Co 441S1* ** ** * * * Commissionof theEuropeanCommunities Acronymsandinitialisms in analyticalmethodsand i nstrumentati on ? Commission of theEuropeanCommunities Acronymsandinitialisms in analyticalmethodsand instrumentation J .Richter CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities InstituteforTransuraniumElements Postfach2340 D-W-7500Karlsruhe Directorate-General Science,Research andDevelopment JointResearchCentre 1991 PARLEUn: PD:b'eih. N.C.EUR13571EN Publishedbythe COMMI SSI ONOFTHEEUROPEANCOMMUNI TI ES Directorate-General Telecommunications,InformationIndustriesandInnovation L-2920Luxembourg LEGALNOTICE Neither theCommissionof theEuropeanCommunitiesnor anyperson actingon behalfof theCommissionis responsible for theuse whichmightbe made ofthe followinginformation Cataloguingdata can be foundat the end of thispublication Luxembourg: Office forOfficialPublicationsof theEuropeanCommunities,1991 ISBN92-826-2772-1Cataloguenumber:CD-NA-13571-EN-C ECSC-EEC-EAEC,BrusselsLuxembourg, 1991 >PrintedinBelgium ABSTRACT Thisdocumentrecordsinalphabeticorderabbreviations(acronyms, initial isms,andothercondensedf o r m s )ofanalyticalmethodsand instrumentation.Furthermorealistofabbreviationsofd e t e c t o r sand electronicshavebeenincludedattheend.Itisintendedtohelp scientistsandthegrowingnumberofonlinesearcherstoretrieve informatione s p e c i a l l yin theareaofanalyticalc h e m i s t r y .Afewtips concerningonlinesearchesinthedatabasesaregiveninannex.Someof thebasicrecommendationsofIUPAChavebeenincludedin theexplanatory notes as wellas definitionsof the differentabbreviationforms. in TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction1 Explanatory Notes2 Guide to the use of Abbreviations & Definitions3 AnalyticalMethods & Instrumentation(Abbreviations) A5 B7 C7 D9 E12 F'. .16 G19 H20 I22 J25 K25 L25 M28 N32 034 P34 Q38 R38 S40 T46 U49 V. . .49 W50 X50 Y. ...51 Z51 Detectors & Electronics(Abbreviations)53 Tips for informationretrievalin scientific databases55 References57 Acknowledgment59 INTRODUCTION In1974 we startedto scrutinizeon a regularbasisabstractingjournals suchas the"INISAtomIndex"and the former"NuclearSienceAbstracts" replacedin 1976 by the "EnergyResearchAbstracts".Thisevaluation was donein orderto attractthe attentionof the scientistsin our Institute tonewpublications(reports,proceedingsetc.) inrelationwith the programmesor theirspecialfieldofinterest.Inadditionweused the possibilitiesof offlinesearches(ENDS/CID,ZAED,F IZ- INK A...)*thathave beenavailablesincethe earlyseventies.In1986 weintroducedonline searchingof scientificdatabases,whichsincehas becomeapowerfultool forfastliteratureretrieval(bibliographicaldata&abstracts;numerical d a t a ). Verysoonwebecameconfrontedwiththe proliferationofabbreviations especiallyin the fieldofanalyticalmethodsandinstrumentation.Very oftenauthors,specialistsin theirfield,referto theirmethodonly by mentioningthe usualabbreviationor possibly"creating"a new one,hoping thatcolleagueswillunderstand.Normallythereisnotaproblemfor personsinvolvedin thisspecialfield.For those who are not familiarwith thesubjecthowever,it can be hardto understandwhenreadingonlyshort abstractsor whenan abbreviationcan havedifferentmeanings.The online searcher has to use the rightabbreviationsin order to have a highrecall. Sincethe searchfor such- abbreviationscan beverytime- consuming, we beganin 1986 to collectthesesystematicallyin orderto givescientists andonline- searchersa referencelistwhichmay helpto copewiththese difficulties. Forfurtherinformationwe suggestconsultingthe specialisedpublications inspectroscopicalor analyticaljourn als. Alistof otherpublications dealingwithabbreviationsis givenat the end of thishandbook. Inadditionwe wouldliketo mentionthe database"EURODICAUTOM"(host: ECHO) of the Commissionof the EuropeanCommunities,whichcontainsmore than140.000abbreviations.FurthermoreEURODICAUTOM(Europe-Dictionnaire automatise)containsabout500.000multilingual(9languages)terminology cardswhichcorresponds to about 2.5 millionterms.Pleasecontact: ECHO EuropeanCommissionHostOrganization BP2373 L-1023Luxembourg Tel.:(+352) 48 80 41; Fax:(+352) 48 80 40 ; Telex: 2181 euro! Lu * ENDS/CIDEuropeanNuclearDocumentationSystem/Centre d'Information etde Documentation des CommunautesEuropeennes(Luxembourg) ZAEDZentralstelle fur Atomkernenergie-Dokumentation(Karlsruhe, FR6) FIZ-INKAFachinformationszentrumEnergie.Physik,MathematikGmbH -InformationssystemKarlsruhe(FRG) - 1 EXPLANATORYNOTES ARRANGEMENT The abbreviations(acronyms, initial isms andothercondensedforms)in this documentarearrangedin alphabeticalorder.Whentwoor moreabbrevia-tionsareidentical, the arrangementof thespelled-outform determinesits placement.Thewordsin bracketsarereferringeithertothefullmeaning of a method, aninstrument or an other termusedfrequentlyinsteadfor the preceding word. CAP I TALI ZATI ON Spelled-outformsof theabbreviationsin thisdocumentarecapitalizedin order to give a better understanding.In publicationsthe spelled-outforms (initialletters) are generally givenin small letters. HYP HENATI ONMARKS Theyare givenastheyare generallyfoundin thepublications,since no formalcriteria exist(for example, GC/GC orFT-IR).Hyphenationmarks were not takeninto accountin the alphabeticalarrangements. NEWENTRI ES Dottedlinespacesareprovidedatthebottomofeachpageforthe insertion of new abbreviationsand their meanings, if found else-where. GUIDE TO THE USE OF ABBREVIATIONS Thecriticalpoint for any writerto rememberis to spellout the complete set of words and to place the abbreviationassociatedwith the set of words immediatelyfollowingand then use it consistently. Ifa documentis longand the termdoesnot recuruntilmuchlater, the termshould be redefinedas a courtesy to the reader. Definingthe abbreviationsin footnotesorin aglossaryof the publi-cation may be helpful. IUPACstronglydiscouragesthe use ofabbreviationsin thetitles and abstractsof papersand urgeseditorsand authorsto reducethe number of abbreviationsin primarypublications, textbooks to a minimum. Aparticulareffortshould be made to avoidabbreviationsthat: a) un n ecessaryduplicate the recommendedabbreviations (such as NMR, MS, IR etc.) or symbols b) are ambiguousin theirpossiblemeanings c) are based on incorrect use of language or grammar D E F I N I TI ON S Abbreviation:a shortended,condensedformof a wordor groupof words. Sometechnicalabbreviationshavebeenso widelydisseminatedthatthey now communicatesuccessfullywithoutfurtherdefinitioninanalytical instrumentation(for example the wordsGC, IR, LASER, MS, NMR,U V ). Acronym:apronounceabletermfromtheinitiallettersofacompound expression: MS fromMassSpectrometryand GC from Gas Chromatography. Initialism:a nonpronounceabletermfromthe initiallettersof a compound expression:CDCCCfromCentrifugalDropletCounterCurrentChromatography. -3 AAActivationAnalysis AAAtomicAbsorption(spectroscopy) AAMAutomatedAugerMicroprobe AASAtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy(orSpectrophotometry) ABIAutomatedBallIdentation ABMRAtomicBeamMagneticResonance ACARAngularCorrelationof AnnihilationRadiation ACEMSAngularConversionElectronMoessbauerSpectroscopy ACIMSActiveChemicalIonizationMassSpectroscopy ACPAlternatingCurrentPolarography ACVAlternatingCurrentVoltammetry AC-ZAAAlternatingmagneticCurrent-ZeemanAtomicAbsorption ADAPAngularDistributionof AnnihilatingPhotons AEAcousticEmission AEAPSAugerElectronAppearancePotentialSpectroscopy AEMAnalyticalElectronMicroscopy AEMAugerElectronMicroscopy AEMAAugerElectronMicroAnalysis AEPSAugerElectronAppearancePotentialSpectroscopy AESAtomicEmissionSpectrometry(orSpectroscopy) AESAugerElectronSpectroscopy(orSpectrometry) AES-EAugerElectronSpectroscopywithElectronexcitation AES-IAugerElectronSpectroscopywithIonexcitation AES-ICPAugerElectronSpectroscopy-InductivelyCoupledPlasma AES-PAugerElectronSpectroscopywithPhotonexcitation AETAcousticEmissionTechnique AETMAnalyticalElectronTransmissionMicroscopy AEYAugerElectronYield AFAtomicFluorescence AFFAberrationFreeFocus AFMAtomicForceMicroscopy(orMicroscope) AFSAtomicFluorescenceSpectroscopy(orSpectrometry) AIAtomic-Ionization AIAAutomatedImageAnalysis AIA-SEMAutomatedImage Analysis-ScanningElectronMicroscopy AIMAdsorptionIsothermalMeasurement AIRAerosolIonicRedistribution AIR-ICPAerosolIonicRedistribution-InductivelyCoupledPlasma AISAcousticImagingSystem ALCHEMI AMORS AMS ANDA AO AO APECS APES APFIM APFIM/AEM API APP APPH APS APS APS APT ARAS ARE ARIES ARM ARPEFS ARPES ARUPS ARXPS AS ASAXS ASLEEP ASM ASV ASW ATR ATRS AVEC-DIC AVLIS AXS Atomic Location by CHannelingEnhancedMicroanalysis Atomic MagnetoOptic ResonanceSpectroscopy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Active NonDestructive Analysis Anodic Oxydation Atomic Orbital Auger PhotoElectron Coincidence Spectroscopy Adiabatic PotentialEnergy Surface Atom-Probe Field-Ion Microscopy(or Microscope) Atom-Probe Field-Ion Microscopy/AugerElectron-Microscopy AtmosphericPressureIonization Acoustic Phase Plate Auger Peak to Peak Height Appearance PotentialSpectroscopy Atom Probe Spectroscopy AutocorrelationPhotonSpectroscopy AttachedProton Test Atomic Resonance AbsorptionSpectroscopy Activated ReactiveEvaporation Angle ResolvedIon ElectronSpectroscopy Atomic ResolutionMicroscope Angle-ResolvedPhotoemissionExtendedFine Structure Angle-ResolvedPhotoElectron(or PhotoEmission) Spectroscopy Angle-Resolved UltravioletPhotoelectron (or Photoemission) Spectroscopy Angle Resolved X-ray PhotoelectronSpectroscopy AbsorptionSpectroscopy Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering AutomatedScanningLow Energy Electron Probe Acoustic Surface Measurement Anodic StrippingVoltammetry Acoustic Surface-Wave Attenuated TotalReflectance(or Reflection) Attenuated TotalReflectionSpectroscopy Allen-Video-EnhancedContrast-DifferentialInterference Contrast(microscope) Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation Anomalous X-ray Scattering 6-B BAES BBM BFEM BFS BILE BIS BIXE BLE BLP BPC BS BSE BXE Bremsstrahlung-inducedAES Beam BlankingMethod BrightFieldElectronMicroscopy Beam FoilSpectroscopy BeamInducedLightEmission Bremsstrahlung-Isochromat(ic)Spectroscopy Bombardment-InducedX-rayEmission Bombardment-inducedLightEmission BraggLine Profile BondedPhaseChromatography (Rutherford) BackscatteringSpectrometry BackScatteringElectrons Bombardment-inducedX-rayEmission CACollisionActivation CAACyclic ActivationAnalysis CACContinuous AnnularChromatograph CADIComputer AssistedDispersiveInfrared CARSCoherent Anti-StokesRamanScattering(orSpectroscopy) CARRSCoherent Anti-StokesResonance RamanScattering CASCalorimetric AbsorptionSpectroscopy CATComputer AssistedTomography CATComputerizedAxialTomographic(imaging withX-rays) CATComputer AveragedTransients CBChemicalBonding CBConvergentBeam CBDConvergentBeamDiffraction CBEDConvergentBeam ElectronDiffraction CCChemicalComposition CC/GCCapillary Column/GasChromatography CCCCounterCurrentChromatography CCDCounterCurrentDistribution CDCircularDichroism CD/CIDSCircular Dichroism/CircularIntensityDifferential Scattering CDCircular Differential(microscopy) - 7 -CDACylindricalDeflectorAnalyser CDCCCCentrifugalDropletCounterCurrentChromatography CDREConvolutionDifference ResolutionEnhancement(method) CDFCenteredDarkField CDVCapacitor DischargeVaporization CE/CI-MSChargeExchange ChemicalIonizationMassSpectrometry CEELSCore ElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy CELSCharacteristicEnergy LossSpectroscopy CEMConventionalElectronMicroscope CEMConversionElectron Moessbauer(spectra) CEMASCompleteElement Matrix Analysis fromScattering CEMSConversionElectronMoessbauerSpectroscopy CESLSConstantEnergy SynchronousLuminescenceSpectroscopy CFPDMSCf-252 Plasma DesorptionMassSpectrometry 252CF-PDMS252Cf-PlasmaDesorptionMassSpectrometry CFSCoherentForwardScattering CHERSCHargeExchange RecombinationSpectroscopy CIChemicalIonization CI-GC/MSChemicalIonization-GasChromatography/MassSpectrometry CIDCollision-InducedDissociation(or Desorption) CIDEPChemicallyInducedDynamicElectronPolarization (technique) CIDNPChemicallyInducedDynamic NuclearPolarization 2D-CIDNPTwo-DimensionalChemicallyInducedDynamicNuclear Polarization CIDSCircularIntensity DifferentialScattering CILSCore IonizationLossSpectroscopy CIMSChemicalIonizationMassSpectrometry CIPColdIsostaticPressing CIRCylindricalInternalReflection CISCharacteristicIsochromatSpectroscopy CLCathodoLuminescence(orCathode-Luminescence) CLChemiLuminescence CLSCathodoLuminescenceSpectroscopy CLSCharacteristicLossSpectroscopy CLSCore LevelSpectroscopy CMACylindricalMirror Analyser CMPCapacitivelycoupled MicrowavePlasma CNTDChemicalNucleatedThermalDeposition CODContinuous OpticalDischarge COLCOLorimetry -8 COLOCCorrelationspectroscopy for LOng-rangeCouplings COMAROComposite Magic-Angle Rotation COSYCorrelationSpectroscopy COSY-LRCorrelationSpectroscopY withLong-Range coupling interactions CPComptonProfile CPCrossPolarization CPAAChargedParticle Activation Analysis CPCCentrifugalPartitionChromatography CPCCoilPlanet Centrifuge CPDContactPotentialDifference CPEDConvergentProbe ElectronDiffraction CP-ENDORCircular PolarizedElectron Nuclear DOuble Resonance CP-MASCross Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning CRAMPSCombinedRotation And Multiple-PulseSpectroscopy 2D-CRAMPSTwo-DimensionalCombinedRotation AndMultiple-Pulse Spectroscopy CREMSEECyclotron REsonance from Microwave-inducedSecondary ElectronEmissions CSComptonScattering CSCrystalStructure CS-AASContinuous Source Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometry CSICrystalStructureImaging CSN-ICPConductive Solids Nebul izer-Inductively CoupledPlasma CSVCathodic StrippingVoltammetry CTComputedTomography(X-ray CT) CTEMConventionalTransmissionElectron Microscopy CV-AASCold Vapor Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometry CVDChemicalVapor Deposition CVECriticalVoltage Effect CWContinuous Wave CW-ENDORContinuous Wave-ElectronNuclear DOuble Resonance D DAC DAD I DAPS DAS DC Diamond AnvilCell Direct Analysis of DaughterIons Dis- AppearencePotentialSpectroscopy DifferentialAnomalous X-ray Scattering(technique) DiffractionContrast DC-ZAADirectCurrent-ZeemanAtomicAbsorption DCADirect Current Arc DCA-AESDirectCurrent Arc-AtomicEmissionSpectroscopy DCAPDirectCurrent ArgonPlasma(spectrometry) DCCCDropletCounter-CurrentChromatography DCDDouble-CrystalX-rayDiffractometry (or X-ray Double CrystalDiffractometry) DCEMSDifferentialConversionElectronMoessbauerSpectroscopy DCEMSDepth-selective ConversionElectronMoessbauer Spectroscopy DCIDesorptionChemicalIonization DCIDirect ChemicalIonization DCIMSDirect ChemicalIonization MassSpectrometry DCLTDifferentialCathode LuminescenceTopography DCPDirectCurrentPlasma(spectrometry) DCPDirect CurrentPolarography DCP-AESDirect CurrentPlasma-AtomicEmissionSpectrometry (or Spectroscopy) DCP-OESDirect CurrentPlasma-OpticalEmissionSpectroscopy DDLTSDouble Deep LevelTransientSpectroscopy DEBDischargeElectronBremsstrahlung DECDonnanExclusionChromatography DEFTDirectEpifluorescentFilterTechniques DENSDiffuse-ElasticNeutron-scatteringSpectroscopy DEPDiElectroPhorese DEPT-TECHNDistortionlessEnhancementof PolarizationTransfer TECHNique(NMR) DETDoubleExposureTechnique DETADiElectric ThermalAnalysis DF-PIMSDischargeFlow-PhotolonizationMassSpectrometry DF-RFDischargeFlow-ResonanceFluorescence DFADoubleFilter Analyzer DFDark Field DFADouble Filter Analyzer DFHCDarkField Hollow Cone(Image) DFIDirectFluidInjection DFI/MSDirectFluidInjection/MassSpectrometry DFTSDispersiveFourier TransformSpectrometry DFWMDegenerateFour-Wave Mixingspectroscopy DGCDensity GradientCentrifugation DI-FTMSDesorptionIonization-FourierTransform MassSpectrometry 10 DIALDifferentialAbsorptionLidar DICDifferentialInterferenceContrast DICDDispersion-InducedCircularDichroism DIETDesorptionInduced by ElectronicTransitions DINDirectInjectionNebulizer DINSDiffuseInelastic Neutron-scatteringSpectroscopy DIPDirectInsertProbe DISEMDiffractedbeams from secondary electronsin Scanning ElectronMicroscopy DLNSDeep LevelNonstationarySpectroscopy DLOSDeep LevelOpticalSpectroscopy DLSDynamicLightScattering DLTMADynamic Load ThermoMechanicalAnalysis DLTSDeep-LevelTransientSpectroscopy DMEDroppingMercuryElectrode DMRDeuteron MagneticResonance DMSDynamic MassSpectrometer DMTDynamic MechanicalTesting DMTADynamic MechanicalThermalAnalyzer DNMRDynamic Nuclear MagneticResonance DNPDynamic NuclearPolarization DOADifferentialOpticalAbsorption DODSDifferentialOrbitals or DifferentSpins DOSDensity Of States DOSSDualOptic SimultaneousSpectrometry DPADualPhotonAbsorptiometry DPASVDifferentialPulse AnodicStrippingVoltammetry DPCDifferentialPhase Contrast DPCDifferentialPhoto-Calorimetry DPCSVDifferentialPulse Cathodic StrippingVoltammetry DPHDiamondPyramidHardness DPIVDifferentialPulse InverseVoltammetry DPPDifferentialPulsePolarography DPSCDifferentialPower ScanningCalorimeter DPVDifferentialPulseVoltammetry DQENMRDeuteriumQuadrupoleEcho Nuclear MagneticResonance DQF-COSYDouble QuantumFiltered-COrrelationSpectroscopy DRDiffuseReflectance DREDDouble RockingElectronDiffraction DRIFTDiffuse ReflectanceInfraredFourier Transform spectroscopy -11 -DRIFTSDiffuseReflectanceInfraredFourierTransform Spectroscopy DRISDoubleResonanceIonizationSpectroscopy DRSDiffuseRayleighSpectrum DRSDiffuseReflectanceSpectroscopy(orSpectrometry) DSCDifferentialScanningCalorimetry DSCEMSDepthSelectiveConversionElectronMoessbauer Spectroscopy DSC/XRDDifferentialScanningCalor^metry/X-RayDiffraction DSHODerivativeSpectrometryHigherOrder DSIMSDynamicSecondaryIonMass~jectrometry DSLFSDoppler-ShiftLaserFluorescenceSpectroscopy DSMDynamiclightScatteringMode DSMSDepth-SelectiveMoessbauerSpectroscopy DTADifferentialThermalAnalysis DTA-TGADifferentialThermalAnalysis/ThermoGravimetricAnalysis DTGDifferentialThermoGravimetry DTSCDifferentialTemperatureScanningCalorimeter DUVASDerivativeUltravioletAbsorptionSpectrometer DXSDiffuseX-rayScattering E-AESElectroninducedAugerElectronSpectroscopy (orSpectrometry) EA-MSElectronAttachmentMassSpectrometry EAPFSExtendedAppearancePotentialFineStructure EARISSEnergyand AngleResolvedIonScatteringSpectroscopy EARTOFEnergyand AngleRefocusingTime-Of-Flightmass spectrometry EASEElectronicAbsorptionSpectroscopyExperiments EA-MSElectronAttachmentMassSpectrometry EBICElectronBeamInducedCurrent(studies) EBICONElectronBombardmentInducedCONductivity EBSElectron(orElastic)BackScattering EBSPElectronBackScatteringPattern ECElectronCapture ECDElectronCaptureDetection(orDetermination) ECDElectronCapture(gas chromatographic)Detector - 12-ECFElectricCrystalField ECOSYExclusiveCorrelatedSpectroscopy ECPElectrochemicalPotential(measurements) ECPElectronChannelingPattern ECSXRFElectroChemiSorptionX-RayFluorescence EDElectronDiffraction EDAEnergyDispersiveAnalyzer EDAXEnergyDispersiveAnalysiswithX-rays EDSEnergy-Dispersive(X-ray) Spectroscopy(orSystem) EDTGAElectroDynamicThermoGravimetricAnalyzer EDXEnergy-DispersiveX-ray(spectroscopy) EDXAEnergy-DispersiveX-rayAnalysis EDXDEnergy-DispersiveX-rayDiffraction EDXRAEnergyDispersiveX-RayAnalysis EDXRDEnergy-DispersiveX-RayDiffraction EDXRFEnergy-DispersiveX-RayFluorescence EDXRFElectronDiffractionX-RayFluorescence EDXSEnergyDispersiveX-raySpectroscopy EELSElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy(orScattering) EELS-XPSElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy-X-rayinducedPhotoelectronSpectroscopy EEMExcitation-EmissionMatrix EFGElectricFieldGradient EGAEvolvedGasAnalysis EGPEvolvedGasProfile EGSElectroGaSdynamics EHDElectroHydroDynamical(ionsource) EHDISElectroHydroDynamicalIonSource EHMOExtendedHiickel(or Hueckel) MolecularOrbital EHMSElectroHydrodynamicMassSpectrometry EIElectronImpact(ionization) EICElectrostaticInteractionChromatography EIDElectronImpact(orInduced)Desorption EIFElectronImpactFluorescence EIMSElectronImpactMassSpectrometry EISElectronImpactSpectroscopy EI-GC/MSElectronImpact-GasChromatography/MassSpectrometry ELElectro-Luminescence ELASELectroAcousticSpectrometry ELCDELectroChemicalDetection ELDORELectron-electronDOubleResonance 13 ELEEDElastic Low Energy ElectronDiffraction ELLELLipsometry ELNESElectron-energy-LossNear-Edge fineStructure ELSElectronLoss Spectroscopyv EMElectronMicroscopy EMAElectron Microprobe Analysis EMIElectroMagneticInterference EMIRSElectrochemically ModulatedInfraRedSpectroscopy EMMElectron Mirror Microscopy EMMAElectron Microscopy andMicroAnalysis EMMAElectron MicroscopeMicro-Analyzer EMPElectron MicroProbe(analysis) EMPAElectron MicroProbe(or Micro Probe) Analysis (see alsoEPMA) EMSElectroMagneticSusceptibility EMSEmission MoessbauerSpectra EMUSElectroMagneticUltrasonicTesting ENAAEpithermalNeutron Activation Analysis(ReactorENAA) ENDORElectronNuclear DOuble Resonance ENDORIESRElectronNuclear DOuble ResonanceInducedElectronSpin Resonance EOLMElectro-OpticalLightModulation EOSEquation Of State EPElectrophosphorescence EPDEtch-Pit-Densityprofile EPMElectronProbe Microscopy EPMAElectronProbe Micro-Analysis(or Micro-Analyzer) (see also EMPA) EPRElectronParamagnetic Resonance(spectroscopy) EPRElectrochemicalPotentiometric Reactivation(methods) EPSElectroninduced Photo-electronSpectroscopy EPXMAElectronProbe X-ray Micro Analysis EQEEquivalent QuantumEfficiency ERElectroReflectance(spectroscopy) ERElectroRefining ERDElastic RecoilDetection ERDAElastic RecoilDetectionAnalysis ERSExternalReflectionSpectroscopy ESEmissionSpectrometry(or Spectroscopy) ESAElectronStimulatedAdsorption ESAElectrostatic Sector Analysis - 14-ESCAElectron Spectroscopy for ChemicalAnalysis ESDElectro-SparkDeposition ESDElectron Stimulated Desorption(technique) ESDIElectron Stimulated Desorptionof Ions ESDIADElectron Stimulated DesorptionIon AngularDistribution ESDNElectronStimulated Desorptionof Neutrals ESEElectron Spin-Echo(studies) ESEEMElectronSpin-Echo Envelope Modulation ESEMElectron Spin-Echo Modulation ESEMEnergy SelectingElectronMicroscopy ESIElectroSprayIonization ESIDElectron StimulatedIon Desorption ESIEElectron StimulatedIonEmission ESPIElectronic Speckle PatternInterferometry ESRElectron Spin Resonance(spectroscopy) ESR/HPLCElectron Spin Resonance spectroscopy/HighPressure LiquidChromatography ES-ICPEmission Spectroscopy-InductivelyCoupledPlasma ETAElectroThermalAnalysis ETAElectroThermalAtomic analysis(or Atomization) ETAEmanation ThermalAnalysis ETAAElectroThermalAtomic Absorption ETAASElectroThermalAtomic AbsorptionSpectroscopy ETA-AASElectroThermalAtomization-AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry ETVElectroThermalVaporization EUVExtreme Ultraviolet EVAElectrothermalVaporizationAnalysis EXAFSExtended X-ray AbsorptionFine Structure EXASExtended X-ray AbsorptionSpectroscopy EXELFSExtendedElectron(Energy) Loss Fine Structure EXSYExchange Spectroscopy C 15-FAAFurnaceAtomicAbsorptionspectroscopy FAASFlameAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometry (orSpectrophotometryorSpectroscopy) FABFastAtomBombardment FABIMFastAtomBeaminIonMicroscopy FAB-MASFastAtomBombardment-MagicAngleSpinning FAB-MSFastAtomBombardmentMassSpectrometry FACSFluorescenceAtom-CoincidenceSpectroscopy FAESFlame AtomicEmissionSpectroscopy-< FAFSFlameAtomicFluorescenceSpectroscopy FANESFurnaceAtomisationNon-thermalExcitationSpectrometer FANESFurnaceAtomizationNon-thermalEmissionSpectrometry FAR-IRFARInfrared(spectroscopy)(seealsoFIR) FASFlame AbsorptionSpectroscopy FASTForwardAlphaScatteringTechnique FBEFlatBedElectrophoresis FBEMFixedBeamElectronMicroscope FCFlashChromatography FDFieldDesorption FDFlashDesorption FDCDFluorescenceDetectedCircularDichroism FDMFieldDesorptionMicroscopy FDMRFluorescenceDetectedMagneticResonance FDMR-EPRFluorescenceDetectedMagneticResonance-ElectronParamagneticResonance(spectroscopy) FDMSFieldDesorptionMassSpectrometry FDRFrequencyDomainReflectometry FDSFilterDifferenceSpectrometer FDSFilterDesorptionSpectroscopy FDSEXAFSFluorescenceDetectedSurfaceExtendedX-rayAbsorption FineStructure(spectroscopy) FEEFieldElectronEnergy(spectroscopy) FEEDFieldEmissionEnergyDistribution FEEMFieldElectronEmissionMicroscope(orMicroscopy) FEESFieldElectronEnergySpectroscopy FEGFieldEmissionGun FEGSTEMFieldEmissionGunScanningTransmissionElectron Microscopy FEMFieldEmissionMicroscope 16-FEMFieldElectronMicroscopy FERPFieldEmissionRetardingPotentialmethod FESFieldEmissionSpectroscopy FFC-NMRFastField-CyclingNuclearMagneticResonance FFSFlameFluorescenceSpectroscopy FFTFastFourierTransformation FGEPRField-GradientElectronParamagneticResonance FGSEField-GradientSpin-Echo FIFieldIonization FIAFluorescenceImmunoAssay FIAFlowInjectionAnalysis FIAFluoroImmunoAssay FIAFluorescenceIndicatorAnalysis FIA-AAFlowInjectionAnalysis-AtomicAbsorptionspectroscopy FIA-FAAFlowInjectionAnalysis-FurnaceAtomicAbsorption spectroscopy FIA-ICPFlowInjectionAnalysis-InductivelyCoupledPlasma FIA-ICP-AESFlowInjectionAnalysis-InductivelyCoupledPlasma-AtomicEmissionSpectrometry FIBLASFast-IonBeamLAserSpectroscopy FIDFlameIonizationDetection(orDetector) FIDFlameIonizationDetermination FIMFieldIdentationMicroprobe FIMFieldIonMicroscopy FIM-APFieldIonMicroscopy-AtomProbe FIMAPSFieldIonMicroscopywithAtomProbeSpectroscopy FIMSFieldIonizationMassSpectrometry FIM/IAPFieldIonMicroscope/ImagingAtomProbe FIRFarInfraRed(spectroscopy)(seealsoFAR-IR) FIREFlameInfraRedEmissionspectroscopy FIR-LMRFarInfraRed-LaserMagneticResonancespectroscopy FIRFTFastInversion-RecoveryFourierTransform FISFieldIonSpectroscopy FLAFilterLensAnalyzer FLNSFluorescenceLineNarrowingSpectrometry FMARFerroMagneticAnti-Resonance FMRFerroMagneticResonance FNAAFastNeutronActivationAnalysis FNMRIFlowNuclearMagneticResonanceImaging FOCSYFoldOver-CorrectedSpectroscopy FO-ESRFlowOrientation-ElectronSpinResonance 17 FOLZFirstOrderLaueZone FPDFlamePhotometryDetection FPIAFluorescencePolarizationImmunoAssay FPLCFastProtein,peptideandpolynucleotideLiquid Chromatography FPRFluorescencePhotobleachingRecovery FPTFundamentalParametersTechnique FP-LAFlashPhotolysis-LaserAbsorption(method) FP-LIFFlashPhotolysis-LaserInducedFluorescence FP-RFFlashPhotolysis-ResonanceFluorescence FP-STFlashPhotolysis-ShockTube(technique) FRForbiddenReflection FRAMFocused-beamReflectionAcousticMicroscope FRAMFocusedReflectivityAcousticMicroscopy FRAPFluorescenceRecoveryAfterPhotobleaching FREDOFFREquency-DOmainFluorometry FRESForwardREcoilSpectrometry FSFermiSurface FSCGCFusedSilicaCapillaryGasChromatography FTFourierTransform FT-ICRFourierTransformIonCyclotronResonance FT-ESEFourierTransformElectronSpinEcho(spectroscopy) FT-ESRFourierTransformElectronSpinResonance FT-IMSFourierTransformIonMobilitySpectrometry FT-IRFourierTransformInfraRedspectroscopy FT-IR/PASFourierTransformInfraRed/PhotoAcousticSpectroscopy FT-IRRSFourierTransformInfraRedReflectionSpectroscopy FT-MSFourierTransformMassSpectrometry FT-NMRFourierTransformNuclearMagneticResonance (spectroscopy) FT-NQRFourierTransformNuclearQuadrupoleResonance FTSFourierTransformSpectrometer FWHHFullWidthatHalf-Height FWHMFullWidthatHalf-Maximum FWTMFullWidthatTenth-Maximum FXDFlashX-rayDiffraction FXRFlashX-rayRadiography FYNESFluorescenceYieldNearEdgeSpectroscopy FZPFresnelZonePlate -18 G GAA GAC GASPE GC GC2 GC-AA GC/ECD GC/EIMS GC/FTIR GC/GC GC/GC/MS GC/HRMS GC-IR GC-MI-FT-IR GC/MI-IR GC/MS GC/MS/MS GC/NICIMS GC-PID GDC GDL GDMS GDNS GDOS GFAA GF-AAS GFC GIR GIR GLC GLCCC GPC GPMAS GPT GRALE GRASER Gamma-ActivationAnalysis Gas AbsorptionChromatography GAtedSPin-Echo GasChromatography GlasCapillary/GasChromatography GasChromatography-AtomicAbsorptionspectroscopy GasChromatography/ElectronCaptureDetection GasChromatography/ElectronImpactMassSpectroscopy GasChromatography/FourierTransformInfraRedspectroscopy GlasCapillary/GasChromatography GlasCapillary/GasChromatography/MassSpectrometry GasChromatography/HighResolutionMassSpectrometry GasChromatography-InfraRedspectroscopy(coupling) GasChromatography-MatrixIsolation-FourierTransform-InfraRedspectroscopy GasChromatography/MatrixIsolation-InfraRedspectroscopy GasChromatography/MassSpectrometry(coupling) GasChromatography/tandemMassSpectrometry GasChromatography/NegativeIonChemicalIonization MassSpectrometry GasChromatography-PhotolonizationDetection GlowDischargeCleaning GlowDischargeLamp GlowDischargeMassSpectrometry GlowDischargeNeutralSpectroscopy GlowDischargeOpticalSpectroscopy GraphiteFurnaceAtomicAbsorption(spectrophotometry) GraphiteFurnace-AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy GelFiltrationChromatography GlancingIncidenceReflection GrazingIncidenceReflection Gas-LiquidChromatography GyrationLocularCounterCurrentChromatography GelPermeationChromatography GasPhaseMolecularAbsorptionSpectroscopy GasPhaseTitration Gamma-RayAnalysisofLightElements Gamma-RayAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionof Radiation 19 GSAM GSC GSCL GSID GTA GTC GXR GeneralizedStandardAdditionMethod GasSol idChromatography GasSol idChemoLuminescence Gamma-SpectrometricIsotopeDilution GraphiteTubeAtomizer GaseousThermoChromatography Glancing(orGrazing)X-rayReflection H HADHollowAnodeDischarge 2D-HAHATwo-DimensionalHArtmann-HAhnspectroscopy H-COSYProton-COrrelationSpectroscopy H-CCOSYlH-13CshiftCorrelationSpectroscopY(inNMR) HCDHollowCathodeDischarge HCLHollowCathodeLamp HDCHydroDynamicChromatography HDSHeliumDesorptionSpectrometry HEEDHighEnergyElectronDiffraction HEHIXEHighEnergyHeavyIonsX-rayEmission HEISHighEnergyIon(s)(back) Scatteringspectroscopy HEMSHighEnergyMassSpectrometry HERDHighEnergyX-rayDiffraction HETCORHETeronuclear(chemicalshift) CORrelationspectroscopy HETEROCORHETEROnuclearCORrelationspectroscopy HFHartree-Fock HFSHyperFineStructure HFTHypercomplexFourierTransformation HFTCPCHorizontalFlow-ThroughCoilPlanetCentrifuge HGHydrideGeneration HGAHeatedGraphiteAtomization HGAAHydrideGenerationfollowedby AtomicAbsorption HIBSHeavyIonBackscatteringSpectrometry HICHydrophobicInteractionChromatography HIIDMSHeavyIonInDucedMassSpectrometry HIPHotIsostaticPress(orPressing) HIPDHigh-IntensityPowderDiffractometer HIRBSHeavyIonRutherfordBackscatteringSpectrometry HIXSEHeavyIonX-raySatelliteEmission HNDTHolographicNonDestructiveTesting 20 HNOEHeteroNuclearOverhauserEffect HOBFHigherOrderBrightField HODSHigherOrderDerivationSpectroscopy HOESYHeteronuclearOverhauserEnhancementSpectroscopy HOHAHAHOmonuclearHArtmann-HAhnspectroscopy HOLHOLography HOLZHigherOrderLaueZones HOMCORHOMonuclearCORrelation HOMOHighestOccupiedMoleculeOrbital HORSESHigherOrderRamanSpectralExcitationStudies HPDCHigh-PerformanceDuennschichtChromatography(ie) HPICHigh-PerformanceIonChromatography HPIECHigh-PerformanceIonExchangeChromatography HPLACHigh-PerformanceLiquidAffinityChromatography HPLCHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography HPLCHighPressureLiquidChromatography HPLC-AAHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-AtomicAbsorption HPLC-DIN-High-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-DirectInjection ICP-AESNebulizer-InductivelyCoupledPlasma-AtomicEmission Spectrometry HPLC-ECHighPressureLiquidChromatography-Electrochemical Detection HPLC-ETAHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-ElectroThermal Atomization HPLC-FTIRHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-FourierTransform InfraRedspectroscopy HPLC-ICPHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-InductivelyCoupled Plasma HPLC/MS/MSHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography/tandemMass Spectrometry HPLC-UVHigh-PerformanceLiquidChromatography-UltraViolet(detection) HPPLCHigh-PerformancePreparativeLiquidChromatography HPPLCHigh-PerformancePlanarLiquidChromatography HPPLCHighPressurePlanarLiquidChromatography HPSECHigh-PerformanceSize-ExclusionliquidChromatography HPTHigh-PerformanceTitrimetry HPTLCHigh-PerformanceThinLayerChromatography HPXRDHighPressureX-RayDiffraction HRAESHighResolutionAugerElectronSpectroscopy HRCHighResolutionChromatography HREHyperRamanEffect 21 -HRED HREELS HRELS HREM HRGC HRGC/HRMS HRIR HRMS HRPD HRPS HRRS HRSGC HRSTEM HRTEM HRUPS/XPS HRXRS HSESEM HSGC HSS HT-IR HTS HT-EPXMA HVCTM HVEM HVHREM HVSTEM HXE HZQC HighResolutionElectronDiffraction HighResolutionElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy HighResolutionElectronLossSpectroscopy HighResolutionElectronMicroscopy HighResolutionGasChromatography HighResolutionGasChromatography/HighResolutionMass Spectrometry HighResolutionInfraredRadiometry HighResolutionMassSpectrometry HighResolutionPowderDiffractometer HighResolutionPlasmaSpectrometry High-RateReactiveSputtering HighResolutionSubstractionGasChromatography HighResolutionScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy HighResolutionTransmissionElectronMicroscopy HighResolutionUltraviolet/X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy HighResolutionX-RaySpectroscopy HotStateEnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscope HeadSpaceGasChromatography HomogeneitySpoilSpectroscopy HadamardTransform-InfraRedspectroscopy Hadamard-TransformSpectroscopy(orSpectrometry) High-TemperatureElectronProbeX-rayMicroAnalysis HighVoltageConventionalTransmissionelectronMicroscopy HighVoltageElectronMicroscopy(or Microscope) HighVoltageHighResolutionElectronMicroscopy HighVoltageScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy HighX-rayEnergy HomonuclearprotonZero-QuantumCoherence(NMR) IA IAC IAD IAES IAP I AT IBA ImageAnalysis Ion-AssistedCoating Ion-AssistedDeposition Ion(inducedor excited) AugerElectronSpectroscopy ImagingAtomProbe Image AnalysisTechnique InverseBorneApproximation 22-IBSIon-BeamSputtering IBSCAIonBeamSpectroChemicalAn alysi s ICIonChromatography ICAPInductivelyCoupledArgonPlasma ICAP- AESInductivelyCoupledArgonPlasma- AtomicEmission Spectrometry ICAP- OESInductivelyCoupledArgonPlasma-OpticalEmission Spectroscopy ICBIonizedCluster- Beam(depositiontechn i que) ICISSImpactCollisionIonScatteringSpectroscopy ICPInductivelyCoupledPlasma ICP- AASInductivelyCoupledPlasma- Atomi cAbsorptionSpectroscopy ICP- AESInductivelyCoupledPlasma- Atomi cEmissionSpectrometry ICP-ESInductivelyCoupledPlasma- EmissionSpectrometry ICP- F TInductivelyCoupledPlasma- F ourierTransform(spectrometer) ICP- F TSInductivelyCoupledPlasma- F ourierTransformSpectrometry (orSpectrometer) ICP-MSInductivelyCoupledPlasma- MassSpectrometry ICP- OESInductivelyCoupledPlasma- OpticalEmissionSpectroscopy ICP- PESInductivelyCoupledPlasma- PhotoEmissionSpectroscopy ICRIonCyclotronResonance(spectroscopy) IDAIsotopeDilutionAn alysi s IDASIsotopeDilutionAlphaSpectrometry IDGSIsotopeDilutionGamma- raySpectroscopy IDLInstrumentDetectionLimit IDLSIntracavityDyeLaserSpectroscopy IDMSIsotopeDilutionMassSpectrometry IDSIonDesorptionSpectrometry IDSRSIonization- DetectedStimulatedRamanSpectroscopy ID- GC/MSIsotopeDilutionGasChromatography/MassSpectrometry I ECIonExchangeChromatography IEEInducedElectronEmission IEMMIncidenceEnergyModulationMethod IERSInterference- EnhancedRamanScattering(method) IETSInelasticElectronTunnelingSpectroscopy IEXIonExcitedX-ray(fluorescenceorspectroscopy) IIAESIonInducedAugerElectronSpectroscopy IIDIonImpactDesorption IIDIonInducedDesorption IIRIonInducedRadiation IIRSIonInducedRadiationSpectroscopy -23 IIXEIonInducedX-rayEmission IIXSIonInducedX-raySpectroscopy IKESIon KineticEnergySpectroscopy ILEEDInelasticLowEnergyElectronDiffraction ILSIonizationLossSpectroscopy IMImageMatching IMAIonprobeMicroAnalysis IMFPInelasticMeanFreePaths IMMAIon MicroprobeMassAnalyzer(orAnalysis) IMMAIonMicroprobeMAss(spectrometry) IMSIon MobilitySpectrometry IMXAIon MicroprobeX-rayAnalysis INAInstrumentalNeutronActivation INAAInstrumentalNeutronActivationAnalysis INDORInterNuclearDOubleResonance(NMR) INEPTInsensitiveNucleiEnhancement(orEnhanced) by PolarizationTransfer INMRInverseNuclearMagneticResonance INMSIonizedNeutralMassSpectrometry INSIonNeutronScattering INSIonNeutralizationSpectroscopy IPAAInstrumentalPhotonActivationAnalysis IPCIndirectPhotometricChromatography IPCIonPairChromatography IPESInversePhotoEmissionSpectroscopy IPPIonPairPartition IRInfraRed(spectroscopy) IRASInfraredReflection-AbsorptionSpectroscopy IRCDInfraRedCircularDichroism IR-COSYInversionRecovery-COrrelationSpectroscopy IRFTInversion-RecoveryFourierTransform IRISInfraRedInterferometerSpectrometer IRMAImmunoRadioMetricalAssay IRMPDInfraRedMultiple-PhotonDecomposition IRPInfraRedPyrometry IRRASInfraRedReflectionAbsorptionSpectroscopy IRRSInfraRedReflectionSpectroscopy IRSInfraRedSpectroscopy IRSInternalReflection(or Reflectance)Spectroscopy IRSInverseRamanSpectroscopy IR-RASInfraRedReflectionAbsorptionSpectroscopy 24 ISIonizationSpectroscopy ISCInterSystemCrossing(NMR) ISCInverseShiftCorrelation ISCAIonizationSpectroscopyforChemicalAnalysis ISDIonStimulatedDesorption ISDAIonSputteredDepositAnalysis(technique) ISEIon-SelectiveElectrodes ISFInterruptedStaticFatigue(method) ISSIonScatteringSpectroscopy ISSAXSIn-SituSmall-AngleX-rayScattering ISTEMInternalScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy ITMSIonTrapMassSpectrometry(Spectrometer) ITPIso-Tacho-Phorese ITSInelasticTunnelingSpectroscopy IVRIntramolecularVibrational-energyRedistribution JCPJCross-Polarization J-modSEJ-modulatedSpin-Echo(technique) J-RESIDEJ-REsolvedspectroscopywithSimulationDEcoupling K KKRKorringa-Kohn-Rostoker(method) KRIPESK-ResolvedInversePhotoEmissionSpectroscopy LACLiquidAdsorptionChromatography LACBEDLargeAngleConvergentBeamElectronDiffraction LAFLaser AtomicFluorescencespectroscopy LAFSLaser AtomicFluorescenceSpectroscopy LALLSLow-AngleLaserLightScattering LALSLow-AngleLaserlightScattering LAMESLAserMicroEmissionSpectroscopy LAMMALaser ActivatedMicroMassAnalysis LAMMALAserMicroprobeMassAnalyser 25 LAMMSLAserMicroMassSpectrometry LAMOFS-ETELAserexcitedMOlecularFluorescenceSpectroscopy withElectroThermalEvaporation LAMSLAserMassSpectrometry LARISLaserAblationandResonanceIonizationSpectroscopy LASLaserAbsorptionSpectroscopy(orSpectrometer) LASERLightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation LCLiquidChromatography LCAOLinearCombinationof AtomicOrbitals LCCCLocularCounterCurrentChromatography LCECLiquidChromatographywithElectrochemicaldetection LCECDLiquidChromatographywithElectrochemicalDetection LC-FAB-MSLiquidChromatography-FastAtomBombardment-Mass Spectrometry LC-IRLiquidChromatography-InfraRedspectroscopy LCMOLinearCombinationof MolecularOrbitals LC-MSLiquidChromatographyMassSpectrometry(coupling) LC-ORDLiquidChromatography-OpticalRotationDispersion (orDetection) LC/MS/MSLiquidChromatography/tandemMassSpectrometry LCUVLiquidChromatographywithUVdetection LCVDLaser(induced)ChemicalVaporDeposition LDLaserDesorption(massspectrometry) LDALaserDopplerAnemometry LDCLiquidDynamicCompaction LDLCLowDispersionLiquidChromatography LOMELaserDopplerMicroElectrophoresis LDSLinearDichroismSpectrometry LDVLaserDopplerVelocimetry LEACLinearElutionAdsorptionChromatography LEAFSLaserExcitedAtomicFluorescenceSpectrometry LECLiquid-EncapsulatedCzochralski(method) LEEDLowEnergyElectronDiffraction LEEIXSLowEnergyElectronInducedX-raySpectroscopy LEELSLowEnergyElectronLossSpectroscopy LEEMLowEnergyElectronMicroscopy LEERMLowEnergyElectronReflectionMicroscope LEESLowEnergyElectronSpectrometry LEFLaserExcitedFluorescence LEILaser-EnhancedIonization(spectrometryorspectroscopy) LEISLaser-EnhancedIonizationSpectrometry(orSpectroscopy) 26 LEISLowEnergyIonizationSpectroscopy LEISLowEnergyIonScatteringSpectroscopy LEMLorentzElectronMicroscopy LEMBSLowEnergyMolecularBeamScattering LENRSLowEnergyNegativeRecoilSpectroscopy LENSLowEnergyNeutralScattering LEPDLowEnergyPositronDiffraction LEPSLowEnergyPhotonSpectrometry(orSpectroscopy) LERDLowEnergyX-RayDiffraction LESSLaserExcitedShpol'skiiSpectrometry LEXLowEnergyX-ray(spectralanalysis) LFSLaserFluorescenceSpectroscopy LHASALogicandHeuristicsAppliedtoSyntheticAnalysis LIALuminescenceImmunoAssay LIBPLaser-IonBeamPhotodissociation(studies) LIBSLaser-InducedBreakdownSpectroscopy LIDARLightDetectingAndRanging LIFLaser-InducedFluorescence(spectroscopy) LIFLNLaserInducedFluorescenceLineNarrowing LIFSLaser-InducedFluorescenceSpectroscopy LIMALaserIonizationMassAnalysis LIMALaser-InducedMassAnalysis LIMFSLaserInducedMolecularFluorescenceSpectrometry LIMSLaserIonizationMassSpectrometry LIPASLaser-InducedPhotoAcousticSpectroscopy LISLaserIsotopeSeparation LITRSLaser-InducedTime-ResolvedSpectrofluorometry LLCLiquidLiquidChromatography LLELiquidLiquidExtraction LLESLaser-LocalizedEmissionSpectroscopy LLPLiquidLiquidPartition(chromatography) LLPCLiquidLiquidPartitionChromatography LMLightMicroscopy LMISLiquidMetalIonSource LMMALaserMicroprobeMassAnalysis(orAnalyzer) LMMSLaserMicroprobeMassSpectrometry LMRLaserMagneticResonance(spectroscopy) LMSLaserMassSpectrometry LM-TEMLaserMicroprobe-TransmissionElectronMicroscopy LOALaserOpto-Acoustic LODLimitOfDetection -27 LODESRLongitudinalDetectionofElectronSpinResonance LOESLaserOpticalEmissionSpectroscopy LOGLaserOptoGalvanic(measurements) LPALongPathAbsorption(spectroscopy) LPASLaser(induced) PhotoAcousticSpectroscopy LPCLowPerformanceChromatography LPCLiquidPhaseCatalysis LPCVDLowPressureChemicalVaporDeposition LP-CILowPressureChemicalIonization LP-FTIRLong-PathFourierTransformInfraRedspectroscopy LQDLow-QDiffractometer LR-HETCORLong-RangeHETeronuclearshiftCORrelation LRMSLowResolutionMassSpectrometry LROLongRangeOrder LROCSCMLong-RangeOptimizedheteronuclearChemicalShift CorrelationMethod LRSLaserRamanSpectroscopy LSLaserSchlieren LSLightScattering LSAASLine-SourceAtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy LSCLiquidSolidChromatography LSFLaser-SaturatedFluorescence LSIMSLiquidSecondaryIonMassSpectroscopy LSRALeast-SquaresRegressionAnalysis LTALowTemperatureAshing LTELocalThermalEquilibrium LTEMLowTemperaturefluorescence/phosphorescenceElectron Microscopy LTFLow TemperatureFluorescence LUMOLowestUnoccupiedMolecularOrbital LV-EI-MSLowVoltageElectronImpactMassSpectrometry M MAEDMicro-AreaElectronDiffraction MAESMultiElementAtomicEmissionSpectrometry MAFMagicAngleFlipping MAGIC-LC/MSMonodispersiveAerosolGenerationInterfaceCombining LiquidChromatographyandMassSpectrometry MAHMagicAngleHopping - 2 8 -MAIAMagneticAntibodyImmunoAssay MALMolecularAbsorptionSpectrometrywithLinesource MARMagicAngleRotation MASMagicAngleSpinning MASMolecularAbsorptionSpectrometry MASERMicrowaveAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionof Radiation MAS-ETEMolecularAbsorptionSpectrometrywithElectroThermal Evaporation MASSMagicAngleSampleSpinning MASS-DIFMagicAngleSampleSpinning-DIFferencespectroscopy MASSNMRMagicAngleSampleSpinningNuclearMagneticResonance MAS-NMRMagicAngleSpinning-NuclearMagneticResonance spectroscopy 2D-MAS-NMRTwo-DimensionalMagicAngleSpinningNuclearMagnetic Resonancespectroscopy MATRMultipleAttenuatedTotalReflectance(IR-spectroscopy) MBEMolecularBeamEpitaxy(technique) MBLERMolecularBeamLaserElectricResonance MBRSMolecular-BeamReactiveScattering MBRSMolecular-BeamRelaxationSpectroscopy MBSSMolecular-BeamSurfaceScattering MB/MSMolecularBeamMassSpectrometry MB/MSModulatedBeamMassSpectrometry MCAMulti-ChannelAnalyzer MCAMultiComponentAnalysis MCACMetalChelateAffinityChromatography MCDMagneticCircularDichroism MCMModulationContrastMicroscopy MCSMultichannelSpectrometer MDAMagneticDeflectionAnalyzer MDCGMultiDimensionalGasChromatography MDMMinimumDetectableMass MDNMinimumDetectableNumber MDSMetastableDeexcitationSpectroscopy MEAMoistureEvolutionAnalysis MECAMolecularEmission(by) CavityAnalysis MECCMicellarElectrokineticCapillaryChromatography MEEDMediumEnergyElectronDiffraction MEFSDMaximumEntropyFourierSpectralDeconvolution MEISMediumEnergyIonScatteringspectroscopy 29 MEM MERS MES MES MES MET MFIRFT MFS MI MID MID MIESR MIFS MIKE MIKES MIONP MIP MIP MIR MIR MIRS MI-PA MLA MLC MLCPC MLL MLR MM MMA MMD MMF MMS MO MOCVD MOKE MOLE MONES-ETE MaximumEntropyMethod MultipleElectronResonanceSpectroscopy Moessbauer-EffectSpectroscopy(seealsoMOSS) MoleculeEmissionSpectrometry Mossbauer-EffectSpectroscopy METallography(opticalMET) ModifiedFastInversion-RecoveryFourierTransform MolecularFluorescenceSpectrometry MatrixIsolation MultiphotonIonizationDissociation(spectroscopy) MultipleIonDetection Matrix-IsolationElectronSpinResonance(technique) Matrix-IsolationFluorescenceSpectrometry(orMatrix-IsolationlaserexcitedFluorescenceSpectrometry) Mass-analyzedIonKineticEnergy(or Massselection followedbyIonKineticEnergyanalysis) Mass-analyzedIonKineticEnergySpectrometry (orSpectroscopy) MicrowaveInducedOpticalNuclearPolarization(technique) MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry Microwave-InducedPlasma MidInfraRed MultipleInternalReflection MultipleInternalReflectionSpectroscopy Matrix-IsolationPhotoAcousticspectroscopy Moellenstedt(or Mollenstedt)LensAnalyzer MolecularLuminescencespectrometrywithContinuumsource MultiLayerCoilPlanetCentrifuge MolecularLuminescencespectrometrywithLinesource MultipleLinearRegression MoleculeMicroscopy MinimumMassAnalysed MinimumMassDetectable MinimumMassFraction MultiphotonMassSpectrometry MolecularOrbital MetalOrganicChemicalVaporDeposition Magneto-OpticKerrEffect(instrument) MolecularOptic(al)LaserExaminer(Ramanmicroscopy) MOlecule-NonthermalEmissionSpectrometry-ElectroThermal Evaporation 30 MOR MORD MOSS MPA MPD MPE MP I MPI MPIC MPI/MS MPLC MPM MPM MPRI MQC MQF-COSY MQ-NMR MQS MOT MR I MROA MRS MS MS MS MS2 msd MSID MSRTP MS/MS MTES MTS MW MWFT MWS fiSR fiSR /z-AES Magneto-OpticalRotationspectroscopy. Magneto-OpticalRotatoryDispersion MOeSsbauerSpectroscopy(see also MES or MS) Multi-PhotonAbsorption Multi-PhotonDissociation Multi-PhotonExcitation Multi-Photon(or MultiplePhoton)Ionization(spectroscopy) MultiplePeakIonization MobilePhaseIonChromatography Multi-PhotonIonization/MassSpectrometry MediumPressureLiquidChromatography MechanicalPropertiesMicroprobe MultiplePeakMonitoring Multi-PhotonResonanceIonization Multiple-QuantumCoherence Multiple-Quantum-FilteredCorrelatedSpectroscopy Multiple-Quantum-NuclearMagneticResonance MetastableQuenchingSpectroscopy Multiple-QuantumTransition(method) MagneticResonanceImaging MagneticRamanOpticalActivity MicroRamanSpectroscopy MagneticSaturation MassSpectrometry MoessbauerSpectroscopy(see also MES orMOSS) MassSpectrometrycoupledMassSpectrometry (seealsoMS/MS) meansquaredisplacement Mass-SpectrometricIsotopeDilution(see also IDA) Micelle-StabilizedRoomTemperaturePhosphorescence MassSpectrometry/MassSpectrometry (or tandemMassSpectrometry) MetastableTransferEmissionSpectrometry(Spectroscopy) MolecularTransmissionSpectrometry MicroWave MicroWaveFourierTransform(spectroscopy) MicroWaveSpectroscopy MuonSpinRotation(Relaxation) MuonSpinRotation(spectrosocopy) MicroprobeAugerElectronSpectroscopy 31 -N NANumericalAperture NAANeutron ActivationAnalysis NCINegativeion(s) (with) ChemicalIonization NCI-GC/MSNegativeion ChemicalIonizationGasChromatography/ MassSpectrometry NDNeutronDiffraction NDANonDestructiveAssay NDENonDestructiveEvaluation(orExamination) NDIRNonDispersiveInfraRed(analysis) NDPNeutron DepthProfiling NDSNeutron DispersiveSystem NDTNonDestructiveTesting NEINegativeions withElectronimpactIonization NETNegativeEntropy Trap NEXAFSNear Edge X-ray AbsorptionFineStructure NF-AASNon Furnace-Atomic AbsorptionSpectroscopy NIARNeutronInducedAutoRadiography NIDASNonIsotopic Diluentin AlphaSpectrometry NIIANonIsotopicImmunoAssay NIRNearInfraRed(analysis) NIRNeutralImpactRadiation NIRANearInfraRedAnalysis NIRANear InfraredReflectanceAnalysis NIRMSNoble gasIon ReflectionMassSpectroscopy NIRSNearInfraRedSpectroscopy NIRSNearInfraredReflectionSpectroscopy NIRSNeutralImpactRadiationSpectroscopy NISNegativeIonSpectroscopy NISNeutronInelasticScattering NLLSQNon-LinearLeast-SQuares(calculations) NMANuclear MicroprobeAnalysis NMRNuclear Magnetic Resonance(spectroscopy) 1D-NMROne-DimensionalNuclear Magnetic Resonancespectroscopy 2D-NMRTwo-DimensionalNuclear Magnetic Resonancespectroscopy 3D-NMRThree-DimensionalNuclear Magnetic Resonancespectroscopy 3D J-NMRThree-DimensionalJ resolvedNuclear MagneticResonance spectroscopy 13C-NMRCarbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonancespectroscopy NMRDNuclear Magnetic RelaxationDispersion -32 NMRINuclear Magnetic ResonanceImaging 13C-NMRICarbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceImaging NMRONNuclear Magnetic Resonance on OrientedNuclei NNMRNutation Nuclear MagneticResonance NOANaturalOptic Activity NODUSNOnDestructiveand Ultrasensitivesingle atomiclayer surfacespectroscopy NOENuclear OverhauserEffect(orEnhancement) 1D-N0EOne-DimensionalNuclear OverhauserEnhancement(or Effect) 2D-NOETwo-DimensionalNuclear Overhauser Enhancement"(orEffect) NOE-DIFFNuclear OverhauserEnhancement(or Effect) DIFFerence spectroscopy NOESYNuclear OverhauserEnhanced(or Effect) Spectroscopy NOVELNuclear spin Orientationvia ElectronspinLocking NPDNeutronPowderDiffractometer NQRNuclear Quadrupole Resonance(spectroscopy) NRANuclear ReactionAnalysis NRBNuclear Resonance Broadening(method) NRSNormalRamanSpectrometry NRSNuclear ReactionSpectroscopy NRSNuclear ResonanceScattering NRSNuclear ResonanceSpectroscopy NSNeutronScattering NSENeutronSpin-Echo NSENuclear SolidEffect NSESNeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy NSONaturalSpin Orbital NSRNuclear Spin Relaxation NTINegative Thermionic massspectrometry NTTSNear ThresholdTranslationalSpectrometry NURSNormalUnenhancedRamanSpectra -33 o OAOpticalAbsorption OADOne AtomDetection OASOpto-AcousticSpectroscopy(orSpectrophotometry) ODMROpticallyDetectedMagneticResonance(spectroscopy) ODPASOpticallyDetectedPhotoAcousticSpectroscopy OEOpticalEmission OESOpticalEmissionSpectroscopy(seealsoAES) OLCCCOscillationLocularCounterCurrentChromatography OMAOpticalMultichannelAnalyzer(or Analysis) OODROpticalOpticalDoubleResonancespectroscopy OPEPROpticalPertubationElectronParamagneticResonance OPLCOver-PressureLayerChromatography OPTLCOver-PressureThinLayerChromatography ORDOpticalRotationDetection ORDOpticalRotatoryDispersion OSEEOpticallyStimulatedExoelectronEmission OSMAOpticalSpectrometricMultichannelAnalyzer OTCOpenTubularColumn OTCEOpenTubularCapillaryElectrophoresis OTC-SFCOpenTubularColumn-SupercriticalFluidChromatography JTDROpticalTime-DomainReflectometry OTGCOpenTubularGasChromatography OTLCOpenTubularLiquidChromatography PAPositronAnnihilation PAAPhotonActivationAnalysis PACPerturbedAngularCorrelation(spectroscopy) PACIAParticle AgglutinationCounterImmunoAssay PACVDPlasma AssistedChemicalVaporDeposition PAESPhoton(inducedor excited) AugerElectronSpectroscopy PAFTIRPhoto-AcousticFourierTransformInfraRed(spectroscopy) PAGEPolyAcrylamideGelElectrophoresis PAGIFPolyacrylamideGelIsoFocussing PAIFTPhoto-AcousticInfraredFourierTransform(spectroscopy) PAMPhoto-AcousticMicroscopy PARSPhoto-Acoustic(or Photoacoustic) RamanSpectroscopy 34 PASPhoto-Acoustic(orPhotoacoustic)Spectroscopy PASPositronAnnihilationSpectroscopy PASCAPositronAnnihilationSpectroscopyforChemicalAnalysis PASDPositronAnnihilationSurfaceDetection PASEMParticleAnalysisbyScanningElectronMicroscopy PBPProtonBlockingPattern PB-LC-MSParticleBeamLiquidChromatographyMassSpectrometry PCPaperChromatography PCEMPhase-ContrastElectronMicroscope PCIPositiveChemicalIonization PCIPostCollisionInteraction PCLCPreparativeColumnLiquidChromatography PCMPulseCountingMethod PCOMPhase-ContrastOpticalMicroscope PCRPhotoConductiveResonance PCRPostColumnReaction PCRPrincipalComponent(s) Regression PCRSPostColumnReactionSystem PCSPhotonCorrelationSpectroscopy PCSPointContactSpectroscopy PCVDPlasmaChannelVaporDeposition PDPhotoDesorption PDAPulsehightDistributionAnalysis PDFPowderDiffractionFile PDMSheavyParticle-inducedDesorptionMassSpectrometry (252-CfPDMS) PDMSPlasmaDesorptionMassSpectrometry PDSPhotothermalDeflectionSpectroscopy PDSPhotoDischargeSpectroscopy PDSCPressureDifferentialScanningCalorimetry PEARLSPhoton-ElectronAlphaRejectingLiquidScintillation PE-COSYPrimitiveExclusivecorrelationSpectroscopy PECVDPlasma-EnhancedChemicalVaporDeposition PEDPhotoElectronDiffraction PEEEPhotostimulatedExo-ElectronEmission PEEMPhosphorescenceEmissionExcitationMatrix PEEMPhotoEmissionElectronMicroscopy(Microscope) PEMPiezoelasticModulation PEMPhotoElectronMicroscopy P-ENDORPulsedElectronNuclearDOubleResonance PENISProton-EnhancedNuclearInductionSpectroscopy -35 PESPhotoElectronSpectroscopy PESPhotoEmissionSpectroscopy PESAParticleElastic ScatteringAnalysis PESISPhotoElectronSpectroscopy ofInner Shell(s) electrons PESMPhotoElectronSpectralMicroscopy PESOSPhotoElectronSpectroscopy of OuterShell(s) PETPositronEmissionTomography PETSProximity ElectronTunnelingSpectroscopy PEXAFSPhotoemissionExtendedX-ray AbsorptionFineStructure PFEPhotoFerroelectricEffect PFGPulsedField Gel(electrophoresis) PFG-NMRPulsedField Gradient-Nuclear MagneticResonance PFIMSPyrolysisFieldIonizationMassSpectrometry PFLOHSPhase FluctuationOpticalHeterodyneSpectroscopy PFMPulse Frequence Modulation PFSEPRPulse Field SweepElectronParamagneticResonance PFTPulse Fourier Transformation(or Transform) PGAPrompt Gamma-rayAnalysis PGAAPromptGamma ActivationAnalysis PGCPyrolysis GasChromatography PGNAAPrompt Gamma Neutron ActivationAnalysis PGSEPulsed-GradientSpin-Echo(technique) PICPairedIonChromatography PICLSPhotolonizationControlled-LossSpectroscopy PICSPositiveIon Crystallographyof Surfaces PIDFTMSParticleInduced DesorptionFourier Transform Mass Spectrometry PIEPostIrradiationExamination PIGEParticleInduced Gamma-rayEmission(spectroscopy) PIGEProtonInduced Gamma-rayEmission(spectroscopy) PIMPeakIntegrationMethod PIMSPulseIon MobilitySpectrometry PIRPhotonInducedX-Ray PIRRSPolarizedInfraRedReflectionSpectroscopy PISPenningIonizationSpectroscopy PIXEParticle-InducedX-ray Emission(spectroscopy) PIXEProton-InducedX-rayEmission PIXE/PIGEParticle-InducedX-rayEmission/Particle-Induced Gamma-rayEmission PIXE/RBSParticleInduced X-rayEmission/Rutherford BackscatteringSpectroscopy - 36-PIXESParticleInducedX-rayEmissionSpectroscopy PIXGEProton-InducedX- and Gamma-rayEmission PLPhotoLuminescence PLAPPulsedLaser AtomProbe(technique) PLCPLasmaChromatography PLCPreparativeLayerChromatography PLCProcess LiquidChromatography PLEEDPolarizedLow Energy ElectronDiffraction PLMPolarizedLightMicroscopy PLOTPorous Layer Open Tubularcolumn PLSPartialLeastSquares PMAPhotonic MultichannelAnalyzer PMAPlane Mirror Analyzer PMFGPulse(d) MagneticFieldGradient PMIRSPolarizationModulatedInfraRedSpectrometer(technique) PMRProton MagneticResonance PNMRProton Nuclear MagneticResonance PNRPromptNuclearReactions POCLPhotoOxygenationChemiLuminescence PPESPhotoPyroElectricSpectroscopy PPINICIPulsedPositiveIon NegativeIon ChemicalIonization PPSPhotophoreticSpectroscopy(broadbandPPS) PRFSPhase-ResolvedFluorescenceSpectroscopy PRAPromptRadiationAnalysis PRODParamagneticResonance by OpticalDetection PROGRESSPoint-ResolvedRotatingGRadiEntSurface-coilSpectroscopy PRSPhase-ResolvedSpectroscopy PSCProgrammableSampleChanger PSCEPartially Spin CoupledEcho PSDPhoton-StimulatedDesorption(technique) PSEEPhoton-StimulatedExoelectronEmission PSIDPhoton-StimulatedIonDesorption PSTMPhoton ScanningTunnelingMicroscope(or Microscopy) PTCPhase TransferCatalysis PTRPhotoThermalRadiometry PTSEPhotoThermoStimulatedExoelectronemission PVDPhysicalVaporDeposition PVTPulsed VideoThermography PXAPrimary X-ray Analysis PY-GC-MSPYrolysis Gas ChromatographyMassSpectrometry PY-MSPYrolysis Mass Spectrometry(Curie-PointPY-MS) -37 Q QCMQuartzCrystalMicrobalance(technique) QCW-SRGSQuasi-Continous-WaveStimulatedRamanGainSpectroscopy QDEQuantumDetectionEfficiency QEQuadrupole-Echo(spectroscopy) QEDQuantumElectroDynamics QENSQuasi-ElasticNeutronScattering QFQuadrupole-electricFieldgradient QHEQuantumHallEffect QHMVsQuare-waveHydrodynamicallyModulatedVoltammetry QMQuantitativeMicroscopy QMASQuadrupoleMass AnalyzerforSolids QMSQuadrupoleMassSpectrometer QSRRQuantitativeStructureRetentionRelationship 2Q-END0RDoubleQuantumtransitioninElectronNuclearDOuble Resonance QTOFQuadrupoleTime-Of-Flight R RAARadioActivationAnalysis RAIRSRAman-InfraRedSpectroscopy RAIRSReflection-AbsorptionInfraRedSpectroscopy RAMARAmanMicroAnalysis RAMPRAmanMicroProbe RASReflectionAbsorptionSpectrometry RBSRutherfordBackscatteringSpectroscopy(orSpectrometry) RBS-PIXERutherfordBackscatteringSpectroscopy-ProtonInduced X-rayEmission RCLIFRotationallyCooled-LaserInducedFluorescence RC-LIFSRotationallyCooled-LaserInducedFluorescence Spectrometry RC-LIF/GCRotationallyCooled-LaserInducedFluorescence/Gas Chromatography R-COSYRelayedCoherencetransferSpectroscopy RCTRelayedCoherenceTransfer RECRadiativeElectronCapture 38-RECIResonantlyEnhancedCollisionalIonization REDRadiat ion-EnhancedDiffusion REDReflectionElectronDiffraction REELSReflectionElectronEnergy LossSpectroscopy REMReflectionElectronMicroscopy REMReplicaElectronMicroscopy REMPIResonance Enhanced MultiPhotonIonization REMPI-PESResonance Enhanced MultiPhotonIonization-PhotoElectron Spectroscopy REMSResonance-ElectronMoessbauerSpectroscopy RESRSResonance EnhancedStimulatedRamanScattering RFAX-Ray Fluorescence Analysis RFCReversedFlashChromatography RFFRemote Fiber Fluorimetry(Fluorescence) RFSRemote FiberSpectroscopy RGAResidualGas Analyzer(Analysis) RGCRadio GasChromatography RGSRare-GaS-matrix RGSReflectionGratingSpectrometer RGSI-MSRare-GaS-matrixIsolated-MoessbauerSpectroscopy RHEEDReflectionHigh-EnergyElectronDiffraction RIRefractiveIndex RIARadioImmuno Assay RIBSRutherfordIon BackscatteringSpectroscopy RIDESRaman-InducedDEflectionSpectroscopy RIEReactiveIonEtching RIKERaman-InducedKerr Effect RIKESRaman-InducedKerr EffectSpectroscopy RIMRadioInductionMethod RIMReactantIon Monitoring RIMSResonanceIonization MassSpectrometry RIPESResonantIonizationPhoto-ElectronSpectroscopy RISRadiation-InducedSegregation RISResonanceIonizationSpectroscopy RJCPRefocused J Cross-Polarization RLRadioLuminescence RLCCRotationLocular Counter currentChromatography RMARoentgenMicroAnalysis RMAEDRocking Micro-AreaElectronDiffraction rmsroot meansquare RNAARadiochemicalNeutron ActivationAnalysis - 39-ROReverse Osmosis ROARaman OpticalActivity ROESYRotating-frame OverhauserEnhancementSpectroscopy RPARetardingPotentialAnalyzer RPCReverse(d) PhaseChromatography RPEDRockingProbe ElectronDiffraction RPLRadioPhotoLuminescence RPLCReversedPhase LiquidChromatography RPTReverse PolarizationTransfer(method) RPTLCReversedPhase Thin LayerChromatography RRResonance Raman(effect) RRAResonantRaman Auger(effect) RREResonance RamanEffect RRSResonance Raman Scattering(Spectrometry) RRWAResonant Rotating Wave Approximation rsdrelative standarddeviation RSIRefractively ScannedInterferometer RSMRRayleighScatteringof MoessbauerScattering RTARapid ThermalAnnealing RTEResonance Transfer andExcitation RTFRoom-TemperatureFluorescence RTMRaster TunnelMicroscopy(see also STM) RTPRoom TemperaturePhosphorescence(spectroscopy) RTPLRoom TemperaturePhosphorescencein Liquidchromatography RTSRaman TunnelingSpectroscopy(see also STS) RXFARadionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Analysis RXTReflectionX-ray Topography SASurface Analysis SADSelective AreaDiffraction SADSingle Atom Detection SAEDSelective(Selected) AreaElectronDiffraction SAESShielded Auger ElectronSpectrometer SAMScanning AcousticMicroscopy SAMScanning Auger Microprobe SAMScanning Auger(electron) Microscopy(or Microscope) SANFSSmall-Angle Near-ForwardScattering SANSSmall-Angle NeutronScattering 40-SARIMS SARISA SAW SAX SAXS SA/RIMS SBS SCAD SCANIIR SCD SCDF SCE SCIC SCIM SCLC S-COSY SCRS SO SD SDA SDDS SDE SDLIF SDLTS SDMM SDR SDW SE SE SE SEA SEC SEC SEC SECOSS SECS SECSY SEC-IR Sputter AtomizationResonanceIonization MassSpectrometry Surface Analysis by ResonanceIonizationof Sputtered Atoms Surface-Acoustic-Wave(attenuation) Selected Area X-ray(photoelectronspectroscopy) Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Sputter Atomization/ResonanceIonization MassSpectrometry StimulatedBrillouinScattering Surface Characterizationand Depthprofiling Surface Compositionby Analysis of Neutraland* IonImpactRadiation Single-CrystalDiffractometer ScanningelectronDiFfraction Saturated CalomelElectrode Single ColumnIon Chromatography SCanned transmissionelectronImage Microscopy (see also STEM) Sequence CentrifugalLayer Chromatography Scaled CorrelationSpectroscopy Stokes Coherent RamanSpectroscopy SpectralDiffusion StandardDeviation SphericalDeflector Analyser Spin DecouplingDifference Spectroscopy(NMR) Simultaneous DistillationExtraction Synchronous Detection of Laser-InducedFluorescence Scanning Deep LevelTransientSpectroscopy Scanning Desorption Molecule Microscopy Spin-DependentResonance Spin Density Wave Size Exclusion Spin-Echo(NMR) Secondary Electron(emission) SoundEmission Analysis Size ExclusionChromatography SpectroElectrochemistry Steric ExclusionChromatography Spin Echo Correlation with Shift Scaling(NMR) Selective Electron CaptureSensitization Spin Echo CorrrelatedSpectroscopy(NMR) Size Exclusion Chromatography-InfraRedspectroscopy 41 SEC-TLCSize ExclusionChromatography- Thin:LayerChromatography SEC/LALLSSize ExclusionChromatography/Low-AngleLaser Light Scattering SEESecondaryElectronEmission SEFTSpinEcho Fourier Transform(NMR) SELEXSELectivespin-EXchange(NMR) SEMScanningElectronMicroscopy(or Microscope) SEM-AIAScanningElectron Microscopy-AutomatedImage Analysis SEM-EBICScanningElectron Microscopy-ElectronBeamInducedCurrent SEM-EDAXScanningElectron Microscopy- Energy-DispersiveAnalysis withX-ray SEM-EDSScanningElectronMicroscopy-Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy SEM-EDXScanningElectron Microscopy- Energy-DispersiveX-ray SEM-EMPScanningElectron Microscopy-ElectronMicroProbe SEMPShieldedElectronMicroProbe SEMPAScanningElectronMicroscopy withPolarizationAnalysis SEM/XRMAScanningElectronMicroscopy/X-RayMicroAnalysis SEPStimulatedEmissionPumping SEPESSynchrotonradiationExcitedPhotoElectronSpectroscopy SEPILSelectivelyExcitingProbeIonLuminescence SERRSSurface-EnhancedResonance RamanSpectroscopy SERSSurface-EnhancedRamanSpectroscopy(orScattering) SESDScanningElectronStimulatedDesorption SESETSEmi-SelectiveExcitationTechnique SETSingleExposureTechnique SEWSurfaceElectromagneticWaves(spectroscopy) SEWSSurfaceElectromagneticWave(s)Spectroscopy SEXAFSSurfaceExtendedX-ray AbsorptionFineStructure SFSpontaneousFission SFCSupercriticalFluidChromatography SFC-FTIRSupercriticalFluid Chromatography-FourierTransform InfraRedspectroscopy SFC-IRSupercriticalFluid Chromatography-InfraRedspectroscopy SFC-MSSupercriticalFluid Chromatography-MassSpectrometry SFFFSedimentationFieldFlowFractionation SFORDSingleFrequencyOff ResonanceDecoupling SGMSphericalGratingMonqchromator SGRPASphericalGrid RetardingPotentialAnalyser SGSESteady-GradientSpinEcho(NMR) S-HSmith-Hieftje(backgroundcorrection) - 42-SHEED SHEED SHG SI SI'CP SID SID SID SIDA SIE SIEE SIEM SU M S SIM SIM SIMA SIMA SIMAAC SIMS SIMS-IDP SIMS/ISS SIPS SIRIS SIRS SIRS SIT SKEWSY SL SLAM SLEEP SLGC SLLS SLR SMGE SMIM SMR SNIF-NMR SNMS ScanningHighEnergyElectronDiffraction Secondary HighEnergy ElectronDiffraction Second-HarmonicGeneration SurfaceIonization ShieldedInductivelyCoupledPlasma SingleIonDetection SelectedIon Detection SurfaceInducedDissociation StableIsotope DilutionAnalysis SecondaryIonEmission SurfaceIon-ElectronEmission ShadowImage ElectronMicroscopy SecondaryIon Imaging MassSpectrometry ScanningIonMicroscopy Selective(or Selected) IonMonitoring SecondaryIonMicroAnalysis ShieldedIon MicroprobeAnalyzer SimultaneousMultielementAtomic Absorptionusing (or with) a Continuumsource SecondaryIon Mass Spectrometry(orSpectroscopy) SecondaryIon Mass Spectrometry-ImageDepthProfiling SecondaryIon Mass Spectroscopy/IonScattering Spectroscopy SputterInducedPhotonSpectroscopy SputterInitiatedResonanceIonizationSpectroscopy SurfaceInduced ResonantSpectroscopy SatelliteInfraRedSpectrometer SelfInducedTransparency SKEWedexchangeSpectroscopy SynchronousLuminescence(spectroscopy) ScanningLaser AcousticMicroscope ScanningLow Energy ElectronProbe SplitLessGas Chromatographictechnique Surface Laser LightScattering Super LatticeReflection Selective MultisolventGradientElution Selective MetastableIonMonitoring SectionalMagneticResonance Site-specificNaturalIsotopeFractionation -Nuclear MagneticResonance Secondary NeutralMassSpectrometry 43-SNMSSputteredNeutralMassSpectrometry SODARSOnic(or SOund) DetectionAndRanging SOMScanningOpticalMicroscopy SONRESSaturatedOpticalNonResonantEmissionSpectroscopy SPCSurfacePhotoconductivity SPESolidPhaseExtraction SPESerum ProteinElectrophoresis SPECTSingle PhotonEmissionComputerTomography SPEELSSpin-PolarizedElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy SPEMScanningPhotoElectronMicroscope SPEXAFSSpin PolarizedExtendedX-ray AbsorptionFineStructure (spectroscopy) SPISelectivePopulationInversion(NMR) SPIPESSpin-PolarizedInversePhotoEmissionSpectroscopy SPIXEScanningProtonInducedX-rayEmission SPLEEDSpin-PolarizedLow EnergyElectronDiffraction SPMScanningProtonMicroprobe SPMDSSpin-PolarizedMetastableDeexcitationSpectroscopy SPPSpin-PolarizedPhotoemission SPPSSolidPhase PeptideSynthesis SPTSelectivePopulationTransfer(NMR) SPVSurfacePhotoVoltage(spectroscopy) SQUIDSuperconductingQUantumInterferenceDevice SRSpin-Rotation(interaction) SRSynchrotronRadiation SREMScanningReflectionElectronMicroscopy SRETScanningReferenceElectrochemicalTechnique SRFTSaturation-RecoveryFourierTransform SRGSStimulatedRaman GainSpectroscopy SRIXESynchrotronRadiationInducedX-rayEmission(fluorescence) SRPSSynchrotronRadiationPhotoelectronSpectroscopy SRRSStimulatedRotationalRamanScattering SRSShock-inducedReactionSynthesis SRSSpecular ReflectionSpectrometry SRSSpontaneousRamanScattering SRSStimulatedRamanSpectroscopy SRSSurface ReflectanceSpectroscopy SRWSStandardReference WaterSample SRXRFSynchrotronRadiationX-RayFluorescence SSBSpinningSide Band(NMR) SSBSCSingle SideBandSuppressedCarrierinterferometer -44 SSEMShieldedScanningElectronMicroscope SSERSSurface-SurpressedElectronResonanceSpectroscopy SSIMSStatic SecondaryIon MassSpectrometry SSLCSuper SpeedLiquidChromatography SSMStage ScanningMicroscope SSMSSpark Source MassSpectrometry SS-NMRSolid State-NuclearMagneticResonance SSNOEDSSteady-StateNuclear OverhauserEffectDifference Spectroscopy SSPSuspendedSolidPhase(separation) SSSSequentialSlow Scanning ST-AAShock Tube-Atomic Absorption(spectroscopy) STEBICScanningTransmissionElectronBeamInducedCurrent STEMScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy(Microscope) STEM/EDSScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy/ Energy-DispersiveSpectroscopy STESRSaturation-Transport-ElectronSpinResonance STIMScanningTransmissionIonMicroscopy STMScanningTunnelingMicroscopy(or Microscope) STNMRStochasticNuclear MagneticResonance(spectroscopy) STSScanningTunnelingSpectroscopy STSStimulatedThermalScattering STTR-CIDNPSTochasticTime-ResolvedChemicallyInducedDynamic NuclearPolarization STXMScanningTransmissionX-rayMicroscope SUFIRSUperFastInversionRecovery(NMR) SWIFTStored WaveformInverse Fourier Transform(excitation) SWVSquare-WaveVoltammetry SXASoft X-rayAbsorption SXAPSSoft X-ray Appearance-PotentialSpectroscopy SXESoft X-ray Emission(spectroscopy) SXESSoft X-rayEmissionSpectroscopy SXPESSoft X-ray PhotoElectronSpectroscopy SXPMScanningX-ray PhotoelectronMicroscopy SXRScanningX-rayRadiography SXRASynchrotronX-Ray fluorescenceAnalysis SXRDShieldedX-RayDiffractometer SXRFSynchrotronX-RayFluorescence SXRFSynchrotonX-RayFractography SXSSoft X-raySpectroscopy - 45-TA TALMS TAMS TA/MS TBC TCA TCCC TCD TCS TCS TDLAS TDMES TDMS TDMS TDPAC TDPAD TDS TDS TDS TEA TED TEELS TELS TELSCA TEM TEM/APFIM TEM/FIM TEM/SIMS TEM/STEM TEM/TED TEY TFA TG ThermalAnalysis Tunable AtomicLine MolecularSpectroscopy Tandem Accelerator MassSpectrometry ThermalAnalysis/MassSpectrometer ThermalBarrierCoating ThermoCentrifugometricAnalysis True CounterCurrentChromatography Triple-CrystalDiffractometry ThermallyCurrentSpectroscopy TransientCurrentSpectroscopy Tunable Diode Laser AbsorptionSpectrometer Time-DifferentialMoessbauerEmissionSpectroscopy TanDem(Quadrupole) MassSpectrometry ThermalDesorptionMassSpectrometry Time-DifferentialPerturbed AngularCorrelation Time-DifferentialPerturbed AngularDistribution ThermalDesorptionSpectroscopy ThermalDiffuseScattering TotalDissolvedSolids ThermalEnergy Analyzer TransmissionElectronDiffraction TransmissionElectronEnergy LossSpectroscopy TransmissionEnergy LossSpectroscopy TransmissionEnergy Loss Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis TransmissionElectron Microscopy(or Microscope) TransmissionElectron Microscope/AtomProbe Field Ion Microscope TransmissionElectron Microscope/Field-IonMicroscope TransmissionElectron Microscopy/SecondaryIon Mass Spectrometry TransmissionElectron Microscopy/ScanningTransmission ElectronMicroscopy TransmissionElectron Microscopy/TransmissionElectron Diffraction TotalElectronYield ThinFilm Analysis ThermoGravimetry 46-TGAThermoGravimetric Analysis TG/DSCThermoGravimetry/DifferentialScanningCalorimetry TG/DTAThermoGravimetry/DifferentialThermalAnalyis TG/MSThermoGravimetry/MassSpectrometry THDSThermalHelium DesorptionSpectrometry THEEDTransmission High Energy scanningElectronDiffraction TICTotalIon Chromatography TICTotalIon Current TICPTotalIon CurrentProfile TIDThermalIonizationDetector TIMSThermalIonization Mass Spectrometry(or Spectroscopy) TIRTotalInternalReflection TIRESTransientInfraRed EmissionSpectroscopy TISTotalIntegratedScatter TLThermalLensing TLThermoLuminescence TLAThin-Layer Activation TLCThin-Layer Chromatography 2DTLCTwo-DimensionalThin Layer Chromatography(DTLC) TLCFThin Layer Chromatography combined withFluorimetry TLGPCThin Layer GelPermeationChromatography TLMTransmissionLight Microscope TLSThermalLens(ing) Spectrometry(or Spectrophotometry) TMAThermoMagnetic Analysis TMAThermo MechanicalAnalysis TMRTopicalMagnetic Resonance TMSThermoionic Mass Spectrometry TNAAThermalNeutron Atomic Absorption TOCSYTOtalCorrelatedSpectroscopy TOETruncated driven nuclear Overhauser Enhancement(method) TOFTime-Of-Flight TOFATime-Of-Flight Analysis TOFATime-Of-FlightAnemometer TOFDTime-Of-FlightDiffraction TOFITime-Of-FlightIsochronousspectrometer TOF/MSTime-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry TOF/SIMSTime-Of-Flight SecondaryIon Mass Spectrometry TOLZThird Order Laue Zone TPATwo-Photon Absorption TPCThree Phases Catalysis TPCSTime Projection ComptonSpectrometer -47 TPD TPD TPDE TPE TPEF TPF TPGC TPM TPR TPR TQF-COSY TQMS TREELS TRELIBS TRFIA TRIX TRR TRRFA TRRR TRRRS TRRS TRS TSA TSC TSCTES TSD TSDC TSED TSEE TSEM TSE TSL TSQ TUV TVD TXFA TXRF Temperature-ProgrammedDesorption Transverse PhotothermalDeflection Temperature-ProgrammedDEcomposition Two-PhotonExcitation Two-PhotonExcitedFluorescence Two-PhotonFluorescence Temperature-ProgrammedGasChromatography TotalParticulateMatter Temperature-ProgrammedReaction Temperature-ProgrammedReduction Triple-QuantumFiltered-COrrelationSpectroscopY Triple-Quadrupole MassSpectrometry Time-ResolvedElectronEnergy LossSpectroscopy Time-REsolvedLaserInducedBreakdownSpectroscopy Time-ResolvedFluorescenceImmuno Assay TotalRate Imaging of X-rays Time-ResolvedReflectivity Time-ResolvedX-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Time-ResolvedResonance Raman(spectroscopy) Time-ResolvedResonance RamanSpectroscopy Time-ResolvedRamanSpectroscopy Time-ResolvedSpectroscopy TotalSurface Area Thermally StimulatedConductivity TotalSpin Coherence Transfer Echo Spectroscopy Thermally StimulatedDepolarization Thermally StimulatedDepolarizationCurrent(technique) TransmissionScanningElectronDiffraction Thermally Stimulated(or ThermoStimulated)Exoelectron Emission TransmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Thermally Stimulated(or ThermoStimulated)Exoemission Thermally Stimulated(or ThermoStimulated)Luminescence Triple Stage Quadrupole massspectrometry ThermalUltraviolet ThermalVoltaicDetection Totally reflectingsamplingcarrier X-rayFluorescence Analysis Totalreflection X-Ray Fluorescence(analysis) 48-u UHRNMRUltra-High-ResolutionNuclear MagneticResonance UHVUltra High(or UltraHigh) Vacuum UHVEMUltra High VoltageElectron Microscopy(Microscope) UHV-ESRUltra High Vacuum-ElectronSpin Resonance(spectroscopy) UPSUltraviolet-inducedPhotoelectronemissionSpectroscopy UPSUltravioletPhotoelectronSpectroscopy UPSUltravioletPhotoemissionSpectroscopy USMUltraSoundMicroscopy USXUltraSoftX-ray USXRSUltraSoftX-raySpectroscopy UTUltrasonicTesting UVUltraviolet UVSUltravioletSpectroscopy UV/VISUltaViolet/VISiblelightspectroscopy V VADVapor AxialDeposition VADSVelocity-AlignedDopplerSpectroscopy VASSVariable Angle SampleSpinning VASSNMRVariable Angle SampleSpinningNuclear MagneticResonance VCDVibrationalCircularDichroism VFTCPCVerticalFlow-ThroughCoilPlanetCentrifuge VISVisible lightSpectroscopy VISARVelocityInterferometerSystem for Any Reflector VLSValence LevelSpectroscopy VOSYVOlume-selectiveSpectroscopy VPIEVapor PressureIsotopeEffects VSAXSVery Small Angle X-ray Scattering VT-CPMASVariable Temperature-CrossPolarizationMagic Angle Spinning VUVVacuumUltraviolet VUV-CDVacuum UltraViolet-CircularDichroism VUVSVacuum UltravioletSpectroscopy -49 w WACBDPWide-Angle ConvergentBeam DiffractionPattern WAMIWide-Angle Michel sonInterferometer WANDWide-Angle Neutron Diffraction WAXSWide-Angle X-ray Scattering WBDFWeak-Beam Dark-Field(technique) WCAWet ChemicalAnalysis WDWavelength Dispersion WDSWavelength Dispersive Spectrometry(or Spectroscopy) WDXWavelength Dispersive X-ray(analysis or spectrometry) WD/XRFWavelength Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence(spectrometry) WEDXWindowless Energy-Dispersive X-ray(spectroscopy) WM-AASWavelength-Modulated Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry WM-AESWavelength-Modulated AtomicEmissionSpectrometry WRSWaveguide Raman Spectroscopy X XAESX-ray(induced or excited) Auger ElectronSpectroscopy XANESX-ray AbsorptionNear-Edge Structure(spectra) XANES/EXAFS X-ray AbsorptionNear-Edge Structure/ExtendedX-ray AbsorptionFine Structure(spectroscopy) XASX-ray AbsorptionSpectroscopy XDCX-ray Double Crystal(diffraction) XEAPSX-ray (induced) Electron Appearance PotentialSpectroscopy XEDX-ray Energy Dispersive(diffractometer) XEDSX-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy XEMX-ray ExoelectronMicroscopy XESX-ray Electron Spectroscopy XFAX-ray Fluorescence Analysis XHRTEMCross-sectionalHigh-Resolution TransmissionElectron Microscopy XINX-rayINterferometer XMAX-ray MicroAnalysis XMPAX-ray electron MicroProbe Analysis XPDFTX-ray Powder DiFfracTometry XPEDX-ray PhotoElectron Diffraction - 50-XPSX-ray(induced) PhotoeTectron(emission) Spectroscopy XPS-AESX-ray PhotoelectronSpectroscopy-AugerElectron Spectroscopy XRAX-Ray preferentialAbsorption(Analysis) XRDX-Ray Diffraction XRFX-Ray(analysisinduced by photons-X-ray)Fluorescence XRFAX-Ray Fluorescence Analysis XRFSX-Ray FluorescenceSpectrometry XRMAX-Ray MicroAnalysis XRMFX-Ray MicroFluorescence(spectroscopy) XRSX-ray Spectroscopy XSADX-ray Small Angle Diffraction XSQRX-SQuaR(PIXE induced XRF technique or use of particle induced X-rays to excite X-ray fluorescence) XTEMCross-sectionalTransmissionElectronMicroscopy XTMX-ray TomographicMicroscopy XUVextreme Ultraviolet Y ZAAZeeman Atomic Absorption ZAASZeeman Atomic AbsorptionSpectroscopy (or Spectrophotometry) ZAPZone Axis Pattern ZECSYZEro-quantum-coherenceCorrelationSpectroscopy ZF-NQRZero-Field-Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance ZIAZone Immuno Assay ZLSZeeman Laser Scattering(technique) ZQCZero-QuantumCoherence ZQSZero-QuantumSpectroscopy -51 -DETECTORS & ELECTRONICS A/Danalog-to-digital ADCanalog-to-digitalconverter ADPammonium dihydrogenphosphate AGCautomatic gain control AMamplitude modulation A/0acousto-optic APDavalanche photodiode BSDbackscattered(electron) detector CCDcharged coupled device CLDcathode luminescence detector CPScounts per second CPSD(photo) counting position sensitive detector CRDcathode ray tube display CROcathode ray oscilloscope CRTcathode ray tube D/Adigital-to-analog DACdigital-to-analogconverter DAD(photo) diode array detector DQEdetector quantumefficiency DTGSdeuteratedtriglycine sulphate (or sulfate) DTSdeuteratedtriglycine sulphate (or sulfate) ELDelectroluminescentdiode E/Oelectro-optic FOCSfiber optics chemicalsensors GSGGgadoliniumscandium gallium garnet I/Oinput-output IPindium-phosphide IPSDintegrating position-sensitivedetector ISFETion sensitive field effecttransistor ITDion trap detector LEDlight emitting diode MCTmercury cadmiumtelluride MFDmultiple function detector MIPDmicrowave-inducedplasma detector MPDmicrowave-inducedplasma detector MWPCmulti-wire proportionalcounter PDpulse delay -53 PDAphotodiodearray PEMphotoelasticmodulator PFApulsefl ip angle PIDphotoion(or photoionization) detector PLZTleadlanthanum-modifiedzirconiumtitanate PMphasemodulation PMTphotomultipliertube PWpulse width PZTpiezoelectrictransducer QPDquadraturephasedetection RFradiofrequency SBDSchottkybarrierdiode SBRsignal-to-backgroundratio SCEsaturatedcalomelelectrode SEDsecondaryelectrondetector SEMsecondaryelectronmultiplier S/Nsignal-to-noiseratio SNRsingal-to-noiseratio TCDthermalconductivitydetector TGStryglycinesulfate(detector). TIDthermalionizationdetector XALxenonarc(continuum) lamp YAGyttriumaluminiumgarnet ZIPzincimpurityphotodetector - 5 4-Tips for information retrieval in scientific databases' a )U m l a u t e :(a,6,ii) Sinceentriesin databasesare generallyin 7-bitASCII(AmericanStandard Code for InformationInterchange),namescontaining"Umlaute"suchasa,6,u havebeentransformedto ae,oe,ue and 8 toss. ex.:MoGbauer Mollenstedt search for Moessbauer(sometimesMossbauer) Moellenstedt(sometimesMollenstedt) b )N a m e s o f M e t h o d s o r I n s t r u m e n t s : If you are not surethatall authorshaveused the rightspelling, usethe righthandtruncation,internalcharactermaskingorsimplywrite the differentspellings. You can alsochoosethe exacttermsby meansofthe expandcommand.Thiscommandisusedtoexaminethecontentsof the invertedindexalphabeticallyadjacent(left or right) to a requestedterm. examples for righthandtruncation: - for microscopy or microscope write: - for pulse or pulsed write: - for reverse or reversed write: - for analysis or analyzer - CAS standardabbreviation for analysis: - for thermogravimetry or thermogravimetric - for spectrometry,spectrometer or spectroscopy write: - if spectrophotometry,spectroscopical or spectrochemicalshould be included write: microscop# pulse# reverse* analy### not analyt? anal. thermogravimetr## spectro##### spectro? examples for internalcharacter masking: - for fluorimetry or fluorometry write:fluorlmetry otherexamples withdifferentspellings: - ultrahigh or ultrahigh - thermallystimulated or thermostimulated Host: Databases: RetrievalLanguage: STNInternational CA(ChemicalAbstractsService) ENERGY (US Department of Energy OSTI) PHYS(FIZ Karlsruhe) Messenger -55 c )Se a r c hs t r a t e g i e s Abbreviationsshouldbeconsideredascomplementarytermsinasearch strategy.Alwaysuse the fullspellingof amethod(perhapswithsome truncationsor proximityoperators). Difficultiescan arisewhenthereare differentspellingsof a methodor if theseabbreviationsareusedforothermethodsornames,suchas the followingexample. EMPAElectronMicroprobeAnalysis EPMAElectronProbeMicroanalysis EPXMAElectronProbeX-rayMicroAnalysis XMAX-rayMicroanalysis XMPAX-rayElectronMicroprobeAnalysis Frequencyofthedifferentspellingsand databases:(Search20/21Dec.1990; Host: STN) abbreviationsinafew CAENERGYPHYS (1967-90)(1976-90)(1979-90) 1.ElectronMicroprobeAnalysis 2.EMPA^ 3.ElectronProbeMicroanalysis 4.ElectronProbeMicroAnalysis 5.EPMA^ 6.ElectronProbeX-rayMicroAnalysis 7.EPXMA^ 8.ElectronProbeAnalysis 9.X-rayMicroanalysis 10. XMA^ 11.X-rayElectronMicroprobeAnalysis 12.XMPA 2,5,7,10,12 1-12 BI 3949 9 975 24 135 0 4 241 1794 7 7 0 155 5612 BI/AB 7682 57 3197 64 576 3 12 586 3851 42 15 1 682 13907 2001 59 390 33 229 7 13 46 763 30 1 0 328 2931 2202 35 484 36 330 3 6 39 601 23 2 0 394 3096 righthandtruncation:anal#### N ot e: In the databasesENERGYand PHYS the titlesand abstractsare contained in theBasicIndex and no specificsearchcodeis required.In the database CA however the BasicIndexcontainsonlysinglewordsfromtitlesand indexing fields.Toincludealsothe abstractsin yoursearchstrategyyou have to specifythesearchcode"/IA" whichcombinestheBasicIndexand the Abstracts. -56 REFERENCES BorsdorfR.,FreseniusW.,GunzlerH.,HuberW.,KelkerK., LiiderwaldI., TolgG.,WisserH. AnalytikerTaschenbuchBd.8(1989)p.297-305 ISBN 3-540-50149-5Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork ISBN0-387-50149-5Springer-VerlagNewYorkBerlinHeidelberg DelayL., Arkens0. Theacronymsusedin the worldofspectroscopy,microscopyand diffractometry- I. Compilationandclassification SpectrochimicaActa36B,(1981) 351-360 (DepartementMetaalkunde,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven, deCroylaan2, B-3030Heverlee,Belgium) DelayL., Arkens0. Theacronymsusedin the worldofspectroscopy,microscopyand diffractometry- II. Glossaryofabbreviations SpectrochimicaActa36B,(1981)361-372 (DepartementMetaalkunde,Kathol iekeUniversiteitLeuven, deCroylaan2, B-3030Heverlee,Belgium) FreseniusW., GunzlerH.,HuberW.,LiiderwaldI., TolgG.,WisserH. AnalytikerTaschenbuch,Bd.5(1985)p.304-310 ISBN3-540-13770-XSpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkTokyo ISBN0-387-13770-XSpringer-VerlagNewYorkHeidelbergBerlinTokyo LideD.R.Jr. Useofabbreviationsin thechemicalliterature.(Recommandations1979) IUPACInterdivisionalCommitteeonNomenclatureandSymbols PureAppl.Chem.,52(1980)p.2229-32 ReuterU. AbkiirzungenundAkronymein derChemie ISBN3-921956-73-0GITVerlag(1988) SpectroscopyInternationalVol.1(1989) No.5p.40-41 Glossaryof AbbreviationsandAcronyms WendischD.A.W. AcronymsandAbbreviationsin MolecularSpectroscopy ISBN3-540-51348-5Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork(1990) ISBN0-387-51348-5Springer-VerlagNewYorkBerlinHeidelberg (CentralResearchServices, Bayer AG, D-5090Leverkusen-Bayerwerk) WhanR.E. Directoryof AnalyticalMethods SAND85-2800(3rdedition; January1986) (ReportpublishedbytheMaterialsCharacterizationDepartment1820 oftheSandiaNationalLaboratories, Albuquerque,NM87185,USA) -57 Miscellaneouspublicationson abbreviations: AoyamaH. Dictionaryof Acronymsin NewTechnology(inJapanese) KogyoChosakaiPublishingCo. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, 240 pp.(1985) BowdenD.D. Abregramsor deleweds: Aforty-yearviewofacronyms.(Abbreviations) UCRL--96697(1987) 14p. InstituteofElectricalandElectronicEngineers,. Professional CommunicationSocietyconference, Winnipeg, Canada,14 Oct.1987 (LawrenceLivermoreNationalLab., CA, USA) ChangS. Abbreviationsusedinscientificandtechnicalreports Juel-Spez--354(1986) 144p. (ReportpublishedbytheKernforschungsanlageJuelichG.m.b.H, F.R.ofGermany) IshiiH.,HiroseS. Dictionaryofabbreviationsandacronymsin organicchemistryand biochemistry(inJapanese) ChisjinShokanCo., Ltd,Tokyo, 298 pp.(1989) LauF.-S. Dictionaryofnuclearpowerandwaste managementwithabbreviations andacronyms ISBN:0471-91517-3JohnWiley&SonsInc., N.Y.(1987) 396p. ISBN:086380-051-3ResearchStudiesPressLtd.,Letchworth,England (1987) 396p. Listofabbreviationsusedin nuclear wastemanagement CUED/D-Soils/TR-167(1986) 75p. (ReportformtheCambridgeUniv.(UK) Dept. ofEngineering) LaurinT.C. ThePhotonicsDictionary(Book3, 33rdEd.,1987) p.A4-A8 LaurinPublishingCompany,Inc., BerkshireCommon, P.O.Box1146, Pittsfield,Mass.01202 NUREG AHandbookof AcronymsandInitial ism NUREG--0544-Rev.2(January1985) (PublishedbytheDivisionofTechnicalInformationandDocumentControl -Officeof Administration- U.S. NuclearRegulatoryCommission Washington, D.C.20555 QuillmannH. Nuclearenergyabbreviationsandacronyms Verlagfur Wirtschaftsinformation. ATW-Broschure192p. YamasakiA. Dictionaryof Acronymsin ScienceandTechnology(inJapanese) MaruzenCo., Ltd, Japan793pp.(1987) 58 Acknowledgement Thanksare due to Dr. H. Kutterof the Institutefor TransuraniumElements andDr. A. Spieglfromthe Libraryof the KernforschungszentrumKarlsruhe forprovidinglistswithabbreviationstheydiscoveredwhenreviewing the chemicalliteratureand alsofor theirencouragementto pursueand finish thiswork.I am alsogratefulto Dr. J.Babelotand Dr. H.-E.Schmidt for theirvaluablecomments. -59 EuropeanCommunitiesCommission EUR13571Acronymsandinitialismsin analyticalmethodsand instrumentation J.Richter Luxembourg:Office forOfficialPublicationsof theEuropeanCommunities 1991 V, 59pp. 21.0x29.7cm ISBN92-826-2772-1 Cataloguenumber:CD-NA-13571-EN-C Price(excludingVAT)inLuxembourg:ECU6.25 Thisdocumentrecords,inalphabeticorder,abbreviations(acronyms, initialisms,andothercondensedforms)ofanalyticalmethodsandinstru-mentation.Furthermore, a listofabbreviationsofdetectorsandelectronics hasbeenincludedattheend.Itisintendedtohelpscientistsandthe growingnumberofon-linesearcherstoretrieveinformation, especiallyin theareaofanalyticalchemistry.Afewtipsconcerningon-linesearchesin thedatabasesaregiveninannex.Someofthebasicrecommendationsof IUPAChavebeenincludedin theexplanatorynotesas wellasdefinitions of the differentabbreviation forms. 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