Causatives.preposition Combinations.phrasal
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Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Causatives Many languages contain a causative voice. Causatives are means (1) ___ expressing an occurrence in (2) ___ a subject word acts upon a later word or phrase, and thus causes a change in state for the latter. (3) ___ more general terms, the causative — usually an action word — indicates that something has transformed (4) ___ else. This change can be reflected in various grammatical ways, including adding letters (5) ___ action words, changing letters within the words, or including additional words. For a causative state to occur in linguistics there must be evidence (6) ___ a cause and effect relationship. In (7) ___ words, the subject of a phrase or idea must have caused an action, an event, or a change of being. (8) ___ , the causative must take place before the person, thing, or happening it acts upon has changed. In (9) ___ , a reasonable assumption must exist that the latter action or alteration would not have taken place without the presence (10) ___ the causative subject. For example, if "they raise the drawbridge," a reader can likely infer that the drawbridge would not be in its risen state if not for the actions of "they." Various grammatical methods are used to express causatives. In many languages, additional letters are added to the beginning or end of a word. As an example, a classic language of Indo- Aryan origin made words causative (11) ___ attaching the letters "a" and "y" to the word's end. These methods are typically known (12) ___ morphological causatives. 1) A) out B) of C) among D) with 2) A) who B) which C) whose D) where
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Transcript of Causatives.preposition Combinations.phrasal
Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
Causatives
Many languages contain a causative voice. Causatives are means (1) ___ expressing an occurrence in (2) ___ a subject word acts upon a later word or phrase, and thus causes a change in state for the latter. (3) ___ more general terms, the causative — usually an action word — indicates that something has transformed (4) ___ else. This change can be reflected in various grammatical ways, including adding letters (5) ___ action words, changing letters within the words, or including additional words.
For a causative state to occur in linguistics there must be evidence (6) ___ a cause and effect relationship. In (7) ___ words, the subject of a phrase or idea must have caused an action, an event, or a change of being. (8) ___ , the causative must take place before the person, thing, or happening it acts upon has changed. In (9) ___ , a reasonable assumption must exist that the latter action or alteration would not have taken place without the presence (10) ___ the causative subject. For example, if "they raise the drawbridge," a reader can likely infer that the drawbridge would not be in its risen state if not for the actions of "they."
Various grammatical methods are used to express causatives. In many languages, additional letters are added to the beginning or end of a word. As an example, a classic language of Indo-Aryan origin made words causative (11) ___ attaching the letters "a" and "y" to the word's end. These methods are typically known (12) ___ morphological causatives.
1) A) out B) of C) among D) with2) A) who B) which C) whose D) where3) A) from B) over C) on D) in4) A) something B) everything C) nothing D) anything5) A) to B) on C) about D) from6) A) with B) among C) out D) of7) A) universal B) same C) other D) akin8) A) However B) Therefore C) Other than D) And so9) A) attachment B) addition C) inclusion D) extension10) A) out B) with C) of D) among11) A) above B) by C) under D) at12) A) alike B) same C) as D) both
Collocations – Exercise 1
1. He stopped to __________ the view.1. ? look2. ? see3. ? watch
4. ? admire2. A few stones are all that __________ of the abbey.
1. ? keep2. ? remain3. ? leave4. ? stay
3. Lettuces have been cultivated in Spain since __________ times.1. ? ancient2. ? antique3. ? old4. ? vintage
4. They caught a __________ glimpse of Angelina Jolie through the window.1. ? brief2. ? rapid3. ? fast4. ? quick
5. Castles are a __________ sight in Spain.1. ? common2. ? frequent3. ? usual4. ? typical
6. Everybody __________ the atmosphere there.1. ? enjoyed2. ? liked3. ? admired4. ? delighted in
7. The general __________ shows a steep fall in house prices.1. ? mode2. ? average3. ? trend4. ? fashion
8. The discovery was met with __________ joy.1. ? big2. ? sheer3. ? much4. ? great
9. Cutting out sugar from his diet was __________ on his list.1. ? high2. ? top3. ? up4. ? big
10. The serious health problems caused by sugar are generally __________with disbelief.1. ? heard2. ? met3. ? seen4. ? found
11. Carl Sagan's Cosmos is one of the greatest documentary films of __________ time.1. ? whole2. ? complete3. ? entire4. ? all
12. They __________ a great success of their new small business.1. ? managed2. ? did
3. ? tried4. ? made
13. The weather __________ an important part in their victory.1. ? played2. ? made3. ? did4. ? took
14. The robbery __________ important questions about security.1. ? caused2. ? raised3. ? made4. ? did
15. The white leather sofa __________ the entire length of the room.1. ? fell2. ? ran3. ? went4. ? was
16. His mother supplied an endless __________ of tea and cakes.1. ? range2. ? selection3. ? gamut4. ? stream
17. The incident marked a __________ point in her life.1. ? changing2. ? notable3. ? turning4. ? remarkable
Collocations – Exercise 2
1. The outbreak of disease was __________ by poor sanitary conditions.1. ? brought in2. ? brought out3. ? brought about4. ? brought down
2. The government __________ horrific experiments on prisoners in the 1950s.1. ? carried in2. ? carried out3. ? carried on4. ? carried over
3. Nanci Griffith __________ in Austin, Texas.1. ? grew up2. ? grew at3. ? grew out4. ? grew over
4. The local council __________ the old cinema.1. ? pulled over2. ? pulled about3. ? pulled in4. ? pulled down
5. Don't __________ til tomorrow what you can get done today.1. ? put over2. ? put off3. ? put about
4. ? put at6. The Body Shop was __________ in 1976 by the late Dame Anita Roddick.
1. ? set up2. ? set off3. ? set in4. ? set out
7. What was initially a great success, __________ a real disaster.1. ? turned in2. ? turned up3. ? turned into4. ? turned out
8. The unions helped __________ improvements in working conditions.1. ? bring about2. ? bring over3. ? bring up4. ? bring in
9. Princess Diana __________ in a mansion nextdoor to the Royal Family's mansion.1. ? grew into2. ? grew about3. ? grew up4. ? grew over
10. The Hungarians __________ a statue of Stalin.1. ? pulled out2. ? pulled up3. ? pulled down4. ? pulled at
11. The government __________ plans to protect the environment from new constructions.1. ? put about2. ? put on3. ? put off4. ? put over
12. The Spanish ministery for the environment, which was __________ in 1996, has now been closed down.
1. ? set about2. ? set over3. ? set up4. ? set down
13. The policeman refused to __________ orders.1. ? carry down2. ? carry away3. ? carry out4. ? carry over
14. The President __________ a megalomaniac.1. ? turned out2. ? turned in3. ? turned into4. ? turned about
Preposition Combinations – Exercise 1
1. A: Are you any good chess? B: No, not really. I nearly always lose .
2. Football and advertisements! I'm really fed up the telly these days.
3. I can't believe it. Carlos is afraid pigeons. It's ridiculous.
4. Pedro has a problem. He's jealous everything, even his own sister!
5. Carla is very worried her exams.
6. I get confused all this new technology.
7. That was very stupid him.
8. Are you aware the situation in Sierra Leone?
9 She's very excited her trip to Egypt..
10. I'm very bad tennis, I'm afraid.
11. My brother ate my chocolate mousse. I was very angry it.
12. I’m very interested nature and the environment.
13. My sister is very keen golf.
14. I’m tired playing computer games all day.
15. Hobbits are different dwarves.
16. Dad is very proud his old coin collection.
Preposition Combinations – Exercise 2
1. We got _____________ Paris in time for lunch.A. ? at
B. ? in
C. ? about
D. ? to
2. We arrived _____________ Paris in time for lunch.
A. ? in
B. ? to
C. ? about
D. ? at
3. We arrived _____________ the restaurant in time for lunch.A. ? to
B. ? about
C. ? in
D. ? at
4. I'm thinking _____________ buying a new printer.A. ? to
B. ? in
C. ? about
D. ? at
5. Are you listening _____________ me?A. ? at
B. ? in
C. ? to
D. ? about
6. What the heck are you talking _____________?A. ? about
B. ? in
C. ? to
D. ? at
7. A: Are you going to come to my cousin's wedding?B: No. I don't want _____________.
A. ? in
B. ? to
C. ? at
D. ? about
8. I must write _____________ Tony.A. ? about
B. ? to
C. ? in
D. ? at
9. He's always the last to hear _____________ what's going on around here.A. ? to
B. ? at
C. ? about
D. ? in
10. I'm sick of pubs. I feel like staying _____________ and watching a DVD.A. ? to
B. ? in
C. ? at
D. ? about
11. What time do you normally get _____________ the office in the morning?A. ? in
B. ? about
C. ? at
D. ? to
12. We were chatting _____________ the new neighbours over the fence.A. ? about
B. ? at
C. ? to
D. ? in
13. She wants _____________ buy a new car.A. ? at
B. ? in
C. ? about
D. ? to
14. If you don't stop laughing _____________ me, I'm going home.A. ? to
B. ? in
C. ? at
D. ? about
15. George Clooney arrived _____________ Spain yesterday to promote his new movie.A. ? in
B. ? at
C. ? to
D. ? about
16. We arrived _____________ the airport two hours before the flight was due to leave.A. ? about
B. ? in
C. ? at
D. ? to
