CBSE OTBA Material for Class 11 Economics in Hindi

8/10/2019 CBSE OTBA Material for Class 11 Economics in Hindi

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2/25

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eqDr IkkB~; lkexzh

vFkZ'kkL=k (030)

1- fo"k;% Hkkjr esarsy&ewY; fu/kZj.k uhfr

izLrkouk

geusns[kk gSfd Hkkjr dPps rsy dsHkaMkj ls lEiUu gSysfdu mldk iwjk mi;ksx ughafd;k tk jgk

gSA isVksy] Mhty] ,y-ih-th- vkSj lh-,u-th- dh dhersa vdlj la'kksf/r dh tkrh gSaA ;g

vFkZO;oLFkk esamFky&iqFky dk ,d cgqr cM+k dkj.k gSA bl ewY; o`f dkslekt dsT;knkrj oxks

fo'ks"k rkSj ij vke yksxksa}kjk vPNs:i esaughafy;k tkrk gSA bu mRiknksadh dherksaesao`f D;ksa

gksrh gS vkSj os varjkZ"Vh; dherksa }kjk fdl rjg izHkkfor gksrs gSa] bu vk/kjHkwr iz'uksa dks ,d

lkekU; rjhds ls le>k tk ldrk gS] gkykafd ;s vR;Ur tfVy eqs gSaA orZeku le; esa gekjh

vFkZO;oLFkk viuh k:jrksads70 lsHkh T;knk fgLlsdksiwjk djusdsfy, vkWisd lsdPpsrsy

dk vk;kr djusdksfoo'k izrhr gksrh gSA vesfjdh MkWyj dsi{k esafons'kh eqnzk dh vfLFkj dher

dslkFk vFkZO;oLFkk bldsvk;kr dsfy, Hkkjh dher pqdkrh gSA ;g k:jh gS fd isVksfy;e ds

mi;ksxksaesavkRefuHkZj gksusds fy, rjhdsfodflr fd, tk,aA nSfud thou esamQtkZdsoSdfYidlk/uksadsiz;ksx dh vko';drk gSA gky gh esauhfrxr iQSlyksausisVksfy;e mRiknksa ij ljdkj }kjk

nh xbZlfClMh dksde dj fn;k gSD;ksafd ;sbldsctVh; cks> dksc


3/25

2

www.telegraph.co.uk

fp=k&1

dPpk rsy viusvifj"o`Qr :i esaisVksfy;e ds:i esatkuk tkrk gSA tSlk fd vki mQij fp=k e sa

ns[k ldrsgSa] ;g ,d xgjk fpifpik rjy gSA oSKkfud rkSj ij blsgkbMksdkcZu dgk tkrk gSA tSlk

fd vkiusviuh fiNyh d{kk esai


4/25

3

isVksfy;e mRiknksaesa vyx dj fn, tkrsgSaA dPpk rsy bblsdslaf{kIr :i esacSjyksa esaekik tkrk

gSA ;g vuwBk iSekuk blfy, vk;k D;ksafd igysvarjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij ydM+h dscSjy esaj[kdj rsy

dk dkjksckj fd;k tkrk FkkA 1 cSjy yxHkx 159 yhVj rFkk ,d ehfVd Vu 7 cSjsy lsFkksM+k

T;knkA

czsaV dPpk rsy] Hkkjh dPpk rsy] isaflYosfu;k xzsM] ^ehBk* dPpk rsy] oQf=ke dPpk rsy tSlsdPps

rsy dh fofHkUu fd+LesagSaA bu fd+Leksadsrsy dh izo`Qfr dsvuqlkj gh viuk uke izkIr fd;k gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn lYiQj dh ek=kk de gSrks;g ehBk dPpk rsy dgykrk gS;k fiQj fcuk

vojks/ dscgrk gSrksgYdk dPpk rsy dgykrk gSA

^Hkkjh* dPpk rsy rFkk ^gYdk* dPpk rsy D;k gS\

^gYdk* dPpk rsy ,d mPp fof'k"V xq:Ro okysrsy ds:i esaifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA rsy dk

;g oxhZdj.k isVksy] Mhty rFkk tsV b/u tSlsmPp ewY; dsmRiknksaesaiai djus] ifjogu djus,oa

ifj"o`Qr djusdsfy, vklku gSvkSj bldh otg ls;g vkSj vf/d egaxk gkstkrk gSA

vke rkSj ij ^Hkkjh* dPpk rsy esalYiQj rFkk dbZ/krqvksafo'ks"k rkSj ij fudsy vkSj ekse dh mPp

lkanzrk lekfo"V gksrh gSA ;s,sls xq.k/eZgSatksfd mUgsatehu lsckgj ;k ikbi ykbu dsek;e ls

iai djusesadfBu cukrk gS;k ifj'kks/ djusesack/k Mkyrk gSA bldsvykok ;sxq.k/eZxaHkhj

i;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;kHkh mifLFkr djrsgSaA

^Hkkjh* rsy ^mRizjsd iVk[kk* dsmi;ksx dsek;e lsNksVs&NksVsisVksy v.kqvksaesaVwV ldrk gSysfdu

;g izfozQ;k mQtkZdk mi;ksx djrh gSftldsifj.kkeLo:i feyusokyk isVksy vf/d egaxk gkstkrk

gSvkSj ^Hkkjh* dPpsrsy dsizfr cSjy dh de ykxr }kjk ml ykxr dh HkjikbZdh tkrh gSA

^ehBk* (Sweet) vkSj ^[kV~Vk* dPpk rsy (Sour Crude Oil) D;k gS\

ehBsdPpsrsy esalYiQj dh FkksM+h ek=kk (eq[; :i lsgkbbkstu lYiQkbV H2Sds:i esa) (0-5

;k mllsde) rFkk dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM gksrk gS vkSj isVksy ds mRiknu esa eq[; :i ls bldk

mi;ksx gksrk gSA lYiQj] ifj"o`Qr djrsoDr midj.kksa dksuqdlku igqprk gS(lkFk gh vkidsdkj ds


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batu dksHkh) ;fn blsfudkyk u tk,A bldh ek=kk 0-5 lsT;knk gksrh gSrks;g [kV~Vsrsy ds:i

esaoxhZo`Qr fd;k tkrk gSA lYiQj dksnwj djusesa'kkfey ykxr dsdkj.k gh ^[kV~Vk* rsy ^ehBk*

rsy dh vis{kk lLrk gkstkrk gSA

Hkkjrh; fjiQkbujh fdl izdkj dsdPpsrsy dkslalkf/r djrk gS\

Hkkjrh; fjiQkbujh ^[kV~Vs* vkSj ^ehBs* nksuksadsfeJ.k dkslalkf/r djrk gSA blh izdkj Hkkjr dsrsy

HkaMkj Hkwfe ds uhps ;k cacbZmPp virVh; LVs'ku tSlsleqnzh lrg ;k fiQj vka/z izns'k] xqtjkr

bR;kfn dsleqnzh HkaMkjksaesaik, tkrsgSaA uhpsfn;k x;k ekufp=k Li"V :i lsns'kHkj esaiQSysdPps

rsy dsikbi ykbuksadksn'kkZrk gSA

lzksr % www.mapsofindia.com

fp=k&3


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^rsy ,oaxSl tuZy* dsvuqlkj o"kZ2014 dh 'kq:vkr esaHkkjr dsikl izekf.kr rsy HkaMkj 5-7

fcfy;u vjc cSjy Fkk tksfd ,f'k;k iSflfiQd esanwljk lclscM+k FkkA blds136 rsy {ks=k gSaA buesa

lsT;knkrj HkaMkj xqtjkr] egkjk"VvkSj jktLFkku tSlsns'k dsif'peh HkkxksaesagSaA tSlk fd le;

k`a[kyk xzkiQ n'kkZrk gS] gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk esadPpsrsy dk ,d cgqr cM+k fgLlk fudyrk gS] fiQj Hkh;g ?kjsywvko';drkvksadksiwjk djusdsfy, i;kZIr ughagSA o"kZ2003 ls2013 dschp dPpsrsy

dk mRiknu T;knk c


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'kq#vkr ls gh Hkkjr dh tula[;k rsth ls 'kgjksa dh vksj c


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izfr cSjy varjkZ"Vh; dPpsrsy dh dherksadk o"kZ&okj vkSlr

fp=k&6

dPpsrsy dh ekStwnk dher izfr cSjy 120 MkWyj lsvf/d gSvkSj bldsmQij tkusdh mEehn gSA

;fn ,d fuekZrk ds:i esavkius,d dPpk eky vk;kr fd;k Fkk vkSj mldsckn bldsvk;kr dh

ykxr c


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lfClMh D;k gS\

lfClMh ykxr dksde djus;k [kir dksizksRlkfgr djusdsek;e lsmRiknu dksc


10/25

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fp=k&8

;g n'kkZrk gSfd 2005&06 esau dsoy ljdkj dslfClMh fcy esaof gqbZgS] cfYd isVksfy;e dks

nh xbZlfClMh dsvuqikr esa Hkh Hkkjh of gqbZgSA ljdkj }kjk 2009&10 ls2011&12 rd rsy

foi.ku daifu;ksa(OMCs)dks#i;s1]50]500 djksM+dh udn {kfriwfrZdh xbZgSA ;g {kfriwfrZrsy

foi.ku daifu;ksadksisVksy] Mhty o vU; mRikn Hkkjh lfClMkbM nj ij cspusdsfy, nh tkrh gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, 2012&13 ds igys DokVZj esa izfr cSjy dPps rsy dh dher $109-82 Fkh vkSj

daifu;ksa}kjk izfr cSjy $56 dh NwV nh xbZA vr% mUgsaizfr cSjy $53-82 dh gkfu mBkuh iM+hA

ckkkj ewY; lsde ij mRiknksadh fcozQh }kjk fd, x, bl rjg dsuqdlkuksadh HkjikbZdksvUMj

fjdojh (U;wu izfrykHk) dgk tkrk gS (U;wu izfrykHk ckkkj ewY; vkSj iz'kkflr ewY; ds chp

varj)A ljdkj c


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bl uhfr dsykHk gSa%

lfClMh ij ljdkjh cks> esadVkSrhA o"kZ2012&13 dsfy, rsy ij lfClMh dh ykxr 43]580

djksM+#i;svuqekfur gSaA bl vfrfjDr [kpZdksLokLF; ,oaf'k{kk {ks=k ij yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

OMCdksmudsU;wu izfrykHk dh izkfIr esalgk;d djukA

ESSAR,fjyka;l bR;kfn tSlh futh daifu;ksadks vc lkoZtfud {ks=k ds OMCdh iz'kkflr

dherksa] tksfd OMCdh T;knk j{kk ughadjrh gSa] dslkFk izfrLi/kZdjusdsfy, ,d lery

vk/kj Hkwfe fey tk,xhA

yacsle; rd pyusokysfons'kh fuos'k esaHkh rsy ,oaisVksfy;e fcozQh rFkk fjiQkbfuax {ks=k dks

'kkfey fd, tkusdk Lokxr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

yacsle; esans'k dsvk;kr djusdh vko';drk esa deh vk,xh vkSj vk;kr fcy esaHkhA

varjkZ"Vh; ckkkj dh 'kfkQ;ksadsvuqlkj isVksy dh dherksadksj[kukA

Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dh rsy dherksadschp D;k laca/ gS\

isVksy dher dh x.kuk nqfu;k Hkj esa mldh ekx ,oavkiwfrZds dkjdksadsvk/kj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA

fons'kh vkiwfrZdrkZcsapekdZdherksaij Hkkjr esarsy foi.ku daifu;ksa(OMC)dksdPpk rsy csprsgSaA

czsaV dPPksrsy dsnSfud ewY; rFkk fjiQkbujh ds forj.k ewY; dksHkkjr esa isVksy dhokLrfod

dherdh x.kuk djusgsrqLohdkj fd;k x;k gSA

dPpsrsy ds,d cSjy esayxHkx 159 fyVj dPpk rsy vkrk gS] ftldh dher vejhdh MkWyj esa

gksrh gSA izfr fyVj ewY; dh x.kuk djusdsfy, vejhdh MkWyj esaHkqxrku dh dqy jkf'k dksHkkjh;

#i;sesaifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSvkSj fiQj mls159 fyVj lsHkkx fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,

rsy dsizfr cSjy ykxr 110$gSvkSj 200 cSjyksadk vkns'k fn;k x;k gSA lkFk gh fofue; nj #i;s

60 1$gSA rc izfr fyVj dher bl izdkj fudkyh tk,xh%

1 bbl x 110$izfr = 110$

#i;s60 = 1$;k 110$ x 60 = 6600#i;k

dher izfr fyVj = 6600/159 =# 41.509izfr fyVj


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[kjhnusdsckn dPPkk rsy Hkkjr esafjiQkbufj;ksard igqpk;k tkrk gSA orZeku le; esaHkkjr dsikl

yxHkx 20 fjiQkbufj;kgSaA fiQj dPPkk rsy bu fjIkQkbufj;ksadsvklou Vkojksa esafofHkUu mRiknksaesa

foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] tSlsisVksy] dksyrkj bR;kfnA 'kks/u vkSj vklou dh ykxr Hkh isVksy dh

dher esatksM+h tkrh gSA canjxkg lsfjIkQkbujh rd dsdLVe ysoh ,oa'kqYd dks Hkh blesatksM+ktkrk gSA vc vyx fd;k isVksy rsy daifu;kasds HkaMkj.k VSadksaesa HkaMkj.k ds fy, rS;kj gSA rsy

daifu;kvc fjiQkbujh dksHkqxrku djrh gSavkSj fjiQkbujh lsOMCVSad rd isVksy dh ifjogu

dher tksM+h tkrh gSA blfy, miHkksDrk }kjk Hkqxrku fd, x, okLrfod ewY; esamijksDr lHkh ykxr

rFkk ,d Mhyj dk deh'ku] oSV] mRikn 'kqYd] dqy 'kqYd vkSj dj 'kkfey gSaA

bl izdkj isVksy dk ewY; ,d ykxr ewY; gSftlesamldh miyC/rk fjiQkbujh] foi.ku rFkk dsaUnz

,oajkT; dj Hkh 'kkfey gSaA eku yhft, ;fn psUUkbZesaizfr fyVj isVksy dh dher 51-90 #i;k gSrks;gkljdkj }kjk x.kuk dh xbZdherksadk fo'ys"k.k lq>kfor gS%&

vk/kj ewY; 21-93 #i;k izfrfyVj

mRikn 'kqYd 14-35 #i;k

f'k{kk 'kqYd 0-43 #i;k

forjd deh'ku 1-05 #i;k

oSV 5-5 #i;k

dPPksrsy dh dLVe M~;wVh 1-1 #i;k

isVksy dLVe 1-54 #i;k


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fp=k&9 (d) fp=k&9 ([k)

mQij fn, dkVwZuksadksnsf[k,] bu dkVZwu dks ns[kdj vki D;k le>rsgSa\ D;k ;snksuksadkVZwu lacaf/r

gSa;snksuksdkVwZu isVksy] Mhty rFkk CNGdh cuk dfBu gksrk tk jgk gS fd ;sdhersaD;ksac


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ftl le; miHkksDrk isVksy dh dherksaij Hkkjh djk/ku lsijs'kku gSBhd mlh le; Hkkjr dh rsy

daifu;kvius ykHk ds fy, la?k"kZdjrh fn[k jgh gSaA Hkkjr esa b/u dk ewY; fu/kZj.k] 'kkfey

fofHkUu laLFkkvksadschp gksusokyh ,d tfVy izfozQ;k gSA LFkkuh; Lrj ij b/u dj esadh tkus

okyh deh] b/u dh dher dksde dj ldrh gSA ,d jkT; lsnwljsjkT; esaisVksy ;k Mhty ijyxusokysoSV ;k ewY; lacaf/r djksaesafHkUurk gksrh gSvkSj ;gh ns'kHkj esaisVksy dh dherksaesagksus

okysvarj ds izkFkfed dkj.k gSaA isVksy ij oSV dsek;e lsmRiUu jktLo dks jkT;ksads Hkhrj

fodkl dsfy, mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g jkT;ksadsvk/kj ij 15 vkSj 33 dschp cnyrk

gSftudk fd bl ij iwjk fu;a=k.k gksrk gSA bldsfy, mUgsadqN fu.kZ; djuspkfg,A jkT; pkgsrks

oSV dh dherksadksc


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dksHkh izksRlkfgr djuk& tSls fd b/u izHkkoh iai lsV dksc


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uewuk iz'u

1- VSfiQd ykbV dksflaozQksukbk djuk ;k futh okguksadh vis{kk lkoZtfud okgu dk mi;ksx djuk

rFkk ?kjsyw[kir dsfy, lkSj iSuyksadk fodkl djuk D;ksavko';d gS\ vkSfpR; crkb,A 5

vad ;kstuk %;g mQtkZdkscpkusdsfy, vko';d gSA ;fn lHkh VSfiQd ykbV dksflaozQksukbk

dj fn;k tk,xk rksVSfiQd ykbV ij bartkj djusokysokguksa}kjk cckZn fd, tk jgsb/u dks

de dj ldrsgSaA blh rjg] ;fn ge lpsr gksdj LdwVj] dkj] eksVjlkbfdy tSlsfuth okguksa

dsctk; lkoZtfud okguksadk mi;ksx djrsgSarksbllsb/u dh cpr gksrh gSA ;fn ge vius

?kjksaesaizdk'k dh O;oLFkk] ghfVax] diM+k /ksusvkSj BaMk djusdsfy, lkSj iSuyksami;ksx djrsgSa

rksfctyh mRiUu djusdsfy, bLrseky fd, tkusokysthok'e b/uksadksdkiQh cpk ldrsgSaA

(lexzewY;kadu] 5 vad)

2- uhpsfn, x, dkVwZu dk v;;u dhft, rFkk bldsizHkko dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A 5

vad ;kstuk %mQij fn;k x;k dkVwZu ;g fn[kkrk gSfd dSlsfodkl'khy ns'kksadks nqfu;k esa

c


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eqDr IkkB~; lkexzh

vFkZ'kkL=k (030)

2- fo"k; % iatkc esafdlkuksadh n'kk dk foospukRed fo'ys"k.k

izLrkouk

d`f"k {ks=k dksvkfFkZd fodkl dk batu ekuk x;k gSA iatkc dh vFkZO;oLFkk eq[;r% df"k vk/kfjr

gSA ;g gfjr ozQkfUr dk vxznwr jgk gSA blsd`f"k dh n`f"V lsmUUkr jkT; dgk x;k gSA ysfdu gfjr

ozQkfUr dk ykHk vf/drj cM+sfdlkuksadksgh feyk gSA bldsfoijhr lhekUr fdlku xjhch dsekjs

gq, gSaA iatkc esafdlku iQlyksadh cckZnh] fdlkuh esafujarj ?kkVk] fcozQh dh ?kfV;k O;OkLFkk] .k

nkrkvksadk ncko] vf/d ykxr rFkk NksVh&NksVh tksrksavkfn tSlh leL;kvksalstw> jgsgSaA d`f"k vcykHknk;d O;kikj ughajg x;k gSA fdlku dtZdsHkkjh cks> lsncsgSaA foxr nksn'kdksaesavusd

fdlkuksadks vkREkgR;k,djuh iM+h gSaA ;g o`k v;;u iatkc ds fdlkuksadh nqnZ'kk ds dkj.kksa dk

v;;u djusdk ,d iz;kl gSA

nh?kkZfof/ dsvkfFkZd fodkl dh yM+kbZd`f"k ds{ks=k esgh thrh vkSj gkjh tk,xhA

izksIkQslj xqUUkkj feMZy] ukscy iqjLdkj fotsrk

iatkc dkslkekU;r;k Hkkjr ds^vUUk dk dVksjk* dgk tkrk gSA iatkc dh vFkZO;oLFkk d`f"kd jgh gSA

;g [kk| inkFkksZdsmRiknu esavkRefuHkZj jgk gSA blh dkj.k blslkekU;r% Hkkjrh;ksadh ^jksVh dh

Vksdjh* dgk tkrk gSA iatkc Hkkjr ds HkkSxksfyd {ks=kiQy dk dsoy 1-57 gSvkSj ;g dsUnzh; vukt

HkaMkj esa50 lsvf/d dsvukt dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA jk"Vh; vkSlr 40-38 dh rqyuk esaiatkc

esa83 lsvf/d Hkwfe esa[ksrh dh tkrh gSA gfjr ozQkfUr dsnkSjku df"k ds vk/qfud midj.kksa dk

mi;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj iatkc] Hkkjr dsvU; jkT;ksa dsfy, vuqdj.kh; cu x;kA gfjr ozQkfUr dh ubZizkS|ksfxfd;ksalsmRiknu vkSj mRikndrk dh o`f ds:i esavkfFkZd ykHk gqvkA

ysfdu vkt iatkc ikfjfLFkfrd n`f"V lscgqr nq%[k >sy jgk gSA d`f"k dsu, izk:i dsdkj.k jkT; esa

ikuh] jklk;fud moZjdksa] dhVuk'kdksavkSj isLV ukf'k;ksadh ekax cM+h rsth lsc


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ikuh dh deh] ty&Hkjko] e`nk fuEuhdj.k vkSj LokLF; laca/h tSlh vusd leL;k,iSnk gksxbZgSaA

fdlku dtZesaflj lsysdj iko rd Mwcsgq, gSaA

c


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lzksr % http://punjabimohalla.com/drought-situation-in-punjab-state-demands-special-package/

fp=k&1

2- NksVh tksrsa %tksrsaNksVh gksrh tk jgh gSaA oa'kkxr Hkwfe lHkh lxsHkkbZ&cguksaesacV tkrh gS]

ftl dsifj.kkeLo:i tksrsaNksVh gkstkrh gSaA NksVh tksrksaesamRiknu ykHkizn O;kikj ughagSvkSj

bldsifj.kkeLo:i de vk; gksrh gSA blhfy, NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlkuksadksxjhch esa fnu

xqtkjusij etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA ;gh dHkh&dHkh mudh vkRegR;k dk dkj.k Hkh cu tkrk gSA

3- vuko';d .k %NksVh tksrksa esad`f"k ds egxsvk/qfud midj.k [kjhnuk mfpr ugha gS

ysfdu lkekftd ck;rk vkSj izn'kZu dh gksM+esaiatkc dsvkSj lhekUr fdlku Hkh vuko';d

:i lsd`f"k midj.kksadh [kjhn esayxsjgrsgSa] Hkysgh osbUgsa[kjhnusesaleFkZvkSj l{ke u

gksaA buds fy, osvuko';d m/kj ysysrsgSaHkysgh NksVh tksrksavkSj de mRiknu dsdkj.k os

m/kj pqdkusesavleFkZgksaA

4- fxjrk ty Lrj %iatkc esaeq[;r% xsgwvkSj pkoy iSnk fd;k tkrk gSA pkoy dh [ksrh ds

fy, Hkkjh ek=kk esaikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA 'kL;korZu esade #fp gksusdsdkj.k] ogk

pkoy&xsgwdsvkorZu dh ,d iQlyh [ksrh dh tkrh gSA budksvf/d ikuh dh t+:jr gksrh

gS] ftldsifj.kkeLo:i iatkc esatyLrj uhpsfxj jgk gSA fiNysn'kd esae;orhZiatkc ds


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ty Lrj esaizfro"kZ-55 ehVj dh fxjkoV gksjgh gSA iatkc dsdqN LFkkuksaesaHkw&ty dk Lrj

0-75 lsysdj 1 ehVj izfro"kZdh nj lsfxjk gSA (ghjk vkSj [kSjk 2004) ty Lrj esafxjkoV

dsdkj.k fdlkuksadksi;kZIr ikuh dsfy, uy&dwiksadksvkSj xgjk djuk iM+jgk gSA fp=k&1

esaiatkc ds,d O;fFkr fdlku dksviuslw[kkxzLr [ksr esafn[kk;k x;k gSA

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vkSj m/kj nsusesacSadksdh tfVy vkSipkfjdrkvksadsdkj.k fdlku egktuksavkSj vk


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lzksr % http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2767170/MY-BIZ-Farmers-set-harvest-bumper-Basmati-crop-despite-drought-Punjab.html

fp=k&29- lkekftd dkjd %blesa'kknh&C;kg vkSj lkekftd mRloksavkfn ij gksusokyk [kpZ'kkfey

gSA ;g lPPkkbZgSfd fdlku dqy .k dk 53 .k vuqRiknd dk;ksZdsfy, ysrsgSaA ;gh

ughalkekftd ck;rkvksadsdkj.k os'kkfn;ksaij fo'kky edku cukus] egxh dkj vkfn [kjhnus

ij [kqysgkFkksa[kpZdjrsgSaA bldk ifj.kke gksrk gSfdlkuksaij Hkkjh vkfFkZd cks>A ij fn,

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gksrk vkSj blhfy, osxjhch dspaxqy esaiQldj thusdksetcwj gkstkrsgSaA fuj{kjrk dsdkj.kfdlku jkstxkj dsvU; {ks=kksaesa tkus yk;d Hkh ugh gSaA ;fn dqN i


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fofHkUUk lekpkj i=kksaesalekpkj

nks.kxzLr fdlkuksausdh vkRegR;k

&ebZ22] 2014 (HkfVaMk] iatkc) ,pVhlh fgUnqLrku VkbEl

Ikatkc esaizfr nksfnu esarhu fdlku vkRegR;k dj jgsgSaA

&ebZ26] 2014 (paMhx


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.k u ykSVk ikusdsdkj.k vkRegR;k djusokysfdlkuksadsifjokj dslnL;ksaus] jkT; ljdkj ds

f[kykiQ esaftyk iz'kklu Hkou dsckgj /juk fn;kA

iatkc jkT; dsvykok egkjk"V] vksfM'kk] dukZVd] dsjy vkSj vk/z izns'k tSls jkT;ksaesa Hkh fdlku

vkRegR;k,dj jgsgSaA jk"Vh; vijk/ fjdkMZC;wjks(2010) dsvuqlkj Hkkjr esalu~1995 esa10]720

fdlkuksausrFkk lu~2000 esa16]603 fdlkuksausavkRegR;k,dhaA vkdM+scrkrsgSafd o"kZ2005 esa

dqy 17]131 fdlkuksausvkRegR;k,dhavkSj o"kZ2010 esa15]964 fdlkuksausvkRegR;k,dhaA bl

izdkj 1995 lsysdj 2010 rd dqy 2]56]913 fdlku vkRegR;k,dj pqdsgSaA

fu"d"kZ%fdlkuksadh bl nqnZ'kk ls ns'k esa df"k&xzkeh.k fodkl ;kstukvksadh ladYiuk ij iz'ufp

yx tkrk gSd`f"k jk"Vh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh iks"kd gS] ysfdu vkt Hkh ;g lclsvf/d misf{kr gSA

fdlkuksa}kjk dh tkusokyh vkRegR;kvksadh c dksde djusds fy, fdlkuksadks Msjh o`Qf"k]

eNyh ikyu] e/qeD[kh ikyu] eqxhZikyu tSls fozQ;k dykiksadksviukusds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k

tkuk pkfg,A bu lc dk;ksZdsfy, vkfFkZd lgk;rk vkSj de C;kt njksaij .k dh lqfo/k iznku

djuh pkfg,A udnh iQlyksatSlsdikl] xUUkk vkSj [kk| rsyksaij fo'ks"k ;ku nsusdh k:jr gSA


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vk/kj xzUFk %

fuEufyf[kr ksrksalsbl v;;u dsfy, lkexzh tqVkbZxbZgS]

ghjk th-,l- vkSj [kSjk ds-,y- (2000) Water Resource Management in Punjab under

Rice-Wheat Production System,'kks/ i=k] iatkc d`f"k fo'o fo|ky; yqf/;kukA

jk"Vh; vijk/ fjdkMZC;wjks(2010)

bf.M;u ,Dliszl High Inputs Affecting Farmers Profit Margin

bf.M;u ,Dlizsl] p.Mhx


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d`f"k {ks=k ij xqtkjsdscks> dksde djusdsfy, fdlkuksadksnq/k: i'kqikyu lgk;d

fozQ;kdyki] eNyh ikyu] e/qeD[kh ikyu] eqxhZikyu tSlsviukusds fy, izksRlkfgr

djuk pkfg,A

fo|kfFkZ;ksads}kjk fyf[kr dksbZvU; izklafxd rdZA (lexzewY;kadu] 5 vad)

2- viusjkT; eas fdlkuksa dh n'kk ij ,d foospukRed fVIi.kh fyf[k,A fo|kfFkZ;ksadksviusjkT;

dsfdlkuksadh n'kk dsfo"k; esafy[kuk pkfg, %

vki ds jkT; esa dkSu lh iQlysaiSnk dh tkrh gSa\ D;k fdlkuksa dks viuh iQlyksadk

mfpr ewY; fey ikrk gS\

D;k fdlku d`f"k lsgksusokyh viuh vk; lslarq"V gSa\ ;fn ugharksD;ksa\

D;k vkidsjkT; esafdlkuksadksde C;kt nj ij vklkuh ls.k fey tkrk gS\

vkidsjkT; esafdlkuksadksfdu eq[; ksrksals.k miyC/ gS\

fo|kfFkZ;ksa}kjk fyf[kr dksbZvU; izkalfxd rdZA (lexzewY;kadu] 5 vad)

CBSE OTBA Material for Class 11 Economics in Hindi

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Transcript of CBSE OTBA Material for Class 11 Economics in Hindi