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Transcript of CCN KSD Chapter 1
Computer Communication Networks
Mr. Kunjan D Shinde
Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering
PESITM Shivamogga.
213/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
UNIT 1Network ModelsLayered TaskOSI ModelWorking of
Physical layer, Data link layer, Network layerTransport layer, Session layer, Presentation layerApplication layer
TCP/IP Protocol SuiteWorking of each layers
AddressingPhysical, Logical, Port, and Specific addressing. Acall Last_Class
Telephone and Cable Networks for Data CommunicationTelephone NetworksDial up modemDSLCable TV for data Transmission
Computer Communication Networks
Contents Chapter 1
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Layered Task
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Seven Layers of OSI model
ISO- International Standards Organization. - International Organization for Standardization.
- Established in 1947- Multifunctional body dedicated to worldwide
agreement on international standards.- ISO standard that covers all aspect of Network
Communication is OSI model
OSI – Open System Interconnect Model- 1st introduced in late 1970’s- has 7 ordered layers- Open System is set of protocols that allows two
different system to communicate regardless of their underlying hardware or software
- OSI is not a protocol- purpose is to facilitate communication b/w different
systems without changing its logic of underlying h/w and s/w.
ISO is Organization. OSI is the Model
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
The Interaction Between layers in the OSI Model
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
An exchange of data using the OSI model
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Physical Layer
Functions of Physical layerPhysical Layer is responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop(node) to the
next.- Physical Characteristics - Data Rate- Synchronization of Bits- Line Configuration- Physical Topology- Transmission Mode
813/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Data Link Layer
Functions of Data Link layerData Link Layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop(node) to the next.
- Framing- Physical Addressing- Flow control- Error Control- Access Control
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Hop to Hop Delivery
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Network Layer
Functions of Network layerNetwork Layer is responsible for the delivery of individual packets from source to
destination.
- Logical Addressing- Routing
1113/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Source to destination Delivery
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Transport Layer
Functions of Transport layerTransport Layer is responsible for the delivery of the message from one process to another.
- Service point addressing- Segmentation and Reassembly- Connection control- Flow control- Error control
1313/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Reliable Process to process delivery
1413/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Session Layer
Functions of Session layerSession Layer is responsible for dialog control and synchronization.
- Dialog control- Synchronization
1513/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Presentation Layer
Functions of Presentation layerPresentation Layer is responsible for Translation, compression and encryption.
- Translation- Encryption- Compression
1613/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Application Layer
Functions of Application layerApplication Layer is responsible for providing services to the user.
- Network Virtual terminal- File transfer, access, and management- Mail services- Directory Services
1713/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Summary of Layers in OSI model
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
1913/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Addressing
2013/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Physical Addressing
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address.
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Logical Addressing
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Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Port Addressing
2313/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Port Addressing
753
A 16-bit port address represented as one single number.
2413/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Specific Addressing
Specific address is used in some applications which need user friendly addresses.
Example
email: [email protected] used to define the address of the receiver.
URL- Universal Resource LocatorURL- www.pestrust.edu.in/pesitm/
-used to find a document on World Wide Web
2513/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
The telephone network had its beginnings in the late 1800s and was originally created to provide voice communication.
Need to communicate digital data results in the invention of the dial-up modem
High speed downloading – DSL- Digital Subscriber Line
The entire network, which is referred to as the plain old telephone system (POTS), was originally an analog system using analog signals to transmit voice.
PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Networks
Telephone networks use circuit switching.
2613/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Endoffices
Local loop
Trunk
Tandemoffices Regional offices
Trunk
• • •
It has 3 major components 1. Local Loops – Twisted pair cable, END/local central office, BW- 4kHz for voice
083622229542. Trunks – is a transmission media handles Communication b/w offices
3. Switching Offices - to avoid physical link b/w two subscriber, Telephone company has switches.
- A switch connects several local loops or trunks and allows a connection b/w different subscribers.
Major Components of Telephone Networks
2713/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Unit 1
Home workStudy and prepare notes on
1. LATA1. Intra LATA Service2. Inter LATA Service
Point of Presence2. Signaling 1. Study in detail 2. Data Transfer Network and Signaling Network 3. Signaling System Seven (SS7)
Detailed notes on Layers in SS73. Services Provided by telephone Network4. Dial up modem – basic, v.32, v.34, v.90 and v.92
Last Date for Submission : its up to u.. Set a date
3313/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Telephone companies developed a new technology when the traditional modems reached their peak data rate, this new technology was DSL- Digital Subscriber Line.
DSL is used to provide higher-speed access to the Internet.
Digital subscriber line (DSL) technology is one of the most promising for supporting high-speed digital communication over the existing local loops.
Variants of DSL are
ADSL -AsymmetricHDSL -High bit rateSDSL -SymmetricVDSL -Very high bit rate xDSL - generally referred as xDSL where x = A, H, S, or V.
Digital Subscriber Line
3413/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Some points on ADSL
ADSL- Asymmetric –b’coz it uses a different speed in upstream and downstream.- downstream has higher data rate than upstream
ADSL is an asymmetric communication technology designed for residential users; it is not suitable for businesses.
The existing local loops can handle bandwidths up to 1.1 MHz (data and voice Communication).
ADSL is an adaptive technology. The system uses a data rate based on the condition of the local loop line.
1. Using Existing Local Loops-uses a existing local loops.-new BW was achieved by ADSL, b’coz of change in the filter used by
TC.
3513/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Some points on ADSL Cont’d..
2. Adaptive Technology-1.1 MHz is a theoretical bandwidth of Local Loops.- some factors that influence the change in BW property are Distance, Size of the cable, Signaling used and so .on..- Hence these factors need to be taken care, so the Adaptive Technology.Adaptive technology is used to test the conditions of the channel and to find the available BW of the line- Data rate of the ADSL is not fixed, it changes based on the condition and type of local loop cable.
3. Discrete multitone Technique (DMT)-Modulation Technique used by ADSL is DMT.-No predefine way to set the BW and divide among the users (each s/m can decide on its BW division).- typical BW -1.104MHz is divided in to 256 channels.-each channel uses the BW of 4.312kHz
3613/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Discrete Multitone technique
3713/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Bandwidth Division in ADSL
-Voice - Channel 0- Idle - Channel 1 to 5- Upstream data and Control -Channel 6 to 30 (24 channels), QAM modulation is used and BW is 24*4000*15=1.44Mbps {normal 500kbps b’coz of noise} - Downstream Data and Control - Channel 31 to 255 (24 channels), QAM modulation is used and BW is 224*4000*15=13.4Mbps{normal 8Mbps b’coz of noise}
3813/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
3913/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL): It’s an alternative to T-1 line(1.544 Mbps)
Limitation of T-1 line is it uses alternative mark inversion(AMI) encoding, which is very susceptible to attenuation at high frequencies. Thus the length of T-1 line is limited to 3200ft (1km). Thus there is need of repeater for longer distances.
HDSL uses 2B1Q encoding which is less susceptible to attenuation. Up to a distance of 12000ft(3.86km) a data rate of 1.544Mbps can be achieved without repeaters.
HDSL uses 2 twisted pairs (One pair for each direction) to achieve full-duplex transmission.
4013/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
Summary
4113/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
The cable TV network started as a video service provider, but it has moved to the business of Internet access. In this section, we discuss cable TV networks per se; in Section 9.5 we discuss how this network can be used to provide high-speed access to the Internet.
4213/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Communication in the traditional cable TV network is unidirectional.
4313/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Communication in an HFC cable TV network can be bidirectional.
4413/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Cable companies are now competing with telephone companies for the residential customer who wants high-speed data transfer. In this section, we briefly discuss this technology.
BandwidthSharingCM and CMTSData Transmission Schemes: DOCSIS
4513/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
Downstream data are modulated using the 64-QAM modulation technique.
The theoretical downstream data rateis 30 Mbps. The theoretical upstream data rate
is 12 Mbps.
Upstream data are modulated using the QPSK modulation technique.
4613/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
4713/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Telephone Networks
4813/08/2015 Mr. Kunjan D. Shinde, Asst. Professor, Dept. of E&CE, PESITM Shivamogga.
Computer Communication Networks
Chapter 1: Network Models
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