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This is CASE STUDY 1 of 4 from HealthLeaders Media Breakthroughs: The Bridge to Accountable Care Organizations
ACOACO
Case Study | Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
In collaboration with
The Bridge to Accountable Care
Organizations
January 20112010 AS
BPE GOLD
DIGITAL MAGAZINEGENERAL EXCELLENCE
2010 ASBPE GOLD
DIGITAL MAGAZINEGENERAL EXCELLENCE
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To many hospital executives who have been in healthcare long enough to see a few cycles of change, the thought of going back toward integration and carrying risk for covered lives fills them with dread. Many of them were only too happy to
sell off their health plans from the mid-1990s, disband HMo-style
networks and return to a core business of fee-for-service.
The alternative view is a bit more hopeful: that ACos can be
built on the lessons and mistakes of the HMo era. In the 1990s,
many hospitals built health plans and referral networks, but not
the necessary infrastructure, governance and physician alignment
to make the ventures successful. For those hospitals, ACos may
represent a chance to redeem their honest efforts to better manage
a patient population’s health quality and expenses by rebuilding the
foundation from scratch.
For example, Indianapolis-based Franciscan Alliance/st. Francis
Hospital and Health Centers—which owns 13 hospitals in Indiana
and Illinois—have managed to keep their networks alive and
thriving, creating a solid foundation to which they may only need to
bolt on additional applications to make an entire ACo network.
st. Francis Health Network is a physician-hospital corporation
founded in 1993, which now coordinates care for approximately
35,000 covered lives, among them the Franciscan Alliance’s own
5,000 health system employees in the region. Its physician network
is made up of almost 500 physicians, including 60 primary care
physicians and another 60 specialists employed directly by the
health system. In addition, Franciscan Alliance/st. Francis Hospital
and Health Centers is one of four Catholic health systems that are
owners of Advantage Health solutions, which offers HMo and Pos
plans to employers.
While the network does not have every piece of the ACo machin-
ery, what it does have is the experience and physician culture on
managing health and carrying risk that gives it a decided head start.
B Y j I M M o L P u s
Pieces in PlaceCase Study | Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
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While many hospitals took down their integration after the last round in the 1990s, Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers are thankful they held onto theirs.
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Case Study | Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
“We’ve had a very strong shared responsibility approach to
managing the care of the patients within the st. Francis Health
Network, and that’s forced us to utilize our resources efficiently
and appropriately,” says Robert j. Brody, CEo, Central Indiana
Region for Franciscan Alliance. “By sharing decision-making with
physicians with respect to performance improvement and clinical
quality initiatives, we are better prepared than most in this chang-
ing environment.”
“other organizations are probably—I won’t say scrambling—
but they’re trying to figure out the infrastructure development
question,” CFo jay Brehm says. “We’re not. The infrastructure is
there. so that enables us to slide right into meaningful discussions
with payers about working more closely on the overall healthcare
of their members.”
Keeping the network through years where most hospitals
divested them was not always easy, says sFHN executive director
jennifer Westfall. It helped that both Brody and Brehm knew that
managing care was a strength they needed to keep.
“so when other organizations across the country began to
experience the risk environment, our hospital management stayed
the course,” Westfall says. “They saw the future. Westfall says it
helped that “part of our commercial lives are our own 5,000
hospital employees and their dependents, so we’ve been able to
make a real difference in the cost of the health insurance that the
hospital pays as a self-funded group.”
When the health reform debate started to include pilots and
other signs directed toward accountable care organizations,
Westfall and the team knew there were pieces that sFHN would
need to build.
“It gives us an opportunity to continue to build upon the founda-
tion of the st. Francis Health Network that we developed over the
last 16 years,” she says, which includes boosting their post-acute
care strategy, population management and the development of pri-
mary care medical home models.
one of the first goals is to work with the primary care network
on three or four large disease states, including diabetes, so that
every patient is treated with uniform care protocols.
“The focus now is on getting patients in and out of the hospital as
quickly as possible. The renewed focus will be to manage the patient
earlier so hospitalization may never be necessary,” Westfall says.
Physician building blocksone of the complaints that many physicians had with capitated
plans was that it forced too much interpretation and denial of
care on the physicians. joseph LaRosa, MD, medical director for
st. Francis Health Network, says the 500 physicians in the group
have worked together to come up with consistent preauthorization
guidelines, backed up by external medical necessity criteria from
Milliman.
“We have made the preauthorization process simple,” LaRosa
says. “The physicians know from the beginning that here are the
rules and this is what qualifies for this or that. They know well in
advance what’s going to fly and what’s not going to fly. Decreasing
the hassle for the physicians has been another buy-in factor.”
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Westfall and LaRosa recognize that the physician network and
alignment created for the current health network will have to be
updated to reach a fully functioning accountable care organization,
including the creation of medical homes.
“I think that our doctors are on board with the process of medi-
cal homes,” LaRosa says. “It’s a different mind-set though. We don’t
know until we really push it through what the total reaction will be.
The challenge is not going to be our primary care doctors. The chal-
lenge may lie with our subspecialists. Medical homes and ACos rely
Administrative costs for
the plan are kept at 4.6%—
compared to a national
average of 9.18%, according
to a study by the BlueCross
Blueshield Association.
Physicians are contracted at
full capitation. Both the net-
work and contracted physi-
cians assume the risk through
withholds, says Westfall.
All ancillary testing, lab
work, and imaging are
performed at the hospital,
which removes potential phy-
sician overuse, Westfall says.
“Therefore, overutilization of
services for revenue enhance-
ment was never an issue in our cost model.”
Another cost that the network does not have to bear is paying
physicians to participate in committees or quality initiatives.
“This is just incredible,” LaRosa says. “We’ve got all these com-
mittees and stuff like that. We give them a meal. We give them
breakfast or we’ll bring sub sandwiches in. They continue to come
to these meetings and it’s unheard of for an insurance company—
which is basically what we are—to have physicians with that kind
of buy-in.”
SFHN Ed/uC utilizAtioN tRENd RAtES AFtER iNitiAtioN oF AFtER HouRS CliNiCS
Case Study | Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers 12
Roll over the chart to view utilization trend rates
25%
46%
Source: Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
Medicaid ED/UC visits/1,000 members Commercial ED/UC visits/1,000 members
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Case Study | Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
“I suppose it reinforces the kind of dialogue and planning necessary
with members of the medical staff, whether employed or indepen-
dent, to assure that we are both successful in the new environment.
We have a successful history in working with our medical staff
over the years with a PHo structure that has operated in a full risk
arrangement with a variety of payers. so this is not new to us. It’s a
situation that will impose even higher performance expectations on
us but we stand ready to accept that challenge and to perform.”
heavily on an holistic approach of care. The subspecialists and st.
Francis Health Network, which are capitated for services, are used
to dealing with a fee-for-service environment as their main payer
source.”
one of the biggest switches will be that in a medical home envi-
ronment, much more transparency and discussion will be around
“which doctors are costing us money and which ones are saving
us money,” LaRosa says. “We know which doctors who are part of
this fleet that are going to make this work financially. I have never
shared that with the doctors. That has not been our strategy yet. I
think it may be our strategy in the very near future.”
Another challenge will be to push the health system’s current
electronic medical record implementation from Epic systems
through from the hospital and employed physicians to the inde-
pendent physicians. The network has been able to provide some
data and analytics over the years since it has all of the data as a
third-party administrator. so while the health plan has been able
to identify cost drivers through data, the need for a medical home
and an accountable care organization will be for more current data
than can be found in claims data that may be 60 to 90 days old. “In
the future, the EMR will allow us to have access to real-time clinical
data,” Westfall says.
Timing is always a factor whenever healthcare goes through a
major change. Brody says timing and history are on their side as they
work with their physicians through the next wave.
“We’re finding that physicians are far more receptive than ever
before to working within a more integrated framework,” Brody says.
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Robert J. Brody, Regional CEO, Franciscan Alliance/ St. Francis Health NetworkHaving trouble listening? Click here.
PERCENtAgE oF diABEtES PAtiENtS oBtAiNiNg lABSLab percentage rose as incentives were added for the patients.
Source: Franciscan Alliance/St. Francis Hospital and Health Centers
Roll over the chart to view labs drawn trend rates
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