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COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS –PAST/PRESENT/FUTURE

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1 To study thephysicalcharacteris-tics of coirfibre

TechnologicalLaboratory ofthe IndianCentralCottonCommittee,Bombay

1955to1957

To study the characteristicsof coir.

Assessed the proportions of differentlength fibres in coir fibre, torsionalrigidity and comparative study of tensilestrength of coir, sisal and aloe fibres andformulated standard specification for 4different grades of coir fibre

2 To study thechemicalaspects ofcoir andfind newuser areas

Department ofChemicalTechnology,University ofBombay

1957to1961

To explore the technologyof dyeing and chemicalanalysis of coir

The study involved morphology of thefibre, variation in linear density,extraction of lignin in coir waste, coconutpith and coir fibres, systematicinvestigation on application of variousclasses of dyes, utilisation of coir waste /coconut pith as fillers in production ofmoulding composition using phenolformaldehyde in the production of‘COIROLITE’

Developed “COIROLITE”from coir pith and PF resin.

3 ApplicationofBituminisedmatting

Vaiga canalAuthority,Madurai

1960.

To find out the diversifieduse of matting.

Bituminised coir matting by treatmentwith bitumen and its application as canallining with Vaiga canal Authority,Madurai.

4 Design anddevelop aprototypepedaloperatedcoirspinningmachine

SmallIndustriesserviceInstitute,Ollur.

1961 To design and fabricate aprototype improved coirspinning machine.

Studied the pedal operated coir spinningmachine with CCRI and designed andfabricated a prototype incorporating someimprovements in the design whichincreased the output and lessened thestrain on the spinner operating pedal butproduced a somewhat coarser yarn.

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5 Applicationof coir mattings forsandstowingpurposes.

Collieries ofTata Iron andSteel Works

1961 To use coir matting in sandstowing operation.

The coir nettings was used for sandstowing purposes in Coal mines of TataIron and Steel Works and the preliminaryexperiments showed encouraging results.Extensive trials were conducted to studythe economics of the process and reportedthat coir matting could be reused for sandstowing operations for about 40 times.

6 Use of coirbeltings asconveyors

Tata Iron andSteelCompany

1962 To explore the possibilitiesof using coir beltings asconveyors

The Tata Iron & Steel Company used coirbeltings as conveyors for fine ores andthey reported that the experimentalinvestigations in the use of coir belting asconveyors of “Fines” in Iron Mines didnot suit their purpose.

Coir belting is not suitableto use as conveyors for ironores.

7 Utilisationof mats asdumpingmats

DefenceResearchLaboratory

1962 To study the use of mats asdumping mats

Sample mats were supplied to DefenceResearch Laboratory who studied its useas dumping mats as shock absorbing percushion heads

8 Utilisationof coir fibrein Axle boxpacking

1962 To Investigate thepossibilities of utilisingcoir fibres in axle boxpacking

Investigated the possibilities of utilisingretted fibre mattress fibre and decorticatedfibre with cotton waste in axle boxpacking.

9 To fabricatetreadleoperatedspinningmachine

Govt. of IndiaProductionCentre,Ettumanoor

1963 To fabricate a motorisedtreadle operated spinningmachine of better output

Fabricated two modified treadle operatedspinning machines and put into intensiveperformance run at CCRI. The machinegave an average output of 9.0 lb per daywith a maximum output of 13.0 lb of coiryarn from 8 hour day.



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10 To designandfabricatedan improvedcoirspinningmachine

AlleppeycycleAssemblyWorkersIndustrial Co-operativeSociety

1964 To fabricate an improvedcoir spinning machine

An improved coir spinning machine wasfabricated by incorporating a friction gearwheel device and the trials proved to beunsatisfactory.

11 To Designandfabricate afibreextractionmachine

SmallIndustriesServiceInstitute,Alleppey

1965 To design and fabricate anew prototype fibreextraction machine

Studied the models of coir fibre extractionmachines available in the industry andfabricated a prototype.

12 To designandfabricateequipmentsfor testingrubberisedcoir

Extensioncentre forGeneralEngineering,Alleppey

1967 To design and fabricateinstruments for testingrubberised coir.

The physical characteristics of rubberisedcoir such as hardness, resistance to flexingand load was assessed by instrumentsdesigned and fabricated in associationwith Extension Centre for GeneralEngineering. Indentation hardness index,flex testing machine and compression setswere fabricated

13 To designandfabricate aprototypesliveringmachine

Govt. of Indiaproductioncentre,Ettumanoor.

1968 To design and fabricate aslivery machine ofimproved performance.

With the new slivering machine,produced 48 kg of silvers of per hour andnearly obtained slivers uniform density of25 to 30 g per metre



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17 To designandfabricate anautomaticcoirspinningmachine

Govt. of IndiaProductionCentre,Ettumanoor.

1971 To design and fabricate anautomatic spinningmachine

Designed and fabricated an automatic coirspinning machine with arrangements forwinding the yarn separately from thetwisting and doubling mechanism whichimproved the performance of the machinefor production of yarns of different twist.

18 Theoreticalaspects ofRetting

IndianInstitute ofScience,Bangalore

3years1971

1) Determine the periodrequired for retting ofgreen husks before andafter crushing.2) To explore thepossibility of aerating theretting environment with anew to facilitate theprocess.3) To study the effect ofperiodic flushing of the retliquor on the quality of thefibre and the time taken forcompletion of the process.

1) The studies revealed that crushing ofgreen coconut husks prior to steepingconsiderably reduced the time taken forcompletion of the retting processcompared to the uncrushed husks. Thedegradation of poly phenols and pectinwas much faster when the husks werecrushed and uncrushed.2) Aeration of the retting environment didnot hasten the retting process. Howeverthe colour of the fibre was superior whenaerated.3) Weekly or fortnightly flushing resultedin shortening the time taken forcompletion of retting of uncrushed husks.Flushing did not help in reducing the timefurther for crushed husks. The colour ofthe fibre derived from periodically flushedhusks was superior and comparable to thebest shades of commercial fibres whereasthe fibre from the stagnant rets was farinferior in colour.



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14 ToInvestigatethefundamentalaspects ofdyeing ofcoir fibre

Department ofChemicalTechnology,UniversityDepartment ofChemicalTechnology,Bombay

1969

3Years

To study the fundamentalaspects of dyeingincluding the mechanismof fixation of dyestuffson coir fibre.

Conducted studies in the kinetics of dyeingcoir fibre with two selected dyes belonging toacid, basic and direct classes. A study of thecross section of coir fibre dyed with typicaldyes from acid, basic and direct classesshowed that penetration of dye into the coirfibre was unsatisfactory and dye was presentmore or less in outer region only.

15 To designandfabricate acops andconewindingmachine

Govt. of IndiaProductionCentre,Ettumanoor

1969 To prepare machinedrawings of the importedcops winding machineand cone windingmachine

Fabricated prototypes.

16 Use of coirmatting forsandstowing incoal mines

CentralMiningResearchStation,Dhanbad.

1969

3years

To assess the advantagesof coir matting for sandstowing material in coalmines.

Investigated the application of coir mattingfor sand stowing in coal mines and oncomparison with the strength to rupture of thedifferent barricading materials showed thatcoir matting was 3.2 times stronger thanbrattice cloth, 3.6 times stronger than doublelayer hessian cloth, 5 times stronger thansingle layer hessian cloth and 8 times strongerthan bamboo mattings and strength to ruptureof coir matting was least affected by water.The field test revealed that coir mattings haddefinite advantages over the conventionalbarricading materials for stowing operationand over all saving of 64% in the cost of thecoir matting barricading material in relation tobamboo mats.



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19 Utilisationof coirmattings /pads in roadconstructionand erosioncontrol onhill slidesand railwayembankments.

Central RoadResearchInstitute, NewDelhi.

19713Years

Utilisation of coirmatting/nettings in areas.1) As an underlay forasphaltic concrete.2) As an underlay forasphalt surfacing.3) As an reinforcing layerfor flexible overlays oncracked coconut concreteslabs and

1) It was reported that coir nettings are avery effective means of checking erosionand establishing vegetation on denudedslopes. Field demonstration wereconducted in 1972 at hill slide slopes ofHindustan – Tibet National Highway –down hill near Idgah grounds in Simlacovering an area of 278.7 sq. metre andRailway embankment slopes of nearBridge No. 154 Pathankot to JammuRailway Link 70 km from Pathankotcovering an area of 1200 Sq.mtrs using ½inch mesh coir nettings.

20 Use of coirnettings ascontainer ofstones

Department ofCivilEngineering,PunjabUniversity .

1972 Protection of soil slopesagainst scour using stonesenclosed in coir nets.

Use of coir nettings of 1 cm2 meshindicated that coir is tough and hard toavoid the cuttings on contact with thesharp edges of stones. The coir nets haveextreme flexibility to allow thesettlements of the coir-stone bed assumethe profile of the protected bed with theadvantage of causing the stones to act inunison, thereby preclude the possibility ofthe stones being washed away even athigh velocity flows and can be used forRiver training works such as groins andspurs with earthen embankment andcovered with coir stone bed.



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21 Development of roofing/ panellingboards fromcoir pith

CBRI 1973 1Year

To use coir as a reinforcingmaterial to developcomposite boards from coirfibre and allied materialsfor roofing / panelling

Coir fibre / coconut pith was used as areinforcing material and developedcomposite boards from coir fibre / ricestraw and cement, from coir fibre/coconutpith/ cement and corrugated sheets fromcoir file and cement. The panels werefound suitable for partitions and wallingin building constructions. The physicalproperties such as bulk density, texture,moisture absorption , bending strength,thermal insulations, thermal performanceindex, fire resistance, drying shrinkage,sound transmission loss and absorptionco-efficient were measured.

22 Coconutpithconcrete forThermalInsulation

CentralBuildingResearchInstitute,Roorkee.

Toproduce lightweightcoconut pithconcrete forthermalinsulation

1974 Samples of pith concretewere made by mixing itwith dry cement and waterand the mix is poured onthe roof to be insulated andair dried for 20 days to 30days. The thermalconductivity wasmeasured.

It gives better thermal insulation and easyto mix and lay in situ. Cost also workedout which is only one half to two thirddepending on transport cost of the pith.



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23 Singlestrand fromcoir/Jute

Jute InstituteResearchAssociation

1975 Admixing of coir and Juteto spin single strand yarn.

Studies were conducted in evolving singlestrand from coir fibre and softened coirfibre was made available to Jute IndustriesAssociation by CCRI. Admixture of juteto the extent of 20% improved theuniformity of single strand yarn due tomore efficient movements to the coir fibresoftened coir fibre/jute using Jute spinningsystems with improved settings Yarn wasspun from blend of 80% softened coir and20% jute fibre and blends of 50% eachsoftened coir fibre and ordinary jute fibreon the jute

24 Use of Coirpith ingaskets

NationalChemicalLaboratory,Pune.

Todiversify theuse ofcoirpith ingaskets

1978 Coir pith at a loading of100 phr and 150 phr wasused as filler in naturalrubber and syntheticrubbers such as SBR,Neoprene, Nitrile, Butyland EPR and gaskets weremoulded at a vulcanisationtemp of 1200C for 10 to 60minutes.

It was revealed that the coir pith -rubbergaskets were more resistant to ageing andto compression set and other effects offatigue than rubber gaskets. A paper wasalso published and pith can replace theimported cork sheets in the manufactureof gaskets in automobile oil engines andsimilar equipment.Project profiles were made based on thestudy at National Chemical Laboratory,Pune in which samples of gaskets of size18” X 18”X1/8” were prepared and thetechnology ready for transfer throughNRDC.



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25 To study theinterbiologicalaspects ofretting

IndianInstitute ofScience,Bangalore.

1979 To explore the micro florapresent in important rettingsites of Kerala.

Collected ret liquors from five importantretting centres – Chavara, South Paravoor,Muthukulam, Pachaloor and Muthakunnamand were analysed for micro flora (bacteria,fungi and yeasts) and revealed that retting ofcoconut husk is of aerobic nature. The pH,colour, distribution of bacterial genera andfungal flora, its counts / ml in the ret liquor,the anaerobic species and yeast floraassociated with the five natural rets werealso analysed. Most of the organisms play avital part in the decomposition of pecticsubstances and poly phenols.

26 To fabricatemodeltestingmachine forcoir in PVCbase.Development ofequipmentfor tuftingcoir in PVC.1st phaseDesignIInd phaseFabrication

MERADO,CSIR, Madras/ Durgapur.

1.25

4.75

1978

1986

To design and fabricate amodel prototype machinefor tufting Coir in PVCbase

In the phase 1 of the project on developmentof equipment for tufting coir in PVC baseand completed the design of a model plantby MERADO.In phase II fabrication of a model machinefor tufting of coir in PVC as designed inphase 1. consisting of the sub assembliessuch as creel stand, yarn feeding unit, coircutting mechanism, drier / curing chamberand carpet rolling / winding units werecompleted and fabricated individual sub-assemblies were tested for theirperformance. Initially cut bits of coir yarnwere hand tufted in PVC base in a tray.Complication and difficulties faced forfeeding unit, cutter assembly and drier unitswhich required refinements and perfection.



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27 Use of Coirmatting asfoundationfor sea wall

KeralaEngineeringResearchInstitute,Peechi

19791Month

Use of coir matting as filtermaterial below the sea wall

Model studies with coir matting indicatedthat the rate of development of scour andthe rate at which the sea wall is damagedis slower when coir matting was used asfilter material in place of fascine mattress.The extent of damages to sea wall andscour below and immediately in front ofthe wall do not differ to any considerabledegree by changing the foundation / filtermaterials to coir mattress. Sand filledrubber backed coir mattings of size 1.80mX 1.20 m (in the empty state) was usedfor maintenance of A.S.E works in placeof armour stones at north of Alleppeybetween RLS 87 and 91 for a length of 50m.

28 Utilisationof coir pithas manureinagriculturalfarms.

Tamil NaduAgriculturalUniversity,Coimbatore.

1980-91

To investigate the coir pithas manure in agriculturalfarms for different crops inthe field level and oncontinued application fordifferent seasons.

The study reported that coir pith can besuccessfully utilised in agricultural farmsfor higher yield with lesser application offertiliser, improving the yield in alkalinesoils as well and coir pith applicationincrease the hydraulic conductivity of thesoil. As the dose of coir pith increases,organic carbon content of the soil alsoincreased.

The findings of theresearch project onutilisation of coir pith werehighlighted in a seminarconducted at TNAU,Coimbatore in November1991



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to farmers, students, unemployedgraduates and visitors during exhibitionand training programmes.

29 Improvements in CoirCargo forexport.

IndianInstitute ofPackaging,Mumbai.

1983 To improve packaging ofcoir products in areas ofalternative wrappingmaterials for export cargo,development of unitpackages and protection ofcorners of mat bundles.

Packing materials for coir mats, coir yarnmaterials with edge protectors, plasticwrappings and containerisation withdifferent plastic materials for exports weremade and demonstrated. The possibility ofeffecting improvements in packing toprevent damages of mats at the edges /corners by positioning of corner stripsmade out of solid fibre board andcorrugated board were examined andfound that corner strips made out ofcorrugated board withstood the pressureof wrapping strips at the edges withoutdamage to the mats.Of the different wrapping materials tried,hessian/ poly laminate for packaging ofcoir, HDPE packs with suitable openingsfor escape of moisture and arrangementfor heat sealing the packing stage gavebest result. Studies in containerisationrevealed that 5.5 to 6 tonnes of coir matsand 5.8 tonnes of coir mattings could bestuffed in a 20 feet container.

Disseminated the findingsin a workshop held on24.02.1989 at CCRI

30 To developa treadle rattof enhancedoutput

MERADO,Kochi.

1984 Design and to develop aprototype treadle ratt ofbetter output

The possibilities of effectingimprovements to the treadle ratt forenhancing the output and reducing theoperational strain led to the fabrication ofa new treadle ratt.



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Studied the utility of coir pith as additiveto soil for increasing the yield inagricultural crops such as ground nut,Sorghum, Sugar cane and coir pithsamples were analysed for micro nutrientcontent (Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn). Composting ofcoir pith using the fungus pleurotus of coirpith using the fungus Pleurotus Sajor Caju(mushroom) in combination with ureawas confirmed in the field level study forcrops like ground nut, paddy, sapota etc.and the effect of continuous application ofcoir pith on the growth and yield ofgroundnut for a period of five seasonsshowed steady increase in the yield andnutrient uptake by groundnut pod.Iron enriched compost coir pith alongwith zinc salt recorded high yield of maizeover the control with NPK (28.5%).Studies in rain fed and irrigated farmswith tapioca as the test crop showed thatthe yield increased significantly onapplication of coir pith with a saving ofpotash fertiliser to the extent of 50% Potexperiments with coir based poultry litteralong with NPK indicated significantlyhigher yield for sodium cowpea cropsystem.The methodology and training incomposting of coir pith was demonstrated



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The machine was put to intensiveperformance runs and found moremodification and refinement to make itacceptable to the trade.

31 Trainingprogrammes

EuropeanEconomic,Community

1984 A short-term trainingprogramme in ProductDevelopment, Dyeing andShade Matching, Testingand Quality Control.

R & D personnel were deputed to trainingprogrammes in product development atDansk Textile Institute, Tastrup,Denmark, Dyeing and shade matching atTropical Products Research andDevelopment Institute, London andTesting and Quality control at T.F.I,Aachen, West Germany, through IndiaTrade Centre, Brussels and EEC.

32 Treatmentand disposalof spentliquors fromthebleaching/dyeingoperations

NationalEnvironmental EngineeringResearchInstitute,Kochi.

1984 To treat the spent liquors ofbleaching / dyeingoperations meeting withthe norms of pollutioncontrol board.

Effluents from dye house was collected atperiodic intervals and tested forBOD/pH/Colour and other parameters inthe NERRI lab and suggested remedialmeasures which were strictly followedand norm and standards were arrived forinstallation of an Effluent Treatment Plantfor dye house at CCRI.

33 Use of coirneedled feltin packingof electronicitems

BPL IndiaLtd.Bangalore.

1984 To study the usefulness ofcoir needled felt inpackaging.

The study showed that coir needled feltsandwiched with rubberised coir andrubberised coir needled felt is a bestpackaging materials for hospitalequipments like cathode ray, oscilloscope,cardiac monitor etc. in transit.



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34 Use of Coirneedled feltin packingof electronicitems

BharatElectronicsLtd.,Bangalore.

1984 To investigate thepossibilities of using coirneedled felt in packing ofelectronic items.

It was reported that rubberised coirneedled felt used for packing fragile itemssuch as valves and T.V tubes withstandingthe rigours on handling and transport ofthe items.

35 To study thequality offibre fromhusks ofwiltinfectedcoconuttrees.

CentralPlantationCropsResearchInstitute,Kayamkulam

1984 To investigate the effect ofwilt infection on quality ofcoconut husk

A field study was conducted on thequality of fibre extracted from coconuthusks of wilt infected coconut husks. Thehusks of coconut collected from healthycoconut trees, coconut trees early stage ofwilt infection and coconut trees inadvanced stage of wilt infection werecrushed and steeped for retting in both of300 each in areas susceptible to good tidalaction. Samples of husk before steepingand three months after steeping wereexamined for microbial load revealed thatincreased microbial activity in husks fromnuts of healthy trees compared to husksfrom nuts of root wilt affected trees, withthe infection being either in the early orlater stage. The physical characteristicssuch as tensile strength, initial modulusand elongation showed no substantialdifference at all among the three types offibre.



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36 Use of sandfilled coirbags asarmour unitsfor sea wallin coastalprotectionworks.

Central Waterand PowerResearchStation,Khadakwasla,Pune

1985 The prospects of usingsand filled rubber backedcoir bags as armour unitsfor sea wall.

Rubber backed Coir matting bags filled withsand(8 kg) were laid in 1:5 slope vertically(normal to the waves) and horizontally(parallel to the waves) as single layer andvertically in double layer and studied theeffect of wave actions on placement of thebags and reported that the single layer sandfilled bags can withstand wave height of0.8m to 0.95m and double layer sand filledbags laid vertically 0.95m to 1.0m for nodamage condition and showed nodeterioration in the marine environment. Ifthe sand filled bags has been tied with eachother for interlocking, the weight of theindividual sand filled bag is stable and willnot be dislocated due to wave action.

37 To study onthe use ofcoir pith asa medium ofconservation of soilmoisture.

University ofAgriculturalSciences,Bangalore.

19853Years.

To study the effect of coirpith.1)As a medium forconservation of soilmoisture.2)As a mulch in the farms3) The effect of adding coirpith in specific proportionsto farm soil on thephysico-chemical of thesoil with particularreference to selectivecrops such as Cashew,Coconut and Paddy.

Analysed the chemical composition of coirpith available in Karnataka and mineralcontents, cellulose, lignin and degradationof coir pith. The study revealed that theyield of crops such as cashew and coconutincreased by the application of coir pith.The application of coir pith in agriculturefarms suppresses the weed growth andconserves moisture in coconut and cashewplantations. Use of coir pith to the farm soilwith ragi, groundnut and maize as the testcrop showed increased yield.



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38 To study thesuitability ofJanathaMattress

UPASI 1986 To study the usefulness ofmattress from coir needledfelt

Coir needled felt layers were laminated byhot pressing after spraying withcompounded rubber latex. It was thancovered with cheap cotton tapestry andmarketted as Janatha Mattress. UPASIwas tied up for the effectiveness of theJanatha mattress and ascertained theirviews on the suitability of the Janathamattress from coir needled felt for use byworkers of Tea Estates who reported thatthe performance was satisfactory.

39 Applicationof coirnetting forerosioncontrol ofsoil slopesofhighways.

Central RoadResearchInstitute, NewDelhi.

1986 To apply coir netting forerosion control of slopes

Field demonstration were conducted usingcoir netting of mesh size 1” at NilgiriHills (3300 m2 ) Coonoor – Kundha Roadand Nagapattanam-Gudalore-MysoreRoad(630 m2) in 1986 in association withHighway Research Station, Madras andMirapur-Davel Road(750 m2), LambidharMines(1500 m2) and Dolmar, Nainital-Almora Road(500 m2) in U.P in 1986 and1987 have established the technique that itcan successfully control surficiallandslides in the Nilgiris and in theHimalayan regions and also in thetreatment of highway slopes againsterosion and the technique is cost effective.

40 Development of adevice forhusk beater.

NationalResearchDevelopmentCorporation,New Delhi.

25000 1986 To develop a prototypehusk beater to reduce thelabour drudgery

Designed and developed prototype but notfound acceptance in the trade.

Not successful as theprototype did not findacceptance in the trade.



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41 DesignDevelopment.

Indo-InternationalTrade Centre,UNDP, NewDelhi/Genevaand theSwedishInternationalDevelopmentAuthority,Stockholm

1987 Trade promotion programof evolving moderndesigns colour matchingand styles of coir productsfor European markets andtrain the designers in theindustry.

New designs in novel themes in attractivecolour combination involving thedevelopment of the design concept,translation of the design concept in to thedesign card, manufacture of selecteddesigns of consumer appeal (46 patterns)and popularisation of the design bydisplay at Trade Fairs / Exhibitions within India and abroad were carried outavailing the services and support of theITC/SIDA as part of trade promotionprogramme.

42 To designand developstandardsemi-automaticloom forweavingcoir matting

MERADO,Madras.

1988 To fabricate a prototypestandard semi automaticloom for weaving coirmatting.

Drawings of the components of semiautomatic loom was made, standardisedthe dimensions of each part and modelloom was fabricated and put in tointensive performance run.

43 Development of amachineryfor themanufactureof circularcoir mats

MERADO,Kochi.

1.95 1988

15months

To design and develop aprototype loom for themanufacture of Hollandermats..

Designed and fabricated a prototype butnot found to be successful in weavingquality Hollander mats.



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44 Developmental studiesonCoir/Polymercompositesas buildingmaterialssuch aspanelling,roofing etc.

RegionalResearchLaboratory,Trivandrum

998250

1988-89

1Year

Design and fabrication of acontinuous polymerimpregnating unit formaking prepreg usingneedled felts, studies onprocessing coir/PFcomposite sheets (plain andcorrugated) for variousapplications, setting up alaboratory scaledemonstration plantTechnology Transfer.

Samples of coir polymer composite usingphenol formaldehyde were evolved. A lablevel plant was installed and doors andceiling and panelling were made anddemonstrations was made by panelling inHotels like Sakthi Hotels, Pollachi.Technology was transferred to M/sDuroflex Pvt.Ltd., Bangalore.

A seminar was conductedto disseminate the findingson 28th February 1992.

45 Use of coirneedled feltas filter forunderground drain

WALI,Baroda

1989 To study the usefulness ofcoir needled felt as filterfor drains

Samples of coir needled felt were madeavailable to the Executive Engineer,WALI who reported that the material wassuitable as filter for underground drainsand conducted performance of the felt fora period of about one year on service ofthe material under field conditions as filterfor underground drain for laggingperforated underground drain pipes.

46 Pilot plantfor makingcoconutfibrereinforcedgypsumboard forbuildingIndustry.

RegionalResearchLaboratory,Jammu Tawi

8.50 19891Year

To set up a demonstrationplant for the production ofcoconut fibre reinforcedgypsum Boards forBuilding Industry.

Gypsum reinforced coir needled feltboards useful for false ceiling, panellingand cabin were made by sandwichinglayers of coir needled felt with layers ofgypsum which possessed properties likelow thermal and sound conductivity,smooth finish and easy machinability.

A seminar was conductedat Hotel Holiday Inn on28th Feb,1992 todisseminate the findings.



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47 Utilisationof coirmatting forroof surfaceevaporativecooling

CentralBuildingResearchInstitute,Roorkee, U.P

126000 &3000m2S2BM7coirmatting.

1989 Develop a suitabletechnology to exploit coirmatting in roof cooling.

Field demonstrations were conducted andfound that S2BM7 is the best coir mattingand durable in cooling buildings ofvarious types in hot places as evidenced inthe field trials at Tata Energy ResearchInstitute, IIT, New Delhi, CBRI Roorkee,Central Institute of Medicine andAromatic plants, Lucknow, Tyre plantfactory, Meerat, Mughal Sheraton, Agra,Standard Radiators, Vadodara andNarmada Plastics, Rajegaon.

The findings wasdisseminated in the seminarin coir polymer compositesand coir gypsum held on28th Feb 1992

48 Design anddevelopment of fullyautomatic 4mtr. widepower loom.

MERADO,CSIR,Madras.

12.00 1990 To design and fabricate aprototype 4 mtr. Powerloom.

Prepared the drawings but not able tocomplete the assembly and hence woundup the project.

49 Developcolourfastness tocoir.

Department ofChemicalTechnology,University ofBombay.

2.09 19911Year

To develop colour fastnessto light for coir.

1) Conducted an appraisal of the problemsrelating to bleaching and dyeing2) Studied and developed techniques tocolour fastness to coir fibre/yarn

The findings wasdisseminated in a seminarheld in 1992.



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50 CoirRetting-Process upgradationandpollutionabatementthroughenvironmentalbiotechnology

CUSAT,Kochi

4.57 1993

3Years.

Develop technique forupgrading the process ofretting to yield goodquality fibre and containthe pollution along thecoast of Kerala.

Surveyed the retting sites of Ernakulam,Alleppy and Kollam Districts and thehydrological parameters such as pH,salinity, colour and tidal amolitude, modeof retting, quality of fibres produced andchemical characterisation of ret liquorand husk infurion were studied.

51 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forstabilisationof bunds.

Rice ResearchStation,Monkombu,KAU.

1996 To reinforce the mud wallof bunds

Conducted a field study in application ofcoir geo-textiles in soil stabilisation ofbunds for control of irrigation of paddyfields at Monkombu in Kuttandu bylaying coir geo-textiles of basket weavefor reinforcing the mud wall. The mattingwas fixed to the bamboo and coconutpoles at a distance of ½ meter to give it astable structure.

52 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forarrestingsoil erosionin reservoir

KSEB KeralaandCharankattuCoir Mfg (Co)PVT Ltd.Cherthala.

1998 To apply coir geo-textilesagainst soil erosion in thereservoir

Applied H2M5 coir geo-textiles coveringan area of 3000m2 to control soil erosionin the reservoir of the Hydro-electricproject, Kakkayam.



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Slno

Name of theProject

CollaborativeAgency


Dur-ation


53 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forriver bankprotectionandassessingthebiodegradability of coirgeo-textiles

KeralaAgriculturalUniversity

7.13 20003Year.

To assess thebiodegradability of coirgeo-textiles undervarying conditions and toevaluate the performanceof the coir geo-textiles asa protective materialagainst stream bankerosion.

The bio degradation of coir geo-textiles laidon varying slopes, on exposed rockypatches for template planting of variouscrops and for stream bank erosion controlwere assessed. The tensile strength of geo-textiles reduced considerably over theperiod with complete degradation after 180days. The extent of preventing gully erosionand to encourage siltation along the streambank was studied 500m2 area was covered.Several microbes belonging to bacterialand fungal population were foundassociated with degraded geo-textiles.

54 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forsoil andwaterconservation at varyingslopes

KeralaAgriculturalUniversity

9.86 2000 To evaluate the effect ofdifferent types of coirgeo-textiles onpreventing soil loss andin helping soil and waterconservation undervarious slopes.

7000 m2 was covered with coir geo-textilesat 20%, 30% and 50% slopes and the resultindicated that coir geo-textiles couldconsiderably reduce soil and water loss ofsloppy land.

55 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forregenerations of exposedrock patches

KeralaAgriculturalUniversity.

9.83 2000 Do develop suitabletechnologies forrejuvenating the eroded /degraded lands andrehabilitating the rockypatches using coir geo-textiles.

Field demonstration conducted by coveringrocky patches without soil by a layer of turfand over this with coir geo-textiles of 200m2 and another layer of soil was spread anda control without coir geo-textiles.Rocky patches could be regenerated usingcoir pith and geo-textiles in combinationwith turfing. Establishment of grass coveron geo-textile mulched rocks was good.



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Slno

Name of theProject

CollaborativeAgency


Dur-ation


56 Applicationof coir geo-textiles fortemplateplanting andas a soilmulch

KeralaAgriculturalUniversity.

6.97 2000 To assess the impact ofcoir geo-textiles as asoil mulch

Studied the effect of coir geo-textiles fortemplate planting of intercrops in coconutgardens and effect of coir geo-textiles as asoil mulch to prevent weed growth. The effectof different mulching agents in growth ofbindhi, pineapple and brinjal was studied.Among the treatments tried transparentpolythene was better than geo-textiles.

57 To developmouldedcoirpolymerproducts

IndianplywoodIndustriesResearchInstitute,Bangalore

2001 Developed polymer composite boards ofimproved appearance and finish by vapourcure coating. The wood veneered particleboards were tested at IPIRI.The moulded materials were tested whichsatisfied the requirements for commercial use.

58 Applicationof coir geo-textiles forprotectionof RoadEmbankments

IndianInstitute ofManagement,Kozhikode.

9.75 20011Year

To use coir geo-textilesin the roadembankments in theIIMK Campus.

The coir geo-textiles was made available toIIMK and laid coir geo-textiles on the roadembankments of 5 Km stretch inside thecampus of Indian Institute of ManagementKozhikode. The treated area was properlyvegetated and the degradation of geo-textilesand growth of vegetation monitored regularlyby the officers of CCRI.

59 Testing oflignosulphonateextractedfrom coirpith as anexpander inlead acidbatteries

CentralElectroChemicalResearchInstitute,(CECRI),Karikudi

2001 To find out an area ofuse for ligno sulphonateextracted from coir pithand assess its quality.

The CECRI has recommended the use ofsodium ligno sulphonate as an expender inlead acid batteries by successfullyexperimented it and proposed to enhance thepurity of the material so as to increase chargedischarge cycles as per internationalstandards.



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Slno

Name of theProject

CollaborativeAgency


Dur-ation


60 DesignIntervention

NID,Ahmedabad

1) Operation DesertGreen.2) NID cell at CCRI3) Coir cell at NID

The coir materials to be promoted ascamouflage materials of 2 inch mesh for thedefence establishments and prepareddifferent samples and given to the Armyestablishment for testing. An NID cell wascreated at CCRI which provided designsupport to the trade. A full time designexpert was placed at CCRI and coir fibrewas bleached with other natural coir fibrelike sisal, banana etc. for making fine countyarn. A coir cell was created at NID,Ahmadabad where the products made out ofdesign intervention were displayed anddetails disseminated to the trade.36 different sample products weremanufactured from blended yarn of finequality such as carry bags, shopping bags,boxes and corridor mats.

Organised twodissemination workshops atCCRI on blending andmake value added productsout of it to the industry.

61 To developtechnologyfor dyeingand printingof coir withNaturalDyes.

IIT, NewDelhi.

8.125lakhs

20012Year

Techniques of applyingnatural dyes to coir

12 Shades were evolved from vegetabledyes on coir with the help of mordents andits light fastness were assessed. Thequantity of the vegetable dyes requiredvaried from 5 to 10% on the weight of thematerial.Samples of products were also made fromyarn dyed with natural dyes

A Workshop-cum-Demonstration was held todisseminate the findings ofthe project in 2003 andsamples of shade and dyeskit with brochure onmethodology of applicationof the vegetable dyes usedby the IIT, New Delhi weredistributed to the trade



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COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS – PRESENT

Sl.No. Name of the Project Collaborative Agency Board’s ShareRs.in Lakhs

Duration Objectives Result Remarks

1. Bio-softening andbio-bleaching of DryHusk fibres.

Dept. of BiologicalChemistry, IndianAssociation for theCultivation of Science,Kolkata.

9.956 1 Year To produce softfibres from dryhusk for easierspinning andmaking innovativeproducts

Laboratorytrials aresuccessful

One year’sextensionrequired for upscaling thetechnology

2. Development of coircomposite sandwichmaterials andproducts forindustrial and socio-economicapplications.

RV-TIFAC ( ACollaborative ventureof RV College ofEngineering andTechnologyInformationForecasting andAssessment Council)Composite DesignCentre, Bangalore.

200.00 18 Months To produce coirglass fibre hybridsfor manufacturingeconomic doors andother materials ofvarious end uses

The productsdevelopedsuccessfully.

A workshopwill be held in2005, fordisseminationof results

3. Development of coircomposite board forsheathing of woodencrates for heavyequipments andmachine tools.

Indian Institute ofPackaging, Mumbai.

9.375 6 Months To prepareeconomic packingmaterial out of coirpolymer compositeboards forreplacement ofplywood.

Patent filed.The productsdevelopedsuccessfully.

A workshop isto be organisedfordisseminationof technology



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4. Development of coircomposite boards forpallet docks.

Indian Institute ofPackaging, Mumbai

9.375 6 Months To develop palletdocks by replacingcommercialplywood.

The productshave beensuccessfullydeveloped..

Theinformation tobedisseminatedthrough aworkshop

5. Development of coircomposite boards fortop and bottomclosures for fibreboard drums.


9.375 6 Months To replacecommercialplywood with coirpolymer compositeboards.

The producthas beensuccessfullydeveloped.

Technologywill bedisseminatedthrough aworkshop

6. Development ofcushioning media andsemi hard media fromcoconut husk/pith.


9.375 6 Months Cushioning mediafor safe packagingof fragile materials.

Laboratorytrials resultedproduct whichfoundapplication butneedsrefinement aregoing on.

The finalinstalment tobe released onsubmission ofthe projectreport.



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Sl.No. Name of the Project Collaborative Agency Board’sShareRs.inLakhs


7. Development ofTechnology forproduction of particleboards from tendercoconut fibres.

P.S.G. PolytechnicCollege, Coimbatore.

82.00 9Months

To utilise the wastetender coconut husk formaking innovativeparticle boards forvarious end uses.

The experimentaltrial producedparticle boardswhich requiremodification forgetting boardswithout warping.

The finalinstalment tobe releasedaftersuccessfuldemonstrationof thetechnology.

8. Development of eco-friendly production ofexport orientedvanilla using coirgeo-textiles and otherproducts, like coirpith, coir needled felt,coconut husk etc. as ashading material forvanilla nursery andalso coir and coirwastes foraugmenting growthof seedlings.

Spices Board, Kochi. 9.75 3 Years. Replacement ofnormally used nylonnets for green houseswith coir and use of coirpith and coir gardenarticles for growth ofvanilla plant.

Prepared greenhouses with coirgeo-textiles andvanilla plant wasgrown on coir polesusing compostedcoir pith as manure.

Reportawaited.

9. Development of aspinning system forblends with jute andsisal fibres.

South India TextileResearch Association,Coimbatore.

9.50 12Months

To develop a machinefor spinning of coir onjute machine withsuitable modificationsincluding exploring thepossibility of elongatingthe coir fibres to makethat uniform inthickness.

Experimental trialsare going on aftersoftening the coirfibres with strongalkali.

Reportawaited.



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10 Modification ofrubberised coirmattress for hospitalbeds enhancingpatient comfort,increasing longevityand making itimpermeable there bydecreasing hospitalrequired infectionthrough mattresses.

Indian Institute ofMedical Science,Banaras HinduUniversity.

10.00 2 Years To developrubberised coirproducts by applyinga layer of reinforcedPoly VinylChloride(PVC) on itssurface.

Initial trials havebeen found to besuccessful with thePVC alone.Experiments will beconducted by usingreinforced PVC.

Reportawaited.

11. Development andapplication of coirpith based Cyanbacterial bio-fertiliserfor field cultivation.

Dept. ofBiotechnology,BharathidasanUniversity.

4.97 Composting of coirpith using algae,supplying oxygen inthe heap anddegrading itsimultaneously.

Lab scale trials aresuccessful.The time period ofcomposting is to beestablished afterfield trials.

2nd phase to beinitiated.

12 Bio-efficiency ofCoir Pith OrganicManure for 12 crops

Kerala AgriculturalUniversity.

3.6 2 Years Testing the efficiencyof C-POM on 12crops.

Required quantity ofC-POM provided todifferent researchstations of KAU.

Reportawaited.

13. Project SEWAK forthe use of coir geo-textiles at a roadembankment site inDimapur-Kohimaroad.

Border RoadsOrganisation.

4.00 4 Months Application of coirgeo-textiles onerosion control ofroad embankment.

Site was selectedgeo-textiles was sentto the site laying ofgeo-textiles will becarried out onprocurement offixing materials byBRO.



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14. Project PUSHPAK,on the use of coirgeo-textiles atSilchar-Agartalaroad.

Border RoadsOrganisation

9.50 6 Months Application of coirgeo-textiles on soilerosion control ofslops of roadembankments.

Coir geo-textilescoco logs were sentand completedlaying of coir geo-textiles

15. Project SETUK, onthe use of coir geo-textiles in area of4000 sq.m. atKarimganj bypass inAssam


4.00 7 Months

16. Project ‘DEEPAK’,on the use of coirgeo-textiles at an areaof 400 mtrs. X 6.`0mtrs. On a marshyland at 80.000 kmson Manali-Sarchuroad in HimachalPradesh.


3.00 2 Months

17. Project ‘UDAYAK’on the use of coirgeo-textiles at Mon-Naginimari road inNagaland and Hunli-Amini road inArunachal Pradesh


6.00 6 Months.

18. Project ‘CHETAK’on the use of coirgeo-textiles for sanddune stabilisation at


4.00 5 Months.



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Jaissalmer.Sl.No. Name of the Project Collaborative Agency Board’s

ShareRs.inLakhs


19. Development ofEffective productionof fuel from Wastefibre for the use onfire places

Tata Energy ResearchInstitute, Delhi.

6.00 6 Months To find out use ofcoir pith/bit fibres asfuel.

Trials wereconducted onbriquettes made ofcoir pith. Thecalorific value ofcoir pith has beenfound to be near tocoal, but initialdrying cost isprohibitive.

Final reportsubmitted.

20. Development of aplatform mountedcompact portable coirfibre extraction unit

PSG College ofTechnology,Coimbatore.

8.96 5 Months To develop a mobiledefibering withhigher productivity

Trials are beingconducted for propergripping of the huskon release from thefirst defiberingoperation.

21. Preparation of Codeof Practice for theapplication of geo-textiles for theeffective marketingof coir geo-textileswithin India forerosion controlpurposes.

Indian Institute ofTechnology, NewDelhi.

2.5 4 Months Code of Practice forcoir geo-textiles to beused in highways androads.

It is underpreparation.

22. Protection of roadembankment on theIIM-K campus usingcoir geo-textiles aspart of 2nd phase.

Indian Institute ofManagement,Kozhikode.

4.60875



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23. Development of coircomposite boards forwalkway on eitherside of foot overbridge.

Konkan RailwayCorporation Ltd.

9.66 A Proposal has beensubmitted initially fortwo foot over bridgesfor approval of board

24. Use of coir pith as abio absorbent forremoval and recoveryof uranium fromsolutions at lower pH

Bhabha AtomicResearch Centre,Mumbai.

2 To use coir pith as anabsorbent for nuclearwaste

Lab level trials havebeen successful

25. Possibilities of coiron the consolidationof soil

Cochin University ofScience andTechnology, Kochi.

6.75 2 Years

26. Use of coirbhoovastra inpavements

Cochin University ofScience andTechnology, Kochi.

7.60 2 Years



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COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS - PROPOSED FOR FUTURE



1. Increase the longevityof coir.

Indian Institute ofChemical Biology,Jadavpur, Kolkata.

29.47 3 Years To enhance thelongevity of coir for itsuse in long termapplications by che-mical / biological mo-dification.

2. Application of Natu-ral dyes on Coir,Phase II

Dept. of Textile Tech-nology, IIT, NewDelhi.

55.44 2 Years To establish a pilotplant at CCRI toextract Natural dyes inbulk scale forapplication on coir

3. Development of aversatile spinningmachine for coir

Dept. of Textile Tech-nology, IIT, NewDelhi.

4. Production of vanillinfrom coir pith.

Central Pulp and PaperResearch Institute,Saharanpur, U.P.

Extraction of sodiumLignosulfonate and itsconversion into vanill-in form coir pith.

5. Application of coirgeo-textiles for roadconstruction / emban-kment protection.

Public Works Departm-ent, U.P.

To carry outexperiment-cum-dem-onstration in the Stateof Uttar Pradesh forroad construction androad embankmentprotection.



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6. To use coir polymercomposite in railway.

Research Design andStandards Organisat-ion, Lucknow.

To develop substituteof asbestos roof sheetswith coir polymercomposite boards inrailway compartments.

7. To evolve Kaleensfrom coir.

Indian Institute ofCarpet Technology,Bhadohi, U. P.

7.98 To develop Kaleens bythe use of softened coirin combination withwool and animal hairs.

MOU to besigned.

8. Application of coircomposite for footoverbridges.

Konkan Railway Corp-oration Ltd

Demonstration of CoirComposite Board forpathways on ramps forfoot over bridges

MOU to besigned.

9. Popularisation of coircomposite in school.

Technology Informa-tion Forecasting andAssessment Council.

147.00 Manufacturing andsupply of 3000 sets ofdesks and benches forschools

10. Application of geo-textiles for roadembankmentprotection.

Central Road ResearchInstitute, New Delhi.

Application of coirgeo-textiles for roadembankments protec-tion not exceeding10Km



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