環保產業之現況與發展評析 - 崑山科技大學...
Transcript of 環保產業之現況與發展評析 - 崑山科技大學...
-
5
-
Standard Industry Classification, SICEBI3314SICharmonized code systems
1.Environmental Business International, 2007 2. Vol.24 No.8pp22-252007
-
-(1/3)
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
-(2/3)
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
-(3/3)
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
DSM
-
1993~2010 ()
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
2003 2004 2003~2004 228.7 240.8 5.3% 172.4 180.0 4.4% 96.1 98.8 2.8% 33.6 38.0 13.1% 4.1 4.4 9.1% 11.0 12.1 10.3% 16.0 16.5 2.9%/ 9.6 10.1 5.3%/ 11.8 13.0 9.7% 8.3 9.4 13.6% 4.6 5.5 19.4% 596.0 628.5 5.5%
- ()
/
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
36%
31%
16%
17%
33%
38%
19%
10%
2005 2010
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
- ()
2003 2004 2004
& 46.7 51.3 9.90%
39 40.2 3.00%
7.2 7.5 3.90%
32.1 33 2.80%
3.4 3.5 1.60%
124.2 128.2 3.20%
21 21.3 1.70%
33.8 35.4 4.60%
36.3 39.1 7.80%
4.4 4.6 3.70%
83 87.7 5.70%
91.9 96.7 5.30%
39.1 43.1 10.00%
34 37 9.10%
596.1 628.6 5.50%
&
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
(Public Awareness and Pressure)(Government Policy Stated)(Legislation Enacted) (Regulations Promulgated and Agency Empowered)(Enforcement Creates Market for Environmental Firms) ---(Proactive Effort to Circumvent Regulation & Liability)---(Internalization and Integration of Environmental Efforts)---
-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-
---,
------(EHS)
---&
-
/
-
20072,693
47.4%23.2%29.4%
2.7~3.5%
2004 2005 2006 2007
0.5% 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 4.5% 33.6 34.5 35.4 36.3 3.0% 45.1 46.4 47.7 49.0 0.7% 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 1.0% 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.5 3.5% 20.3 20.6 21.2 21.5
119.6 122.2 125.2 127.7
4.5% 23.6 24.8 26.1 26.5 2.5% 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 1.0% 19.1 19.3 19.6 19.8 2.2% 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.2 5.0% 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
57.7 59.5 61.4 62.5
3.5% 33.8 34.9 36.1 37.3 2.0% 19.6 20.0 20.5 21.1 9.0% 14.3 16.3 18.5 20.9
67.7 71.2 75.1 79.3
3.4% 244.92.9%
253.03.3%
261.83.5%
269.3 2.9%
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
20102,900
020406080
100120140160180200220240260280300320
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
(
)
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
20(Brownfields)9%NOxSOxHg
2006-20085.2%
-
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
(
)
20041,800
3.3%
20082,050
20102,187
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
2004
26%
17%
15%
10%
7%
15%
17%
26%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
10%
5%
7%
3%
3%
3%
2%
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
EMAS
ISO14000
WEEE
RoHS
REACHEuP
107
5028
GHG
-
ISO 9000:2000 ISO 14001
OHSAS 18001ISO/IEC 17799
ISO/IEC 17025
SA 8000 /ISO 26000
RoHSWEEE
EuP
REACHGHG
GRI
ECA
EPD/LCA
DfE
&
-
5~10
-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
()
-
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
1997() 2004() 5,820 5,200 3,370 3,000 1,050 900 9,280 7,500 530 500 30,190 29,800 4,020 3,800& 1,140 1,200 530 780 520 500(&) 9,890 9,900 12,440 12,700 10,400 10,200& 0 12,820 89,180 98,800
-
(Environmental Business International, EBI)3314EBI6,2855.5%450.72%5.0%201061.8201018
5139.9%
1,2827.8%
96710%
-
(185, 15%)
(331, 26%)
(742, 59%)
(2004)
2006
1,258
-
10
(Environmental Business International, 2007)
-
GDP
Environmental Business International, 2007GDP International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008
Subject Descriptor Units 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Gross domestic product, current prices
U.S. Billiondollars
276.3 298.8 321.4 291.9 297.7 305.4 331.1 356.2 365.5 383.3 409.0 443.4 485.3
U.S. Billiondollars
3.2 3.25 3.44 3.54 3.65 4.04 4.5 4.84 5.08 5.34 5.6 5.88 6.18
(%) 1.158 1.088 1.070 1.213 1.226 1.323 1.359 1.359 1.390 1.393 1.369 1.326 1.273
-
GDP
Environmental Business International, 2007GDP International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
GDP(%)
(2004)
-
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
(
)
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
(
)
-
EBI200750.34(1,540)1,25820061,07220051,0913473332845
-
()
()
-
37
-
5
-
40
19901985 1995 2000 2005
WEEE/RoHS
EuP
-
http://www.epeat.net
Update: 2009/03/06
-
42
EPEAT CriteriaEnvironmental performance categories Required Optional
1.Reduction/Elimination of Environmentally Sensitive Materials
3 8
2.Material Selection 3 3
3.Design for End of Life 6 5
4.Product Longevity/ Life Extension 2 2
5.Energy Conservation 1 3
6.End of Life Management 2 1
7.Corporate Performance 3 2
8.Packaging 3 4
Summary 23 28
BRONZE 23 0
Silver 23 14(50%)
Gold 23 21(75%)
Only can loss 7 optional scores for Gold
-
43
PUSH
PULL
-
44
()()
()
(//)
/
*>20//
**
WEEE RoHS EuP
-
45http://www.cdproject.net/sc_members.asp
-
http://www.eicc.info/membership.html
-
47
Greenpeace 8th ranking criteriaToxic Chemicals(18) E-waste(15) Energy(18)
C1.Precautionary Principle 3 W1. Support for Individual Producer Responsibility
3 E1.Support for global mandatory reduction of GHG emissions
3
C2.Chemicals Management 3 W2. Provides effective voluntary takeback where no EPR laws
3 E2.Disclosure of carbon footprint (GHG emissions) of companys own operations and two stages of the product supply chain
3
C3.PVC and BFR phaseout + Timeline
63
W3. Provides info for individual customers on takeback in all countries where sales of product
3 E3.Commitment to reduce GHG emissions from a companys own operations with timelines
3
C4.Phase out of additional substances with timeline(s)
1.All phthalates 2.Beryllium(Be)3.Antimony(Sb)
3 W4. Reports on amount of WEEE recycled
3 E4.Amount of renewable energy used as proportion of total electricity use in own operations
3
C5.PVC-free and/or BFR-free models (product systems) on the market
(double points)
6 W5. Use of recycled plastic content across all products and timelines for increasing content
3 E5.Energy efficiency of New Models of specified products
(double points)
6
changed new
Total scores=51 (new:24,original:30-3=27,combine PVC/BFR Timelines), then re-calculated to give a mark out of 10 for simplicity .
-
48
NokiaDell
Sony EricssonSamsung
SonyHP
LGEPanasonic
ToshibaFujitsu-Siemens
AppleAcer
Motorola
RoHSEuP
REACH
/
PVC
--
O
EM
/OD
M
3%
PVCfree
EuP
2,400/
-
() A B C
*()
49
-
50
Regulations
greenpeaceEU Eco-labellingCal.
Brand name co.
ODM/OEM
Tier 1 suppliers
Tier n suppliers
Material and chemical suppliers
mostly SMEs
Supply Chain System
-
51
HSF
OEMODM
RoHS
()
/
EEE6 PBBsPBDEs 20067
BFRsPVCSbBe
BFRsPVCSbBe
-
52
()
-
Eco-Profile
BO
M
Cu: a g, Epoxy: b g,Glass : c g..
Eco-ProfileAir/Water/Material/Fuel/WasteDust: d mgCO: e mgCO2: f mg..
1(1200)
2(1000)
3(800)
ER
P
LCMPortal
OEM
ODMOBM LCA DATA
Vendor
53
-
Boustead Model
LCM
Tier 1
Tier 2
PP
LCA
//
ABS
EuP
ERP
EuP
PPPP
PCBPCB
ABSABS
.
RoHS
PDM
54
-
5555
Walmart Sustainability Index
1.Measure Corporate GHG emissions2.Report GHG emissions to CDP3.Total GHG emissions reported
(Total metric tons CO2e-CDP6, 2b)4.Public GHG reduction targets
(% or # and target date)
1.Measure Corporate GHG emissions2.Report GHG emissions to CDP3.Total GHG emissions reported
(Total metric tons CO2e-CDP6, 2b)4.Public GHG reduction targets
(% or # and target date)
Energy and Climate (4)Energy and Climate (4)
12. 100% Know the Location of facilities 13. Evaluate facilities quality & capacity14. Process for Social compliance15. Resolve issues and document specific
corrections and improvements16. Community development activities
12. 100% Know the Location of facilities 13. Evaluate facilities quality & capacity14. Process for Social compliance15. Resolve issues and document specific
corrections and improvements16. Community development activities
People & Community (5)People & Community (5) Solid waste generated (to landfill)
5.Report total amount/year6.Public available reduction targets
Water use (invoice or billing statement)7.Report total amount/year8.Public available reduction targets(% or # and target date)
Solid waste generated (to landfill)5.Report total amount/year6.Public available reduction targets
Water use (invoice or billing statement)7.Report total amount/year8.Public available reduction targets(% or # and target date)
Material Efficiency (4)Material Efficiency (4)
9. 100% Know the Country of materials/parts purchased
10. Public available sustainability purchasing guidelines
11. 3rd Party Certifications(Energy Star, EPEAT)
9. 100% Know the Country of materials/parts purchased
10. Public available sustainability purchasing guidelines
11. 3rd Party Certifications(Energy Star, EPEAT)
Natural Resources (3)Natural Resources (3)
-
!!