking Places at

different areas of

Asansol

-do- C.C. Work Rs 5 crores

Provision of Street

Lights on all major &

minor roads

-do- Pole S. V.

lamps

Rs 15 crores

Total Rs 383.50 crs

23

10.6.2 Durgapur


135

Sl. No.

Name of the Scheme Location Component Cost

1 Ring road around

Durgapur Urban Area

from Muchipara to

Dhupchuria More near

Andal-via-Arrah-

Fuljhore, Sovapur,

Hetedoba-Jabbarpally-

Arati-Dhupchururia

including two minor

bridges

Entire DMC

population

Bituminous,

RCC, Culvert

Rs 25 crores

2 Muchipara to Durgapur

Barrage Road along with

ROB and Bridge over

DVC Cannel

DMC area Bituminous,

RCC, Bridge,

Culvert

Rs 44 crores

3 Development of road

from Bankura More to

DVC More

DMC area Bituminous,

RCC.

Rs 10 crores

4 Road from CMERI More

to Arrah More


5 Improvement of Surya

Sen Sarani


6 Development of truck

terminus

-do- Concrete

hardstand

area,

buildings for

driver

amenities

Rs 5 crores

7 Improvement of J. Panja

Avenue & Dr B C Roy

Avenue

-do- Bituminous,

RCC

Rs 7 crores

8. Construction of barriers

for restricting entry of

trucks

-do- Steelworks Rs 2.0 crores


136

9 Logistic hub at

Benachity, Muchipara &

City Centre at Durgapur

(Techno commercial &

wholesale)

-do- Building with

required

facilities

Rs 30 crores

10 Bus terminus at Eastern,

Western and Northern

end of Durgapur

-do- Building with

workingmen’s

Dormitory

and Rest

House

Rs 7.5 crores

11 Development of City

Parking area

City Centre

at DMC

-do- Rs 1 crore

Total Rs 142.5 crs

10.6.3 Ranigunj

Details of the projects to be undertaken:

Sl. No.

Name of the Scheme

Location Component Cost

1 Ring Road

around Ranigunj

Municipal Area

Ranigunj

area

Two lane road to

reduce congestion

within the Ranigunj

Town

Rs 4.8 crores

2 Raniganj Bypass

Road

-do- Rs 7 crores

3 Bus Terminus -do- Buildings and other

facilities

Rs 4 crores

Total Rs 15.8 crs


137

10.6.4 Jamuria

S.I No

Name of the Scheme Location Component Cost

(Lakhs)

1 Strengthening of metal road from Satgram village to link with G.T.Road.

Ward no-11

Road length –1.65 km. width-3.66m., culvert, etc.

Rs.30.78

* Additional road projects are mentioned with the sewerage & drainage schemes.

10.6.5 Kulti

Srl .No: Mission Components PT Project Cost

(Rs in crores) 1 Parking lots/ Bus

Terminus/Others N A 2.63

2 Road Improval and New Road Projects

N A 8.31

Total Rs 10.94 crs


Chapter 11 : Solid Waste Management 11.1 Vision To put in place an effective solid waste management system aimed at minimizing manual handling, 100% waste collection and transportation of the waste, Recycling of the waste & conservation of the environment, 100% compliance with various regulatory stipulations

11. 2 Background & Rationale Solid waste can be defined as material that no longer has any value to the

person who is responsible for it, and is not intended to be discharged through a

pipe. It is generated by domestic, commercial, industrial, healthcare, agricultural

and mineral extraction activities and accumulates in streets and public places.

With rapid industrialization and urbanization, waste generation has become

inevitable. The tremendous increase in population and sustained drive for

economic progress and development has resulted in a remarkable increase in

the quantity of solid wastes from different processes for example domestic waste,

industrial waste etc.

As of now the waste generated are disposed in an indiscriminate manner due to

lack of systematic collection, proper transportation system and adequate disposal

facilities available. The local authorities of urban centers find it difficult to arrange

sufficient area of land for municipal waste disposal.

In, India municipal wastes have to be managed as per the provisions of Municipal

Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 promulgated under

Environment Protection Act, 1986. As per these rules, all the biodegradable

municipal solid wastes shall be required to be processed by appropriate

biological processing method.

Solid waste generated from

domestic and commercial

activities has become a

major concern causing

extensive environmental

problems and threat to

human health. Municipal

authorities are now

confronted with the important

task of management of

municipal solid waste.

138


139

Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 has made

MSWM the Litigation responsibility of Urban Local Bodies (City Corporations and

Municipal Corporations), which asks for source segregation of waste for cleaner

composting and recycling. Further, the Supreme Court of India, acting on Public

interest Litigation directed all urban local governments to install scientific solid

waste treatment plants before a set deadline. Thus the installation of a scientific

solid waste management system, though a costly proposition for most of the

urban bodies, has become an imminent necessity. Also the Ministry of

Environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India, has issued the Municipal

Solid Wastes (management and handling) Rules in the year 2000, which identify

the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) as the agency to monitor the

implementation of these rules.

Municipal Solid Waste(Management andHandling) Rules 2000has made MSWM theLitigation responsibilityof Urban Local Bodies(City Corporations andMunicipal Corporations),which asks for sourcesegregation of waste forcleaner composting andrecycling.

Overall thepresent solidwaste management process covering theentire AsansolUrban Area isfound to behighly inadequate.

Another grave problem of urban area is that of bio-medical waste. These waste

those are generated in small quantities, however may pose a great risk to the

community due to their potential biohazard.

The disposal of non – hazardous industrial waste is also another problem area.

These wastes have less of hazardous components but by the virtue of there

sheer volume they can pose threat to the environment.

11. 3 Situation Appraisal 11.3.1 Overall Observation Overall the present solid waste management process covering the entire Asansol

Urban Area is found to be highly inadequate.

Presently, the wastes are simply thrown either on

the roadside heap or close to near by waste bin and

the roads end up being storage of enormous

amounts of waste. There is virtually no Solid Waste

Management System in almost the whole of the

Asansol Urban Area.


The major shortfall in the present systems are as illustrated below:

11.3.1.1 Absence of Proper Collection and Transport

The process of collection, which requires substantial man and logistic

management, is very poor in all the urban centers. The overall situation is

marginally better in Durgapur. This coupled with lack of proper transportation has

resulted in a situation wherein 50-70% of the waste is not collected at all.

11.3.1.2 No Segregation of Waste

Concept of segregation of waste is largely absent and people are totally ignorant

about the significance and necessity of segregation of Solid waste

11.3.1.3 Bio-medical Waste Though the region contains a good number of hospitals, there is no provision of

updated and sophisticated solid waste management facilities. The Bio-medical

wastes are also getting dumped along with domestic wastes.

11.3.1.4 Absent of Landfill site for disposal of Garbage:

It is reported that two solid waste disposal sites in Pardai and Raturia are

available in Durgapur, whereas there is no identified landfill sites for disposal of

garbage in Asansol and as such it is indiscriminately disposed through the filling

of low lands as well as the agricultural land spread over the city.

11.3.1.5 No Awareness to General Public:

There is no awareness among the general public about the solid waste

management. People are not aware of the way to dispose the waste. Careless

disposal of waste on streets has resulted in littering of waste.

The bulk of the

waste is not

collected on a

daily basis and

left to decay on

the roads, streets

and drains, etc.

140

No awareness among general people


141

11.3.2 Assessment of Present Solid Waste Generation 11.3.2.1 Generation of MSW in Asansol Municipal Corporation (AMC) and Durgapur Municipal Corporation (DMC) Area

The various sources of MSW generation are domestic households, hotels,

markets, marriage halls, temples, commercial establishments and other

institutions.

11.3.2.1.1 Domestic Households

The waste generated in the domestic households forms the major component of

the total MSW generation. The households in the city, based on income groups

could be categorized as High Income Group, Middle Income Group, Low Income

Group and economically weaker section dwellings.

The average per capita generation for the low income, middle income and high

income group, and the total waste generated is extrapolated as presented in the

tables below:

Table 11.1 : Waste Generation by Domestic Households (AMC)

Category Average per

Capita generation (grams per day)

Population Waste

Generated Per Day (MT)

Low Income Group 0.289 214949 62.1

Middle Income Group 0.214 217537 46.6

High Income Group 0.273 60924 16.6

Total 493410 125 Source : Integrated SWM Strategy and Action Plan. Feb, 2006


142

Table 11.2 : Waste Generation by Domestic Households (DMC)

Category Average per

Capita generation (grams per day)

Population Waste

Generated Per Day (MT)

Low Income Group 0.256 153700 39.3

Middle Income Group 0.161 295360 47.5

High Income Group 0.193 94400 18.2

Total 543460 105 Source : Integrated SWM Strategy and Action Plan. Feb 2006 11.3.2.1.2 Commercial Establishment The commercial Establishments in the city include general shops, small shops,

wholesale and retail stores and confectioneries and bakeries.

Table 11.3 : Estimated MSW Generation by Commercial Establishment

Municipal Corporation Waste Generated per Day (MT)

Asansol Municipal Corporation 50

Durgapur Municipal Corporation 74.6 Source : Integrated SWM Strategy and Action Plan. Feb 2006 11.3.2.1.3 Hotels, Restaurants and lodgings: Hotels, Restaurants and lodgings mainly generate biodegradable waste.

Table 11.4 Solid Waste Generated by Hotels, Restaurants and Lodgings

Municipal Corporation Waste Generated per Day (MT)

Asansol Municipal Corporation 5

Durgapur Municipal Corporation 12.4 Source : Integrated SWM Strategy and Action Plan. Feb, 2006


143

11.3.2.1.4 Street Sweepings and Drain Cleanings

Street sweeping and drain cleanings are the other major components of total

MSW generated in urban areas. As per prevalent assumptions street sweepings

approximates around 10% of the total waste generated. It is estimated that

approximately 22 tons of street sweeping waste is generated every day in

Durgapur and in Asansol, street sweeping and landscaping waste contributes to

around 20 tonnes of the municipal wasted generated.

Table 11.5 : Total Quantity of Solid Waste Generated in AMC and DMC

AMC DMC Sl

No.

Source Total Waste Tonnes per

Day % of Total

Total Waste Tonnes per

Day % of Total

1. Residential Waste

125 62% 105 46%

2. Commercial Waste

50 25% 84.6 38%

3. Hotels and Restaurants

5 3% 12.4 6%

4. Street Sweeping 20 10% 22 10% Total 200 100% 224 100%

Source : Generation of MSW in Jamuria, Raniganj and Kulti Municipalities The projection of the MSW in Jamuria, Raniganj and Kulti municipalities, have

been computed on the basis of the Waste Generation factor method as below

Table 11.6 : Total Quantity of Solid Waste Generated in Jamuria, Ranigunj and Kulti Municipalities.

Municipalities

Population 2006

Total Waste

Generation MT/day

Comostable

Waste Generation

/ day*

Inert rejects from the

composting process MT/day (@30%)

Total

landfillable waste

MT/day

Ranigunj (M) 121459 67 26 8 49 Jamuria (M) 141537 28 11 3 21 Kulti (M) 316888 174 68 20 127 Total 579884 269 105 31 196

* As per the manual on Solid Waste Management, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India 38.95%


Table 11.7 : Total Quantity of Solid Waste Generated in the Five Planned Towns.

Municipal Corporation or Municipalities Population 2006

Total landfill able

waste MT/day

AMC 493410 200 DMC 543460 224 Ranigunj (M) 121459 49 Jamuria (M) 141537 21 Kulti (M) 316888 127 Total 1616754 620

* As per the manual on Solid Waste Management, Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India 38.95% 11.3.2.2 Projection of Generation of Solid Waste (MT/day) 11.3.2.2.1 Durgapur Municipal Corporation Fig 11.1 : Projection of Solid Waste Generation in DMC

224288

429520

0100200300400500600

2006 2011 2021 2025

11.3.2.2.2 Asansol Municipal Corporation

Fig 11.2 : Projection of Solid Waste Generation in AMC

200 235332

393

0100200300400500

2006 2011 2021 2025

Municipal corporation or Municipalities

Total landfill able waste MT/ day

AMC 200 DMC 224 Raniganj (M) 49 Jamuria (M) 21 Kulti (M) 127 Total Population for the region: 1616754 In 2006

144


145

11.3.2.2.3 Raniganj Municipality Fig 11.3 : Projection of Solid Waste Generation in Raniganj

4961

76 83

020406080

100

2006 2011 2021 2025

11.3.2.2.4 Jamuria Fig 11.4 : Projection of Solid Waste Generation in Jamuria

21 2226 28

05

1015202530

2006 2011 2021 2025

11.3.2.2.5 Kulti Municipality Fig 11.5 : Projection of Solid Waste Generation in Kulti

127 132157 169

0

50

100

150

200

2006 2011 2021 2025


146

11.3.2.2.6 Combined Fig: 11.6 Projection of Solid Waste Generation in Asansol Urban Area

0100200300400500600

2006 2011 2021 2025

DMC

AMC

Ranigunj(M)

Jamuria (M)

Kulti (M)

Projection based on Population growth and growth of Industries and Institutions by 5% per annum.

11.4 Strategies The total generation of Solid Waste by 2006 is expected to touch 610 MT per day. Keeping in mind that as of now, there is virtually no solid waste management system capable of handling the overall generation

The total generation of Solid Waste by 2006 is expected to touch 610 MT per

day. Keeping in mind that as of now, there is virtually no solid waste

management system capable of handling the overall generation, it is necessary

to design a system capable of handling the entire SWM generated by the area.

The components of the strategy to handle the Solid Waste shall thus comprise of

the following:

Solid Waste

Integrated Solid Waste

AwarenessCampaign

Common Landfill facility

Strengthening of Institutions


11.4.1 Integrated Solid Waste Management

In view of the Projected growth in population and absence of any MSW facilities it

is proposed to have Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) complex.

11.4.1.1 Managing Municipal Solid Waste Existing municipal solid waste management system would follow the following

strategies for efficient management in the future.

1. Collection of waste. Increasing the coverage and efficiency of collection

mechanism. Would help in better management and in reducing the formation of

unhygienic and open dumpsites. Segregation of waste into biodegradable and

non-biodegradable Components shall be carried at source or at primary

collection centers.

2. Treatment and disposal. On the basis of availability of land and financial

resources with the service provider, either of the methods — aerobic

composting, anaerobic Digestion or sanitary land filling could be adopted for

treatment and disposal of waste. However, since it appears that land filling

would continue to be the most widely Adopted practice in India in the coming few

years, in which case certain Improvements need to be done to ensure sanitary

land filling and not mere dumping of Waste.

11.4.1.2 Managing the Industrial Waste

To ensure scientific management of hazardous waste generated in the country,

the strategy should encompass all the aspects of waste management cycle

starting from the generation of waste to its handling, segregation, transportation,

treatment and disposal, in addition to a primary focus on waste

minimization/reduction.

Efforts are required to quantify and characterize the volume of waste residues

generated by industries and constantly upgrade this waste inventory so that

appropriate management strategies could be incorporated in waste management

plans.

Fig: 12.7 Hierarchy of

integrated SWM

147


148

In light of the newly amended hazardous waste rules introduced in India in

January 2000,it is important to focus capacity building and training of the officials

of the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) and critical industrial sectors

generating hazardous waste. The focus of this learning exposure should be to

address responsibilities related to handling, storage, transportation, treatment

and disposal of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste can be handled by a

common facility being set up at Haldia.

It is required to set up standards not only for disposal of waste on land but also

for cleanup of contaminated soils and groundwater.

Issues like the willingness to pay of the participating industries, the type of

ownership, financial mechanisms for such ventures and the extent of private

sector participation need to be addressed/explored to ensure that they come into

existence.

11.4.2 Awareness Campaign Awareness Campaign shall be carried out in order to educate the general public

about the disposal of solid waste at the right place. Awareness campaign shall

also be carried out to show and illustrate the segregation of solid waste. Benefits

about cleanliness and hygienic environment should be taught.

11.4.3 Common Landfill facility Common landfill facility with adequate facility shall be made available to the

entire Asansol Urban Area. This will help in disposal of solid waste at one land.

11.4.4 Institutional and Regulatory Reforms

• Strengthening urban local bodies to perform efficiently in managing the

waste and ensuring strict enforcement of the recently introduced

municipal solid waste (Management and handling) rules.


149

• It is also imperative to harness and integrate the role of three emerging

actors in this field — the private sector, NGOs, and rag pickers — into

the overall institutional Framework.

Summary of Activities of an Integrated Waste Management

Establishment of facilities for effective management of hazardous waste, bio-medical waste management and municipal solid waste management in compliance with the respective rules as promulgated under the aegis of the Environment (protection) Act 1986, with appropriate clearances from the WBCPB. Collection at source and Transportation of Hazardous

Wastes from industries to the common facility. Collection and Transportation of source-segregated bio-

medical wastes from health care establishments to the common facility. Collection and Transportation of municipal solid wastes

from various collection points and from door-to-door collection in the municipal area of Asansol urban region. Treatment, Storage and Disposal of Hazardous wastes in

accordance with Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 and subsequent amendments thereof. Treatment and Disposal of Bio-Medical Wastes in

accordance with Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 1998 and subsequent amendments thereof.


Recovery, Processing and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes in accordance with the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 and amendments thereof.

Comprehensive analysis of Wastes and determination of waste treatment, storage and disposal pathways.

Training in Segregation of wastes and Occupational Safety.

Organizing workshops and seminars to provide platform for identification and implementation of waste reuse/recycle/recovery options and thereby conservation of natural resources.

Overall effective solid waste management.

PPP in form of a Jo

services to various

present and prospec

on User-Pay-Princip

user compensates fo

PPP Model shall Durgapur

PPP In Solid Waste Management

int Venture Company can undertake waste management

Industries, health care establishments and residents both

tive including levying and collection of the service charges

le by the individual units, in a professional manner. Each

r the cost of waste management.

be tried out for the ISWM Project in Asansol and

150


151

1 K tions

11.5.1 Asansol

1.5 ey Interven

S.I No

Name & Nature

of Scheme

Component

Benefit

Cost (Crore)

1 Solid Waste Management

Procurement of Primary Collection, Street Sweeping, Secondary Collection and Transportation

People of A.M.C Area

7.00

2 Awareness Campaign

Creating Awareness among the people about Solid Waste Management

People of A.M.C Area

0.25

7 Total .25 11.5.2 Durgapur

S.I No

Name & Nature of Scheme Component Benefit Cost

(Crore)

1 Solid WManageme

aste nt

of Primary

ProcurementCollection, Street Sweeping, Secondary Collection andTransportation.*

People of DMC Area 6.00

2 common Landfill facility in ADDA area

Common land to for the disposal of waste of the entire area.

People of Asansol Area 9.00

Development of

3 Awareness Campaign

Creating awareness among the people about Solid Waste Management

People of D.M.C Area 0.25

Total 15.25


152

1 .5.3

1 Jamuria

S.I No

Name & Nature of Scheme

Component Benefit Cost

(Crore)

Solid Waste

Collection and .*

People of Jamuria 1 Management Sweeping, Secondary Area 2.00

Procurement of Primary Collection, Street

Transportation

Awarene2 Campaign S

ss Creating Awareness among the people about

olid Waste Management.

People of Jamuria Area 0.12

Total 2.12 *Primary Collection : Auto tippers, Tricycles etc

treet Sweeping : ushcarts, Other Equipment etc

econdary Collection and Transportation : umper Bins, Dumper Bin Carriers, Tipper Lorries, Transportation Vehicles etc.

. SP SD

1 .5.4

1 Raniganj

S.I No



(Crore)

Solid Waste anagement weeping, Secondary

and Transportation.*

People of Raniganj Area 1 M

Procurement of Primary Collection, Street SCollection

3.00

2

Awareness Campaign

Creating Awareness among the people about Solid Waste Management.

People of Raniganj Area 0.25**

Total 3.25 **

Solid Waste Generation in Raniganj is very high.


153

11.5.5 Kulti

S.I No



(Crore)

1 Solid WManageme

aste nt

Primary Procurement ofCollection, Street Sweeping, Secondary Collection and Transportation.*

People of Kulti Area 2.50

2 Awareness among the people about People o Area 0.12 Campaign

Creating Awareness

Solid Waste Management. f Kulti

Total 2.62 *Primary Collection:

ushcarts, Other Equipment etc

econdary Collection and Transportation: umper Bins, Dumper Bin Carriers, Tipper Lorries, Transportation Vehicles etc.

Auto tippers, Tricycles etc. Street Sweeping: P SD


154

Chapter 12 : Housing

12.1 Aims and Objectives

The Urban Local Bodies shall strive to provide appropriate housing to all its

citizens. In particular, it shall continuously carry out the following actions:

• Identify adequate sites to facilitate and encourage housing for

households of all economic levels, including persons with disabilities;

• Remove, as legally feasible and appropriate, governmental constraints to

housing production, maintenance, and improvement;

• Assist in the development of adequate housing for low and moderate-

income households;

• Conserve and improve the condition of housing, including existing

affordable housing; and

• Promote housing opportunities for all persons.

12.2 Background Provision of Housing to its Citizen is one of the most important task for any Urban

Body. Housing also comprises one of the key elements of the civic plan. One of

the key elements of a housing plan is provision of housing for the poor.

In any urban center with growing demand and consequent spiraling prices, the

urban poor are deprived of adequate housing. It is thus left to the State to provide

housing to Low Income Group. Slums Improvement needs to be given its due

importance through a programme of Slum Eradication, Slum Clearance and

Rehabilitation.


155

It is acknowledged that Good housing is intrinsically linked to good health and

nutrition, better employment opportunity, better living and, consequently, better

quality of life.

12.3 Situation Appraisal

ADDA has been aggressively initiating Housing projects in the area through

Private Sector Participation. Urvashi, a project spread over 94 acres in Durgapur,

was carried out in association with the Asansol Durgapur Development Authority.

The company has now joined hands with Bardhaman Zilla Parishad to create a

mini township called Ulhas. Another township being impelemented by Bengal

Shristi Infrastructure Development Ltd. The company has mandated SembCorp

Infrastructure, one of the leading architects and structural consultants of

Singapore, for its mega integrated township project spread over 100 acres at

Asansol, West Bengal.

The township project, estimated to cost around Rs 350 crore, will be the maiden

venture of SembCorp, Singapore, in West Bengal in collaboration with BSID.

Several other private sector companies have expressed their interests in

participating in the sector.

However, all these projects are primarily catering to the Low and Medium Income

Group of people. The number of households living in slums is still very high

&needs to be addressed


156

Figure 12.1 : Total Present Shortage of Housing


5696

10345

13598

4841

33457

127226

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000

Jamuria (M)

Kulti(M)

Asansol(MC)

Raniganj(M)

Durgapur(MC)

Total ADPA

Figure 13.1 depicts the number of shortfall in houses. Durgapur has the highest

number of shortage, which are 33457 houses followed by Asansol. Kulti has

10345 numbers of houses short.

A computation of the housing shortage in the five major urban areas of ADPA

reveals that DMC area has the maximum housing shortage; in fact around half of

the housing shortage in the urban areas of ADPA is in Durgapur Municipal area . This obviously calls for necessary actions in the near future, which also points

out that augmenting the private housing schemes can be boosted to overcome

the situation. It can be stated that presently there is a housing shortage of over

1.2 Lakh dwelling units in the whole of ADPA, which is likely to be 6.3 Lakh in the

year 2025.


157

Fig 12.2 : Distribution of Households be type of Dwelling Unit

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

DMC AMC Kulti Ranigunj Jamuria

% o

f hou

seho

ld

PuccaSemi-PuccaKatcha


Figure 12.2 represents the % of household distribution of Pucca, Semi pucca and

Katcha houses in all the five regions. All most in all the areas most of the houses

are either semi pucca or katcha. So efforts need to be taken to convert them into

pucca House.

Figure 12.3 Distribution of Households in ADPA by type of kitchen Used

44

24 22

10

10

20

30

40

50

Separate In livingRoom

Shared withOthers

OtherPlaces

Type of Kitchen

% o

f hou

seho

ld


Figure 13.3 shows the type of kitchen in houses in ADPA region. Around 56% of

the people either have the kitchen in living room or share the kitchen with others.

Programs should be taken to provide a separate kitchen in each house.


158

12.4 Action Points

The Asansol Urban Area is aware of the Housing shortages envisaged in the

area. Housing is one of the sector in which Private Sector Participation is

forthcoming. ADDA has been aggressively inviting Housing Proposals.

Housing requirement can be broken into High Net Worth (HNG), Middle Income

Group (MIG) and Lower Income Group (LIG). Projects may be structured so that

township can be developed covering all the sectors with the principle of cross

subsidy. Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects

(both public and private agencies) for EWS and LIG category with a system of

cross subsidization. The issue of Slum up gradation and rehabilitation are of

paramount importance and needs to be addressed.

The ULB’s needs to develop specialized and dedicated team to leverage on the

available land. The expertise available with ADDA can be used to the best

extent.

Housing development should be planned as per the overall norms of the city.

While developing HIG township planning for houses for service people also need

to be done. Adequate care should be taken for the parking space and there

should be a mandatory regulation enforced for designing of the houses. Properly

utilized housing for MIG and HIG has the potential to raise resources for

providing housing and basic civil amenities to the urban poor. Mechanism and

enforcement need to be created to ensure that there is no misuse of the

subsidies provided for LIG Housing development.


159

Chapter 13 : Basic Services to the Poor

13.1 Vision To provide basic level housing and access to civic amenities & services including

water supply, sanitation, education, health-care to the urban poor at affordable

prices keeping in mind the overall socio economic goals of the city and to prevent

future development of the slums through education and enforcement

13.2 Background In the Slum Area Act, 1956, Government of India has defined slum areas as

those areas where buildings are unfit for human habitation. Physically, slums

consist of clusters of hutment comprising several rooms constructed with building

materials where each room is inhabited by a family sharing a common latrine

without arrangement for water supply, drains, disposal of solid waste and

garbage within the slum boundaries. Apart from degrading environmental

conditions slums in the Asansol Area is also characterized by almost total

absence of community and recreational facilities.

In any urban area, slums are visible manifestation of urban poverty. These slum

pockets develop on their own either near a major employment source like an

industry or near a well-established residential area.

Most peri-urban slum areas are not legally part of the cities they encircle and

thus not commonly viewed as the responsibility of municipal officials. Many of

these areas are totally lacking in infrastructure for water supply, sanitation, and

solid waste disposal. The resulting environmental pollution creates a situation

inimical to the maintenance of good health. Children living in these communities

are most at risk. They suffer the highest rates of mortality and morbidity from

diarrhea disease in developing countries. Inadequate solid waste collection has

led to contamination of surface water and groundwater resources and of the

ambient air, from waste burning.


160

13.3 Status Appraisal

In the ADPA as a whole about 12% of households or 13% of persons living in

such degraded conditions are to be treated as slum dwellers.

Table 13.1 : Details of Slum Population for the Year 2001

12.7 18.6 20.17.2

42.7

01020304050

DMCAMC

Kulti(M

)

Ranug

unj(M

)

Jamuri

a(M)

% o

f Peo

ple


It is evident from the above that the number of people living in the slum area is

significant and therefore proper steps needs to be taken to ensure that the basic

amenities are provided to the people living in the slum area.

A survey clearly reveals that slum improvement has not been attempted in a

comprehensive manner.

It is proposed that a comprehensive Slum Improvement Programme be taken.

The programme shall have the following components:

Provision of Shelter & other Physical Infrastructure at affordable price so as

to improve the sanitation and living condition in the existing slums and other

squatter settlements;

Provision of adequate health care including family welfare; immunization,

child health care, etc;

Significant amount of thepopulation in the arealive in slums. About 43%of populations ofJamuria live in slums.

Development of facilities for community development and recreation

Programme for basic education and training;

Ensuring maintenance and upgradation of the existing housing stock of the

poorer sections;


161

13.4 Key Interventions It may be recognized that in order to bring about a meaningful and effective slum

development programme all efforts have to be made. An overall programme is

being developed to bring about this change. Asansol Urban Area is committed

to bringing about this change, which would contribute to the development of a

large number of its citizens.

13.4.1 Key Actions

To achieve the above objectives the following key issues and challenges related

to poverty alleviation need to be considered.

13.4.1.1 Land, Housing and Infrastructure

To provide shelter or upgrade the existing shelter for people living below poverty

line in urban slums, which will help in making cities slum free. Land ownership

and housing are critical for poverty alleviation and slum development. One of the

reasons identified for the growth of slums is the non-availability of developed land

for weaker sections.

For this purpose, in Asansol Urban area, steps will be taken for development of

housing facilities for the poor in the fringe areas and the unused lands, with

central agencies such as DSP and Railways which are lying waste or are being

used for illegal encroachment, of the city or other vacant lands outside the cities

where land price is affordable for the poor section. Also provide basic housing to

identify areas with a scheme where it there is partial recovery from the users.

Night Shelters for pavement dwellers shall also be provided and thereby the

living conditions of the pavement dwellers can be improved.


162

13.4.1.2 Community Institutions and Structures Again the growth of the community institutions and structures, particularly

community development societies and self-help groups, is weak in the area

compared to other cities in the state. Therefore to create self-help groups is to

educate people and create awareness among them so that they can take help of

various government programmes for their economic and social development.

13.4.1.3 Livelihoods, Employment and Informal Sector

It was observed that a number of programmes are currently under

implementation by various agencies for supporting employment and livelihoods

but there is no convergence and coordination across them. There are several

programmes for promoting livelihood but the people are not aware of these

programmes. So a communication strategy should be devised for increasing the

awareness among the public.

13.4.1.4 Construction of Community Toilets

For ADPA as a whole, only 8% of the households or persons have toilet

connected with the sewerage system another 39% have the septic tank type

toilet. However the presence of small percentage of households reported pit type

(0.9%), service privacy (0.7%) and as high as 43 percent of households reported

open field for defecation.

So the number of people using open space for the purpose of defecation is very

high in the region that is a major cause of concern for the sanitation of the urban

people. In order to get rid of this problem major initiative like construction of

Community Toilet in different areas should be taken so that slum dwellers do not

use “open space” as toilets. Programme for Integrated Low Cost Sanitation for

conversion of dry latrine system into water borne low cost sanitation system shall

be implemented. Also reduction of the solid waste stream, use of innovative

technologies, and health education and social marketing to change community-

and house hold level behaviors.


163

13.4.1.5 Construction of Child Care Centre sAgain health is a prime concern for people living in slum areas. Poverty and

ignorance of the people and their less nutritional status aggravate the situation.

Ignorance and superstitions continue to hamper scientific approach to health and

related problems.

There is no doubt that the public health and medical facilities increased and

improved over the years in both rural and urban areas covering a large number

of populations, but still this is much less than the required facilities. Primary

Health Centre located in rural areas failed to give proper services due to lack of

manpower, transportation and medicine and modern equipments. On the other

hand, modern scientific treatment whatever available are concentrated in urban

areas and these are beyond the reach of most of rural and urban middle class

population. Therefore, until the Governments through its institutions provide

subsidized medical facilities, the available health care facilities will remain

beyond the reach of large part of the population. The mortality rate among the

children is very high in the slum areas. So it is necessary to construct child care

centre in different areas of the region so that people from the weaker section of

the society can have proper care for their children at lowest possible cost.

13.4.1.6 Other Programmes Various programmes are to be launched towards the following objectives:

• To make people living in slums aware regarding the importance of

sanitation in a civil society and provide primary inputs to facilitate basic

sanitation.

• To exercise control over prevailing sanitary related diseases.

• To create employment opportunities for a part of population.

• To discourage open-field defecation, littering etc. inside the municipal

limits.

• To control the growth of slum in future by ensuring proper monitoring and

enforcement.

• To develop proper guidelines for slums.

• Bring change in cleanliness and sanitation practices of slum dwellers

through comprehensive awareness creation and sanitation activities

among the slum dwellers


164

13.5 Identified Schemes and Projects Durgapur


1 Slum development Programs Housing & Provision of Basic Amenities to poor 17.00

2 Operation & Maintenance 5.00

Total 22.00

Asansol


1 Provision of infrastructure in the slum area

Road, drain, street light, education, health etc 27.00

2 Basic service for urban poor Building work having community toilet, hall, etc 35.00

3 Health Care & Education Health Care 40.00 4 O&M 5.00 Total 107.00

Kulti


1 Slum improvement and rehaliation project

lighting , health , recreation.etc. 3.00

2 Maintaining basic service to the urban

Water, Sanitation, Sewarage etc 3.00

3 Operation and maintaining of assets created under this component

6.62

Total 12.62 Raniganj


1 Development of slum pocket Shelter, metal road etc 25.00


165

Jamuria


1 Development of slum pockets Shelter, metal road, concrete path, community hall, Housing.

50.58

2 Healthcare Hospital 1.50

3 Community hall Marriage hall. Dinning hall etc. 1.50

4 Children park Park 0.75 Total 54.33


166

Chapter 14 : Tourism 14.1 Vision To develop tourism in the region in line with socio- political and economic

priorities towards generation of employment, revenues, image of the place, local

community participation and recreation.

14.2 Background

The district of Burdwan is predominantly agricultural in its eastern part and highly

industrialized in the west. It has been called "rice

plate" of Bengal for its abundant agri-fields and huge

production of rice. However, while there is

substantial potential in the tourism scenario, the

same has not been exploited to its potential. The

District is commonly known for its beautiful Maithon

Dam Reservoir in Asansol, the technological marvels of the Meghnad Saha

Planetarium, the Krishnasayer Ecological Park or sophisticated Burdwan Science

Centre. There are many sites in the district enriched for their historical, cultural,

religious importance or scenic beauty or as bird’s sanctuary or hot spring etc.

Ichai Temple on the Bank of River Ajay


167

14.3 Situational Appraisal An indicative list of some of the potential places of tourist interests are as follows:

Areas of Interest Particulars Radheshyam Temple The Radheshyam temple is located in Asansol

municipal area. The Burnt- brick temple built in the

Bankura-Bishnupur style attracts tourist by its unique

structure & terracotta works. Bishnu Temple This 35 feet high stone temple, the only of its kind in

the area, believed to built during the Pal Age, houses

an idol of Lord Narayana. This temple is also located

in Asansol municipal area.

Deer Park

The Deer Park, which is located at Durgapur, can be a

real attraction to wild life lovers.

Nachan Bird Sanctuary

Tha Nachan Bird Sanctuary is also a treat to wild life

lovers. This sanctuary is located in Durgapur

municipal area. Churulia

The village Churulia is the birthplace of great Freedom

Fighter and Poet, Nazrul Islam and the birthplace is

maintained by Nazrul Academy. There is a Youth

Hostel here. The village is famous for stone carving.

Kalyaneshwari Temple

The temple of Goddess Kalyaneshwari believed to

fulfill the wishes of infertile women is more than 500

years old. The idol is carved on a piece of stone. The

temple is located in Kulti Municipality.

Durgapur barrage

Durgapur barrage is a famous picnic spot of the

region.

Maithan Dam Reservoir

Maithan dam is also a famous tourist and picnic spot

of the region. It is situated in Asansol. Tourist Hotel

and Guest House of Damodar Valley Corporation are

available.

Jaidev Kendule

Birthplace of Vaisnah poet Jaidev. Situated by the

side of river Ajoy. A traditional village fare is held

every year, starting from Poush Sankranti.


Kumar Mangalam Park

A beautiful park covering an area of 80 acres

designed and maintained by Durgapur Steel Plant.

There is a beautiful lake having an area of 10.5 acres,

and equipped with colorful fountains and boating

facility.

Troika Park

Situated in City Centre, Durgapur. It has toy train, deer

park, boating lake and ropeway facility.

Other Places

Lamya Park, Burnpur; Water Theme Park, Durgapur;

Nanchan Dam Theme Park; Bhiringi Kali Temple;

Ichai temple, Bishnupur; Massenjore Dam; Tarapith,

Bakreswar etc.

14.4 Interface with Socio-economic Policies Chapter 10

All pressure on land and natural envir

industry, agriculture) must be contro

irreversible damage to the ecological re

The tourism products(s) may be ident

factors for the entire stretch of Asansol-

Official, regulatory and commercia

handling.

Organisers travel agents and tour

Bhiringi Kali Temple at Durgapur

The measures to be adopted for tourism and

recreation planning (training, financing,

infrastructure, land control, protection of

resources etc.) must be coherent with other

regional area

168

onment from any origin (tourism, mining,

lled with the objective of avoiding any

sources.

ified by careful analyses of the following

Durgapur planning area:

l tourism services –Nature of control and

operators – quality of operation.


169

Role of promoters, developers and financers.

Local inhabitants working in tourism sector.

Existing and potential tourists – their Quantum and nature.

Local inhabitants not befitting from tourism sector.

Public authorities planning infrastructure and finance.

14.5 Action Plans

• Moreover abandoned mines can be developed and designed into well-

landscaped stretches to develop for nature based tourism activities.

Open cast mining areas can be given to geological and mining

researcher for study.

Considering that there has been limited exploitation of the tourism sector, it

would be necessary to carry out a detailed study and then identify the potential

and plans to make the region a preferred Tourist Destination

• Analysis of the Socio-Cultural relevance, religious importance,

architectural uniqueness, heritage value and existing supportive facilities

for different scales tourism activities.

• Evaluation of the various approach by different modes of transport for the

convenience of local and regional users.

• Identification of the emerging threats and possible causes of decay for

these existing places of tourism value.

• Exploring newer areas for nature based tourism like picnicking or

weekend tourism along Ajay riverfront hither to neglected.

• Encouraging diversified nature based recreational activities along

Damodar riverfront. It will also generate additional revenue and help in

image building of this area.


170

• Encouraging diversified nature based recreational activities along

Damodar river front. It will also generate additional revenue and help in

image building of this area.

• Moreover abandoned mines can be developed and designed into well-

landscaped stretches to develop for nature based tourism activities.

Open cast mining areas can be given to geological and mining

researcher for study.

• Area with greater ethnic tribal groups concentration will be promoted and

developed for tourism interest.

• Checking the possibility of utilizing existing ropeway pylons to carry

tourists in cable cars at upper level for enjoying panoramic views

The Asansol Urban Area and its surroundings

is enriched with many historical landmarks,

places of tourism interest both from science

and cultural point of view. Though these

places are scattered throughout area, but

marketing the places through publicity,

advertising and awareness can heighten the importance of these places of

interest. The measure to be adopted for development of tourism must be in tune

with other regional or planning area development policies. Moreover, tourism

development must reflect socio-political and economic priorities towards

generation of employment, revenue generation, regional development and image

building of the place.

14.6 Schemes for Tourism

S.I. No Name of the Scheme Cost in crores

1 Preservation & Conservation of

Heritage Buildings, Monuments etc. 8.5


171

Chapter 15 : Reform Program

The agenda of reforms is given in the section below. The National Steering

Group (NSG) may add additional reforms to identified reforms. A Memorandum

of Agreement (MoA) between States/ULBs/Parastatal agencies and the

Government of India, a prerequisite for accessing the Central assistance, would

spell out specific milestones to be achieved for each item of reform. All

mandatory and optional reforms shall be completed within the Mission period.

15.1 Background and Reform Goals The thrust of the JNNURM is to ensure improvement in urban governance and

service delivery so that ULBs become financially sound and sustainable for

undertaking new programmes. It is also envisaged that, with the charter of

reforms that are followed by the State governments and ULBs, a stage will be set

for PPPs.

All mandatory and optional reforms shall be completed within the Mission period.

15.2 Reform Agenda

1. Mandatory Reforms

1. Mandatory Reforms at the Level of ULBs, and Parastatal Agencies Adoption of modern accrual-based double entry system of accounting

in ULBs and parastatal agencies.

Introduction of a system of e-governance using IT applications, such

GIS and MIS for various services provided by ULBs and parastatal

agencies.

Reform of property tax with GIS. It becomes a major source of

revenue for ULBs an arrangement for its effective implementation so

that collection efficiency reaches at least 85 per cent within next seven

years.


172

Levy of reasonable user charges by ULBs and Parastatals with the

objective that the full cost of O&M or recurring cost is collected within

the next seven years. However, cities and towns in the North East and

other special category States may recover only 50 percent of O&M

charges initially. These cities and towns should graduate to full O&M

cost recovery in a phased manner.

Internal earmarking, within local bodies, budgets for basic services to

the urban poor.

Provision of basic services to the urban poor including security of

tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply and

sanitation. Delivery of other existing universal services of the

government for education, health and social security is ensured.

2. Optional Reforms (common to States, ULBs and Parastatal Agencies)

The following optional reforms are expected to be undertaken by ULBs,

parastatal agencies and State governments:

a. Revision of byelaws to streamline the approval process for construction

of buildings, development of site etc.

b. Simplification of legal and procedural frameworks for conversion of land

from agricultural to non-agricultural purposes.

c. Introduction of Property Title Certification System in ULBs.

d. Earmarking at least 20-25 per cent of developed land in all housing

projects (both public and private agencies) for EWS and LIG category

with a system of cross subsidisation.

e. Introduction of computerised process of registration of land and property.

f. Revision of byelaws to make rain-water harvesting mandatory in all

buildings and adoption of water conservation measures.


173

g. Byelaws for reuse of recycled water.

h. Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in establishment costs by adopting

the Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS), not filling posts falling vacant

due to retirement etc., and achieving specified milestones in this regard.

i. Structural reforms.

j. Encouraging PPP. Note: Cities under the JNNURM will have the freedom to opt for any two reforms from the optional category in each year of implementation. 15.3 Impact of Reform Agenda

The set of reforms has substantially improved the planning process. Following

the twelfth schedule of the Constitutional Act of 1992, the functions defined under

the said schedule has been assigned to the respective ULBs.

One of the Key Elements of the Process is to strengthen the Urban Local

Bodies through a Reform Process and to enable them to function in line

Tie introduction of decentralized planning and development process has already

been done through enactment of DPC and MPC Acts. Moreover, the Bengal

Municipal Act has also been thoroughly overhauled to support ht e functioning of

the decentralized institutional framework in the State.

The State Government intends to consider the repeal of the Urban Land (Ceiling

and Regulation) Act 1976 during the mission period. The West Bengal Premises

Tenancy Act was thoroughly overhauled in1997 and then amended with the

latest amendment-taking place in 2005. This Act provides for a number of

reforms pertaining to both transfer of tenancy and regulation of rent.

The reduction of Stamp Duty over a period of five years would also give a fillip to

the construction of dwelling units.

Reform Action Plans for JNNURM


174

with the provisions of the Constitution (seventy-fourth) Amendment Act,

1992. The Government of West Bengal and the Urban Local Bodies

reaffirms its commitment to the Reform Process stipulated in the

JNNURM.

A snap shot of the status of the key reforms are as follows:

Mandatory Reforms for ULBs in Asansol Urban Area S.

No. Reforms Current Status/Plan

1 Adoption of modern accrual-

based double entry system of

accounting

Durgapur Municipal

Corporation has already

adopted accrual based double

entry system of accounting,

Asansol Municipal Corporation

and the municipalities Kulti,

Jammuria, Raniganj will be

implementing the accrual

based double entry system

which shall be completed by

2008.

2 Introduction of system of e-

governance using IT applications,

such GIS and MIS for various

services provided by ULBs under

Asansol Urban Area

Nodal agency ADDA has its

own official website.

Process for full automation of

the building permission is on

Property tax collection system

will be automated; process for

automation has already

started.

Overall E-governance system

to be completed and

implemented by 2009


175

S. No.

Reforms Current Status/Plan

3

Reform of property tax with GIS.

It becomes a major source of

revenue for ULBs and

arrangements for its effective

implementation so that collection

efficiency reaches at least 85 per

cent within next seven years.

Is in process of identification

of un-assessed properties tax

assessment and shall be

transferring entirely on GIS

platform by 2009

Collection target of 85%

collection shall be achieved

within 2010

Reform Process to be

completed by 2009

4 Levy of reasonable user charges

by ULBs under Asansol Urban

Area with the objective that the

full cost of O&M or recurring cost

is collected within the next seven

years.

Proposed to introduce

additional conservancy cess to

recover full cost of the

operation. Achieving 85% cost

recovery of O&M by 2010

5 Internal earmarking, within local

bodies, budgets for basic

services to the urban poor.

Primary and secondary

education, Health and Family

Welfare Centres maintained

by PMC, these services

mostly cater to the Urban

Poor.

Expenditure for urban poor is

earmarked and is being

increased every year by the

corporations and

municipalities in the Asansol

Urban Area


176

S. No.


6 Provision of basic services to the

urban poor including security of

tenure at affordable prices,

improved housing, water supply

and sanitation. Delivery of other

existing universal services of the

government for education, health

and social security is ensured.

15 – 20 % of the housing

project has been earmarked

for LIG

Providing services to urban

poor has been included in the

JNNURM Schemes and shall

be completed within the

Mission Period.


177

Optional Reforms for ULBs in Asansol Urban Area S.

No. Reforms Current Status/Plan

1 Revision of bye-laws to streamline

the approval process for

construction of buildings,

development of site etc.

To be implemented by 2009

2 Simplifications of Legal and

Procedural frameworks for

conversion of land from

agricultural to non- agricultural

purposes.

Being done to be completed by

2008

3 Introduction to Property Title

Certification System in ULBs


2008

4 Earmarking at least 20-25 per cent

of developed land in all housing

projects (both public and private

agencies) for EWS and LIG

category with a system of cross

subsidisation.

To be completed by 2009

15%- 20% of the Housing

projects have been earmarked

for LIG

5 Introduction of computerised

process of registration of land and

property.


2010

6 Revision of byelaws to make rain-

water harvesting mandatory in all

buildings and adoption of water

conservation measures.

To be implemented by 2009.

7 Byelaws for reuse of recycled

water

To be implemented by 2009

8 Administrative reforms i.e.

reduction in establishment costs

by adopting the Voluntary

PPP already introduced in

Housing Sector Project,

Collection on Account of Water,


178

Retirement Scheme (VRS), not

filling Posts falling vacant due to

retirement etc., and achieving

specified milestones in this regard.

Structural Reforms

Encouraging PPP

licence fees etc have already

been outsourced.

PPP in water, roads, solid

waste management being

developed

PPP option will be considered

wherever possible under the

schemes identified under the

JNNURM Mission


179

Mandatory Reforms by Government of West Bengal Sr. No.


1 Implementation of decentralisation

measures as envisaged in 74th

constitutional Amendment Act.

The State should ensure

meaningful association and

engagement of ULBs in planning

the function of parastatal agencies

as well as the delivery of services

to the citizens.

Major decentralization

done process will be co

within the mission plan

already

mpleted

2 Repeal of ULCRA To be Repealed Within 7 years

from now

3 below

erty qualify to be

under rent control.

Reform of Rent Control Laws

balancing the interests of

landlords and tenants.

Current rental ceiling

which prop

Provision for reform of rent

control laws has been

completed.

4 Rationalisation of Stamp Duty to

bring it down to no more than 5

per cent within next seven years.

Urban – 8- 10 %

Time line for reducing stamp

duty rates to 5 % or less than

5% has been worked out as 5

years from now

Current stamp duty rates

applicable to property related

transaction;

Rural – 6-8 %

5 Enactment of the Public

Disclosure Law to ensure

preparation of medium-term fiscal

Already in place


180

plan of ULBs and parastatal

agencies and release of quarterly

performance information to all

stakeholders.

6 Enactment of the Community

Participation Law to institutionalise

citizen’s participation and

introduce the concept of the Area

Sabha in urban areas.

Already in place

7 Assigning or associating elected

ULBs with “city planning function”.

Over a period of seven years,

transferring all special agencies

that deliver civic services in urban

areas to ULBs and creating

accountability platforms for all

urban civic service providers in

transition.

Will be completed within 7

years


181

Optional Reforms by Government of West Bengal

Sr. No.

Current Status/Plan Reforms

1 Revision of bye-laws to streamline the

approval process for construction of

buildings, development of site etc

Will be completed within 2 years

2 Simplification of legal and procedural

frameworks for conversion of land from

agricultural to non-agricultural purposes.


3 Introduction of property Title Certification

system in ULBs

Process will be completed within 6

years

4 Earmarking at least 20 – 25% of developed

land in all housing projects(both Public and

Private agencies) for EWS and LIG category

with a system of cross subsidization


5 Introduction of computerized process of

registration of Land & Property


6 Revision of byelaws to make rain-water

harvesting mandatory in all buildings and

adoption of water conservation measures.


7 Byelaws for reuse of recycled water Will be completed within 2 years

8 Administrative reforms i.e. reduction in

establishment costs by adopting the

Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS), not

filling Posts falling vacant due to retirement

etc., and achieving specified milestones in

this regard.

Structural Reforms

Encouraging PPP

Will be completed within 5 years from

now

Structural reforms to be completed

within 7 years from now

PPP being strongly encouraged


182

Chapter 16 : Urban Renewal Programme 16.1 Vision The programme aimed at creating an integrated development of urban

infrastructure with special emphasis on providing basic services to the poor like

housing, sanitation and slum improvement would be implemented.

16.2 Background

Urban renewal is a combination of the process of rehabilitation, conservation and

redevelopment. It is the nature and stage of ‘decay’ that determines the strategy

to be adopted: rehabilitation, conservation or redevelopment or a combination of

them. It strives to provide its citizen a better place to live and attract visitors to the

city.

However, be it rehabilitation, redevelopment, conservation or a combination of

one or two or all of them, a comprehensive urban renewal exercise involves

technological interventions, planning and partnership / networking between

various agencies and authorities. Urban renewal implies both – investment in

new physical infrastructure and policy reform to ensure new ways of governing

our cities.

16.3 Key Issues

The Asansol Urban Region is characterized by high growth of industries and

dense population in and around the transport corridor. Due to this the region is

experiencing rapid growth of trade and commerce. As a result lots of people

migrate from different parts of the country to the region increasing pressure on

the available infrastructure facilities.


183

16.3.1 Presence of Industries in Busy Areas

The major problem of the region is that different types and sizes of industries are

congested in different busy areas of the cities. These industries are major cause

of pollution in the region. As most of the individual plants do not invest sufficient

amount of money for pollution control it affects the people living in the cities.

Apart from that there is no common facility for solid waste management to take

care of solid waste generated by different plants. All these add to the pollution in

the environment.

Again as most of the industries are located in the busy areas of the cities, they

are major cause of congestion in the city roads. Due to loading and unloading of

industrial outputs and inputs, most of the intra city roads get affected. The

condition of roads also deteriorated due to movement of heavy vehicles inside

the cities.

16.3.2 Presence of Wholesale Markets

In the Asansol Urban Region wholesale markets are causing huge congestion.

Most of the markets are situated besides busy roads. So most of the wholesale

activities take place in the footpaths of the nearby roads of the markets. That

encroaches the footpath of the busy market area. As a result of this most of the

pedestrians can not use the footpaths of the market areas. This causes a large

number of accidents in the area.

Again huge amount of garbage is dumped everyday in the markets that causes

pollution and makes roads dirty. Again as the markets are situated in the busy

areas of the cities it also causes noise pollution, which is not according to the

norms of the modern cities.


184

16.3.3 Presence of Khatals

In Durgapur Municipal area Khatals are present at different places like DVC

More, Coke Oven Factory, DTPS Colony, Steel Township, Sukanta Pally,

Shankarpur More. In other municipal areas also khatals are found at different

locations in the cities. These khatals need to be shifted immediately.

16.3.4 Scarcity of Housing due to Rise in Migration As a large number of industries, mines are situated in the area and new

industries are growing, the region generates large number of employment

opportunities. So migration takes place from different cities and villages of the

neighborhood areas. Most of these people live in the slums of the cities in the

region. As a result number of slum dwellers is increasing in the area.

In any urban area slums are considered as visible manifestation of urban

poverty. These slum pockets develop on their own either near a huge

employment source like an industry or near a well-established residential area.

Slums are likely source of public health hazard because of the presence of

unsanitary living conditions and lack of civic infrastructure facilities.

Data and estimates show that in the ADPA as a whole about 12% of households

or 13% of persons living in such degraded conditions are to be treated as slum

dwellers. Again the population living in slum areas is highest (43%) for the

Jamuria, followed by Kulti, AMC, DMC and Raniganj areas.

A large number of khatals can be found in the heart of the cities of the region.

These khatals are also source of different types of pollution and diseases.

Khatals are the birthplace of mosquitoes and therefore many people die every

year due to malaria.


185

16.4 Major Action Points

16.4.1 Construction of Industrial Parks

To solve the problems regarding congestion of industries in busy areas of the

cities, there is an urgent need to develop a industrial park in Asansol and

Durgapur cities. An industrial park is a community of manufacturing and service

businesses located together on a common property. Member businesses seek

enhanced environmental, economic, and social performance through

collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues. By working

together, the community of businesses seeks a collective benefit that is greater

than the sum of individual benefits each company would realize by only

optimizing its individual performance.

The goal of an industrial park is to improve the economic performance of the

participating companies while minimizing their environmental impacts.

Components of this approach include green design of park infrastructure and

plants (new or retrofitted); cleaner production, pollution prevention; energy

efficiency; and inter-company partnering. It also seeks benefits for neighboring

communities to assure that the net impact of its development is positive.

In an industrial park 55-60% of the total area is used for the purpose of

construction industrial plants, 13-15% of the area is used for internal roads (40%

of it includes metallic roads and footpaths and 60% includes various utility

corridors like sewerage line, telecom cable, power cable, storm water drainage

etc.), 10% is used for green space like space for plantation, water bodies, open

space etc and rest of the areas for common infrastructure like electric substation,

sewerage treatment plant, pollution treatment plant, telephone exchange etc.. So

an industrial park provides common infrastructure for all industries in the park.

This helps in reducing environmental pollution in a very cost effective manner.

As all the existing industries relocate to the industrial parks and new industries

also come up in the industrial parks, major beneficiaries will be the people living

in the Asansol and Durgapur cities. The cost of each such industrial park will be

around Rs 20 crores.


186

16.4.2 Shifting Wholesale Markets Outside the City Currently the wholesale markets are spread over the cities causing congestion in

the roads inside the cities. So it will be better to relocate all the wholesale

markets outside the cities at the logistic hubs. It will ensure that all the wholesale

activities (loading, unloading, storage and sale) take place at the logistic hub

outside the city only.

For that purpose the logistic hub will also include a wholesale trade and storage center.

This center will have modern storage facilities for different types of products like building

materials, auto components, food grains etc. All the inter city trucks will unload products at

the logistic hub and small trucks will be used to move those products inside the city.

This will help in decongesting the city areas and reducing pressure on the intra

city roads. Again the condition of the roads along the existing market area can be

improved reducing the number of accidents in the cities.

16.4.3 Shifting of Khatals

The existing khatals need to be shifted outside the cities at a place where land is

vacant and the price of land is very low. This will reduce pollution in the cities and

will help in keeping cities clean.

16.4.4 Relocation of Slums Outside the City

Slums need to be relocated outside the cities to improve the sanitary condition of

the cities. Necessary steps need to be taken to build proper housing facilities for

increasing number of people in the cities. Having a secure place to live is central

to life with dignity. A safe and adequate living environment is essential to quality

of life and it fosters physical and mental health as it enables participation in the

community and the exercise of many social and cultural rights. Adequate housing

not only meets the need for shelter from the elements, but also for physical

security and personal privacy. Housing contributes to community life as a place

for social events and for nurturing family and community relationships. Housing

may also be essential to a family’s income as income-generation activities are

sometimes based in the home.


187

Again proper actions need to be taken to stop migration from different areas.

Improving road network with the rural areas, increasing transportation facilities,

can do it and the cost of such transportation must be affordable for rural people.

In this way it will be possible to ensure that labors can come to the city and go

back at the end of the day. This help to reduce the pressure of increasing

demand for housing facilities.

16.4.5 City Beautification Measures A number of city beautification measures need to be taken to ensure that the city

looks clean and beautiful. The city beautification measures may include

plantation along the footpath or median of roads, building parks, beautification of

water bodies, developing and implementing maintenance norms for buildings

along the important roads of the cities etc.

16.5 Schemes & Programs

Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Component Cost

(Rs.crores)

1 Urban renewal of Bhiringi-

Benachity old area.

Through renewal

schemes 5

2 Urban renewal/revival of

Durgapur Bazar Area -do- 2

3 Improvement – cum – Renewal of

Durgapur Station area -do- 10

4

Shifting of Khatals from inner city,

DVC More, Coke Oven Factory,

DTPS Colony, Steel Township,

Sukanta Pally, Shankarpur More.

Reduce pollution 5

5 Shifting of Khatals from AMC area -do- 3

6 Shifting of Ranigunge Market -do- 15

Total 40


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Chapter 17 : Finance & City Investment Plan 17.1 Financial Status of ULBs in the Asansol Urban Area

Table 17.1 : Asansol Municipal Corporation Rs lacs

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Particulars

Amount %of total Amount % growth Amount %

growth

Revenue Receipts 953.6 - 1118.43 17.28 1171.28 4.72

Own source 351.21 36.83 432.02 23 572.08 -

Shared Revenue 68.73 7.21 91.03 32.44 114.95 26.28

Govt. & other revenue grants 533.66 55.96 595.38 11.56 484.25 -18.66

Revenue Expenditure 926.49 - 1022.78 10.39 1080.37 5.63

Revenue Surplus / Deficit 27.11 - 95.65 - 90.91 - Revenue surplus / Deficit

excluding government grant -506.55 -499.73 - -393.34- -

Capital Receipts 107.52 - 306.11 - 353.94 -

Capital Expenditure 894.56 - 685.26 - 1000.4 -

Source : Asansol Municipal Corporation Table 17.2 : Durgapur Municipal Corporation Rs lacs

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Particulars

Amount %of total Amount % growth Amount %

growth Revenue Receipts: 1273.03 100 1354.13 - 1622.33 -

Own source 587.58 46.16 598.18 1.8 749.1 25.23

Shared Revenue 75.65 5.94 99.9 32 132.55 32.68 Govt. & other revenue

grants 609.8 47.84 656.05 7.58 740.68 12.9

Revenue Expenditure 993.64 100 15.95 989.56 -0.41 1147.4 Revenue Surplus / Deficit 279.39 364.57 - - 474.93 - Revenue surplus / Deficit

excluding government grant -330.41 - -291.48 - -265.75 -

Capital Receipts 589.52 - 663.87 - 648.7 - Capital Expenditure 1258.01 - 1252.66 - 1071.34 -

Source : Durgapur Municipal Corporation


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Table 17.3 : Raniganj Municipality Rs lacs

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Particulars Amount

%of total

Amount

% Growt

h Amou

nt %

Growth

Revenue Receipts: 278.75 100 340.59 - 408.4 -

Own source 103.9 37.27 155.41

49.58 169.86 9.3

Govt. & other revenue grants

174.85 62.73 185.18 5.91 238.54 28.81

Revenue Expenditure 300.65 100 331.82 10.37 361.87 9.06 Revenue Surplus / Deficit (21.9) - 8.77 - 46.53 - Revenue surplus / Deficit

excluding government grant

(196.75) - (176.41) - (192.01

) -

Capital Receipts 140 - 83.08 - 220.41 - Source : Ranigunj Municipality Table 17.4 : Jamuria Municipality Rs lacs

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Particulars

Amount

%of total

Amount

%Growth

Amount

% Growth

Revenue Receipts: 116.53 100 104.49 (10.33) 245.49 134

Own source 24.19 28.19 23.65 (16.10) 108.01 356*

Govt. & other revenue grants

88.34 75.81 70.06 80.84 (8.49) 137.48

Revenue Expenditure 45.83 100 60.38 31.75 70.23 16.31

Revenue Surplus / Deficit 175.26 70.7 - 44.11 - -

Revenue surplus / Deficit excluding government

grant (17.64) - (36.73) - 37.78 -

Capital Receipts 206.39 - 177.62 - 131.21 - Source : Jamuria Municipality


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Table 17.5 : Kulti Municipality Rs Lacs

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

Particulars Amount

%of total Amount %

growth Amou

nt %

growth

Revenue Receipts: 421.02 342.63 (100) 390.26 13.90 7.88 Own source 55.76 16.27 53.08 (4.8) 51.11 3.71

Govt. & other revenue grants 286.86 83.73 17.54 337.17 369.90 9.71

Revenue Expenditure (2.86) (2.97) 336.85 (100) 327.22 317.49 Revenue Surplus / Deficit 5.78 63.03 103.52 Revenue surplus / Deficit

excluding government grant

(281.08) (274.14) (266.38

)

Capital Receipts 11.27 334.00 511.93 Source : Kulti Municipality

• There is extremely low recovery of the cost of services being rendered

by the Bodies. For example Durgapur recover water charges only from

Bulk Users. Even then the rate is only a fraction of the cost involved.

17.2 Summary of Observations

• All the Municipalities are virtually fully dependent on Government Grants.

None of the bodies are in a position to presently sustain its expenses in

the event the grants are withdrawn.

• Revenue receipts from all the local bodies have increased. However, the

level of recovery is poor and needs to be enhanced substantially

• Expenditures of almost all the bodies eat up majority of the income.

General Administration & Finance, Conservancy, Water Supply,

Drainage & Sewerage and Public Works are the main sources of

expenditure. There has been however some improvement in this regard

in the last few years. . In order to reduce cost, process of benchmarking

can be adopted.

• There are substantial over dues from Government Agencies, which

needs to be cleared.


191

17.3 Background

• The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act 1992 has redefined the role,

power, function and finances of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) wherein

the Twelfth schedule of the constitution lists additional functions to be

carried out by ULBs. This would result in a significant increase in the

expenditure incurred by ULBs with a corresponding increase in

requirement of funds.

• Over a period of time ULBs will need to be self sufficient and will need to

substantially increase revenue generation from Own Sources

• Urban Reform Incentive Fund (URIF) has laid down the reform for levy of

reasonable User Charges by ULBs with the objective of recovering full

cost of operation and maintenance by the end of the 10th Five Year

Plan. Further an 85% collection efficiency needs to be achieved as a

part of Property Tax Reform Measure.

• The Rapid growth of urban population leading to increasing demand of

urban service. In the present circumstances, the expenditure for services

exceeds the revenues and hence growing urbanisation and demand

would only add to the losses.

• Traditional public funding of projects need replacement by governance

through creditworthiness to access capital market and leverage private

finance. This will need the Balance Sheets of the respective corporations

to become healthy.


192

17.4 Action Plans The Local Bodies fully recognize the importance of the above developments and is committed to take urgent steps in this regard.

• Levy of Surcharge on holdings totally/ partially used for commercial

purpose;

• Levy of reasonable tariffs and Intense Recovery;

In order strengthen the revenue streams of the Local Bodies. A package of

interventions, which consists of a mix of short term, medium term and long-term

measures.

Short Term & Medium Term Action Plans

• E- Governance to be implemented and computerisaton of entire systems

and records;

Recognizing the importance of strengthening the Asansol Municipal Corporation and Durgapur Municipal Corporation in association with USAID has already taken steps to strengthen the ULBs. And make them financial creditworthy

• Initiation of detailed survey to identify un assessed and under assessed

properties;

• Strengthening of Assessment Department with adequate staffing; • Lobbying with the State Government and Central Government (through

the State Government) for settlement and subsequent regular payment

of Tax dues by Central and State Government agencies;

• Leverage on Idle Assets;

• Restructuring and Revaluation of Balance Sheet;

• Introduction of Self-Assessment System;

• Increase Water Connections;

This move shall be extended to the other local bodies in the area.


193

The following table indicates the overall framework in which the restructuring and

strengthening is proposed to be carried out.

Stemming Revenue Leakage

Stemming Revenue Leakage Tapping Scope for Revenue

EnhancementTapping Scope for Revenue

Enhancement

Strengthening of Internal Systems

Strengthening of Internal Structure

Identification of New Sources of Revenue

Review of Tariff Structure

Review of potential for outsourcing of services / functions cost reduction

APPROACH

APPROACH

System Analysis Review of internal

systems and procedures governing revenue assessment, billing and collection , interface with other departments & other aspects of financial

management

Structure Analysis Review of department structure, delegation ,

span of control, decentralisation

• Review of Act• Review of the practices in other

corporations/ Municipalities• Reforms taken up by GoWB

• Review of the practices in other corporations/ Municipalities

• Review cost related to revenue generator

Linkage to• Services• Assets• Revenue

TOOLS

USED

TOOLS

USED

Strengthening of Internal Systems for the

Revenue function

Strengthening of Revenue department and enchanced productivity

Identification of New Sources of Revenue

Revision of Tariff Structure

Identification of innovative practice

for billing and collection like outsourcing of

collection function, etc.All Demand

backed by collection

Assessment backed by demand

New properties brought into assessment

New Demands Improved Collection Efficiency

IMPROVED REVENUEIMPROVED REVENUE

END

OBJECTIVE

END

OBJECTIVE


194

17.5 City Investment Plan

• State Government will be providing 50 % of the project cost as grants.

• The Other 30% of the project cost will be funded by ULBs own, source

PPP basis, issue of bonds & other funding.

It is recognized that the NURM Mission is an important stepping-stone to make

the Urban Local Bodies self-sufficient and financially independent. It is also

important to ensure that the assets being created are adequately maintained and

adequate resources are allocated for the same.

The city investment plan for Asansol Urban Region has been formed, keeping in

mind the following assumptions:

For Project relating to Slum Development, the project cost is proposed to be

funded in the following manner:

• Central Government will be providing 50% of the project cost as grants.

For Project relating to Non – Slum development, the project cost will be funded

in the following manner:

• Central Government will be providing 50% of the project cost as grants.

• State Government will be providing 20 % of the project cost as grants.

It is also pertinent to note that Asansol Durgapur Development Authority (ADDA)

has in-principle agreed to support the ULB through financial assistance on and

appropriate structure.

17.6 Sustainability & Financial Options

In order to ensure the above, the following steps are being taken:


195

• Strengthening of Financial State of ULBs As mentioned earlier, comprehensive steps are being taken to identify

opportunities to strengthen the financial health of the Urban Local Bodies. A

range of short term and medium term interventions are being taken up with the

objective of generating adequate resources within the ULBs so as to suitably

operate and maintain the projects. The measure includes levy of surcharge on

holding used for commercial purposes, conduct provisional assessment,

enforcing collection drives and gradually increase tariffs so as to ensure user

charges are adequate to recover at the least operation and maintenance costs of

individual projects. This is particularly relevant for Water Projects where present

collection is far below the costs.

• Public Private Partnership Projects

The region recognizes the importance of PPP not only as a funding mechanism

but also an important tool to bring in efficiencies as well as ensure proper

operation and maintenance of the assets being created herein,

A spectrum of PPP options ranging from agreeing frameworks (such as

community contracts) to full privatization has been thought about. Five

partnership options, which are most common, are

• Build Operate Transfer (BOT)

• Joint Venture

However the choice of option in a given situation will depend on factors such

as degree of control desired by the ULBs, legal framework for Private

Investment, regulatory mechanism and potential of attracting financial

resources form both the public and private sectors.

• Service Contracts

• Concessions

• Community Based Provisions


196

For example Service contract option of PPP has been considered for

improving solid waste management practices. PPP options in sectors such

as Water supply, Sewerage and drainage has also been considered with a

mix of Service and BOT Contracts. In transportation sector, major PPP

contracts have been envisaged..

Presently it is difficult for the ULBs to raise resources independently, In view

of the following steps are required to be taken in a phase wise manner which

is expected to strengthen there financial structure.

• ULBs Fund Raising

Phase I: Balance Sheet Restructuring

o Revaluation of Assets- in municipalities what happens is

that usually the assets are not revalued for long time; they

are recorded in the books of accounts at the price in which it

was purchased or brought. So if the assets can be revalued

at a realistic price, this can have a sound impact on the

balance sheet of the ULBs.

o Leveraging Idle Assets- The ULBs need to identify idle

assets that they can leverage out to private players and earn

sufficient revenues. Even the unutilized assets of DSP and

railways they can use for commercial purposes and earn

sufficient revenues.

Balance sheet restructuring will involve activities which will aim to

enhance the financial strength of the ULBs in the Asansol Urban Area.


197

o Escrow able Receivables- Structured Financing against Escrowing of receivables can also be a good procedure to

attract private players, since if the receivables are escrowed,

the private players can be convinced to invest.

Phase II:

Balance Sheet Funding- if the above mentioned factors can be

properly implemented, the balance sheet of ULBs will become stronger

which will help the ULBs to raise funds by means of its balance sheet

position.

If the above mentioned activities can be implemented properly it will

enhance the financial strength of the Balance sheet of the ULBs in the

Asansol Urban Area region, after the strengthening of the Balance

sheet the following activities can be resorted to.

Stock & Bond issues- Only the larger municipalities raise loans in this

way. A municipality must be creditworthy to conclude deals of this

nature successfully. On completion of the restructuring, balance sheets

can be be strong enough to raise resources.

Phase III: User Group Fund- ULBs can raise funds from the common usage

group, by showing them what benefits they will derive if the project is

done, here the benefits can be expressed in monetary terms with the

help of cost benefit analysis.

• Creation of Infrastructure Fund

It is recognized that the above measures shall take some time for

development and implementation. In the meantime, in order to ensure

that the assets are properly operated and maintained, a fund shall be

created. The fund shall be taken as a part of the project costs.


198

The above principles shall be taken into account while preparing individual project proposals and shall be reflected in the respective DPRs.

Keeping in mind the above factors financing pattern for every sector has been provided below

Proposed Sources and Means of Finance Sources of Finance

Sl Sources Amount (Crores)

1 Central Government 764

2 State Government 364

3 ULB/Bonds/PPP/ADDA contribution 401

Total Investment 1529

Utilisation

Sl Sources Amount (Crores)

1 Transportation 554

2 Drainage 134

3 Service to Urban Poor 221

4 Water 316

5 Solid Waste 30

6 Sewerage 174

7 Environment 51

8 Renewal 40

9 Tourism 9 Total 1529


199

17.7 Funding Pattern for Muncipalities and Municipal Corporation 17.7.1 Funding Pattern for AMC

17.7.2 Funding Pattern for DMC

S.No Mode of Financing Source % of Total Investment

Identified Investments 785 100 1 Grants JNNURM 549.5 70

2 Loan / PPP / Contribution of ULBs Open Market/ FIs 235.5 30

Amount (Rs. Crores)

S. No Mode of Financing Source Amount (Rs

Crores) % of Total Investment

Identified Investments 336 100 1 Grants JNNURM 235.20 70

2 Loan / PPP / Contribution of ULBs Open Market/ FIs 100.80 30

17.7.3 Funding Pattern for Raniganj Municipality



Identified Investments 110 100 1 Grants JNNURM 77 70

2 Loan / PPP / Contribution of ULBs 33 30

Open Market/ FIs


200

17.7.4 Funding Pattern for Jamuria Municipality



Identified Investments 159 100 1 Grants JNNURM 111 70%

2 Loan / PPP / Contribution of ULBs Open Market/FIs 48 30%

17.7.5 Funding Pattern for Kulti Municipality

S. No Mode of Financing Source Amount (Rs Crores)

% of Total Investment

Identified Investments 140 100 1 Grants JNNURM 98 70%

2 Loan/ PPP/ Contribution of ULBs Open Market/FIs 42 30%

Assumption:

• Rate of interest on loan has been computed at 8% p.a

• The expected repayment period for the loan amount is 20 years out of which there will be

a moratorium period on the principal amount for the first 5 years.

• Payment will be made on the basis of equal annual installments.

• Income from different sources will increase at the rate of10 % each year and the

expenses from different sources will increase at the rate of 3% from the same year.

• It is assumed that the recovery rate of O & M expenses of the new projects under

JNNURM will be 10% in the first year and it will gradually improve to 100% in 5 years

period.

• An O & M Revolving Fund will be created out of Grant to support the deficit arising from

the non recovery of the O & M cost.

• The deficit between income and utilization will be envisaged by Government Grants,

Funds from GMDA and Funds from State Government.

• It has been assumed that Revenue earned from Government grants will decrease with

the coming years.


2

17.8 Consolidated Financial Operating Plan
Rs Lakh
01

17.9 Financial Operating Plan for Asansol Municipal Corporation
2

Rs Lakh

02


17.10 Financial Operating Plan for Durgapur Municipal Corporation

2

Rs Lakh

03

17.11 Financial Operating Plan for Ranigunj Municipality
Rs Lakhs

204

17.12 Financial Operating Plan for Jamuria Municipality
2

Rs Lakh

05


17.13 Financial Operating Plan for Kulti Municipality

20

Rs Lakh

6

CDP Asansol

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