CCNA Core Concepts
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CCNA Core ConceptsChapter 1: Standard Internetworking
Models
Talton Walker
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Types of Internetworks Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Storage Area Network (SAN) Virtual Private Network (VPN)
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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
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Application Layer (7) NTP DHCP
Telnet HTTP/HTTPS FTP TFTP DNS SMTP POP3 NFS NNTP SNMP
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Presentation Layer (6)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) TIFF GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) PICT MPEG MIDI QuickTime RTF
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Session Layer (5) NTP DHCP
NFS SQL RPC ASP X Window DNA SCP
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Transport Layer (4) Responsible for:
Fault Detection Error Recovery Establishing, maintaining, and tearing down
virtual circuits Transport layer provides reliable
networking via acknowledgements, sequencing, and flow control
Layer 4 protocols include: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)
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Network Layer (3) IP Layer Controls Routing of Data Protocols include:
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) AppleTalk DDP
There are two types of packets: Data Packets – the actual data being transmitted Route Update Packets – updates sent to
neighboring routers so that
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Data Link Layer (2) Broadcast Domain - group of nodes that can
receive each other’s broadcast messages, segmented by a router
Collision Domain – group of nodes that share the same media, segmented by a switch. CSMA/CD
Media Access Control (MAC) The hard-coded address on the NIC 48 bits, 12 hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F) The first 6 hex digits identify the manufacturer The last 6 hex digits are specific to that device
Logical Link Control (LLC) Complements the MAC layer Framing, error, and flow control
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Physical Layer (1) The physical media data will traverse Specification of voltage, wire speed, and
pin-out cables Capability to send/receive a signal
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TCP/IP Model
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Cisco 3-Layer Hierarchical Model