Caton Engine R2TPcatont6/mt-content/... · broadcast video over IP. While these services provide...
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www.catontechnology.com HQ : Hong Kong Offices: USA Beijing Shanghai Taiwan Japan Singapore Sales and info: [email protected] Media and Press: [email protected] Support: [email protected] Re-Define Video Transmission and File Transfer on open IP The Problem Caton Engine R2TP High Quality Video Contribution and Distribution over Open IP Networks Today, in order to meet these rapidly changing and growing needs, regional and global businesses primarily depend on expensive dedicated leased line and satellite solutions for commercial video services like OTT media distribution, production, and broadcast video over IP. While these services provide connections that reliably transmit and receive high-quality video and data, they are expensive and complex, both in provisioning and implementing, and they primarily rely on a 40+ year old technology, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). TCP’s high data transmission overhead limits usable bandwidth and significantly impairs performance in streaming and file transfer applications. Today’s massive files and higher speed connections using TCP cause traffic jams during transmission which can result in buffering, block noise and blackouts. Page 1 : Caton R2TP White Paper 1 https://www.nngroup.com/articles/law-of-bandwidth/ 2 Cisco VNI Forecast and Methodology, 2016-2021 https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/complete-white-paper-c11-481360.pdf 3 Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections. There are three major issues that contribute to poor performance in any IP network using TCP. Jitter is a common phenomenon caused by network congestion and buffering in network routes. Latency is the total time it takes for a packet of data to get from sender to receiver, usually measured in milliseconds (ms) and referred to as Round Trip Time (RTT). Packet Loss is the absence of a sent packet not received at the destination commonly due to congested networks and overall Latency. In today’s connected society, the Internet is one of the critical operational backbones for global business communications. Over the past two decades, utilization and dependence on private and public networks have required rapid growth in capacity, connectivity, and services. With this dramatic increase in use, demand for bandwidth has grown exponentially. High-end users demand alone has increased 60% year by year according to Nielsen’s Law of Internet Bandwidth . In addition to the increase in overall demand, the types of data transmitted have changed dramatically from low-bandwidth text and images to massive, interactive video and datasets. Globally, IP video traffic was 73 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2016 and will grow to 82 percent by 2021 . In fundamental ways the Internet has transformed into a super highway of transport and commerce, but the core technology used to facilitate this has not adapted to this change. 2 1 3
Transcript of Caton Engine R2TPcatont6/mt-content/... · broadcast video over IP. While these services provide...
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Re-D
efine Video Transmission and File Transfer on open IP
The Problem
Caton Engine R2TP High Quality Video Contribution and Distribution over Open IP Networks
Today, in order to meet these rapidly changing and growing needs, regional and global businesses primarily depend on expensive dedicated leased line and satellite solutions for commercial video services like OTT media distribution, production, and broadcast video over IP. While these services provide connections that reliably transmit and receive high-quality video and data, they are expensive and complex, both in provisioning and implementing, and they primarily rely on a 40+ year old technology, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP).
TCP’s high data transmission overhead limits usable bandwidth and significantly impairs performance in streaming and file transfer applications. Today’s massive files and higher speed connections using TCP cause traffic jams during transmission which can result in buffering, block noise and blackouts.
Page 1 : Caton R2TP White Paper
1 https://www.nngroup.com/articles/law-of-bandwidth/2 Cisco VNI Forecast and Methodology, 2016-2021 https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/complete-white-paper-c11-481360.pdf3 Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queueing delay, packet loss or the blocking of new connections.
There are three major issues that contribute to poor performance in any IP network using TCP.
Jitter is a common phenomenon caused by network congestion and buffering in network routes.
Latency is the total time it takes for a packet of data to get from sender to receiver, usually measured in milliseconds (ms) and referred to as Round Trip Time (RTT).
Packet Loss is the absence of a sent packet not received at the destination commonly due to congested networks and overall Latency.
In today’s connected society, the Internet is one of the critical operational backbones for global business communications. Over the past two decades, utilization and dependence on private and public networks have required rapid growth in capacity, connectivity, and services.
With this dramatic increase in use, demand for bandwidth has grown exponentially. High-end users demand alone has increased 60% year by year according to Nielsen’s Law of Internet Bandwidth . In addition to the increase in overall demand, the types of data transmitted have changed dramatically from low-bandwidth text and images to massive, interactive video and datasets. Globally, IP video traffic was 73 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2016 and will grow to 82 percent by 2021 .
In fundamental ways the Internet has transformed into a super highway of transport and commerce, but the core technology used to facilitate this has not adapted to this change.
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Traditional Solutions
Generally, there are 2 common error recovery techniques for live video streaming, Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
FEC inserts additional packets with redundant information, calculated from video packets to the video streams. This redundancy allows the receiver to detect a limited number of errors that may occur anywhere in the transmission, and to correct these errors without re-transmission.
Pro-MPEG Code of Practice 3 (CoP3) adopts SMPTE 2022-1, a well-known FEC standard used by the broadcast industry. CoP3 FEC is designed to protect a video stream from burst packet losses. However, it suffers from several significant limitations.
The CoP3 standard generates FEC packets based on a matrix-defined model. This matrix is fixed and can be easily overwhelmed, which can result in an insufficient amount of FEC checksum packets available to recover all lost packets.
CoP3 FEC operates at a constant bandwidth overhead regardless how many errors occur. With constant changes in network conditions, the sender must either set significant bandwidth overhead (and incur the additional cost) to account for intermittent poor network quality or risk the FEC matrix being unable to recover all lost packets.
The receiver must wait for all packets in a single matrix before attempting recovery, adding delay to the path. This delay depends on the matrix size and stream bitrate. In low bitrate links, this extra delay can increase significantly.
While Pro-MPEG CoP3 FEC may be adequate for private IP links, it is not robust and efficient enough to handle the challenges associated with moving motion images over high-loss and variable IP networks such as the Public Internet. Other FEC methods are not significantly different in handling these challenges.
ARQ detects packet loss at the receiver-side and sends feedback or Acknowledgement (ACK) to the sender, who then retransmits the lost packets. This method is used by TCP and TCP-like protocols, as well as many open source and private protocols like SRT and IBM’s FASPStream. ARQ has several limitations, even when paired with FEC.
In TCP or TCP-like protocols, when packet loss is detected, the sender will decrease the congestion window size and usually decrease the transmission rate as well. This eventually causes video delay and an increase in sent buffer increments. These packet losses may result in a buffer overflow that may never be recovered.
Under highly congested or poor network conditions, ARQ will increase end-to-end delay significantly. For example, when packet loss ratio is 30%, the stream will need at least 10 times the RTT delay to maintain reliable transmission. This would create a delay of more than 2 seconds for most Open Internet, trans-continental connections.
The above outlines issues in both FEC and ARQ occur even when network connections are working well. Any unstable network conditions will further increase degradation in service.
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Bandwidth Utilization Ratio (BUR)
“Bandwidth Utilization Ratio” (BUR) is defined as the ratio of the valid traffic (useful data) throughput rate to maximum bandwidth. For example, in a point-to-point transmission, if both upload and download bandwidth are 100Mbps and a video stream’s maximum bitrate is 10Mbps by using TCP, then the BUR of TCP over this connection is 10%.
In addition to these challenges, network conditions on the Internet are constantly changing. These changes mean that any single algorithm cannot adjust for the all of the combinations of jitter, latency and packet-loss at one point in time.
These bandwidth-robbing and disruptive errors drop the effective performance of the network’s “Bandwidth Utilization Ratio” (BUR), regardless of the overall bandwidth of the IP Connection. Specifically, the following formula (Mathis ) dictates the maximum approximate throughput:
TCP T hroughput ≈1.22*MSS
RT T L
Where:MSS: (maximum segment size) typ. MTU-40B (TCP/IP header)RTT: round trip timeL : Loss rate in %
4 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.3452&rep=rep1&type=pdf
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Caton believes in a new generation of the Internet, one that does not require a disruptive change in devices or infrastructure but takes advantage of the network in place, simply making it more efficient and robust. Caton’s protocols provide a management layer to unmanaged network layers.
Bandwidth Jitter and Delay Packet loss
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Page 3 : Caton R2TP White Paper
The Solution - Caton Engine
Caton Technology has been developing for the past 8 years a highly advanced, adaptive suite of algorithms to power a new way of transporting today’s massive data requirements – the Caton Engine. Caton Engine’s real-time video streaming profile, R2TP (Reliable Realtime Transport Protocol), applies a sophisticated, SMPTE ST 2022 compliant management layer over the transmission path, end-to-end, that manages jitter, recovers lost packets more efficiently, reduces latency , and all but eliminates the high data overhead that wastes bandwidth, regardless of network conditions. R2TP requires no changes to the transport stream wrapped file structure. Data input is delivered unaltered and the identical stream is output at the receive site. R2TP supports built-in encryption, so data is sent securely and seamlessly.
The Caton Engine’s R2TP replaces legacy protocols commonly used by many service providers, enabling a more efficient, managed IP connection. Today, major broadcasters, content creators and enterprises around the world have already cut the cord on high-priced leased line services and now use the Public internet as their communications superhighway using Caton Engine’s R2TP.
The TechnologyCaton Engine’s R2TP is an IP-based transport protocol designed specifically to solve QoS/QoE problems for live data transmission over the Internet. Applying highly advanced network congestion control techniques, R2TP maximizes Bandwidth Utilization Ratio (BUR) for high-quality content over nearly any given bandwidth. R2TP applies highly efficient error correction mechanisms by combining a variant Automatic Repeat Request [ARQ] retransmit method and Caton’s Adaptive Network Code (ANC) engine to ensure highly reliable transmissions with lower latency.
A significant challenge to transmitting live data over the Internet is the constant changes of the network. R2TP adopts a pattern matching algorithm to analyze and adapt to real-time network conditions, then applies the most suitable algorithm for detecting and recovering packet loss dynamically.
Traditional TCP Performance Caton Engine R2TP vs TCP
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Page 4 : Caton R2TP White Paper
The Key features of Caton Engine include:
Caton Engine uses proprietary technology to reduce the number of retransmit requests of lost packets. An adaptive protocol, it uses network status data to create updated network profiles. It dynamically changes the profile in parallel to changing network conditions, significantly improving ARQ efficiency.
Applying an advanced clock synchronization mechanism, Caton Engine counts packet sequence numbers and applies an algorithm based on packet-gap and network parameters. It detects packet loss as soon as it occurs, even in a continuous packet loss scenario. The return link is only used to transmit negative acknowledgements (NACK), resulting in a very low overhead of return bandwidth.
Advanced ARQ
Adaptive Network Code (ANC) EngineANC encodes packets with a variety of algorithms to adapt to different network conditions and recovers errors by the most efficient way even under network conditions with changing loss distribution.
Caton Engine uses advanced Dynamic Error Correction through the ANC Engine to change recovery algorithms in real time base on network conditions. This makes even unmanaged Open IP networks more reliable regardless of changing delay and packet loss.
Dynamic Error CorrectionCaton Engine’s R2TP is specially designed for video transmissions. It embeds timestamp analysis during transmission, prioritizing error correction in the order of time and frames. This ensures that the data can be displayed in the right sequential order – critical for real time content.
Timestamp-aware
In scenarios where customers have multiple network links available, Caton Engine’s R2TP implements a dynamic multi-path bonding method to overcome low bandwidth or unstable network conditions. By implementing an intelligent network load-balancing strategy, R2TP can bond multiple links into a virtual link and balance the data traffic of each link dynamically based on real-time network requirements and the multi-path conditions.
Multi-pathing
Caton Engine R2TP enables Receiver Traffic Shaping to create a virtual link with almost zero-jitter further improving QoS over unstable network conditions.
Receiver Traffic ShapingCaton Engine supports both AES-128 or AES-256 encryption throughout the end-to-end data connection. This provides full security for all content during transmission.
Data encryption
ConclusionCaton Technology focuses on addressing the growing challenge of Open Internet usage for an ever-expanding and changing network requirement. Implementing protocols which seamlessly address the limitations of legacy technology, Caton has enabled an easy-to-use, scalable solution for managing large, real-time data transmission. Caton’s solution fits easily into existing infrastructure, such as leased line and private network services, enabling lower cost expansion and new deployment models for a broad category of markets.
Caton Engine’s R2TP, deployed around the world today, offers a fully optimized and managed means for transmission and distribution of high-quality motion images, all with proven cost savings compared to traditional private network or leased line solutions. Data format and bandwidth agnostic, Caton Engine’s R2TP solutions will continue to serve you even as your needs change and grow.
Caton Technology has a full range of solutions from monitoring to managed distribution. Caton Technology offers a family of products that provide a complete workflow, from encode to delivery to decode, using R2TP. The effective performance of your IP connection performs to the level of more expensive leased lines and private networks, all at a huge savings
