World Meteorological OrganizationCommission for Basic SystemsTechnical Conference Geneva, Switzerland, 26 - 29 March, 2018

CBS TECO 2018/Inf. 3Submitted by:

Secretariat6.Mar.2018

DRAFT 2

LIST OF POSTERS AND APPROVED PAPERS

(Submitted by the Secretariat)

SUMMARY AND PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT

The document provides the list of Posters and Approved Papers as submitted by authors to the Conference.

____________Appendices: 1. List of Approved Posters and Papers

2. Abstracts

APPENDIX 1LIST OF APPROVED POSTERS AND PAPERS

Note: Please refer to Abstract ID to look for specific abstract in Appendix 2.

Abstract Id

Title Author(S) Topic area1

1788 Exploration and Application of Meteorological Data Service System Method Based on Cloud Platform

Chen Yefeng, Yang Ming(for correspondence)

IM

1794 Assessment of selected global models in short range forecasting over West Africa: Case study of Senegal

Mr Sadibou Ba GD

1796 Implementation and update of UPPER AIR observing system Zeinab Sayed Fahmy WIGOS1798 Improving the hydrometeorological servicing in Ukraine through introducing

modern information and computing technologiesViacheslav Manukalo SD

1810 The challenges of new Regional Basic Observation Network on the Regional Association III

Jorge Chira WIGOS

1812 Comparison of daily sums of precipitation from manual measurements and from AWOS

Aleksandar Karanfilovski, HMS Macedonia

CD

1818 Capacity Development in Observing of upper air Zeinab Sayed Fahmy CD1822 Case Study: Assessment of a pilot PPP tailored weather services project towards

operationalizing an Information Technology System Maintenance and Upkeep Program

Marlon Noel and Kenneth Kerr

EI

1824 Data Quality Evaluation of Chinese Wind Profile Radar Network WU Lei, YANG Xinrui, LI Ruiyi, ZHANG Ran

WIGOS

1IM: Information ManagementGD: Global Data Processing and Forecasting SystemWIGOS: WMO Integrated Global Observing SystemSD: Service DeliveryEI: Emergency Data Issues and Engagement with the Private SectorCD: Capacity Development

Abstract Id

Title Author(S) Topic area

1826 Databases of detailed information on gauging stations as the information annex of WHOS and the hydrological component of WIGOS (the experience of Roshydromet)

Shevchenko Artem WIGOS

1828 Application of GIS and Big Data in Assessing Impact of Severe Weather PAN Chi-kin EI1830 An Integrated System of Meteorological and Aeronautical Information Ms.Wattana Singtuy IM1832 Weather Warning System by Stream Processing Rainfall and Wind Speed Sensor

DataMustafa SERT EI

1834 Detecting Cloud Coverage Using Meteorological Satellite Products Nurullah Bilgin EI1836 WMO IPT-SWeISS Activities Xiaoxin Zhang GD1840 Observations (radiation and frost) by Machine Learning with Big Data CHOI Chulwoon EI1854 National Early Warning Releasing System of China PAN Jinjun EI1858 Innovative exploration of open social application of meteorological big data CHEN Donghui IM1860 Latest progress of CMA S2S: data service and application HU Xing SD1862 Observation Strategy on Yangtze River Delta Region and Its Impact Study HE Xiaochuan IM1864 Evaluation on the Assimilation of China Surface Weather Observation Data in

Numerical Weather Prediction ModelLIU Mengjuan CD

1866 Supporting MICAPS: China’s Massive Meteorological Data Real-time Processing and Storage System

WANG Ruotong CD

1868 JMA Launches International HimawariRequest Service Based on Himawari-8/9 Target Area Observation

Ryo Yoshida WIGOS

1870 Big data opportunities in high-impact public and aviation weather at the Hong Kong Observatory

K.K. Hon EI

1872 Southeast Asian Radar Network Koichiro Kakihara WIGOS1876 Opportunities and challenges of using crowd and privately sourced observations in

global NWPMohamed Dahoui WIGOS

1878 Capacity Development in Observing of Sounding System in Egypt Zeinab Sayed Fahmy CD1882 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OSCAR/SURFACE METADATA PLATFORM IN THE

NATIONAL METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY SERVICE OF PERUNoelia Mia Goicochea Diaz and Clara

WIGOS

Abstract Id

Title Author(S) Topic area

Altemira Oria Rojas1888 A new way to monitor the current weather by community participation in social

networksMuhammad Elsayed Ahmmad Elkarfous

EI

1890 China Meteorological Metrology Support System and RIC-Beijing Meteorological Metrology Service Among RIC II Countries

BianZeqiang SD

1900 Design and Research on Weather Real-time Reporting System BianZeqiang EI1904 Integration of observation networks in the Russian Federation and CIS countries.

Current state and prospectsAlexander Gusev, Eugeniy Vjazilov (Roshydromet)

WIGOS

1914 Weather and Climate Observation and Data Processing System in Croatia and its Modernization

Krešo Pandžić IM

APPENDIX 2ABSTRACTS

Abstract ID: 1788Title: Exploration and Application of Meteorological Data Service System Method Based on Cloud PlatformAuthor(s): Chen Yefeng (China), Yang Ming (China)Topic area: IMIn order to meet the demand for massive meteorological data storage and meteorological services, cloud theory and cloud technology have been used to analyze and solve the outstanding meteorological developing problems. Zhejiang Province as one of the pilot provinces for constructing the distributed meteorological cloud large data system has carried out the research of meteorological data service method based on cloud platform. This paper describes the basic design ideas, the basic cloud platform architecture and functional structure for meteorological applications, and expounds the basic data usage environment of the cloud platform, which is based on the cloud platform. The platform is composed of data collection and distribution system, data processing system, data storage management system, data sharing service system and service data flow monitoring system, which undertakes data collection, processing, storage management, shared service and business monitoring tasks. The system design and development of meteorological data cloud platform storage strategy, meteorological data exchange mechanism, distributed meteorological processing operations program, component visual design and unified access to data sharing service design. The system provides experimental exploration and application solutions for the meteorological service proposal.

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Abstract ID: 1794Title: Assessment of selected global models in short range forecasting over West Africa: Case study of SenegalAuthor(s): Mr Sadibou Ba (Senegal)Topic area: GDAbstract: Over the past decade, flooding has been increasingly frequent in the Sahel, especially during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010. More recently during the summer season of 2012, devastating flood events have been recorded in Senegal, causing widespread severe damages including the loss of life and property, and the displacement of several people. It became increasingly apparent that the frequency of extreme events is associated with global warming. Severe floods in West Africa are associated mainly with meso-scale thunderstorms and squall lines. Forecasting such severe weather to reduce the risk of hazards is one of the challenges faced by many National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). However, recent progress in numerical weather prediction, the acquisition of new equipments and collaboration with the international community through capacity building and training led to improvement of the quality of the forecasts and to development of early warning systems. This presentation contains inter-comparison studies using selected Global models (ECWMF, GFS, UKMET) and attempts to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each model with respect to three rainfall events. Thus, the results of this preliminary work indicate the importance of the use of ensemble forecast system in West Africa. We will focus also the role of the ensemble forecast for the success of the SWFDP-West Africa (Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project).Keywords: Weather hazard, Global Model, Ensemble Forecast, SWFDP.

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Abstract ID: 1796Title: Implementation and update of UPPER AIR observing systemAuthor(s): Zeinab Sayed Fahmy (Egypt)Topic area: WIGOSWe will use the Radiosonde like Radiosonde and dropsonde together ,In upper air observation system with radiosonde with GPS we will observe the data from the Radiosonde up and down . Then Instead of dropping the Radiosounde and balloon after the balloon Brest by wheel of gravity and the observations stop.We added suitable Parachute to carry them and fall at a rate of about 4 m/sec Thus the system continue to observe data and send it ups and downs until radiosonde arrived to the ground .

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Abstract ID: 1798Title: Improving the hydrometeorological servicing in Ukraine through introducing modern information and computing technologiesAuthor(s): Viacheslav Manukalo (Ukraine)Topic area: SDA set of measures for developping the State Hydrometeorological Service is considered in the Strategy for the Development of Hydrometeorological Activity in Ukraine for the period up to 2025. These measures should ensure the solution of systemic problems in the field of hydrometeorological activity, in particular, to take into account the balance of interests of the state, business and society interested in obtaining timely and qualitative hydrometeorological information and products.Developping technologies for collecting, processing and disseminating hydrometeorological information and products to end-users is one of key elements of this activity. The implementation of these measures involves the widespread using modern information and computing technologies such as Big data, Internet of things, Cloud Computing.At present the State Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine carries out a study on the state of Service's preparedness for introducing modern information and computing technologies. The following issues are studied: quantitative and qualitative state of observation network, especially the state of automation of observations and information gathering; state of systems for transmitting information from observation networks to regional and national centers of forecasting and user's servicing; available technical and software tools for processing and presenting information for next using; qualification level of specialists; needs of end-users.Study results will be summarized and compared with the relevant experience of hydrometeorological services advanced in the technological development, as well as with WMO recommendations. This will give an opportunity: identify existing opportunities and problems in operation of the Hydrometeorological Service; develop optimal solutions for implementing modern information and computing technologies, as well as the Plan of measures for their implementation for the next 3 years take measures to improve a professional level of specialists; estimate necessary financial resources and apply to the Government with a request to finance these works.

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Abstract ID: 1810Title: The challenges of new Regional Basic Observation Network on the Regional Association IIIAuthor(s): Jorge Chira (Peru)Topic area: WIGOSAccording to decision 21 taken by 69th Executive Congress of World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the new Regional Basic Observations Network (RBON) will be created, which will be mainly made up of the Regional Basic Sinoptic Network (RBSN) and Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN), but with new functions. It is expected that this new network will provide better services and It will allow regional observing capabilities to be fully exploited, however, although the RBSN and RBCN on the Regional Association III (RA III) have improved their performance with respect to previous years, there are still some challenges on the National Meteorological and Hydrological Weather Services (NMHSs) that must be solved in order that the RBON meets the expected objectives.In some NMHSs of the RA III, as in the case of Peru, there are institutions linked to the aeronautical sector whose interests currently are not necessarily aligned with the plans of NMHSs and WMO and those that have allowed in the past the conformation of the RBSN and RBCN networks with stations of their own networks. This coupled with the lack of WIGOS Regional Center that help to implement WIGOS National Plan, makes the implementation of the future Regional Basic Observations Network a challenge for these NMHSs.This presentation attempts to draw some of the key issues and to give some suggestions for the future development of RBON in the RA III

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Abstract ID: 1812Title: Comparison of daily sums of precipitation from manual measurements and from AWOSAuthor(s): Aleksandar Karanfilovski ( HMS Macedonia)Topic area: CDIn this text is presented a comparison of the daily rainfall sums obtained by manual measurements and by AWOS. For Manual measurements is used Hellman raingauge. On AWOS is used Total Rain weighing Sensor TRwS214. Boot sensors are with orifice area 200 cm2. Sensors are installed on meteorological station, with coordinates: latitude= 41.7025 deg., longitude=20.7572 deg. and elevation 1281 m. A series of data from the manual station is more than 70 years long. In August 2014 at the same location was installed AWOS. The period of parallel measurements is shorter than the period recommended in the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No8, 2014) (60 months of parallel measurements for rain). However, we made a preliminary comparison of data obtained by manual measurement and from AWOS.The analysis used data between 01.08.2014 and 31.01.2018. In a total of 1279 days, there are 477 days of rainfall and 631 without rainfall. Bias between manual measurements (Qhr) and data from AWOS (Qtrw) is in interval (-186 / 16.5) mm. Almost 91 % from bias population is between -3 mm and 3 mm. In this interval are 69.8 % from total Qhr and 68.4 % from Qtrw.When is used data from all days with precipitation without any filtering, , linear equation of regression is obtained : Qhr =1.0172*Qtrw and coefficient of correlation, R² = 0.9662.From total 477 days wit precipitation, in 319 days Qhr>Qtrw. With this data, linear equation of regression is Qhr = 1.0825* Qtrw and coefficient of correlation, R² = 0.9912.But in there is also 121 days when Qhr<Qtrw. With this data, linear equation of regression is Qhr = 0.8292 * Qtrw and coefficient of correlation, R² = 0. 9401.And in 37 from total 477 days, Qhr=Qtrw.Unfortunately, the results indicate that the connection between Qhr and Qtrw is ambiguous.Further measurements are needed.

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Abstract ID: 1818Title: Capacity Development in Observing of upper airAuthor(s): Zeinab Sayed Fahmy (Egypt)Topic area: CDEgyptian Meteorological Authority EMA have 6 upper air stations which used two kinds of Sounding Systems The DigiCORA ® Sounding System MW31 with the Radiotheodolite RT20A and GPS wind finding ( Vaisala ) and Modem SR 10 GPS with M10 Radio Sonde .Small number of Radio Sonde stations can provide an essential benefit to all the users . In this paper We will compare between the different of observations from Vaisala Radio Sonde RS 92 GPS and Modem Radio Sonde M10 GPS for elements of Relative Humidity and wind .Egyptian Meteorological Authority ( EMA ) began to open again the 4 upper air stations to work with a new development technology for Upper air ground stations in 2018 by Modem SR 10 GPS with M10 Radio Sonde .So The Re-activate silent Radio Sonde stations , in the data sparse areas of regions which have the poorest data coverage Africa are very important .So we make all possible effort to avoid closing of existing stations in Egypt , the available data of wind has been analyzed and We found that the loosing of upper wind strong relationship with the seasons by using RDF system so we explain how to avoid and solve this problems by using new development and operational experience .the available data of Relative humidity has been analyzed and We found that the difference of Relative humidity data for the Radio Sond e decrease for desert stations . We use DigicoraIII dual-mode GPS/RDF wind finding and Modem GPS data for M10 Radio Sonde data Comparison flights executed in Marsa Matrouh , Asswan ,Helwan stations in Egypt .during 2010 to 2017 by the EMA(Submitted by Zeinab Sayed Fahmy) Manager of upper air and surface of observation stations in EgyptMember, CBS Inter Programme Expert Team on Observing System Design and Evolution

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Abstract ID: 1822Title: Case Study: Assessment of a pilot PPP tailored weather services project towards operationalizing an Information Technology System Maintenance and Upkeep ProgramAuthor(s): Marlon Noel and Kenneth Kerr (Trinidad and Tobago)Topic area: EIThe Trinidad and Tobago Meteorological Service (TTMS) has challenges from competition within and outside the local weather enterprise. These challenges can be eased by engaging in Public Private Partnerships (PPP). This case study assesses the approach used in a recent piloted PPP project explored by the TTMS to reciprocate potential revenue generated by operationalizing an Information Technology System Maintenance and Upkeep Program. In the venture, the private company will use the TTMS’s brand, authority and visibility as the Government’s authority on weather, to provide legitimacy and confidence in the products developed. The PPP will also be underpinned by data from the TTMS’s established network of surface automatic weather stations to aid with providing product quality, legitimacy and advantage, over competing entities. In engaging the TTMS, the company used a product discovery method with a bottom up approach without engaging the parent Ministry. The method adopted may not have been the best approach. The readiness of the TTMS to engage in a PPP initiative was tested and found to be wanting. The TTMS had to yield to the sympathy of its parent Ministry for permission to engage. The company’s request of signing a non-disclosure agreement was seen as problematic and led to limited transparency, cautiousness in disclosing details and the company being viewed as being opportunistic. The TTMS’s capacity to engage in careful analysis of the advantages and risks of the venture and effectively dialogue in marketing and placing value on climate services generation was inadequate. On the positive side, in terms of climate services, the PPP has the potential to facilitate private sector investment in strengthening the TTMS’s Information and Communication Technologies capacity and national observation network. The TTMS’s governance framework challenged its ease of doing business within a PPP framework, but it has learnt a number of lessons.

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Abstract ID: 1824Title: Data Quality Evaluation of Chinese Wind Profile Radar NetworkAuthor(s): WU Lei (China), YANG Xinrui (China), LI Ruiyi (China), ZHANG Ran (China)Topic area: WIGOSThis paper evaluated the data quality of the network of 92 wind profile radars in Chinese region of 2017 with the following contents: wind profile radar detection capability assessment and data accuracy assessment. In terms of detection capability, the valid detection height of 92 wind profile radars from January to November was statistically analyzed, and the valid detection height of over 85% of the wind profile radars of the whole network met the design value. The main reasons causing non-compliance of the effective detection height were system failure and low system performance. The data of 83 wind profile radars in November 2017 was picked up to be compared with the GRAPES background field. The standard deviations of U and V components of 11 stations were more than 5m/s, and the standard deviations of U and V components of other stations were all within 3.15m/s. The main reasons leading to the poor accuracy of data quality mainly were system failure, system observation parameter setting error, data not meeting the requirements and so on. In the future, China will improve data quality by strengthening operations management and improving data quality control algorithms.

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Abstract ID: 1826Title: Databases of detailed information on gauging stations as the information annex of WHOS and the hydrological component of WIGOS (the experience of Roshydromet)Author(s): Shevchenko Artem (Russian Federation)Topic area: WIGOSSince the beginning of the existence hydrometric network of Roshydromet, for each gauging station there was a document - technical passport (TP) - with a detailed description of the information about the gauging station, including the entire history of the changes. The document included: the main information of gauging station (catchment area, the name of the watercourse and location, the coordinates, information the system of elevation marks, etc.), information about equipment and sensors of gauging station; schematic plan of gauging station on location; program and terms of observation; estimation of errors in measuring; anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and the regime of the river on gauging station location and much more. Most of the information in this document is contained like text description.The content of the TP was structured and formalized for presentation as a set of spreadsheets. At present, work is under way to manually digitize the TP into spreadsheets.On the basis of digitized information is created a single centralized database (DB) of detailed information about gauging stations. The DB is necessary for an estimation of reliability of the received data of observation and planning of works on modernization of means and methods of observation. The database is planned to store metadata about the types of data and observation periods available at all gauging stations ever operating in the territory of the Russian Federation.To describe the composition of the gauging station, the principles used in the international standard ISO 10303 for describing the composition of the product was borrowed. This standard regulates the logical structure of the database, the nomenclature of information objects stored in the database, their attributes and connections. This makes it possible to describe the complex composition of a gauging station using a set of information objects and makes it possible to easily modify the description of the gouging station without changing the database schema and software.To access the database information, a prototype of an information system with a web interface (www.hydrometpoints.ru) was developed. In the next 2 years, the DB is planned to be filled with information on all existing and closed gauging stations of Roshydromet, and develop tools for its remote editing. The database can later become a data provider for the WMO Hydrological Observing System (WHOS) and the hydrological component of WIGOS.

Roshydromet,RIHMI-WDC_______________

Abstract ID: 1828Title: Application of GIS and Big Data in Assessing Impact of Severe WeatherAuthor(s): PAN Chi-kin (Hong Kong, China)Topic area: EISevere weather events often pose high impacts to various sectors in a modern society, e.g. destruction of infrastructures, disruption to traffic, flooding in coastal and low-lying areas, hill fires etc. Conventionally, weather services usually rely on media footage and news reports from public sectors to ascertain the locations and extent of the actual damage/impact. In the big data era, an ever-increasing amount of weather-related information has become available from both meteorological and non-meteorological sources. One of the big challenges is: how to mine the treasure hidden under the massive heap of data and shed lights on impact of severe weather? The Hong Kong Observatory has recently got access to some non-meteorological impact data streams, e.g. incidents reports and traffic data, from external partners, which provide near-real-time impact-related information to weather forecasters to promote common situational awareness and aid decision making. In this paper, the Observatory’s exploratory attempts to visualize societal impacts brought about by severe weather events overlaid with meteorological data in a holistic manner on GIS platform will be presented. Techniques to extract key and useful information from the impact data will also be introduced. Key weather conditions and human activities that likely contribute to the observed impacts will be analyzed through cases of tropical cyclone, monsoon and dry continental airstream. Potential use in impact-based forecasting and future development directions will also be discussed.

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Abstract ID: 1830Title: An Integrated System of Meteorological and Aeronautical InformationAuthor(s): Ms.Wattana Singtuy (Thailand)Topic area: IMAn Integrated System of Meteorological and Aeronautical Information

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), under the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society, as the Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH Bangkok) and Data Collection or Product Center (DCPC Bangkok) of South East Asia has the main function to rapidly exchange meteorological data and warnings through GTS/WIS network. The area of responsibility(AoR) of RTH-Bangkok includes Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand.

Regarding to the new trend of information technology, TMD has been installing a new computer system to integrate the operations of information exchanges in Aeronautical Meteorology (AFTN/AMHS) and GTS/WIS operations complying with ICAO and WMO standards. This system adopts the hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI), virtualized computing systems to support the operations and services such as collecting observational data, creating weather map, issuing weather forecast and warnings, and providing Aeronautical Meteorology products. The project is expected to be complete in 2019. The benefits of this new technology are expected as following: 1. Reduce costs due to hardware choice, server-side economics.2.The operations become easier with fewer tasks and intelligent automation that can be managed through one tool and a unified team3. Support the big data project of Thailand with respect to the policy of The Ministry of Digital Economic and Society in order to support the disaster and water management including aviation industry

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Abstract ID: 1832Title: Weather Warning System by Stream Processing Rainfall and Wind Speed Sensor DataAuthor(s): Mustafa SERT (Turkey)Topic area: EIIn this experimental work, a prototype weather-warning system was implemented to process the streaming sensor data using big data technology mainly Spark and produce weather alarm levels according to the meteorological specifications that would support Turkish National Weather Service’s goal. The scope of the work was to demonstrate the tools and techniques to perform stream processing on rainfall and wind speed sensor data that flows from a distributed Automatic Weather Observation System (AWS) network around Turkey. We propose a weather-warning system algorithm that uses Spark which is a fast and general processing engine compatible with Hadoop. Spark is designed to perform both batch processing and new workloads like streaming, interactive queries and machine learning. This big data technology provides highly scalable and fault-tolerant streaming processing while providing near real time processing. The scope of the work was to demonstrate the tools and techniques to perform stream processing on rainfall and wind speed sensor data of TSMS and produce weather alarm levels accordingly. The exercise also aimed to integrate the dataset and the result set with the data discovery tool in order to present the findings of the analysis.Sensor data for rainfall and wind speed were processed using big data technology of stream data processing -Spark- and the data was classified into Eumetnet MeteoAlarm’s color coded alarm levels of yellow, orange and red. The success criteria of the work was to demonstrate real-time data processing on meteorological sensor data and produce alarm levels accordingly and accurately. In our work, we will also discuss to design early warning system with using WIS data platform. We will look at to realize this project with WIS stream data in future.Keywords-big data; Spark; distributed computing; storm analysis; rainfall; wind ; WISAuthors;Mustafa Sert (msert@mgm.gov.tr)Nurullah Bilgin (abilgi@mgm.gov.tr)

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Abstract ID: 1834Title: Detecting Cloud Coverage Using Meteorological Satellite ProductsAuthor(s): Nurullah Bilgin (Turkey)Topic area: EIAutomatic Weather Observation Station (AWOS) has 1674 units in Turkey and 177 of them are operating with human beings. While current weather conditions, cloud coverage, cloud type data can be obtained from this 177 AWOS, these data can’t be obtained from other automatic stations. There are 246 current weather condition sensors and these are not enough for 975 district centers. Besides, we can’t get cloud coverage and kind of cloud data with this sensors from AWOS. So, in order to determine the cloudiness situation of the district centers where the stations are located, satellite images and meteorological station data are used to obtain cloudiness information in this study. In addition, ground temperature data from AWOS, 10.8 IR channel data from satellite products, Cloud Mask and Cloud types from Nowcasting SAF products were used in this study.Key words: satellite products, cloud coverage, automatic weather observation stations, cloud type

Authors:Nurullah Bilgin (nbilgin@mgm.gov.tr)Muhammed Kuddusi SARI (mksari@mgm.gov.tr)

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Abstract ID: 1836Title: WMO IPT-SWeISS ActivitiesAuthor(s): Xiaoxin Zhang (China, on behalf of IPT-SWeISS)Topic area: GDThis report gives the highlights of recent and planned IPT-SWeISS activities. The working structure for WMO Expert Teams - IPT-SWeISS was adopted in CBS-16 in December 2016.The Term of References (TOR) was also adopted (EC-68). The transition from ICTSW to IPT-SWeISS has been finished. The first session of IPT-SWeISS was held from 21 to 23 June 2017 in Geneva.The meeting reviewed the IPT-SWeISS Terms of Reference for the period 2017-2019, and the IPT-SWeISS Work Plan. There are 4 newly established task teams in IPT-SWeISS; TT-SCI (Science), TT-SYS (Systems), TT-APP (Applications) and TT-AVI (Aviation). International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) would give an operational global space weather information service for aviation in the 2018, and provided a guidance on the space weather information provider designation process. In late October 2017, WMO was notified by ICAO that there are 10 potential applicants specifically comprising nine countries plus one consortium. The IPT-SWeISS/TT-AVI has finished most of the site assessments and audits of prospective space weather information providers. WMO will furnish a report on the findings to ICAO before the end of March 2018. IPT-SWeISS/TT-SYS has updated the ""Statement of Guidance (SoG) for Space Weather Observation"" for the IPET-OSED-3 meeting.

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Abstract ID: 1840Title: Observations (radiation and frost) by Machine Learning with Big DataAuthor(s): CHOI Chulwoon (Rep. Korea)Topic area: EIKMA has made observations since around 100 years ago. It logically follows that so many kinds of observations are being stored in the database. And with the advent of big data processing technique, meteorological data can also come by a good opportunity with which we can enhance the data QC and facilitate unmaned AWS stations nationwide.However traditional analytic tools are not well suited to capturing the full value of big data. The volume of observations is too large for comprehensive analysis, and the range of potential correlations and relationships between disparate data are too great for any analyst to test all hypotheses and derive all the value buried in the data. Machine learning is ideal for exploiting the opportunities hidden in big data. Freed from the limitations of human scale thinking and analysis, machine learning is able to discover and display the patterns buried in the observations.We made good uses of both machine learning methods - RandomForest and Xgboost. The RandomForest(RF) is used to produce data fitted to global radiation. It is compared with the same ones from AWS site and COMS which belongs to KMA. As a result we are able to make a three-way comparison among them - RF, AWS, COMS. The method enables us to check internal consistency over radiation and sun duration. The statistics shows that RMSE is about 0.03 and R2 is up to over 97% or also.The Xgboost serves as the good tool to replace man-observed method with unmanned-automatic way for dew and frost in the field. The report of statistic analysis has it that the accuracy amounts to 98% and CSI is up to 85%.Radiation observation by machine learning would be much useful for the increasing demands on renewable energy, and accurate and precise frost observation nationwide aims to prevent us from neglecting easily ignorable dew/frost observation due to expanding unmaned-stations and take more steps against agricultural disaster by weather phenomenon.

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Abstract ID: 1854Title: National Early Warning Releasing System of ChinaAuthor(s): PAN Jinjun (China)Topic area: EIUnderpinned with the meteorological service platform, National Early Warning Releasing System is one of the ten key projects in the national emergency planning program. It is led by the State Council Emergency Response Office and hosted by CMA and in connection with government authorities of four levels: national, provincial, municipal and county. It can release warning messages of four categories: natural disaster, accidental disaster, public health event and social security even. Multi-disasters early warning information in 25 ministries are now released through this platform. It is linked with a good variety of information dissemination channels including radio, TV, mobile phone, website, loud-speaker and display screen in a seamless fashion to keeps informed the public, social media, emergency focal points, grass-roots couriers, key enterprises and other social groups.Mete-Info Emergency Decision Support System is an important part of national early warning system, which composed of such functional modules as the meteorological disaster monitoring and forecasting, the disaster chain-based risk assessment, the warning signal-based statistical analysis, the direct reporting of damages, the multi-sector consultation for direction and guidance purposes, the live broadcasting of and linking with a disaster scene, and the Big Data-based analysis and review of a disaster. A Big Data chart has been figured out with temporally and spatially seamless monitoring and forecasting products shared in one network, which features impact-based decision support, accurate targeted release, and informed command and scheduling.

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Abstract ID: 1858Title: Innovative exploration of open social application of meteorological big dataAuthor(s): CHEN Donghui (China)Topic area: IMWith the development of technology application innovations such as mobile internet and big data, the internet is reaching out, in an open-ended and integrating manner, to every sector of society, generating in-depth impact on the development of economic society. Factors constraining innovations include the lack of data availability and processing & analyzing technologies; as well as the data thinking of a closed system. Based on China Meteorological Data Service Center (CMDC), data federation technologies and services are utilized for establishing data exchange platform, concurrent platform and user growth system, breaking the information barrier of different industries to achieve the public sharing of data socialization, the effective data supply, the more valuable excavation of data value, the better user stickiness, the guided user output (data sharing and data evaluation, etc.), the enhanced interaction and feedback between users and platform, the deepened industry innovation and the formation of sustainable data ecology.As of now, over 2,000 R&D and educational institutions and nearly 600 enterprises from 29 major industries, are receiving the data service provided by the CMDC through its refined operation mode. By promoting the diverse integration of meteorological data in different industries and fields, risks can be properly averted while promoting the production and saving energies to achieve (both directly and indirectly) over 1 billion Yuan of economic benefits, which represent tremendous social and economic value.

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Abstract ID: 1860Title: Latest progress of CMA S2S: data service and applicationAuthor(s): HU Xing (China)Topic area: SDThe China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Project (S2S) Archive Centre, one of the three S2S official Archive Centres, aims to collect and archive real-time ensemble forecast and re-forecast data from all S2S data-provider centres, and deliver the data to users through the web-based data download services. By December 2017, CMA S2S Archive Centre had collected and archived about 48TB of data. The original forecast data from each S2S data provider are directly sent to ECMWF. All available S2S data in CMA are acquired from ECMWF S2S archive centre, and checked to ensure integrity and synchronization with data at ECMWF, then finally archived at CMA in an online disc storage system. The CMA’s S2S data portal, which is operating in China Meteorological Data service Center (CMDC), was developed by CMA and officially launched on November 16, 2015. The data is published to http://s2s.cma.cn and is freely accessible. It provides the sub-seasonal to seasonal weather forecast data to the researchers worldwide for studying the predictability on time-scales up to 60 days. By December 2017, 256 users from more than 30 countries have registered at the CMA’s S2S data portal, and the total number of visits is more than 630,000. About 5.2 Terabytes of data have been downloaded.CMA S2S data portal mainly provides the online data download service, the data can be accessed by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP). Data download service in GRIB2 and NetCDF format are available, the NetCDF format is obtained through online conversion. An online data visualization and analysis service system is developed, which included the user interaction page, data cropped, visualization, online processing, will be provided to the user of CMA in order to enhance the medium and long-term forecasting ability.

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Abstract ID: 1862Title: Observation Strategy on Yangtze River Delta Region and Its Impact StudyAuthor(s): HE Xiaochuan (China)Topic area: IMObserving System Experiments (OSEs) are being conducted to compare the impact of existing surface observation on Yangtze River Delta Region. Eight typical convection and typhoon cases (2012 - 2015) are selected and investigated. The impact of surface observation data on the prediction of these convection and typhoon cases are studied by using three-dimensional and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR and 4DVAR) systems in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. OSEs are carried out by assimilating observations from nation-level surface stations and soundings with different percentages (100%, 50% and 30%) of regional Automatic Weather Station data (AWS). The 50% and 30% of AWS in Yangtze River Delta Region are chosen from 100% of AWS and they are homogeneously distributed. Results show that (1) different assimilation systems result in different improvement of NWP forecast; (2) after assimilating surface and sounding data, the forecast track of severe tropical storm Fung-wong is much closer to observations; (3) the back-propagating mechanism of the thunderstorm can be indicated and the forecast results in 100% AWS experiment are better than that in 50% AWS experiment, the average distance between each pair of AWS is about 7.5km for 100% and 9.5km for 50%, respectively; (4) due to the strong surface heating in the daytime, the NWP forecasts have been improved more obviously for the convection cases happened in the afternoon comparing with those happened in the midnight. This project will illustrate, analyze and summarize the results of the extensive sensitivity test series and will document the impact of surface observing systems on NWP for offering layout proposal.

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Abstract ID: 1864Title: Evaluation on the Assimilation of China Surface Weather Observation Data in Numerical Weather Prediction ModelAuthor(s): LIU Mengjuan (China)Topic area: CDEvaluation was mainly performed on the behavior of data assimilation in numerical prediction model with observations from China Surface Weather Observation System (CSWOS), including more than 50,000 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) and 2423 SYNOP stations. The CSWOS was optimized according to the WMO operational rules from 2014 to 2016, based on which a total of 8174 AWSs were picked out according to their accuracy of observation as well as their contributions to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) in the past. This study focuses on the assimilation of data from these 8174 AWS stations as well as 2423 SYNOP stations. 4 typical synoptic cases, respectively occurred in North-east-China, North-China, Central-China and South-China in 2016 were simulated. Sensitive experiments were designed and conducted with/without the assimilation of surface observations from the CSWOS data in NCAR/WRF numerical model with WRFDA assimilation system. 4D-Var scheme was used to assimilate these data. Various methods of verification, including object-based and fuzzy logic were then conducted to assess the results. It is shown that the assimilation of data from CSWOS has an overall positive impact on the performance of numerical prediction. Particularly, the assimilation cases has significant improvement on the prediction of large scale precipitation in plain region, where less data is rejected by model compared to that in mountainous area. Finally, pilot observation system experiments (OSEs) were further performed to evaluate the joint assimilation of surface observation data, conventional sounding, wind profiler, AMDAR and GPS/MET in NCAR/WRF model. Preliminary results show that the conventional sounding has the most significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction.

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Abstract ID: 1866Title: Supporting MICAPS: China’s Massive Meteorological Data Real-time Processing and Storage SystemAuthor(s): WANG Ruotong (China)Topic area: CDMeteorological data is a typical non-structure data, which reaches dozens of TBs per day. Data pre-processing data storage and data access based on RDBMS(Relational Database Management System) and file system become the bottleneck of China’s old forecasting system since 2010. To fulfill meteorological users’ fast, especially MICAPS, the Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Process System for operational forecasters in time query of meteorological real-time data, according to the multi-dimension model and the user query behavior of meteorological data, using non-relational key-value DDBMS (Distributed Database Management System), we design and implement a high performance massive meteorological data storage system and a stable 7*24 distributed data pre-processing system, that’s the MICAPS system(Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analyzing Processing System). The MICAPS system uses a client/server system architecture, and high performance server cluster system is the critical component. Using distributed key-value data model and Peer to Peer infrastructure, MICAPS server system distributes all real-time data which arrive at a very high speed to multiple servers through an automatic load balance algorithm, all data are stored in memory initially and persistent to hard disk periodically, this could not only reduce the disk I/O operating times, but also guarantee the reduction of writing pressure while high load of reading pressure. To enhance the data and system reliability, distributed system architecture and multiple data replica are used, this also improves the throughput capacity of the system. According to the statistic results, the performance of MICAPS server system has improved 100 times more than the previous system. The system has been the core system of China Meteorological Administration since 2015 and has been popularized nationwide and in several Asia and Africa countries. Under the condition of massive meteorological data and concurrent access of many users, it shows high stability and excellent read-write performance, and it also shows convenient scalability and maintainability.

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Abstract ID: 1868Title: JMA Launches International HimawariRequest Service Based on Himawari-8/9 Target Area ObservationAuthor(s): Ryo Yoshida (Japan)Topic area: WIGOSThe Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has launched the new international HimawariRequest service for Regional Association (RA) II and RA V in collaboration with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.The service allows users of Himawari-8/9 satellite data to request Target Area observation covering a region of 1,000 km x 1,000 km every 2.5 minutes. Target Area observation provides highly accurate satellite-based tracking, enabling better analysis of extreme events such as tropical cyclones and volcanic eruptions, and is expected to help reduce the impacts of natural disasters in RA II and RA V.The development of the HimawariRequest service is a direct outcome of a recommendation by the Joint RA II/RA V Workshop on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) for Disaster Risk Reduction held in October 2015 in Jakarta, Indonesia, and subsequent discussions held under the WMO Space Programme and its Inter-Programme Expert Team on Satellite Utilization and Products (IPET-SUP).JMA expects the HimawariRequest service to support regional disaster risk reduction activities based on extreme-event monitoring.

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Abstract ID: 1870Title: Big data opportunities in high-impact public and aviation weather at the Hong Kong ObservatoryAuthor(s): K.K. Hon (Hong Kong, China)Topic area: EIThe Hong Kong Observatory provides meteorological services for the public as well as the aviation community. In the provision of weather services, Big Data offers many new opportunities for the preparation of impact-based forecasts that would not have been possible before. This paper discusses some new developments on the potential use of Big Data in aviation and public weather services. On the aviation side, HKO has acquired ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance -Broadcast) capability, which provides in real-time high-resolution aircraft position data over the South China coastal area up to every second. When used in conjunction with remotely-sensed weather data (e.g. significant convection as detected by radars and new-generation satellites) as well as detailed flight planning information (including flight routes and aerodrome capacity), these novel data sources offer unprecedented opportunities in understanding and modelling the impact of weather phenomena on air traffic flow over the Hong Kong terminal area in a Big Data fashion, making possible new services in forecasting the arrival and departure rates for air traffic flow management.Concurrently, rapid developments are taking place in the field of data assimilation –correction of initial model state based on latest available atmospheric observations – which underpins modern operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). The use of ensemble prediction systems and advanced data assimilation methodologies (e.g. the ensemble Kalman filter) have opened the doorway to “Big Data assimilation†� of unconventional data sources (e.g. from the Internet) often not obtainable through traditional means of exchange (including GTS network). Possible benefits will be demonstrated here through high-impact weather case over the highly-urbanised and densely populated Pearl River Estuary region along the South China coast.

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Abstract ID: 1872Title: Southeast Asian Radar NetworkAuthor(s): Koichiro Kakihara (Japan)Topic area: WIGOSDisaster risk reduction (DRR) is a common theme in Southeast Asia. Natural disasters caused by heavy rain, such as flooding and landslides, have a particularly significant social impact in the region. Mitigation of the risks posed by these disasters requires extensive and precise radar monitoring of real-time rainfall situations in addition to surface and satellite observation, as well as prediction of related impacts. The assimilation of radar data in NWP is also expected to contribute to improved precipitation forecasting.Against such a background, activities to support capacity building for radar techniques and development of a regional radar network in Southeast Asia are conducted under WMO/WIGOS, ASEAN and ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee frameworks. Experimental exchanges of radar composite data among TMD, MMD and JMA were also started in November 2016.Radar composite data from MMD, TMD and JMA are sent online to a JMA/WIS server and Southeast Asian Radar composite images are shared with ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Members via a dedicated website. All data are exchanged and processed in GRIB Edition 2 (GRIB2) format, which is fully compatible with the SATAID satellite analysis software extensively used by NMHSs in Southeast Asia.Member countries in Southeast Asia have similar geographic and climatic conditions, and experience common challenges in disaster prevention. Based on radar network development, direct sharing of expertise in radar observation and operation is expected to support capacity building in radar observation techniques (e.g., data processing, management and application) for individual Member countries.

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Abstract ID: 1876Title: Opportunities and challenges of using crowd and privately sourced observations in global NWPAuthor(s): Mohamed Dahoui (ECMWF)Topic area: WIGOSThe global observing system (with its satellite and in-situ components) has continued to grow in volume and evolve in diversity leading to greater robustness and sustained improvement of the quality of NWP products. Despite the dominant contribution of satellite observations, the role of in-situ data is and will remain vital. The in-situ network is however far from homogeneous and there are still significant spatial and temporal gaps. With their increasing numbers and diversity crowdsourced and privately made observations have the potential to reduce the data availability gaps in many areas around the globe. Such data is of interest for use in global and regional NWP data assimilation systems and for verification purposes. A denser network is useful to detect small scale features and rapid changes of the atmosphere. However, their usage is very challenging. Data collection and pre-processing (Given the variety of data sources and formats) is a big task that needs a collaborative effort between NWP centres through coordination of the WMO, the industry and the private sector to improve and unify standards and to agree on best practices. A common and shared use of operationally managed data hubs (such as the MetOffice Weather Observation Website) is a cost-effective solution to manage the diversity of data sources and formats. A very good understanding of the error characteristics of the observations is necessary to allow a proper data selection and error specification. This requires a comprehensive and standardised description of metadata, to be recorded in OSCAR/Surface. The quality control, bias correction and blacklist management require a unique identification (the WIGOS-ID) of reporting station which makes anonymous reports of less interest to NWP data assimilation. Legal aspects related to privacy and data usage are also important to clarify before the operational use of such observations. Examples will be shown on the collaboration with the private sector to improve the observing system in parts of Africa.

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Abstract ID: 1878Title: Capacity Development in Observing of Sounding System in EgyptAuthor(s): Zeinab Sayed Fahmy (Egypt)Topic area: CDEgyptian Meteorological Authority EMA have 6 upper air stations which used two Sounding Systems The DigiCORA® Sounding System MW31 with the Radiotheodolite RT20A and GPS wind finding (Vaisala ) and Modem SR 10 GPS with M10 RadioSonde .we work now by three upper air stations there are many technical problems which leads to stop the stations to work . we know that Small number of RadioSonde stations can provide an essential benefit to all the users of the world . So The Re-activate silent RadioSonde stations , in the data sparse areas of regions which have the poorest data coverage Africa are very important .So we make all possible effort to avoid closing of existing stations in Egypt In this paper 1- We will study about the problems which leads to close the upper air stations in Egypt.2- we will study the steps leads to Capacity development in Observing of Sounding System in Egypt to work again by good quality and efficiency and to get knowledge and understanding of new trends of technologies and their implications for NMHSs’ operational development.

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Abstract ID: 1882Title: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OSCAR/SURFACE METADATA PLATFORM IN THE NATIONAL METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY SERVICE OF PERUAuthor(s): Noelia Mia Goicochea Diaz (Peru) and Clara Altemira Oria Rojas (Peru)Topic area: WIGOSThe metadata is an important tool that describes the historical information of a weather station or an automatic weather station and has basic parameters, such as geographical coordinates, the type of environment that the station is in, the installed instruments, changes that could occur during the observation hours, relocation of it, among others. This will allow to establish criteria for the quality control of the data and the homogenization of daily time series.Therefore, it is necessary to implement the OSCAR metadata platform (Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review) / SURFACE of WIGOS (World Wide System of Observation Systems of WMO) in the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SMNH) because it has an established format and can be automated. The registration of ten automatic weather stations located at different strategic points at the national level will be initiated with technical information, a greater amount of available data and priority in their preventive and corrective maintenance in a timely manner; also, three weather stations will be registered, proposed in the report for the WMO Centennial Observing Stations, which have longer and more complete time series, information related to the type of station and daily observation, and constant maintenance.The main purpose of implementing this platform is to share the information of the metadata with other countries in an interactive and free access that allows the user to analyse or validate periods of time series.

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CBS TECO 2018/Inf. 3, DRAFT 2, p. 2

Abstract ID: 1888Title: A new way to monitor the current weather by community participation in social networksAuthor(s): Muhammad Elsayed Ahmmad ElkarfousTopic area: EIA new way to enhance the capacity of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) especially in developing countries, by providing instantaneous weather information through community participation, millions of people interested in observing and recording current weather phenomena are communicating on social networks daily, liking, sharing, and commenting on weather media by blogs, photos and videos. The pages and accounts of citizens turned on social networking sites to a theater for display pictures and videos of cloud, rain, snowfall, fog, sand storm and lightning etc. For a meteorologist, all of this weather sharing is fantastic! We can build relationships to get real time observations, pictures during hazards situations, and instantly provide a weather update. For the most part, weather in social media is a new tool, but sometimes things could go wrong.This paper aims to study and describe the network of interactions and contributions of Weather explored through social network analysis of community members and missions. The results indicate the quiet and active members within the community, their splitting into sub-communities, and their contribution and data collection methods and preferences. These results provide insight into the behavior of people in such public engagement. This paper aims to suggest some idea and recommendations to build a relationship (meteorological system encourages partnerships in organized action and law) between active members of social network and (NMHSs) Based on the principle of community responsibility for (NMHSs) to establish a weather club under the umbrella of (NMHSs), and can make use of the technologies available to them to contribute to knowledge development. the role of those interested in weather is complementary to (NMHSs).

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Abstract ID: 1890Title: China Meteorological Meteorological Metrology Support System and RIC-Beijing Meteorological Metrology Service Among RIC II CountriesAuthor(s): BianZeqiang (China)Topic area: SDIn order to ensure accurate and reliable meteorological observations, China Meteorological Association (CMA) established three level meteorological value transfer and traceability system including national, provincial and weather stations, ensuring the unity and accuracy of the national meteorological observation data effectively. Meanwhile, CMA uphold the principle of ""facing the country, covering the whole network"" metrology service concept, supply value guarantee scheme of meteorological observation in all country. As China meteorological legal metrological verification institutions, National Meteorological Metrology Center established and maintained the highest meteorological measurement standard, among them the atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and air velocity are the highest measurement standard in China.And as the World Meteorological Organization Asian instrument regional center (RIC-Beijing), National Meteorological Metrology Center regular organize or participate meteorological standard comparison within Asia Regional Instrument Centers, provide meteorological instrument calibration and training services for ASEAN and The Belt and Road countries.

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Abstract ID: 1900Title: Design and Research on Weather Real-time Reporting SystemAuthor(s): BianZeqiang (China)Topic area: EIWeather Real-time Reporting System (WRS) refers to current weather real-time observation, real-time transmission, real-time release and real-time queryable. It is GIS (Geographic Information System) location based real-time weather information system with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, combined with intelligent Internet of Things and Mobile Internet, using intelligent meteorological sensor, WRS with multi-factor and high space-time resolution was designed and researched The main characteristics of WRS are authenticity, timeliness and precision. WRS spatial and temporal resolution may up to time per minute, space 50 m x 50 m. Weather warning alert combined with WRS and weather forecast could be able to ensure the safety of more lives and properties.

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Abstract ID: 1904Title: Integration of observation networks in the Russian Federation and CIS countries. Current state and prospectsAuthor(s): Alexander Gusev (Russian Federation), Eugeniy Vjazilov (Russian Federation)Topic area: WIGOS

Historically Roshydromet has been developed as the national Hydrometeorological service and integration of different observation networks has always been an important component of this development. Primarily, it is due to the fact Roshydromet has always been responsible for both meteorological and hydrological observations. Therefore integration of meteorological and hydrological networks under NMHSs, which is very important for WIGOS, in Roshydromet is largely being achieved in a natural way. Currently, the observation network of Roshydromet performs about 30 types of observations in the field of meteorology, hydrology, oceanography, monitoring of environmental pollution. The essential element for the management of such complex network is the accounting system to keep record of the network's composition. Roshydromet has developed the national automated accounting system for keeping record of observation units (AASOU). In terms of functionally AASOU is close to OSCAR, containing inter alia a significant amount of various metadata. As a primary accounting unit the system uses an \observation point†� linked to a particular type of observation. Meteorological and hydrological stations posts and observatories are described as composition of various "observation points".A distinctive feature of the system is that it can keep record of financial economic and human performance of the observation network. This makes it possible to provide estimates of the financial value of observations, which is extremely important for the analysis of the cost of observations in different climatic and infrastructural conditions. The system can also maintain individual accounts for recording and control of data. Due to this not only data of territorial divisions of Roshydromet but also data of third parties including data of observation networks belonging to the private sector can be considered. It is planned to create individual accounts for the Member-States of the CIS Intergovernmental Council for Hydrometeorology to provide description of the integrated observation network on the territory of CIS.Through the machine-to-machine interface it is planned to link AASOU with OSCAR. The system will be an important element of the WIGOS Regional Centre for Russian-speaking countries expected to be put in place.

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Abstract ID: 1914Title: Weather and Climate Observation and Data Processing System in Croatia and its ModernizationAuthor(s): Krešo Pandžić (Croatia)Topic area: WIGOSA historical review of the weather and climate observation and data processing system in Croatia, led by Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ), is performed including recent project on its modernization. Meteorological observations officially started in Croatia in 1851 at Dubrovnik when the first official monthly climate report has been published. The longest time series of observation exists for Zagreb Gric Observatory, capital of Croatia, since 1861 without any break. The station is at the same position from the beginning and its CLIMAT report is continuously disseminated via WMO GTS together with Split Marjan Observatory data. In addition, WMO National Meteorological Centre (NMC) of Croatia disseminates SYNOP reports for 40 weather stations and TEMP reports for two radio-sounding stations in BUFR format. Near real time data are available from about 70 automatic weather stations. Weather radar data of three radars are available also in near real time. By cited modernization project, supported by European Union structural fund in amount of 85%, modernization of more than 400 weather stations of different category is planned including 6 weather radars, 5 buoys, 2 radio-sounding systems, 1 lidar and 1 wind-profiler. Socio-economic benefit is from 5 to 7 times higher than investment gratefully to the higher number of observation data availability.

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