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Suburbanization and Race: A Development Issue
Alyssa Monturi
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Suburbanization
“The process of suburbanization resulted in the abandonment of
many inner cities across the country which led to racial segregation and
heighten class divisiveness.”
Ron Goodwin
http://racism-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/
suburbanization_and_the_american_dream
What is Suburbanization?
• Suburbanization can be generally understood through two phenomena
1. “Pull” of new suburbs
2.“Push” from the inner cities.
http://racism-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/suburbanization_and_the_american_dream
Gentrification• Highly controversial process in which urban developers
convert lower income neighborhoods and inner-city ghettos into more upscale communities with condominiums, loft apartments and wealthier tenants for renovated homes.
• Current residents often cannot afford to pay the higher rents or assume a mortgage, gentrification efforts usually force them into even lower class areas with even higher crime rates.
• Local businesses, which formerly catered to the needs of working-class residents may either have to relocate, close or sell out to new investors.
• Gentrification does achieve its stated goal of renovation and renewal, but it can also create an entirely new set of social and economic problems for poor, inner city residents who have been displaced, and/or marginalized
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-gentrification.htmWritten by Michael Pollick; Last Modified June 04, 2010http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1104493
White Flight
• A term used to describe the trend of whites fleeing urban communities to the suburbs as minority populations increase.
• Scholars debate yet often agree that racism plays a large role in this trend
• According to Leah Platt Boustan, Since many public goods are locally financed, segregation between the inner city and the suburbs generates disparities in access to education and other public services.
• For Further Reading on Apartheid Schooling: Jonathon Kozol: The Shame of the Nation
http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic/?csi=258971&sr=headline%28Was+Postwar+Suburbanization+%22White+Flight%22%3F+Evidence+from+the+Black+Migration%29+and+date+is+February+01%2C+2010
Redlining
Redlining: A discriminatory and illegal practice in which financial institutions deny mortgages and other
types of financing to residents of predominantly poor or minority neighborhoods, without regard to individual
creditworthiness.
Criticism for the Necessity of Redlining: Integrated neighborhoods are a financial risk, as they are
likely to be unstable economically and sociallyhttp://www.housingvirginia.org/T1.aspx?PID=80
Black on the Block:The Politics of Race and Class in the City
“The balance of power in neighborhood decision making favors home owners. Their values and
norms about appropriate neighborhood decorum are most audibly expressed, and they frequently
invoke their status as taxpayers to legitimate their demands for action. Home-owning
newcomers and their old-timer allies translate their economic power into political voice.”
Mary Pattillo, Professor of Sociology
and African American Studies at Northwestern University
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/649313.html
Yet Another Injusice…
“The housing market tends to sort the population by income into different areas. Racism may add another type of sorting. If an area is increasingly filled by lower income residents, landlords
have an incentive to not maintain their properties. If they were to invest in upgrades, they'd need to charge a higher rent to make
this a profitable investment. People with higher incomes who could pay the higher rents may not be willing to live in that
neighborhood. So landlords simply "milk" the decaying buildings of their rent. By putting off repairs, they can save money to buy
other buildings elsewhere. The failure to continually upgrade buildings and replace the wornout building stock with new
buildings amounts to a process of disinvestment — shrinkage of capital — in an area.
Tom Wetzel, “What is Gentrification”
http://www.uncanny.net/~wetzel/gentry.htm
Midland Park, New Jersey Racial Demographics
New Jersey Racial Demographics Midland Park Bergen County
White persons 95.81% 77.80%
Black persons 0.43% 6.10%
American Indian and Alaska Native persons 0.06% 0.30%
Asian persons 2.22% 14.30%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.01% 0.10%
Persons reporting two or more races 0.71% 1.30%
Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin 3.69% 15.10%
White persons not Hispanic N/G 64.10%
White persons
Black persons
American Indian and AlaskaNative persons
Asian persons
Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander
Persons reporting two ormore races
Persons of Hispanic or Latinoorigin
Source: Wikipedia.Org (Other References Listed)U.S. Census Bureau 2000
Midland Park Demographics
White persons
Black persons
American Indian andAlaska Native persons
Asian persons
Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander
Persons reporting two ormore races
Persons of Hispanic orLatino origin
White persons notHispanic
Bergen County Demographics
A Call for Change
YouTube Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EblTZ6ufYNY