Causes of Abnormal Behavior
description
Transcript of Causes of Abnormal Behavior
![Page 1: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Causes of Abnormal Behavior
Chapter 2
![Page 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Paradigms
(def)-a set of shared assumptions that include a theory and how data should be collected.Four Basic Paradigms:– Biological– Psychodynamic– Cognitive-Behavioral– Humanistic
![Page 3: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biological Definition: abnormal behavior is caused by
biological abnormalities
Cause of Abnormality: Genes, neurochemistry, head injury.
Treatment: Medication or other physical treatments (ECT).
Focus: Functions of the body and brain structures.
![Page 4: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Psychodynamic Paradigm Definition: abnormal behavior stems from
unconscious conflicts from early childhood experiences.– Id – unconscious psychic energy strives to
satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress Pleasure principle
– Ego – largely conscious, executive part of personality Reality Principal
– Superego- voice of conscious forces the ego to consider not only the real but, the ideal. Operates on conscious and unconscious level.
Cause: Early Childhood ExperiencesTreatment: PsychoanalysisFocus: Unconscious Mind
![Page 5: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cognitive Behavioral
Definition: All behavior is the result of different forms of learning.-Classical ConditioningOperant ConditioningSocial Learning
Cause: Experiences (Nurture)Treatment: Cognitive Behavioral TherapyFocus:Observable Behavior
![Page 6: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Humanistic
Definition: Emphasis on the Present and Future, and conscious rather than Unconscious.
Cause: Frustrations in SocietyType of Treatment: Non-directive TherapyFocus: Free Will
![Page 7: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Systems Theory
Def- Integrates causes of abnormal behavior across biological, psychological and social factors.
Diathesis-Stress Model and Multiple Risk Factors
Equifinality
Reciprocal Causality
![Page 8: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biological Factors
Neuron-basic building block of the nervous system.Components that make up the neuron
– Cell Body- – Dendrite- – Axon-
![Page 9: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Action PotentialNeuron at rest— semi-permeable barrier between
the fluids that are inside and outside the neuron.These fluids contain electrically charged particles
called ions. Iinterior fluid is mostly negative and the exterior fluid is mostly positive. Resting Potential-.Polarization-Depolarization- Firing Of the Action-PotentialRelease of Neurotransmitter-Return to Resting State-
![Page 10: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Neurotransmitters and the Etiology of Psychopathology –
Biological research has found that there is a disruption in the functioning of certain neurotransmitters among some people with mental disorders.Cannot currently measure neurotransmitter levels in a living brain.Does not imply causalityCauses of disorders are multifactorial
![Page 13: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Major Brain StructuresCentral and Peripheral Nervous System: Central-
Brain and Spinal Cord. Peripheral-is the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
Three Main Subdivisions:
Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain
![Page 16: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Limbic System
Links the higher mental processes of the forebrain with the hindbrain and midbrain.
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
![Page 17: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Peripheral Nervous system
. Autonomic – – Sypmathetic-arousing-prepares the body
for emergency – Parasympathetic- calming- slows
everything down after the emergency
Somatic-
![Page 18: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Etiology of Autonomic nervous system and abnormal behavior:
Overarousal
Underarousal
![Page 19: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
chemical communication system, that consists of glands that secrete hormones into the blood- stream. hormones
![Page 20: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Behavioral Genetics
Basic Principles of Genetics: Genotype-actual genetic structure of the
individual.Phenotype is the expression of a given
genotype.AlleleLocusDominant/Recessive Inheritance
![Page 21: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Family Incidence Studies
Twin Studies-monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins.
Concordance rates-
Adoption Studies
Genetics and Etiology
![Page 22: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Psychological Factors
Species-Typical Characteristics
Attachment Theory
Dominance
![Page 23: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Psychological FactorsTemperament– Opennes to experience– Conscientiousness– Extraversion– Agreeable– Neuroticism
Emotion– Positive– Negative
Learning and Cognition
![Page 24: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Social Factors
Social Support
Gender Roles
Prejudice and Poverty
Societal Values
![Page 25: Causes of Abnormal Behavior](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56816694550346895dda7822/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Psychological Factors
Sense of Self
Development and Developmental Transitions: