Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil WarStewing up trouble and turning up the Stewing up trouble and turning up the

heatheat

Our IngredientsOur Ingredients

Slavery

Fugitive Slave ActDred Scott

Election of

Abraham Lincoln

Bleeding Kansas

Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850

John Brown’s Raid Harpers Ferry

Kansas Nebraska Act

States Rights

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Cultural Differences

Uncle Tom’sUncle Tom’sCabinCabin

• Author: Harriet Beecher Stowe • Date: 1852• vivid characters, dramatic incidences, showed

slavery as a cruel and brutal system. • Inspired strong feelings in the North and the

South» Northerners felt a stronger urge to abolish slavery» Southerners felt even more threatened.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s cabin, the Broth or base for our stew, helps to flavor the issue of Slavery in both the North and the South.

="So you're the

little woman who wrote the book that started this

great war.“Abraham Lincoln

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri Compromise 1820 Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Missouri Compromise preserved the balance between free and slave states, and ended the debate in Congress over slavery in new states and territories – for a while

Maine = FREE state

Proposed byHenry Clay

Missouri = SLAVE state

Missouri Compromise (1820) and Missouri Compromise (1820) and Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

• Why an issue?Why an issue?• Continued the conflict over

slavery and the attempt to maintain a balance between slave and free states.

• Balance of Power…Balance of Power…• North and South continued to

look for ways to change this balance and gain control.

Potatoes take a while to prepare, they must be cleaned and peeled and act as a filler in the stew. These two compromises were issues that filled the county with conflict, but never addressed the problem.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• Opened the Opened the doordoor for slavery in the for slavery in the Kansas and Nebraska territories.Kansas and Nebraska territories.

• Increased the tension and mistrust Increased the tension and mistrust between the North and the South. between the North and the South.

Kansas and Nebraska are both

known for growing

corn.

Stephen A. Douglasproposed that states choose for themselves whether to be

free or slave states; popular sovereignty

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

• Pro- slavery and anti- slavery groups rushed to the territories, armed themselves, and fought for control.

Tomatoes and Blood are both red.

Dred Scott

Dred Scott

Chief JusticeTaney

The Dred Scott DecisionThe Dred Scott Decision

• Slaves = property.• Slaves are not citizens not

protected under the U.S. constitution.

• Missouri Compromise = unconstitutional.

• popular sovereignty = unconstitutional.

• outraged abolitionist in the North, pleased Southerners, dividing the country more than ever.

Dred Scott thought he was

a free man, sweet peas, the

onions make you cry when

you find out he was considered

property and not free.

– Rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution.

– The belief that states rights supersede federal rights

and law.

States Rights

State’s Rights was a hot topic, constantly heating up the differences

between the North and South.

Cultural DifferencesCultural Differences

NorthNorth Center of Manufacturing, Favored high protective

tariffs strongly opposed to

slavery Efficient roads and

transportation Largest Cities

The North and the South had very different societies and cultures. Each was very loyal to

their distinct region (Sectionalism)

Cultural DifferencesCultural DifferencesSouthSouth

Economy based on agriculture. Plantations grew cash crops,

cotton. Opposed tariff on manufactured

goods Favored Slavery.

The North and the South were as

different as salt and pepper.

Fugitive Slave Act 1850

• Required citizens to help capture slaves who had run away.

• People who helped runaways could be fined or imprisoned.

• Many Northern juries often refused to convict people accused of breaking this.

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act

Carrots grow underground and slaves were often

caught and returned even

though they often hid underground. Also Caught and Carrots both start

with C.

Conditions under the Fugitive Slave Act helped

create the Underground Railroad.

Raid on Harpers FerryRaid on Harpers Ferry• October 16, 1859, abolitionist John

Brown led a raid on an arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

• The aim was to spark a slave uprising.

• John Brown’s death = rallying cry for abolitionists.

• Fears of a great northern conspiracy confirmed.

This event was the meat of the

idea that the North had a Conspiracy against the

South.

Lincoln/Douglas Debates• Senate Race in Illinois in 1858. Senator Stephen

Douglas vs. the little known Abraham Lincoln. Douglas was against slavery personally, but believed that popular sovereignty would resolve the issue without interfering with national unity. Lincoln also personally opposed slavery, but thought there was no easy way to eliminate it where it already existed. He thought the solution was to prevent its spread into the territories.

• Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates leading up to the election. The seven debates took place between August and October 1858. Slavery was the main topic.

• Douglas won the Election but Lincoln gained a national reputation. Southerners were feeling increasingly threatened by antislavery movement in the Republican Party.

Election of 1860Election of 1860• Lincoln opposed slavery, but

thought there was no easy way to eliminate it.

• He thought the solution was to prevent its spread into the territories.

• Lincoln won the election.

Abraham Lincoln was

tall and skinny like a string bean.

South Secedes South Secedes Stirring the pot…Stirring the pot… • November 20, 1860, South Carolina

secedes, others states follow February 1861.

• February 4, 1861 Confederate States of America created, Jefferson Davis elected president.

• South grievance against US = not enforcing Fugitive Slave Act, denied Southern states equal rights in the territories violating their contract with the Union.

• Lincoln’s inaugural speech secession = unlawful and would not be permitted; pleaded for reconciliation.

Firing on Firing on Fort SumterFort Sumter

• Confederate army opens fire on the fort April 12, 1861.

• Union forces surrender April 14, with no loss of life on either side.

• The Civil War The Civil War begins…begins…

These were the events that kicked off the Civil War, in other words, turned up the heat.