1.1 CDMA2000-1X Link Budget

The CDMA link budget depends on four types of parameter: system parameter, Base Station

parameter, terminal parameter, and margin.

1.1.1 Reverse Link Budget

The reverse link budget result of different services in urban environment is listed in the table:

Table1 detailed reverse link budget procedure of MS in urban

Voice (kbps)

PDS (kbps) CDS(kbps)

Formula

9.6 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6 14.4

Max transmit power per traffic channel (dBm)

21.55 19.17 20.50 21.29 21.91 22.35 21.55

EiRP of terminal (dBm)

19.55 17.17 18.50 19.29 19.91 20.35 19.55

A, considering antenna gain and connect loss of MS

Antenna gain of BTS (dBi)

18 18 18 18 18 18 18

B, use Agisson DX-806-960-65-18i-0F for example

Feeder cable length in BTS (m)

45 45 45 45 45 45 45Average Hb is 40m,

Loss of BS feeder cable and connector (dB)

1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81

C, Considering the loss of 5m 1/2-inch jumper and 0.2 dB loss of connectors.

Noise figure of receiver (dB)

3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 D

Eb/No (dB) 3.64 3.37 3.04 2.52 2.21 1.99 5.02 E

Receiver sensitivity (dB)

-126.84 -127.11 -124.43 -121.93 -119.23 -116.45 -123.70 G=-174+D+E +10lg(Rb)+F

Max path loss (dB)

161.82 159.70 158.35 156.65 154.57 152.23 158.68 I = A + B – C – G – F – H

Body loss (dB)

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 J

Soft handoff gain (dB)

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 K

Shadow fading margin (dB)

5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 L

Penetration loss (dB)

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 M

Interference margin (dB)

2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44

2.44

N, 50% reverse load,

Allowable propagation loss for required coverage (dB)

133.88 131.76 130.41 128.71 126.63 124.29 130.74 PL = I – J + K – L – M – N

And then, we can get the reverse link allowable propagation loss of other terminals in various

environments by the same calculation method as table 1. The calculation result is listed in the follows table

2:

Table 2, reverse link allowable propagation loss for required coverage (dB)

EnvironmentTerminal type

Voice PDS (kbps) CDS(kbps)

9.6 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6 14.4

Urban (indoor)

MS 133.88 131.76 130.41 128.71 126.63 124.29 130.74

Depends on the reverse link budget result which is shown in the table 2, we estimated the coverage radius

of voice service and various data service as shown in Table 3

Table 3, coverage radius estimation for urban environment

Environment

Terminal type

Coverage Radius Estimation (Km)

Voice

PDS (kbps) CDS(kbps)

9.6 9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6 14.4

Urban /indoor MS 2.024 1.756 1.604 1.432 1.246 1.065 1.648

1.2 CDMA2000 EVDO Link Budget

1.2.1 Parameters List and Analysis

The key to the link budget is the analysis of related parameters. Here is the explanation

of these parameters and their value analysis.

System parameters:

Carrier Frequency

There are three frequency band can be used in CDMA2000 1x EV-DO: 450MHz,

800MHz and 1900MHz. The link budgets in this document mainly use 800MHz.

Spread Bandwidth

Spectrum spread bandwidth of CDMA1x EVDO is 1.2288MHz

Data Rate

Reverse rate: 9.6kpbs, 19.2kpbs, 38.4kpbs, 76.8kpbs, and 153.6kpbs

Forward rate: 38.4kpbs, 76.8kpbs, 153.6kpbs, 307.2kpbs, 614.4kpbs, 921.6kpbs,

1228.8kpbs, 1843.2kpbs, 2457.6kpbs

Process Gain

Its value equals to the ratio of the spectrum spread bandwidth over the data rate.

Thermal Noise

Thermal noise ＝10Log（KTB）+Noise figure

K=1.38*10-23J/K Boltzman constant

T: Absolute temperature, generally 300K

B: System bandwidth

Base Station parameters:

Transmitter Power

Maximal

transmit

power of base

stations is

20W (43.01dBm)

Antenna Gain

18 dBi

Feeder loss

Urban

Antenna Height（m） 40

Feeder Cable Length（m） 45

Feeder Cable Type 7/8

Feeder Cable Loss（dB/100m）800MHZ 4.03

Reverse Link Eb/Nt (800Mhz)

Noise Figure of Receiver

The receiver will

add noises into

the signal when it passes the receiver. And it is the property of the equipment. Different

equipment has a different noise factor. The noise figure of the Huawei BTS is 3.7 dB.

Subscriber station parameters

Transmitter Power

Maximal transmit power of mobile station is 200mW (23.01dBm)

Gain of Antenna

Generally, it is taken that the MS antenna and the connection loss are 0dB.

Body Loss

In the data service, the mobile terminal is not close to the human body and the human

body loss can be ignored in this case.

Forward Link Eb/Nt (800Mhz)

Data Rate(kbps) Slots PER Urban

Data Rate(kbps) PER Urban

9.6

0.5% 1.96

1% 1.67

3% 1.35

19.2

0.5% 1.80

1% 1.59

3% 1.27

38.4

0.5% 1.82

1% 1.73

3% 1.41

76.8

0.5% 2.28

1% 2.21

3% 1.80

153.6

0.5% 4.04

1% 3.82

3% 3.54

38.4 16

0.5% 6.80

1% 5.57

3% 4.26

76.8 8

0.5% 7.34

1% 6.15

3% 4.61

153.6 4

0.5% 7.33

1% 6.14

3% 4.50

307.2 2

0.5% 7.42

1% 6.23

3% 4.59

307.2 4

0.5% 7.41

1% 6.32

3% 4.78

614.4 1

0.5% 7.61

1% 6.42

3% 4.88

614.4 2

0.5% 7.50

1% 6.31

3% 4.77

921.6 2

0.5% 8.34

1% 7.25

3% 5.71

1228.8 1

0.5% 9.40

1% 8.21

3% 6.62

1228.8 2 0.5% 9.89

1% 8.70

3% 7.26

1843.2 1

0.5% 13.04

1% 11.75

3% 10.21

2457.6 1

0.5% 16.39

1% 15.10

3% 13.46

Noise Figure of Receiver

Generally, the noise figure of the MS is 9 dB.

Margin:

Shadow fading margin

Situation Urban

Area Coverage Probability 90%

Marginal Coverage Probability 75%

Shadow fading Margin (dB) 5.5

1.2.2 Reverse link budget table

Table 1, Detailed reverse link budget procedure of 800 MHz & single antenna terminal & 3 sectors & indoor:

Morphology Urban Formula

Data Rate(kbps) 19.2

Data Rate(dB-Hz) 42.83 A

MS Transfer Power(mW) 200.00

Max Transmit Power per Traffic Channel(dBm)

23.01 B

MS Cable & Connector Loss (dB) 0 C

MS Rx Antenna Gain(dBi) 0 D

EIRP(dBm) 23.01 E=B-C+D

Antenna Gain of BTS(dBi) 17 F

Feeder Cable Length in BTS(m) 45

Loss of BTS Feeder Cable and Connector(dB)

3.23 G

Noise Figure of Receiver(dB) 4.0 H

Required Eb/Nt per Antenna @ 0% Loading(dB)

1.27 I

Receiver Sensitivity(dB) -124.89 J=-174+H+I+A

Actual Environment Sensitivity(dB) -124.89 K=J

Max Path Loss(dB) 162.67 L=E+F-G-K

Body Loss 0 M

Soft Handoff Gain(dB) 4.1 N

Standard Deviation of Shadow Fading(dB)

8.0

Area Margin Coverage Probability 90%

Shadow Fading Margin(dB) 5.5 O

Clutter Loss(dB) 20 P

Interference Margin(dB) 3.01 Q

Reverse System Load 50%

Differential Fade Margin(dB) 2.1 R

Reverse Noise Floor Correction(dB) 0 S

Second Environment Correction(dB) 0 T

Allowable Propagation Loss for Required Coverage(dB)

136.16U=L-M+N-O-P-Q-R-S-T

Antenna Height of Terminal(m) 1.5

Antenna Height of BTS(m) 40

RL Coverage Radius(km) 1.526

And then, we can get the reverse link allowable propagation loss in various environments by

the same calculation method as table 1. The calculation result is listed in the follows table 2:

Table 2, reverse link budget of single Antenna terminal for urban area (800MHz)

Data Rate (kbps)

9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6

Allowable Prop. Loss for required coverage (dB)

133.26 131.9 130.75 129.08 127.02

Outdoor Coverage Radius (km)

1.836 1.656 1.526 1.357 1.178