Ccna routing and switching study guide todd lammle, ccnax 200-120 full official guide,

CCNA Routing and Switching

Study Guide

Todd Lammle

CCNA Routing and Switching

Study Guide

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff KellumDevelopment Editor: Pete GaughanTechnical Editors: John Swartz and Dax Mickelson Production Editor: Christine OConnorCopy Editor: Judy FlynnEditorial Manager: Pete GaughanProduction Manager: Tim TateVice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard SwadleyAssociate Publisher, Sybex: Chris WebbMedia Project Manager I: Laura Moss-HollisterMedia Associate Producer: Marilyn HummelMedia Quality Assurance: Doug KuhnBook Designers: Judy Flynn and Bill Gibson Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-RamaProofreader: Sarah Kaikini, Word One New YorkIndexer: Robert SwansonProject Coordinator, Cover: Katherine CrockerCover Designer: Ryan SneedCopyright 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaPublished by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Indianapolis, IndianaPublished simultaneously in CanadaISBN: 978-1-118-74961-6 ISBN: 978-1-118-74973-9 (ebk.)ISBN: 978-1-118-74970-8 (ebk.)No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or war-ranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Fur-ther, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (877) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.Library of Congress Control Number: 2013948006TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CCNA is a registered trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Dear Reader,

Thank you for choosing CCNA Routing and Switching Study Guide. This book is part of a family of premium-quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching.

Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, were still committed to producing con-sistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, were working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. Id be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how were doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at [email protected]. If you think youve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex.

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AcknowledgmentsThere are many people that work to put a book together, and as an author, I dedicated an enormous amount of time to write this book, but it would have never been published with-out the dedicated, hard work of many other people.

Monica Worthy Lammle was crucial to the finished product this book became, going over every word of every chapter with me to fine-tune the language and grammar. Without Monicas support in all areas of my life, Id never have finished writing this book.

Next in line to thank is my new technical editor, John Swartz, who also coauthored the CCNA Data Center study guides with me. His expertise in the Cisco technical field, and his history of networking in general, is second to none. His detailed analysis of my work helped make this my best CCNA study guide ever. Thank you, John, for working hard under pressure, with tight deadlines, and for staying the course of delivering high-quality work in a short time frame.

Jeff Kellum, my acquisitions editor, is instrumental to my success in the world of Cisco certification. Jeff, I look forward to our continued progress together.

Christine OConnor, my production editor, and Judy Flynn, my copyeditor, were my rock and foundation for formatting an intense editing of every page in this book. This amazing team gives me the confidence to help keep me moving during the difficult and very long days, week after week. How Christine stays so organized with all my changes, as well as making sure every figure is in the right place in the book is still a mystery to me! Youre amazing, Christine! Thank you! Judy understands my writing style so well now, after doing at least a dozen books with me, that she even sometimes finds a technical error that may have slipped through as I was going through the material. Thank you Judy for doing such a great job! I truly thank you both.

Troy McMillian really helped me on this book (on all books actually!) by working on the review and bonus questions, flash cards, as well as a 3rd technical edit on the last stage of editing. He did a high-quality job in a short time! Thanks, Troy! Jim Frey and Paul Sutton really helped me put together this books amazing figures, and an all-around second-look technical edit. Thank you both!

Also, thanks to Dax Mickelson and Dennis Frye for performing the technical proofread of the book.

Finally, a big thanks to Craig Woods at Happenstance-Type-O-Rama and to the Sybex media-development team.

About the AuthorTodd Lammle is the authority on Cisco certification and internetworking and is Cisco certi-fied in most Cisco certification categories. He is a world-renowned author, speaker, trainer, and consultant. Todd has three decades of experience working with LANs, WANs, and large enterprise licensed and unlicensed wireless networks, and lately hes been implementing large Cisco data centers worldwide. His years of real-world experience is evident in his writing; he is not just an author but an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest networks in the world, at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, CCNA Wireless Study Guide, and CCNA Data Center Study Guide, all from Sybex. He runs an international consulting and training company based in Colorado, Texas, and San Francisco.

You can reach Todd through his forum and blog at www.lammle.com.

http://www.lammle.com

Contents at a GlanceIntroduction xxvii

ICND1 (100-101) Exam Objectives xxxviii

ICND2 (200-101) Exam Objectives xliv

CCNA Composite (200-120) Exam Objectives xlvii

Assessment Test lviii

Part I ICND1 1Chapter 1 Internetworking 3

Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41

Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP 87

Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting 139

Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 181

Chapter 6 Ciscos Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 213

Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 283

Chapter 8 IP Routing 331

Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 385

Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching 425

Chapter 11 VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 459

Chapter 12 Security 501

Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT) 541

Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 569

Part II ICND2 613Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies 615

Chapter 16 Managing Cisco Devices 661

Chapter 17 IP Services 699

Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 741

Chapter 19 Enhanced IGRP 783

Chapter 20 Multi-Area OSPF 847

Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks 897

Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 967

Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 987

Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services 1029

Appendix D About the Additional Study Tools 1041

Index 1045

Contents

Introduction xxvii

ICND1 (100-101) Exam Objectives xxxviii

ICND2 (200-101) Exam Objectives xliv

CCNA Composite (200-120) Exam Objectives xlvii

Assessment Test lviii

Part I ICND1 1

Chapter 1 Internetworking 3

Internetworking Basics 4Internetworking Models 12

The Layered Approach 13Advantages of Reference Models 14

The OSI Reference Model 14The Application Layer 16The Presentation Layer 17The Session Layer 17The Transport Layer 18The Network Layer 23The Data Link Layer 25The Physical Layer 28

Summary 29Exam Essentials 30Written Labs 32

Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions 32Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices 33Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and

Broadcast Domains 34Review Questions 35

Chapter 2 Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 41

Ethernet Networks in Review 42Collision Domain 43Broadcast Domain 44CSMA/CD 45Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet 47Ethernet at the Data Link Layer 49Ethernet at the Physical Layer 55

ContentsIntroduction

1

Chapter 1Internetworking 3

Internetworking Basics

xii Contents

Ethernet Cabling 59Straight-through Cable 60Crossover Cable 60Rolled Cable 62Fiber Optic 64

Data Encapsulation 66The Cisco three-layer HierarchicalModel 70

The Core Layer 70The Distribution Layer 72The Access Layer 72


Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion 75Written Lab 2.2: CSMA/CD Operations 79Written Lab 2.3: Cabling 79Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation 80

Review Questions 81

Chapter 3 Introduction to TCP/IP 87

Introducing TCP/IP 88A Brief History of TCP/IP 89

TCP/IP and the DoD Model 89The Process/Application Layer Protocols 91The Host-to-host Layer Protocols 101The Internet Layer Protocols 110

IP Addressing 118IP Terminology 118The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 119Private IP Addresses (RFC 1918) 124

IPv4 Address Types 126Layer 2 Broadcasts 126Layer 3 Broadcasts 126Unicast Address 127Multicast Address 128


Written Lab 3.1: TCP/IP 132Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model 132

Review Questions 134

Chapter 4 Easy Subnetting 139

Subnetting Basics 140How to Create Subnets 142Subnet Masks 142

Contents xiii

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 144IP Subnet-Zero 146Subnetting Class C Addresses 146Subnetting Class B Addresses 158Subnetting Class A Addresses 167


Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1 171Written Lab 4.2: Written Subnet Practice #2 172Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3 173


Chapter 5 VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 181

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 182VLSM Design 184Implementing VLSM Networks 184

Summarization 193Troubleshooting IP Addressing 196

Determining IP Address Problems 198Summary 203Exam Essentials 204Written Lab 5 205Review Questions 206

Chapter 6 Ciscos Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 213

The IOS User Interface 215Cisco IOS 216Connecting to a Cisco IOS Device 216Bringing Up a Switch 218

Command-line Interface (CLI) 219Entering the CLI 219Overview of Router Modes 219CLI Prompts 220Editing and Help Features 223

Administrative Configurations 228Hostnames 228Banners 229Setting Passwords 231Encrypting Your Passwords 237Descriptions 239

Router and Switch Interfaces 241Bringing Up an Interface 244

xiv Contents

Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations 250Deleting the Configuration and Reloading the Device 252Verifying Your Configuration 253

Summary 264Exam Essentials 265Written Lab 6 268Hands-on Labs 268

Hands-on Lab 6.1: Erasing an Existing Configuration 269Hands-on Lab 6.2: Exploring User, Privileged,

and Configuration Modes 269Hands-on Lab 6.3: Using the Help and Editing Features 270Hands-on Lab 6.4: Saving a Configuration 271Hands-on Lab 6.5: Setting Passwords 272Hands-on Lab 6.6: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions,

IP Address, and Clock Rate 274Review Questions 277

Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internetwork 283

The Internal Components of a Cisco Router and Switch 284The Router and Switch Boot Sequence 285

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco Configuration 286Backing Up the Cisco Configuration 286Restoring the Cisco Configuration 288Erasing the Configuration 289

Configuring DHCP 290DHCP Relay 291Verifying DHCP on Cisco IOS 292

Network Time Protocol (NTP) 293Using Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 295

Getting CDP Timers and Holdtime Information 295Gathering Neighbor Information 296Documenting a Network Topology Using CDP 300

Using Telnet 303Telnetting into Multiple Devices Simultaneously 305Checking Telnet Connections 306Checking Telnet Users 306Closing Telnet Sessions 306

Resolving Hostnames 307Building a Host Table 307Using DNS to Resolve Names 309

Checking Network Connectivity and Troubleshooting 311Using the ping Command 312Using the traceroute Command 312

Contents xv

Debugging 314Using the show processes Command 316

Summary 317Exam Essentials 317Written Lab 7 319

Written Lab 7.1: IOS Management 319Written Lab 7.2: Router Memory 319

Hands-on Labs 320Hands-on Lab 7.1: Backing Up the Router Configuration 320Hands-on Lab 7.2: Using the Cisco Discovery

Protocol (CDP) 321Hands-on Lab 7.3: Using Telnet 322Hands-on Lab 7.4: Resolving Hostnames 323


Chapter 8 IP Routing 331

Routing Basics 333The IP Routing Process 335

The Cisco Router Internal Process 341Testing Your IP Routing Understanding 342

Configuring IP Routing 346Configuring IP Routing in Our Network 356

Static Routing 357Default Routing 362

Dynamic Routing 365Routing Protocol Basics 365

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 367Configuring RIP Routing 367Holding Down RIP Propagations 371


Hands-on Lab 8.1: Creating Static Routes 377Hands-on Lab 8.2: Configuring RIP Routing 378


Chapter 9 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 385

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Basics 386OSPF Terminology 389OSPF Operation 391

Configuring OSPF 393Enabling OSPF 393Configuring OSPF Areas 394Configuring Our Network with OSPF 397

xvi Contents

OSPF and Loopback Interfaces 402Configuring Loopback Interfaces 403

Verifying OSPF Configuration 405The show ip ospf Command 406The show ip ospf database Command 407The show ip ospf interface Command 408The show ip ospf neighbor Command 409The show ip protocols Command 411


Hands-on Lab 9.1: Enabling the OSPF Process 414Hands-on Lab 9.2: Configuring OSPF Interfaces 415Hands-on Lab 9.3: Verifying OSPF Operation 416


Chapter 10 Layer 2 Switching 425

Switching Services 426Three Switch Functions at Layer 2 427Port Security 431

Configuring Catalyst Switches 436Catalyst Switch Configuration 436Verifying Cisco Catalyst Switches 444


Lab 10.1: Configuring Layer 2 Switches 449Lab 10.2: Verifying Layer 2 Switches 450Lab 10.3: Configuring Port Security 450


Chapter 11 VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 459

VLAN Basics 460Broadcast Control 463Security 464Flexibility and Scalability 464

Identifying VLANs 465Frame Tagging 467VLAN Identification Methods 468

Routing between VLANs 469

Contents xvii

Configuring VLANs 472Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 475Configuring Trunk Ports 476Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 480


Hands-on Lab 11.1: Configuring and Verifying VLANs 490Hands-on Lab 11.2: Configuring and Verifying

Trunk Links 491Hands-on Lab 11.3: Configuring Router on a

Stick Routing 492Hands-on Lab 11.4: Configuring IVR with a

Layer 3 Switch 492Review Questions 494

Chapter 12 Security 501

Perimeter, Firewall, and Internal Routers 502Introduction to Access Lists 503

Mitigating Security Issues with ACLs 506Standard Access Lists 507

Wildcard Masking 508Standard Access List Example 510Controlling VTY (Telnet/SSH) Access 514

Extended Access Lists 515Extended Access List Example 1 519Extended Access List Example 2 521Extended Access List Example 3 522Named ACLs 523Remarks 525

Monitoring Access Lists 526Summary 528Exam Essentials 529Written Lab 12 530Hands-on Labs 530

Hands-on Lab 12.1: Standard IP Access Lists 531Hands-on Lab 12.2: Extended IP Access Lists 532


Chapter 13 Network Address Translation (NAT) 541

When Do We Use NAT? 542Types of Network Address Translation 544NAT Names 544

xviii Contents

How NAT Works 545Static NAT Configuration 547Dynamic NAT Configuration 548PAT (Overloading) Configuration 548Simple Verification of NAT 549

Testing and Troubleshooting NAT 550Summary 555Exam Essentials 556Written Lab 13 557Hands-on Labs 557

Lab 13.1: Preparing for NAT 558Lab 13.2: Configuring Dynamic NAT 560Lab 13.3: Configuring PAT 561


Chapter 14 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 569

Why Do We Need IPv6? 571The Benefits and Uses of IPv6 571IPv6 Addressing and Expressions 573

Shortened Expression 574Address Types 575Special Addresses 576

How IPv6 Works in an Internetwork 577Manual Address Assignment 578Stateless Autoconfiguration (eui-64) 578DHCPv6 (Stateful) 581IPv6 Header 582ICMPv6 583

IPv6 Routing Protocols 586Static Routing with IPv6 586OSPFv3 587

Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork 588Configuring Routing on Our Internetwork 591

Verifying OSPFv3 594Summary 599Exam Essentials 599Written Labs 601

Written Lab 14.1 601Written Lab 14.2 601

Hands-on Labs 602Hands-on Lab 14.1: Manual and

Stateful Autoconfiguration 602Hands-on Lab 14.2: Static and Default Routing 604Hands-on Lab 14.3: OSPFv3 605


Contents xix

Part II ICND2 613

Chapter 15 Enhanced Switched Technologies 615

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 616Spanning-tree Terms 617Spanning-tree Operations 621

Types of Spanning-tree Protocols 623Common Spanning Tree 624Per-VLAN Spanning Tree+ 625

Modifying and Verifying the Bridge ID 631Spanning-tree Failure Consequences 636PortFast and BPDU Guard 638

BPDU Guard 640EtherChannel 642

Configuring and Verifying Port Channels 643Summary 646Exam Essentials 647Written Lab 1 648Hands-on Labs 648

Hands-on Lab 1.1: Verifying STP and Finding Your RootBridge 649

Hands-on Lab 1.2: Configuring and Verifying Your Root Bridge 651

Hands-on Lab 1.3: Configuring PortFast and BPDU Guard 652

Hands-on Lab 1.4: Configuring and Verifying EtherChannel 653


Chapter 16 Managing Cisco Devices 661

The Internal Components of a Cisco Router 662

The Router Boot Sequence 663Managing Configuration Register 664

Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 665Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 666Boot System Commands 667Recovering Passwords 669

Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco IOS 671Verifying Flash Memory 673Backing Up the Cisco IOS 674Restoring or Upgrading the Cisco Router IOS 675Using the Cisco IOS File System (Cisco IFS) 677

xx Contents

Licensing 682Right-To-Use Licenses (Evaluation Licenses) 684Backing Up and Uninstalling the License 687



Hands-on Labs 692Hands-on Lab 2.1: Backing Up Your Router IOS 692Hands-on Lab 2.2: Upgrading or Restoring

Your Router IOS 692Review Questions 694

Chapter 17 IP Services 699

Client Redundancy Issues 700Introducing First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) 702Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) 704

Virtual MAC Address 705HSRP Timers 706Group Roles 708Configuring and Verifying HSRP 709

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 715Comparing VRRP and HSRP 715VRRP Redundancy Characteristics 715

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol 716GLBP Functions 717GLBP Features 717GLBP Per-host Traffic Balancing 718Configuring GLBP 718

Syslog 721Configuring and Verifying Syslog 723

SNMP 726Management Information Base (MIB) 727Configuring SNMP 728

NetFlow 730NetFlow Overview and Flows 731Configuring NetFlow 732

Summary 734Exam Essentials 734Written Lab 3 735Review Questions 736

Contents xxi

Chapter 18 Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 741

Troubleshooting IP Network Connectivity 742Troubleshooting IPv6 Network Connectivity 754

ICMPv6 755Troubleshooting VLAN Connectivity 763

VLAN Troubleshooting 763Trunk Troubleshooting 768

Summary 776Exam Essentials 777Written Lab 4 778Review Questions 779

Chapter 19 Enhanced IGRP 783

EIGRP Features and Operations 784Neighbor Discovery 785Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) 790Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) 791Route Discovery and Maintenance 792

Configuring EIGRP 792VLSM Support and Summarization 795Controlling EIGRP Traffic 798Split Horizon 809

Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP 811Troubleshooting Example with EIGRP 818

EIGRPv6 828Summary 833Exam Essentials 834Written Lab 5 835Hands-on Labs 835

Hands-on Lab 5.1: Configuring and Verifying EIGRP 835Hands-on Lab 5.2: Configuring and Verifying EIGRPv6 837


Chapter 20 Multi-Area OSPF 847

OSPF Scalability 848Categories of Multi-area Components 850

Adjacency Requirements 850OSPF Router Roles 851Link-state Advertisements 852OSPF Hello Protocol 854Neighbor States 855

Basic Multi-area Configuration 857

xxii Contents

Verifying and Troubleshooting Multi-area OSPF Networks 859

The show ip ospf Command 861The show ip ospf interface Command 862The show ip protocols Command 864The show ip route Command 865The show ip ospf database Command 866

Troubleshooting OSPF Scenario 868OSPFv3 876

Verifying OSPFv3 879Summary 881Exam Essentials 881Written Lab 6 883Hands-on Labs 883

Hands-on Lab 6.1: Configuring and Verifying OSPF Multi-Area 884

Hands-on Lab 6.2: Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3 887Review Questions 890

Chapter 21 Wide Area Networks 897

Introduction to Wide Area Networks 898Defining WAN Terms 899WAN Connection Bandwidth 900WAN Connection Types 900WAN Support 902

Cable and DSL 905Cable 906Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) 907

Cabling the Serial Wide Area Network 910Serial Transmission 910Data Terminal Equipment and Data

Communication Equipment 911High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 912Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 914

Link Control Protocol (LCP) Configuration Options 915PPP Session Establishment 916PPP Authentication Methods 917Configuring PPP on Cisco Routers 917Configuring PPP Authentication 917Verifying and Troubleshooting Serial Links 918

Frame Relay 923Introduction to Frame Relay Technology 924Frame Relay Implementation and Monitoring 931

Contents xxiii

Virtual Private Networks 942Benefits of VPNs 943Introduction to Cisco IOS IPsec 944IPsec Transforms 945

GRE Tunnels 946Configuring GRE Tunnels 947Verifying GRP Tunnels 949


Hands-on Lab 7.1: Configuring PPP Encapsulation and Authentication 953

Hands-on Lab 7.2: Configuring and Monitoring HDLC 955Hands-on Lab 7.3: Configuring Frame Relay

and Subinterfaces 956Hands-on Lab 7.4: Configuring a GRE Tunnel 958


Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 967

Chapter 1: Internetworking 968Written Lab 1.1: OSI Questions 968Written Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices 969Written Lab 1.3: Identifying Collision and

Broadcast Domains 970Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 970

Written Lab 2.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion 970Written Lab 2.2: CSMA/CD Operations 973Written Lab 2.3: Cabling 973Written Lab 2.4: Encapsulation 974

Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 974Written Lab 3.1: TCP/IP 974Written Lab 3.2: Mapping Applications to the DoD Model 974

Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 975Written Lab 4.1: Written Subnet Practice #1 975Written Lab 4.2: Written Subnet Practice #2 976Written Lab 4.3: Written Subnet Practice #3 977

Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 977

Chapter 6: Ciscos Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 978Written Lab 6 978

Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 978Written Lab 7.1: IOS Management 978Written Lab 7.2: Router Memory 979

xxiv Contents

Chapter 8: IP Routing 979Chapter 9: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 980Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 980Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 980Chapter 12: Security 981Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 981Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 982

Written Lab 14.1 982Written Lab 14.2 982

Chapter 15: Enhanced Switch Technologies 982Chapter 16: Managing Cisco Devices 983


Chapter 17: IP Services 984Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs 984Chapter 19: Enhanced IGRP 984Chapter 20: Multi-Area OSPF 985Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 985

Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 987

Chapter 1: Internetworking 988Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation 990Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP 991Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting 993Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and

Troubleshooting TCP/IP 995Chapter 6: Ciscos Internetworking Operating System (IOS) 997Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork 999Chapter 8: IP Routing 1001Chapter 9: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 1002Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching 1004Chapter 11: VLANs and InterVLAN Routing 1007Chapter 12: Security 1008Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) 1011Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 1012Chapter 15: Enhanced Switch Technologies 1014Chapter 16: Managing Cisco Devices 1016Chapter 17: IP Services 1018Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, andVLANs 1021Chapter 19: Enhanced IGRP 1022Chapter 20: Multi-Area OSPF 1024Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks 1026

Contents xxv

Appendix C Disabling and Configuring Network Services 1029

Blocking SNMP Packets 1030Disabling Echo 1030Turning off BootP and Auto-Config 1031Disabling the HTTP Interface 1032Disabling IP Source Routing 1032Disabling Proxy ARP 1032Disabling Redirect Messages 1032Disabling the Generation of ICMP Unreachable Messages 1033Disabling Multicast Route Caching 1033Disabling the Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) 1033Turning Off the X.25 PAD Service 1034Enabling the Nagle TCP Congestion Algorithm 1034Logging Every Event 1034Disabling Cisco Discovery Protocol 1035Disabling the Default Forwarded UDP Protocols 1035Ciscos Auto Secure 1036

Appendix D About the Additional Study Tools 1041

Additional Study Tools 1042Test Engine 1042Electronic Flashcards 1042Videos 1042Network Simulator 1043PDF of Glossary of Terms 1043Adobe Reader 1043

Minimum System Requirements 1043Using the Study Tools 1044Troubleshooting 1044

Customer Care 1044

Index 1045

IntroductionWelcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! If youve picked up this book because you want to improve yourself and your life with a better, more satisfying, and secure job, youve done the right thing. Whether youre striving to enter the thriving, dynamic IT sector or seeking to enhance your skill set and advance your position within it, being Cisco certified can seriously stack the odds in your favor to help you attain your goals!

Cisco certifications are powerful instruments of success that also markedly improve your grasp of all things internetworking. As you progress through this book, youll gain a complete understanding of networking that reaches far beyond Cisco devices. By the end of this book, youll comprehensively know how disparate network topologies and technologies work together to form the fully operational networks that are vital to todays very way of life in the developed world. The knowledge and expertise youll gain here is essential for and relevant to every networking job and is why Cisco certifications are in such high demandeven at companies with few Cisco devices!

Although its now common knowledge that Cisco rules routing and switching, the fact that it also rocks the voice, data center, and service provider worlds is also well recognized. And Cisco certifications reach way beyond the popular but less extensive certifications like those offered by CompTIA and Microsoft to equip you with indispensable insight into todays vastly complex networking realm. Essentially, by deciding to become Cisco certified, youre proudly announcing that you want to become an unrivaled networking experta goal that this book will get you well on your way to achieving. Congratulations in advance on the beginning of your brilliant future!

For up-to-the-minute updates covering additions or modifications to the Cisco certification exams, as well as additional study tools, review questions, and bonus materials, be sure to visit the Todd Lammle websites and forum at www.lammle.com, www.lammlesim.com, and www.lammle.com/forum.

Ciscos Network CertificationsIt used to be that to secure the holy grail of Cisco certificationsthe CCIEyou passed only one written test before being faced with a grueling, formidable hands-on lab. This intensely daunting, all-or-nothing approach made it nearly impossible to succeed and predictably didnt work out too well for most people. Cisco responded to this issue by creating a series of new certifications, which not only made it easier to eventually win the highly coveted CCIE prize, it gave employers a way to accurately rate and measure the skill levels of prospective and current employees. This exciting paradigm shift in Ciscos certification path truly opened doors that few were allowed through before!

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xxviii Introduction

Beginning in 1998, obtaining the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification was the first milestone in the Cisco certification climb, as well as the official prerequisite to each of the more advanced levels. But that changed in 2007, when Cisco announced the Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) certification. And then in March 2013, Cisco once again proclaimed updates to the CCENT and CCNA Routing and Switching (R/S) tests. Now the Cisco certification process looks like Figure I.1.

F I Gu R E I .1 The Cisco certification path

Routing/Switching

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

CCENT

Data Center

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

No Pre-req

Voice

Cisco 2013 Certification Path Announcements

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

CCENT

Security

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

CCENT

Wireless

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA

CCENT

I have included only the most popular tracks in Figure I.1. In addition to the ones in this image, there are also tracks for Design, Service Provider, Service Provider Operations, and Video. Also note that the CCIE Voice certification retirement will be announced shortly.

The Cisco R/S path is by far the most popular and could very well remain so, but soon youll see the Data Center path become more and more of a focus as companies migrate to data center technologies. The Voice track also actually does provide a good job opportunity. Still, understanding the foundation of R/S before attempting any other certification track is something I highly recommend.

Even so, and as the figure shows, you only need your CCENT certification to get under-way for most of the tracks. Also, note that there are a few other certification tracks you can go down that are not shown in the figure, although theyre not as popular as the ones shown. You can find information on all Cisco certification tracks at: www.cisco.com.

Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT)Dont be fooled by the oh-so-misleading name of this first certification because it absolutely isnt entry level! Okaymaybe entry level for Ciscos certification path, but definitely not for someone without experience trying to break into the highly lucrative yet challenging IT

http://www.cisco.com

Introduction xxix

job market! For the uninitiated, the CompTIA A+ and Network+ certifications arent official prerequisites, but know that Cisco does expect you to have that type and level of experience before embarking on your Cisco certification journey.

All of this gets us to 2013, when the climb to Cisco supremacy just got much harder again. The innocuous-sounding sirens call of the CCENT can lure you to some serious trouble if youre not prepared, because its actually much harder than the old CCNA ever was. This will rapidly become apparent once you start studying, but be encouraged! The fact that the certification process is getting harder really works better for you in the long run, because that which is harder to obtain only becomes that much more valuable when you finally do, right? Yes, indeed!

Another important factor to keep in mind is that the Interconnection Cisco Network Devices Part 1 (ICND1) exam, which is the required exam for the CCENT certification, costs $150 per attempt and its anything but easy to pass! The good news is that Part 1 of this book (Chapters 1-14) will guide you step-by-step in building a strong foundation in routing and switching technologies. You really need to build on a strong technical founda-tion and stay away from exam cram type books, suspicious online material, and the like. They can help somewhat, but understand that youll pass the Cisco certification exams only if you have a strong foundation and that youll get that solid foundation only by reading as much as you can, performing the written labs and review questions in this book, and prac-ticing lots and lots of hands-on labs. Additional practice exam questions, videos, and labs are offered on my website, and what seems like a million other sites offer additional material that can help you study.

However, there is one way to skip the CCENT exam and still meet the prerequisite before moving on to any other certification track, and that path is through the CCNA R/S Composite exam. First, Ill discuss the Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices Part 2 (ICND2) exam, and then Ill tell you about the CCNA Composite exam, which will provide you, when successful, with both the CCENT and the CCNA R/S certification.

Cisco Certified Network Associate Routing andSwitching (CCNA R/S)Once you have achieved your CCENT certification, you can take the ICND2 (200-101) exam in order to achieve your CCNA R/S certification, which is the most popular certification Cisco has by far because its the most sought-after certification of all employers.

As with the CCENT, the ICND2 exam is also $150 per attemptalthough thinking you can just skim a book and pass any of these exams would probably be a really expensive mis-take! The CCENT/CCNA exams are extremely hard and cover a lot of material, so you have to really know your stuff. Taking a Cisco class or spending months with hands-on experience is definitely a requirement to succeed when faced with this monster!

And once you have your CCNA, you dont have to stop thereyou can choose to continue and achieve an even higher certification, called the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP). There are various ones, as shown in Figure I.1. The CCNP R/S is still the most popular, with Voice certifications coming in at a close second. And Ive got to tell you that

xxx Introduction

the Data Center certification will be catching up fast. Also good to know is that anyone with a CCNP R/S has all the skills and knowledge needed to attempt the notoriously dreaded but coveted CCIE R/S lab. But just becoming a CCNA R/S can land you that job youve dreamed about and thats what this book is all about: helping you to get and keep a great job!

Still, why take two exams to get your CCNA if you dont have to? Cisco still has the CCNA Composite (200-120) exam that, if passed, will land you with your CCENT and your CCNA R/S via only one test priced accordingly at $300. Some people like the one-test approach, and some people like the two-test approach. Part 2 of this book (Chapters 15-21) covers the ICND2 exam topics.

Why Become a CCENT and CCNA R/S?Cisco, like Microsoft and other vendors that provide certification, has created the certifica-tion process to give administrators a set of skills and to equip prospective employers with a way to measure those skills or match certain criteria. And as you probably know, becoming a CCNA R/S is certainly the initial, key step on a successful journey toward a new, highly rewarding, and sustainable networking career.

The CCNA program was created to provide a solid introduction not only to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) and Cisco hardware but also to internetworking in gen-eral, making it helpful to you in areas that are not exclusively Ciscos. And regarding todays certification process, its not unrealistic that network managerseven those without Cisco equipmentrequire Cisco certifications for their job applicants.

Rest assured that if you make it through the CCNA and are still interested in Cisco and internetworking, youre headed down a path to certain success!

What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA R/S?This ICND1 exam (100-101) tests a candidate for the knowledge and skills required to suc-cessfully install, operate, and troubleshoot a small branch office network. The exam includes questions on the operation of IP data networks, LAN switching technologies, IPv6, IP rout-ing technologies, IP services network device security, and basic troubleshooting. The ICND2 exam (exam 200-101) tests a candidate for the knowledge and skills required to successfully install, operate, and troubleshoot a small- to medium-size enterprise branch network. The exam includes questions on LAN switching technologies, IP routing technologies, IP services (FHRP, syslog, SNMP v2 and v3), troubleshooting, and WAN technologies.

How Do You Become a CCNA R/SIf you want to go straight for our CCNA R/S and take only one exam, all you have to do is pass the CCNA Composite exam (200-120). Oh, but dont you wish it were that easy? True, its just one test, but its a whopper, and to pass it you must possess enough knowledge to understand what the test writers are saying, and you need to know everything I mentioned previously, in the sections on the ICND1 and ICND2 exams! Hey, its hard, but it can be done!

Introduction xxxi

What does the CCNA Composite exam (200-120) cover? Pretty much the same topics covered in the ICND1 and ICND2 exams. Candidates can prepare for this exam by taking the Todd Lammle authorized Cisco boot camps. 200-120 tests a candidate's knowledge and skills required to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small- to medium-size enterprise branch network.

While you can take the Composite exam to get your CCNA, its good to know that Cisco offers the two-step process I discussed earlier in this Introduction. And this book covers both those exams too! It may be easier than taking that one ginormous exam for you, but dont think the two-test method is easy. It takes work! However, it can be done; you just need to stick with your studies.

The two-test method involves passing the following:

uu Exam 100-101: Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1)

uu Exam 200-101: Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 (ICND2)

I cant stress this point enough: Its critical that you have some hands-on experience with Cisco routers. If you can get a hold of some basic routers and switches, youre set, but if you cant, Ive worked hard to provide hundreds of configuration examples throughout this book to help network administrators, or people who want to become network administrators, learn the skills they need to pass the CCENT and CCNA R/S exams. In addition, a simulator called LammleSim IOS version is available for free with the purchase of this book. This small simulator will run through all the hands-on labs found in this booknice huh?

For Cisco certification hands-on training with CCSI Todd Lammle, please see: www.lammle.com. Each student will get hands-on experience by con-figuring at least three routers and two switchesno sharing of equipment!

What Does This Book Cover?This book covers everything you need to know to pass the ICND1 (100-101) and ICND2 (200-101) exams, as well as the CCNA Composite (200-120) exam. But regardless of which path you choose, as Ive said, taking plenty of time to study and practice with routers or a router simulator is the real key to success.

You will learn the following information in this book:

Chapter 1: Internetworking Chapters 1-14 map to the ICND1 exam. In Chapter 1, you will learn the basics of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model the way Cisco wants you to learn it. There are written labs and plenty of review questions to help you. Do not even think of skipping the fundamental written labs in this chapter!

Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data Encapsulation This chapter will provide you with the Ethernet foundation you need in order to pass both the CCENT and CCNA

http://www.lammle.com

xxxii Introduction

exams. Data encapsulation is discussed in detail in this chapter as well. And as with the other chapters, this chapter includes written labs and review questions to help you.

Chapter 3: Introduction to TCP/IP This chapter provides you with the background necessary for success on the exam, as well as in the real world with a thorough presentation of TCP/IP. This in-depth chapter covers the very beginnings of the Internet Protocol stack and goes all the way to IP addressing and understanding the difference between a network address and a broadcast address before finally ending with network troubleshooting.

Chapter 4: Easy Subnetting Youll actually be able to subnet a network in your head after reading this chapter if you really want to! And youll find plenty of help in this chapter as long as you dont skip the written labs and review questions at the end.

Chapter 5: VLSMs, Summarization, and Troubleshooting TCP/IP Here, youll find out all about variable length subnet masks (VLSMs) and how to design a network using VLSMs. This chapter will finish with summarization techniques and configurations. As with Chapter 4, plenty of help is there for you if you dont skip the written lab and review questions.

Chapter 6: Ciscos Internetworking Operating System (IOS) This chapter introduces you to the Cisco Internetworking Operating System (IOS) and command-line interface (CLI). In this chapter youll learn how to turn on a router and configure the basics of the IOS, including setting passwords, banners, and more. Hands-on labs will help you gain a firm grasp of the concepts taught in the chapter. Before you go through the hands-on labs, be sure to complete the written lab and review questions.

Chapter 7: Managing a Cisco Internetwork This chapter provides you with the management skills needed to run a Cisco IOS network. Backing up and restoring the IOS, as well as router configuration, are covered, as are the troubleshooting tools necessary to keep a network up and running. As always, before tackling the hands-on labs in this chapter, complete the writ-ten labs and review questions.

Chapter 8: IP Routing This is a fun chapter because we will begin to build our network, add IP addresses, and route data between routers. You will also learn about static, default, and dynamic routing using RIP and RIPv2. Hands-on labs, a written lab, and the review questions will help you fully nail down IP routing.

Chapter 9: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Chapter 9 dives into more complex dynamic routing by covering OSPF routing. The written lab, hands-on labs, and review questions will help you master this vital routing protocol.

Chapter 10: Layer 2 Switching This chapter sets you up with the solid background you need on layer 2 switching, how switches perform address learning and make forwarding and filtering decisions. In addition, switch port security with MAC addresses is covered in detail. As always, go through the hands-on labs, written lab, and review questions to make sure youve really got layer 2 switching down!

Chapter 11: VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing Here I cover virtual VLANs and how to use them in your internetwork. This chapter covers the nitty-gritty of VLANs and the different concepts and protocols used with VLANs. Ill also guide you through

Introduction xxxiii

troubleshooting techniques in this all-important chapter. The hands-on labs, written lab, and review questions are there to reinforce the VLAN material.

Chapter 12: Security This chapter covers security and access lists, which are created on routers to filter the network. IP standard, extended, and named access lists are covered in detail. Written and hands-on labs, along with review questions, will help you study for the security and access-list portion of the Cisco exams.

Chapter 13: Network Address Translation (NAT) New information, commands, trouble-shooting, and detailed hands-on labs will help you nail the NAT CCENT objectives.

Chapter 14: Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) This is a fun chapter chock-full of some great information. IPv6 is not the big, bad scary creature that most people think it is, and its a really important objective on the latest exam, so study this chapter carefullydont just skim it. And make sure you hit those hands-on labs hard!

Chapter 15: Enhanced Switched Technologies Chapter 15 is the first chapter of Part 2 of this book, which maps to the ICND2 exam. This chapter will start off with STP protocols and dive into the fundamentals, covering the modes, as well as the various flavors of STP. VLANs, trunks, and troubleshooting are covered as well. EtherChannel technologies, configuration, and verification are also covered. There are hands-on labs, a written lab, and plenty of review questions to help you. Do not even think of skipping the fundamental written and hands-on labs in this chapter!

Chapter 16: Managing Cisco Devices This chapter describes the boot process of Cisco routers, the configuration register, and how to manage Cisco IOS files. The chapter fin-ishes with a section on Ciscos new licensing strategy for IOS. Hands-on and written labs, along with review questions, will help you build a strong foundation for the objectives covered in this chapter.

Chapter 17: IP Services This chapter mostly focuses on first hop redundancy protocols (FHRPs), such as HSRP and GLBP. Also covered are syslog, SNMP, and NetFlow. There are review questions and a written lab.

Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IP, IPv6, and VLANs I want to say this is the most impor-tant chapter in the book, but thats hard to say. You can decide that yourself when you take the exam! Be sure to go through all the troubleshooting steps for IP, IPv6, and VLANs. The hands-on labs for this chapter will be included in the free bonus material and dynamic labs that Ill write and change as needed. Dont skip the written lab and review questions.

Chapter 19: Enhanced IGRP EIGRP was not covered in the ICND1 (CCENT) chapters, so this is a full chapter on nothing but EIGRP and EIGRPv6. There are lots of examples, including configuration, verification, and troubleshooting labs, with both IP and with IPv6. Great hands-on labs are included, as well as a written lab and review questions.

Chapter 20: Multi-Area OSPF The ICND1 (CCENT) portion of this book had a large chapter on OSPF, so before reading this chapter, be sure you have the CCENT objectives down pat with a strong OSPF foundation. This chapter will take off where that ICND1

xxxiv Introduction

chapter left off and add multi-area networks along with advanced configurations and then finish with OSPv3. Hands-on labs, a written lab, and challenging review questions await you at the end of the chapter.

Chapter 21: Wide Area Networks This is the longest, and last, chapter in the book. It covers multiple protocols in depth, especially HDLC, PPP, and Frame Relay, along with a discussion on many other technologies. Good troubleshooting examples are provided in the PPP and Frame Relay configuration sections, and these cannot be skipped! Hands-on labs meant to focus squarely on the objectives are included at the end of the chapter, as well as a written lab and challenging review questions.

Appendix A: Answers to Written Labs This appendix contains the answers to the books written labs.

Appendix B: Answers to Chapter Review Questions This appendix provides the answers to the end-of-chapter review questions.

Appendix C: Disabling and Configuring Network Services Appendix C takes a look at the basic services you should disable on your routers to make your network less of a target for denial of service (DoS) attacks and break-in attempts.

Appendix D: About the Additional Study Tools This describes the technical requirements for the digital study tools that come with this book. (Those tools are described further in the following section.)

Be sure to check the announcements section of my forum to find out how to download bonus material I created specifically for this book.

Whats Available Online?I have worked hard to provide some really great tools to help you with your certification process. All of the following tools, most of them available at www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg, should be loaded on your workstation when youre studying for the test. As a fantastic bonus, I was able to add to the download link a preview section from my CCNA video series! Please understand that these are not the full versions, but theyre still a great value for you included free with this book.

Test Preparation Software The test preparation software prepares you to pass the ICND1 and ICND2 exams and the CCNA R/S Composite exam. Youll find all the review and assessment questions from the book plus additional practice exam questions that appear exclusively from the downloadable study tools.

http://www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg

Introduction xxxv

Electronic Flashcards The companion study tools include over 200 flashcards specifically written to hit you hard, so dont get discouraged if you dont ace your way through them at first! Theyre there to ensure that youre really ready for the exam. And no worriesarmed with the review questions, practice exams, and flashcards, youll be more than prepared when exam day comes!

LammleSim IOS Version At www.lammle.com or www.lammlesim.com, I have provided an IOS simulator that can be used with all of the hands-on labs in this book. You can also download this free simulator from www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg.

Glossary A complete glossary of CCENT, ICND2, CCNA R/S and Cisco routing terms is available at www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg.

Todd Lammle Bonus Material and Labs Be sure to check the announcement section of my forum at www.lammle.com/forum for directions on how to download all the latest bonus mate-rial created specifically to help you study for your ICND1, ICND2, and CCNA R/S exams.

Todd Lammle Videos I have created a full CCNA series of videos that can be purchased in either DVD or downloadable format from www.lammle.com. As a bonus included with this book, the first module of six of the DVDs can be downloaded from the books web page, www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg, as a preview. Although this isnt the full version, the videos included with this book are over two hours of foundational CCNA information. This is a $198 value, so dont skip these videos because they cover key topics for the exams.

CBT Nuggets Videos

In addition, CBT Nuggets has created dozens of free MicroNugget videos that help rein-force the chapter topics. Throughout the book, you will see QR codes and URLs that will direct you to a dedicated website where you can view these videos created by CBT Nug-gets author and expert trainer Jeremy Cioara. Just scan the QR code with your smart phone or tablet, or type in the URL, to view the video.

How to Use This BookIf you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices Part 1 and 2 exams, or the CCNA R/S Composite exam, then look no further. Ive spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole intention of helping you to pass the Cisco exams, as well as really learn how to correctly configure Cisco routers and switches!

This book is loaded with valuable information, and you will get the most out of your study time if you understand why the book is organized the way it is.

http://www.lammle.comhttp://www.lammlesim.comhttp://www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssghttp://www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssghttp://www.lammle.com/forumhttp://www.lammle.comhttp://www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg

xxxvi Introduction

So to maximize your benefit from this book, I recommend the following study method:

1. Take the assessment test thats provided at the end of this introduction. (The answers are at the end of the test.) Its okay if you dont know any of the answers; thats why you bought this book! Carefully read over the explanations for any questions you get wrong and note the chapters in which the material relevant to them is covered. This information should help you plan your study strategy.

2. Study each chapter carefully, making sure you fully understand the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each one. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter that includes material covered in questions you missed.

3. Complete the written labs at the end of each chapter. (Answers to these appear in Appendix A.) Do not skip these written exercises because they directly relate to the Cisco exams and what you must glean from the chapters in which they appear. Do not just skim these labs! Make sure you completely understand the reason for each correct answer.

4. Complete all hands-on labs in each chapter, referring to the text of the chapter so that you understand the reason for each step you take. Try to get your hands on some real equipment, but if you dont have Cisco equipment available, try the LammleSim IOS version, which you can use for the hands-on labs found only in this book. These labs will equip you with everything you need for all your Cisco certification goals.

5. Answer all of the review questions related to each chapter. (The answers appear in Appendix B.) Note the questions that confuse you, and study the topics they cover again until the concepts are crystal clear. And againdo not just skim these questions! Make sure you fully comprehend the reason for each correct answer. Remember that these will not be the exact questions you will find on the exam, but theyre written to help you understand the chapter material and ultimately pass the exam!

6. Try your hand at the practice questions that are exclusive to this book. The questions can be found only at www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssg. And be sure to check out www.lammle.com for the most up-to-date Cisco exam prep questions, videos, Todd Lammle boot camps, and more.

7. Also on the download link is the first module from six videos from my complete CCNA R/S video series.

Please understand that these are preview versions of the videos found at www.lammle.com. The videos on the free download link are not the full versions, but theyre still a great value loaded with information.

8. Test yourself using all the flashcards, which are also found on the download link. These are brand-new and updated flashcards to help you prepare for the CCNA R/S exam and a wonderful study tool!

http://www.sybex.com/go/ccnarssghttp://www.lammle.comhttp://www.lammle.com

Introduction xxxvii

To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, youll have to apply yourself regularly, and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so. Im confident that if you work hard, youll be surprised at how quickly you learn this material!

If you follow these steps and really studydoing hands-on labs every single day in addition to using the review questions, the practice exams, the Todd Lammle video sec-tions, and the electronic flashcards, as well as all the written labsit would actually be hard to fail the Cisco exams. But understand that studying for the Cisco exams is a lot like getting in shapeif you do not go to the gym every day, its not going to happen!

Where Do You Take the Exams?You may take the ICND1, ICND2, or CCNA R/S Composite or any Cisco exam at any of the Pearson VUE authorized testing centers. For information, check www.vue.com or call 877-404-EXAM (3926).

To register for a Cisco exam, follow these steps:

1. Determine the number of the exam you want to take. (The ICND1 exam number is 100-101, ICND2 is 100-201, and CCNA R/S Composite is 200-120.)

2. Register with the nearest Pearson VUE testing center. At this point, you will be asked to pay in advance for the exam. At the time of this writing, the ICND1 and ICND2 exams are $150, and the CCNA R/S Composite exam is $300. The exams must be taken within one year of payment. You can schedule exams up to six weeks in advance or as late as the day you want to take itbut if you fail a Cisco exam, you must wait five days before you will be allowed to retake it. If something comes up and you need to cancel or reschedule your exam appointment, contact Pearson VUE at least 24 hours in advance.

3. When you schedule the exam, youll get instructions regarding all appointment and cancellation procedures, the ID requirements, and information about the testing-center location.

Tips for Taking Your Cisco ExamsThe Cisco exams contain about 50-60 questions and must be completed in about 90 minutes or less. This information can change per exam. You must get a score of about 85 percent to pass this exam, but again, each exam can be different.

Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identicalespecially the syntax questions! So remember to read through the choices carefully because close just doesnt cut it. If you get commands in the wrong order or forget one measly char-acter, youll get the question wrong. So, to practice, do the hands-on exercises at the end of this books chapters over and over again until they feel natural to you.

http://www.vue.com

xxxviii Introduction

Also, never forget that the right answer is the Cisco answer. In many cases, more than one appropriate answer is presented, but the correct answer is the one that Cisco recommends. On the exam, you will always be told to pick one, two, or three options, never choose all that apply. The Cisco exam may include the following test formats:

uu Multiple-choice single answer

uu Multiple-choice multiple answer

uu Drag-and-drop

uu Router simulations

Cisco proctored exams will not show the steps to follow in completing a router interface configuration, but they do allow partial command responses. For example, show run, sho running, or sh running-config would be acceptable.

Here are some general tips for exam success:

uu Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials.

uu Read the questions carefully. Dont jump to conclusions. Make sure youre clear about exactly what each question asks. Read twice, answer once, is what I always tell my students.

uu When answering multiple-choice questions that youre not sure about, use the process of elimination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing this greatly improves your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

uu You can no longer move forward and backward through the Cisco exams, so double-check your answer before clicking Next since you cant change your mind.

After you complete an exam, youll get immediate, online notification of your pass or fail status, a printed examination score report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam results by section. (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores are automatically forwarded to Cisco within five working days after you take the test, so you dont need to send your score to them. If you pass the exam, youll receive confirmation from Cisco, typically within two to four weeks, sometimes a bit longer.

ICND1 (100-101) Exam ObjectivesExam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at Ciscos sole discretion. Please visit Ciscos certification website (www.cisco.com/web/learning) for the latest information on the ICND1 exam.

Operation of IP Data Networks Chapter(s)

Recognize the purpose and functions of various network devices, such as Routers, Switches, Bridges, and Hubs.

1, 2

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning

Introduction xxxix


Select the components required to meet a given network specification. 1, 2

Identify common applications and their impact on the network. 1, 3

Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models.

1, 3

Predict the data flow between two hosts across a network. 1, 2, 13

Identify the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors, to connect Cisco network devices to other network devices and hosts in a LAN.

2

LAN Switching Technologies

Determine the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks.

2

Identify basic switching concepts and the operation of Cisco switches.

uu Collision domainsuu Broadcast domainsuu Types of switchinguu CAM table

2, 10

Configure and verify initial switch-configuration including remote access management.

uu Cisco IOS commands to perform basic switch setup

6, 10

Verify network status and switch-operation using basic utilities, such as ping, Telnet, and SSH.

7, 10

Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and the need for routing between them.

uu Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts.

11

Configure and verify VLANs. 11

Configure and verify trunking on Cisco switches.

uu DTPuu Auto negotiation

11

IP addressing (IPv4/IPv6)

Describe the operation and necessity of using private and public IP addresses for IPv4 addressing.

3, 4

Identify the appropriate IPv6-addressing scheme to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.

14

xl Introduction


Identify the appropriate IPv4-addressing scheme using VLSM and summa-rization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.

5

Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunction with IPv4 such as dual stack.

14

Describe IPv6 addresses.

uu Global unicastuu Multicastuu Link localuu Unique localuu eui-64uu Autoconfiguration

14

IP Routing Technologies

Describe basic routing concepts.

uu CEFuu Packet forwardinguu Router lookup process

8

Configure and verify utilizing the CLI to set the basic router configuration.

uu Cisco IOS commands to perform basic router setup

6, 7

Configure and verify the operation status of an Ethernet interface. 6

Verify router configuration and network connectivity.

uu Cisco IOS commands to review basic router information and network connectivity

6, 7

Configure and verify routing configuration for a static or default route given specific routing requirements.

8

Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols.

uu Static vs dynamicuu Link state vs distance vectoruu NExt-hopuu ip routing tableuu Passive interfaces

8

(continued)

Introduction xli


Configure and verify OSPF (single area)

uu Benefit of single areauu Configure OSPFv2uu Configure OSPFv3uu Router IDuu Passive interface

9, 14

Configure and verify interVLAN routing (router on a stick).

uu Subinterfacesuu Upstream routinguu Encapsulation

11

Configure SVI interfaces. 11

IP Services

Configure and verify DHCP (IOS Router).

uu Configuring router interfaces to use DHCPuu DHCP options uu Excluded addressesuu Lease time

7

Describe the types, features, and applications of ACLs.

uu Standarduu Sequence numbersuu Editing

uu Extendeduu Nameduu Numbereduu Log option

12

Configure and verify ACLs in a network environment.

uu Nameduu Numbereduu Log option

12

xlii Introduction


Identify the basic operation of NAT

uu Purposeuu Pooluu Staticuu 1 to 1uu Overloadinguu Source addressinguu One-way NAT

13

Configure and verify NAT for given network requirements. 13

Configure and verify NTP as a client. 7

Network Device Security

Configure and verify network device security features such as:

uu Device password securityuu Enable secret vs enableuu Transportuu Disable Telnetuu SSHuu VTYsuu Physical securityuu Service passworduu External authentication methods

6

Configure and verify switch port security features, such as:

uu Sticky MACuu MAC address limitationuu Static/dynamicuu Violation modes

uu Err disableuu Shutdownuu Protect restrict

uu Shutdown unused portsuu Err disable recoveryuu Assign unused ports to an unused VLANuu Setting native VLAN to other than VLAN 1

10

(continued)

Introduction xliii


Configure and verify ACLs to filter network traffic. 12

Configure and verify ACLs to limit Telnet and SSH access to the router. 12

Troubleshooting

Troubleshoot and correct common problems associated with IP address-ing and host configurations.

5

Troubleshoot and resolve VLAN problems.

uu Identify that VLANs are configureduu Port membership correctuu IP address configured

11

Troubleshoot and resolve trunking problems on Cisco switches.

uu Correct trunk statesuu Correct encapsulation configureduu Correct VLANS allowed

11

Troubleshoot and resolve ACL issues.

uu Statisticsuu Permitted networksuu Direction

uu Interface

12

Troubleshoot and resolve Layer 1 problems.

uu Framinguu CRCuu Runtsuu Giantsuu Dropped packetsuu Late collisionuu Input/Output errors

6

xliv Introduction

ICND2 (200-101) Exam ObjectivesExam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at Ciscos sole discretion. Please visit Ciscos certification website (www.cisco.com/web/learning) for the latest information on the ICND2 exam.

LAN Switching Technologies Chapter(s)

Identify enhanced switching technologies.

uu RSTPuu PVSTPuu EtherChannels

15

Configure and verify PVSTP operation.

uu Describe root bridge electionuu Spanning-tree mode

15


Describe the boot process of Cisco IOS routers.

uu POSTuu Router bootup process

16

Configure and verify operation status of a serial interface. 21

Manage Cisco IOS Files.

uu Boot preferencesuu Cisco IOS image(s)uu Licensing

uu Show licenseuu Change license

16

Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols.

uu Administrative distanceuu Split horizonuu Metricuu Next-hop

19

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning

Introduction xlv


Configure and verify OSPF (single area).

uu Neighbor adjacenciesuu OSPF statesuu Discuss Multi-areauu Configure OSPFv2uu Configure OSPFv3uu Router IDuu LSA types

20

Configure and verify EIGRP (single AS)

uu Feasible Distance / Feasible Successors / Administrative distanceuu Feasibility conditionuu Metric compositionuu Router IDuu Auto-summaryuu Path selectionuu Load balancing

uu Equaluu Unequal

uu Passive interface

19

IP Services

Recognize high availability (FHRP).

uu VRRPuu HSRPuu GLBP

17

Configure and verify Syslog.

uu Utilize Syslog Output

17

Describe SNMPv2 & SNMPv3 17

Troubleshooting

Identify and correct common network problems. 18

Utilize NetFlow data. 17

xlvi Introduction


Troubleshoot and resolve spanning-tree operation issues

uu Root switchuu Priorityuu Mode is correctuu Port states

15

Troubleshoot and resolve routing issues

uu Routing is enableduu Routing table is correctuu Correct path selection

18, 19, 20

Troubleshoot and resolve OSPF problems.

uu Neighbor adjacenciesuu Hello and dead timersuu OSPF areauu Interface MTUuu Network typesuu Neighbor statesuu OSPF topology database

20

Troubleshoot and resolve EIGRP problems.

uu Neighbor adjacenciesuu AS numberuu Load balancinguu Split horizon

19

Troubleshoot and resolve interVLAN routing problems.

uu Connectivityuu Encapsulationuu Subnetuu Native VLANuu Port mode trunk status

15, 18

Troubleshoot and resolve WAN implementation issues.

uu Serial interfacesuu PPPuu Frame relay

21

(continued)

Introduction xlvii


Monitor NetFlow statistics. 17

Troubleshoot EtherChannel problems. 15

WAN Technologies

Identify different WAN Technologies.

uu Metro Ethernetuu VSATuu Cellular 3G/4Guu MPLSuu T1/E1uu ISDNuu DSLuu Frame relayuu Cableuu VPN

21

Configure and verify a basic WAN serial connection. 21

Configure and verify a PPP connection between Cisco routers. 21

Configure and verify frame relay on Cisco routers. 21

Implement and troubleshoot PPPoE. 21

CCNA Composite (200-120) ExamObjectives


Recognize the purpose and functions of various network devices, such as Routers, Switches, Bridges, and Hubs.

1, 2

Select the components required to meet a given network specification. 1, 2

Identify common applications and their impact on the network. 1, 3

xlviii Introduction


Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP/IP models.

1, 3

Predict the data flow between two hosts across a network. 1, 2, 8, 9, 13

Identify the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors, to connect Cisco network devices to other network devices and hosts in a LAN.

2


Determine the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks.

2, 10

Identify basic switching concepts and the operation of Cisco switches. 2, 10

uu Collision domains 1, 2

uu Broadcast domains 1, 2

uu Types of switching 1, 2, 10, 11

uu CAM table 1, 2, 8, 10, 11

Configure and verify initial switch configuration including remote access management.

6, 10

uu Cisco IOS commands to perform basic switch setup

Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities, such as ping, Telnet, and SSH.

6, 7, 10

Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and the need for routing between them.

11, 15

uu Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts 1, 6, 8, 10

Configure and verify VLANs. 11, 15

Configure and verify trunking on Cisco switches. 11, 15

uu DTP 11, 15

uu Auto negotiation 11, 15

IP addressing (IPv4/IPv6)

Describe the operation and necessity of using private and public IPaddresses for IPv4 addressing.

3, 4, 5

Identify the appropriate IPv6-addressing scheme to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.

14

(continued)

Introduction xlix


Identify the appropriate IPv4-addressing scheme using VLSM and summa-rization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment.

5

Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunction with IPv4-such as dual stack.

14

Describe IPv6 addresses. 14

uu Global unicast 14

uu Multicast 14

uu Link local 14

uu Unique local 14

uu eui 64 14

uu Autoconfiguration 14


Describe basic routing concepts. 8

uu CEF 8

uu Packet forwarding 8

uu Router lookup process 8

Configure and verify utilizing the CLI to set the basic router configuration. 6, 7

uu Cisco IOS commands to perform basic router setup 6

Configure and verify operation status of an Ethernet interface. 6

Verify router configuration and network connectivity. 6, 7

uu Cisco IOS commands to review basic router information and network connectivity

6

Configure and verify routing configuration for a static or default route given specific routing requirements.

8

Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols. 8

uu Static vs dynamic 8

uu Link state vs distance vector 8

uu Next-hop 8

l Introduction


uu ip routing table 8

uu Passive interfaces 8

Configure and verify OSPF (single area). 9, 14

uu Benefit of single area 9

uu Configure OSPFv2 9

uu Configure OSPFv3 14, 18, 20

uu Router ID 14, 18, 19, 20

uu Passive interface 8, 9, 14, 19, 20

Configure and verify interVLAN routing (router on a stick). 11, 15

uu Subinterfaces 11, 15

uu Upstream routing 11, 15

uu Encapsulation 11, 15

Configure SVI interfaces. 11, 15

IP Services

Configure and verify DHCP (IOS Router). 6, 7, 17

uu Configuring router interfaces to use DHCP 6, 8, 17

uu DHCP options 6, 8, 17

uu Excluded addresses 6, 8, 17

uu Lease time 16, 8, 17

Describe the types, features, and applications of ACLs. 12

uu Standard 12

uu Sequence numbers 12

uu Editing 12

uu Extended 12

uu Named 12

uu Numbered 12

uu Log option 12

(continued)

Introduction li


Configure and verify ACLs in a network environment. 12

uu Named 12

uu Numbered 12

uu Log option 12

Identify the basic operation of NAT. 13

uu Purpose 13

uu Pool 13

uu Static 13

uu 1 to 1 13

uu Overloading 13

uu Source addressing 13

uu One-way NAT 13

Configure and verify NAT for given network requirements. 13

Configure and verify NTP as a client. 7

Network Device Security

Configure and verify network device security features such as: 6

uu Device password security 6

uu Enable secret vs enable 6

uu Transport 6

uu Disable Telnet 6

uu SSH 6

uu VTYs 6

uu Physical security 6

uu Service password 6

uu External authentication methods 6

lii Introduction


Configure and verify switch port security features such as. 10

uu Sticky MAC 10

uu MAC address limitation 10

uu Static/dynamic 10

uu Violation modes 10

uu Err disable 10

uu Shutdown 10

uu Protect restrict 10

uu Shutdown unused ports 10

uu Err disable recovery 10

uu Assign unused ports to an unused VLAN 10

uu Setting native VLAN to other than VLAN 1 10

Configure and verify ACLs to filter network traffic. 12

Configure and verify ACLs to limit Telnet and SSH access to the router. 12

Troubleshooting

Troubleshoot and correct common problems associated with IP address-ing and host configurations.

4, 5, 7, 18

Troubleshoot and resolve VLAN problems. 11, 15

uu Identify that VLANs are configured 11, 15

uu Port membership correct 11, 15

uu IP address configured 11, 15

Troubleshoot and resolve trunking problems on Cisco switches. 11, 15

uu Correct trunk states 11, 15

uu Correct encapsulation configured 11, 15

uu Correct VLANS allowed 11, 15

Troubleshoot and resolve ACL issues. 12, 15

uu Statistics 12, 15

uu Permitted networks 12, 15

(continued)

Introduction liii


uu Direction 12, 15

uu Interface 12, 15

Troubleshoot and resolve Layer 1 problems. 6, 18

uu Framing 6, 18

uu CRC 6, 18

uu Runts 6, 18

uu Giants 6, 18

uu Dropped packets 6, 18

uu Late collision 6, 18

uu Input/Output errors 6, 18


Identify enhanced switching technologies. 10, 11, 15

uu RSTP 15

uu PVSTP 15

uu EtherChannels 15

Configure and verify PVSTP operation. 15

uu Describe root bridge election 15

uu Spanning-tree mode 15

IP Routing Technologies 8, 9

Describe the boot process of Cisco IOS routers. 7, 16

uu POST 7, 16

uu Router bootup process 16

uu Configure and verify operation status of a serial interface 21

uu Manage Cisco IOS Files 16

uu Boot preferences 16

uu Cisco IOS image(s) 16

liv Introduction


uu Licensing 16

uu Show license 16

uu Change license 16

Differentiate methods of routing and routing protocols. 8

uu Administrative distance 8

uu Split horizon 8

uu Metric 8

uu Next-hop 8

Configure and verify OSPF (single area). 9

uu Neighbor adjacencies 9

uu OSPF states 9

uu Discuss Multi-area 9

uu Configure OSPFv2 9

uu Configure OSPFv3 14, 18, 20

uu Router ID 9, 14, 18, 20

uu LSA types 20

Configure and verify EIGRP (single AS). 19

uu Feasible Distance/Feasible Successors/Administrative distance 19

uu Feasibility condition 19

uu Metric composition 19

uu Router ID 19

uu Auto-summary 19

uu Path selection 19

uu Load balancing 19

uu Equal 19

uu Unequal 19

uu Passive interface 8, 19

(continued)

Introduction lv


IP Services

Recognize high availability (FHRP). 17

uu VRRP 17

uu HSRP 17

uu GLBP 17

Configure and verify Syslog. 17

uu Utilize Syslog Output 17

Describe SNMPv2 & SNMPv3. 17

Troubleshooting

Identify and correct common network problems. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8

Utilize NetFlow data. 17

Troubleshoot and resolve spanning-tree operation issues 15

uu Root switch 15

uu Priority 15

uu Mode is correct 15

uu Port states 15

Troubleshoot and resolve routing issues. 8, 9, 18, 19, 20

uu Routing is enabled 8, 9, 18, 19, 20

uu Routing table is correct 8, 9, 18, 19, 20

uu Correct path selection 8, 9, 18, 19, 20

Troubleshoot and resolve OSPF problems. 9, 18, 20

uu Neighbor adjacencies 9, 18, 20

uu Hello and dead timers 9, 18, 20

uu OSPF area 9, 18, 20

uu Interface MTU 9, 18, 20

uu Network types 9, 18, 20

lvi Introduction


uu Neighbor states 9, 18, 20

uu OSPF topology database 9, 18, 20

Troubleshoot and resolve EIGRP problems. 19

uu Neighbor adjacencies 19

uu AS number 19

uu Load balancing 19

uu Split horizon 19

Troubleshoot and resolve interVLAN routing problems. 11, 15

uu Connectivity 11, 15

uu Encapsulation 11, 15

uu Subnet 11, 15

uu Native VLAN 11, 15

uu Port mode trunk status 11, 15

Troubleshoot and resolve WAN implementation issues. 21

uu Serial interfaces 21

uu PPP 21

uu Frame relay 21

Monitor NetFlow statistics. 17

Troubleshoot EtherChannel problems. 15

WAN Technologies

Identify different WAN Technologies. 21

uu Metro Ethernet 21

uu VSAT 21

uu Cellular 3G/4G 21

uu MPLS 21

uu T1/E1 21

(continued)

Introduction lvii


uu ISDN 21

uu DSL 21

uu Frame relay 21

uu Cable 21

uu VPN 21

Configure and verify a basic WAN serial connection. 21

Configure and verify a PPP connection between Cisco routers. 21

Configure and verify frame relay on Cisco routers. 21

Implement and troubleshoot PPPoE. 21

Assessment Test

1. What is the sys-id-ext field in a BPDU used for?

A. It is a 4-bit field inserted into an Ethernet frame to define trunking information between switches.

B. It is a 12-bit field inserted into an Ethernet frame to define VLANs in an STP instance.

C. It is a 4-bit field inserted into an non-Ethernet frame to define EtherChannel options.

D. It is a 12-bit field inserted into an Ethernet frame to define STP root bridges.

2. You have four RSTP PVST+ links between switches and want to aggregate the band-width. What solution will you use?

A. EtherChannel

B. PortFast

C. BPDU Channel

D. VLANs

E. EtherBundle

3. What configuration parameters must be configured the same between switches for LACP to form a channel? (Choose three.)

A. Virtual MAC address

B. Port speeds

C. Duplex

D. PortFast enabled

E. Allowed VLAN information

4. You reload a router with a configuration register setting of 0x2101. What will the router do when it reloads?

A. The router enters setup mode.

B. The router enters ROM monitor mode.

C. The router boots the mini-IOS in ROM.

D. The router expands the first IOS in flash memory into RAM.

Assessment Test lix

5. Which of the following commands provides the product ID and serial number of a router?

A. show license

B. show license feature

C. show version

D. show license udi

6. Which command allows you to view the technology options and licenses that are sup-ported on your router along with several status variables?

A. show license

B. show license feature

C. show license udi

D. show version

7. Which of the following will you use to collect details about network traffic patterns on your network, including protocols used.

A. SNMPv3

B. Syslogv2

C. NetFlow 9

D. logging host ip_address

8. You want to send a console message to a syslog server, but you only want to send status messages of 3 and lower. Which of the following commands will you use?

A. logging trap emergencies

B. logging trap errors

C. logging trap debugging

D. logging trap notifications

E. logging trap critical

F. logging trap warnings

G. logging trap alerts

9. When is the AVR router used in GLBP?

A. When HSRP preempts GLBP

B. When a client needs the virtual MAC

C. When its set to passive mode and load balancing

D. When its load-balancing between VLANs with VVRP

E. When there is a redundancy failure

lx Assessment Test

10. You need to connect to a remote IPv6 server in your virtual server farm. You can con-nect to the IPv4 servers, but not the critical IPv6 server you desperately need. Based on the following output, what could your problem be?

C:\>ipconfig Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : localdomain IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:db8:3c4d:3:ac3b:2ef:1823:8938 Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2001:db8:3c4d:3:2f33:44dd:211:1c3d Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::ac3b:2ef:1823:8938%11 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.10 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.1.1.1

A. The global address is in the wrong subnet.

B. The IPv6 default gateway has not been configured or received from the router.

C. The link-local address has not been resolved so the host cannot communicate to the router.

D. There are two IPv6 global addresses configured. One must be removed from the configuration.

11. What command is used to view the IPv6-to-MAC-address resolution table on a Ciscorouter?

A. show ip arp

B. show ipv6 arp

C. show ip neighbors

D. show ipv6 neighbors

E. show arp

12. An IPv6 ARP entry is listed as with a status of REACH. What can you conclude about the IPv6-to-MAC-address mapping?

A. The interface has communicated with the neighbor address and the mapping is current.

B. The interface has not communicated within the neighbor reachable time frame.

C. The ARP entry has timed out.

D. IPv6 can reach the neighbor address but the addresses has not yet been resolved.

Assessment Test lxi

13. Serial0/1 goes down. How will EIGRP send packets to the 10.1.1.0 network?

Corp#show ip eigrp topology[output cut]P 10.

Ccna routing and switching study guide todd lammle, ccnax 200-120 full official guide,

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