CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) - CCG...

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

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The scheme adopts cross laminated timber (CLT) construction to form the full superstructure. CLT first conceived in Western Europe during the late 1980’s is an innovative (plate-like) engineered timber product, optimised for carrying loads in and out of plane. CLT typically comprises kiln dried, quick growing softwood boards (lamellas), finger-jointed to length, stacked at right angles to one another and bonded by structural adhesive in either 3, 5 or 7 layers (an example of a 5 Layer CLT product is shown in Figure 1). Panel dimensions vary depending upon the supplier; the overall panel thickness is governed by the lay-up of the lamellas (and the corresponding thickness of the laminations in each layer) and commonly ranges from 60 to 400 mm, width and length are often limited by the processing equipment or by the transportation requirements. Panel sizes range from 1.25 – 3.5 m in width and 6.0 m to 20.0 m in length, however the production dimensions are usually governed by transportation restrictions (i.e. 2.95 m wide and 13.5 m in length). The load bearing behaviour of CLT elements is directly influenced by the mechanical properties of the lamellas and the orientation of the individual layers.

CLT is regarded as a light-weight construction method (in comparison to steel & concrete) and given its inherent properties can be specified for application as wall, floor and roof elements as well as for other load bearing structural components. Added to this is the flexibility to create (window & door) openings within the panel without causing significant detriment to the overall performance. The low mass, improved stiffness and the bearing capacity in-plane and out of plane make CLT ideally suited for multi-storey residential and office buildings, healthcare facilities, schools, commercial and industrial units as well as single family dwellings.

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BENEFITS

CLT is an engineered timber product with excellent structural properties and low environmental impact (where sustainably sourced timber is used). It can provide dry, fast onsite construction, with good potential for airtightness and a robust wall and floor structure suitable for most finishes internally and externally. It requires only limited new site skills, and its low weight means that a high degree of offsite manufacture is possible. Access permitting, relatively large pre- manufactured panels can be transported to site for fast, factory-quality construction.

SUSTAINABILITY

With eco-credentials of the highest importance in the construction and modern trading world, having the correct accreditation and certification is critical to success. Timber is the number one renewable mainstream construction material and can produce greener buildings with a lower carbon footprint. Building with CLT locks this away in the structural frame of our buildings, enabling low embodied carbon buildings. Furthermore, the panels can be re-cycled at the end of a building’s life.

Fabricating timber building components uses half the energy needed to produce concrete, and just 1% of the energy required to manufacture steel.

The majority of CLT suppliers (including Stora Enso appointed for Yoker) carry PEFC certificate guarantees that the raw material used comes from ecological, economical and socially responsible forests, ensuring clients maintain a fully transparent Green Supply Chain.

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

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SPEED

The panels are installed with the aid of a crane and lightweight power tools without the need for wet trades. Site storage is reduced by just-in-time delivery scheduling and health and safety issues are minimised due to the lightweight nature of the product and the speed of erection.

................ CTERISTICS

Cross laminated timber is a stable timber solution which has little shrinkage or movement post construction. It has proven multi-storey capability, up to 10 storeys in the UK and a structural capacity beyond this. Long span floors without intermediate beams are easily achieved, such as 8.0m classroom floors being constructed in 240-280mm panels, dependant on loading conditions. Typical walls for 5-6 storey construction are often in the region of 100-140mm thick.

CLT offers significant advantages in respect of fire protection compared with reinforced concrete or steel materials. In a fire, a charred layer forms around an un-destroyed core which retains its load bearing capacity, thus reducing the entry of oxygen and heat from outside which delays significantly the further spread of flame.

Cross laminated timber walls with plasterboard will also provide acoustic performance to meet requirement of current Building Regulations. They also make substantial contributions to the U-value requirements.

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

MARKET GROWTH

The CCG CLT Project at Yoker will showcase the advantages of CLT within construction methodology in Scotland. The project itself utilises over 1050m3 of CLT which will be delivered to site from Austrian CLT supplier Stora Enso. There are in excess of 30 CLT production sites worldwide, over 85% of which are located in Europe. In terms of volume, in 2015 total production (worldwide) was in the region of 478,000 m3. Currently, there is no commercial CLT production within the UK and as a result it is imported directly from Europe or Scandinavia.

CLT was first introduced to the UK market in 2003 as a small extension to a flatted development in Hackney, London with a value of circa £60,000. Since then the market for CLT within the UK industry has grown to a value of circa £28 M. This represents over 500 completed projects UK wide. Shown in Figure 2 is a summary of the completed projects (between 2003 and 2012) by location and the associated percentage breakdown by region. It is clear that London is the main driver behind CLT in the UK consuming nearly 50% of the total market. East England and South East England are the next highest regions and account for 17% and 9% respectively. It is expected that the high volume of CLT used within London is attributed to the need for high rise modern methods of construction. Given that virtually all of the CLT used with the UK is imported from central Europe, London is also more convenient in terms of transportation logistics.

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

Europe's tallest cross-laminated timber building, at an impressive 10 storeys high, has topped out in Hackney, north London. The 6,750m2 Banyan Wharf office and apartment block on Wenlock Road, designed by Hawkins \ Brown for client Regal Homes, is supported on a hybrid structural frame of off-site manufactured CLT panels.

GENERIC TECHNICAL APPROVALS

The Harmonised European Standard, EN 16351 ‘Timber Structures Cross-Laminated Timber Requirements’ was made public in 2013. This standard aims to demonstrate by testing, calculation or a combination of both (calculation assisted by testing) as specified as applicable:

• Mechanical resistance & stability• Safety in case of fire• Hygiene, health and the environment• Safety in use• Protection against noise• Energy economy and heat retention• Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification

WARRANTY PROVIDERS

CLT is also currently recognised and approved under schemes by The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), Lloyd's Register and Building LifePlans Ltd (BLP), in consultation with the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) and the Building Societies Association (BSA), to provide assurance to the lending community that innovatively constructed properties against which they may be lending, will be sufficiently durable as to be readily saleable for a minimum of 60 years.

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CCG AND CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT)

SUMMARY

Pushing the boundaries of Construction within CCG and further developing our Off Site Manufacturing capability. Our IQ System has been proven up to 6 storeys as a platform construction method with traditional blockwork / concrete podium deck for ground and first floor and the subsequent 4 storeys from closed panel timber kit. (CLT is proven construction system between 6 and 12 storeys and concepts for in excess of 20 storeys have been proven).

99% of CCG’s residential flatted developments require the common areas, stair wells and lift shaft walls to be formed in a non-combustible building material. This is part of the Scottish Building Regulations and they differ from those in England and Wales where CLT is commonly used in these applications. These CCG (and industry wide) construction methods generally require wet trades with a current demand for skilled labour and this is diminishing. Shortage of skills is a real concern within the construction industry, brick layers squads and associated materials are at a premium and in high demand. In order to meet the Government’s target of 50,00 homes in this parliament, buildings need to be constructed effectively and quickly using environmentally friendly material to achieve a high level of performance and improve quality of living.

Whole life costs of a residential property are more and more important in today’s climate and the benefits of CLT and timber construction can begin to address some of these challenges. Offsite Manufacture is key to this and CCG are seeking to continue to innovate and push boundaries where possible. We see this project with a view to then developing and proto-typing a hybrid solution between our CCG OSM system and CLT in order to build higher faster and be less dependent on brick layers and wet trades which can slow or stop building during poor weather conditions.

This project will be the largest CLT building in Scotland and will also be the tallest timber building in Scotland. It will set a new precedence for CCG upon which to further develop the ways in which we construct buildings. CLT has inherent fire performance because of the cross laminated effect of the lamellas and can be design to achieve specific fire rating requirements when left exposed and also lined with gyproc based boards. The design is based on the loadings applied and the charring rate of the CLT as certified under European Declaration of Performance and CE marking. We have used this information and a leading design team from Cambridge to optimise the design for this project and to satisfy building control.