TheProjectGutenbergeBook,Cato,byJosephAddison,etal

ThiseBookisfortheuseofanyoneanywhereatnocostandwith

almostnorestrictionswhatsoever.Youmaycopyit,giveitawayor

re-useitunderthetermsoftheProjectGutenbergLicenseincluded

withthiseBookoronlineatwww.gutenberg.org

Title:Cato

ATragedy,inFiveActs

Author:JosephAddison

ReleaseDate:March10,2010[eBook#31592]

Language:English

Charactersetencoding:ISO-8859-1

***STARTOFTHEPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOKCATO***

E-textpreparedbyDelphineLettauandtheProjectGutenbergOnlineDistributedProofreadingCanadaTeam(http://www.pgdpcanada.net)

CATO;

ATragedy,INFIVEACTS,

BYJOSEPHADDISON,ESQ.

ASPERFORMEDATTHE

THEATREROYAL,COVENTGARDEN.

PRINTEDUNDERTHEAUTHORITYOFTHEMANAGERSFROMTHEPROMPTBOOK.

WITHREMARKS

BYMRS.INCHBALD.

PARIS,

PRINTEDFORBAUDRY,

ENGLISH,ITALIAN,SPANISH,PORTUGUESEANDGERMANLIBRARY,RUEDUCOQ-SAINT-HONORÉ.

1823.

REMARKS.

Theauthorof this tragedy, towhosevigorousmindtheEnglishare indebtedfortheirchoicestmoralworks,cameintotheworldwithaframesoweak,thathewaschristenedimmediatelyonhisbirth,inconsequenceofthesymptomshegave of a speedy dissolution. The hand which reared him did a more thanordinary service to the age in which he lived, and to succeeding generations.Addison'spiouswritings,untaintedbytherigourofsuperstition,havesoftenedtheharshspiritofancientreligion,whilsttheyhaveconfirmedallitsprinciples.

HewasthesonoftheReverendLauncelotAddison,RectorofMilston,inthecountyofWilts,atwhichplacehewasborn,onthe6thofMay,1672.

After passing through some inferior schools, he was placed at the Charter-House; where he contracted that intimacy with Steele, which grew to afriendshiphonourabletothemboth,fromitsduration,andtheinstructionswhichtheirjointlabourbestowedonmankind.

Attheageoffifteen,youngAddisonwasenteredatQueen'sCollege,Oxford,where he applied himself so closely to study, that, in a few years, his Latinpoetrygainedhimhighreputationinbothuniversities,and,attheageoftwenty-two,hebecameknowntothenationatlargebyhisEnglishcompositions.

Hewasnowpressedbyhisfathertotakeholyorders;which,notwithstandinghissedateturnofmind,andhishabitsofpiety,hepositivelyrefused.Mr.Tickellhas alleged, that it was Addison's extreme modesty, a constitutional timidity,which made him resolve against being in the church—but he became astatesman;and,surely, that isacharacterwhichrequiresasmuchcourageasaclergyman's,whenthechurchisnotunderpersecution.

The first dramatic work from the pen of Addison, was an opera called"Rosamond,"whichhavingbutindifferentsuccess,henextassistedSteeleinhisplay of "The Tender Husband;" for which the author surprised him by a

dedication,openlytoavowtheobligation.

Thesetwofriendsnowunitedtheireffortsinthatwell-knownperiodicalwork,"TheSpectator;"bywhichtheyreformedthemanners,aswellasthemorals,oftheir readers, and established their own literary fame. But, as the talents ofAddisonweresuperior to thoseofSteele,soare thepapers in thisworkwhichwerewrittenbyhimesteemedabovetherest;—and,asamarkofdistinction,hehadthelaudable,orhisfriendSteelethehonestpride,toaffixaletterattheendof every such paper, by which it should be known for his. The Muse Cliofurnished the four letters which have been thus used in "The Spectator," asAddison'shonourablestampofauthorship.

Intheperiodicalworkof"TheGuardian"hehadlikewisesomeshare;and,in1713,heproduced,whatDr.Johnsonhascalled"thenoblestworkofAddison'sgenius"—"Cato."

Notwithstandingthemeritofthisplay,itiscertainthatitwasindebtedtothepoliticalcircumstancesofthetimes,forthatenthusiasticapplausewithwhichitwasreceivedbythetown.

The joyor sorrowwhichanauthor is certain toexperienceuponeverynewproduction, is farmorepowerful in theheartofadramatist than in thatofanyother writer. The sound of clamorous plaudits raises his spirits to a kind ofecstacy;whilsthissesandgroans,fromadissatisfiedaudience,strikeontheearlikeapersonalinsult,avowingloudandpubliccontemptforthatinwhichhehasbeenlabouringtoshowhisskill.

Addison, with his timid nature, felt all the excruciating tortures of anambitious,yetafearfuldramatist.Hecouldnotstayathomeonthefirstnightof"Cato;"for tobe told,atonce, thathis tragedywasdrivenfromthestagewithderision,hadbeentohis tremulousnerveslikethedartofdeath.Notlessperilmighthavebefallenhimasanauditor—hethereforewasneitherpresentonthefirstperformance,norabsentfromthetheatre;—but,placinghimselfonabenchinthegreen-room,hisbodymotionless,hissoulintumult,hekeptbyhissideafriend,whomhedispatchedeveryminutetowardsthestage,tobringhimnewsof what was passing there. He thus secured, he conceived, progressiveinformationofhisfate,withouttheriskofhearingitfromanenragedmultitude.Butsuchwasthevehemenceofapplause,thatshoutsofadmirationforcedtheir

waythroughthewallsofthegreen-room,beforehismessengercouldreturnwiththegladsometidings.Yet,nottill thelastsentencewasspoken,andthecurtainfairly dropped upon Cato and his weeping friends, did the author venture tomove from the inanimate position inwhich hewas fixed.This acute dread offailurenowheightenedthejoyofsuccess,andneverwassuccessmorecomplete.

"Cato,"saysPope,inalettertooneofhisfriends,writtenatthetime,"wasnotsomuchthewonderofRomeinhisdays,asheisofBritaininours."

Themost fortunate of all occurrences tookplace, from the skillwithwhichAddison drew this illustriousRoman—he gave him somuch virtue, that bothWhigsandToriesdeclaredhimoftheirparty;andinsteadofanyone,oneitherside,opposinghissentencesinthecauseoffreedom,allstrovewhichshouldthemosthonourhim.

Bothauditorsandreaders, since thatnotedperiod,muchas theymaypraisethistragedy,complainthatitwantstheveryfirstrequisiteofadramaticwork—power toaffect thepassions.Thiscriticismshows, to thefullextent,howmenwereimpassioned,atthattime,bytheirpoliticalsentiments.Theybroughttheirpassionswiththemtotheplayhouse,firedonthesubjectoftheplay;andallthepoethadtodowastoextendtheflame.

It is a charge against this drama, that the love scenes are all insipid; but itshouldbeconsidered,thatneitherCatonorhisfamily,withstrictpropriety,couldloveanythingbuttheircountry.—Asthisisalovewhichwomenfeelinamuchlessdegreethanmen,andasbondage,notliberty,iswoman'swish,"Cato,"withallhispatriotism,musteverbeadullentertainmenttothefemalesex;andmenofcoursereceivebutlittlepleasurefromelegantamusements,ofwhichwomendonotpartake.

ThelanguageandsentimentscontainedhereareworthyofthegreatAddisonandthegreatCato;andif,asitisobjected,thecharactersaretooelevatedtobenatural,yettheyaccordwiththatideaofnaturewhichimaginationconceivesofsuchremarkablepersonages.

Theauthorof"Cato"hadplannedothertragediesandcelebratedworks,whichthesubsequentpartofhisdaysdidnotgivehimleisure toexecute; for,on thedeathofQueenAnne,theLordsJusticesmadehimtheirSecretary:hewassoon

after appointed principal Secretary of State. These, and other publicemployments, prevented his completing farther literary designs.Or, itmay bethought, that the lossofhisdomestic tranquillity, at this time,byhismarriagewith the Countess Dowager ofWarwick, might possibly impede every futureattemptforthefavouroftheMuses,towhomthis,hiswife,hadnottheslightestaffinity. It is supposed she embittered, by arrogance and discontent, theremainderofthisgoodman'slife,whichterminatedonthe17thofJune,1719,inthe47thyearofhisage.HediedatHollandHouse,nearKensington,andleftanonlychild,adaughter,bytheCountess.

LadyWarwickhadalsoasonbyherformerhusband,averyfine,spirited,andaccomplished youth, for whose welfare the dying Addison showed peculiarconcern; for, in the extremityofhisdisorder, havingdismissedhisphysicians,andwith themall hopesof recovery, hedesired that theyoungLordWarwickmightbecalledtohisbedside.Hecame—butlifewasnowfastdepartingfromhisreveredfather-in-law,andheutterednotaword.Afteranafflictingpause,theyoungmansaid,"Dearsir,yousentforme;Ibelieve,andIhope,thatyouhavesome commands; I shall hold themmost sacred."Grasping his hand,Addisonsoftlyreplied,"Isentforyou,thatyoumightseeinwhatpeaceaChristiancandie."Hespokewithdifficulty,andinstantlyexpired.

It is to this circumstanceMr.Tickell refers in his lines onAddison's death,wherehehasthispassage:

"Hetaughtushowtolive;and,oh!toohighApriceforknowledge,taughtushowtodie."

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.Cato, Mr.Cooke.Portius, Mr.Siddons.Marcus, Mr.H.Johnston.Sempronius, Mr.Cory.

Juba, Mr.Brunton.Syphax, Mr.Murray.Lucius, Mr.Claremont.Decius, Mr.Williams.Lucia, MissMarriott.Marcia, Mrs.Litchfield.

Mutineers,Guards,etc.

SCENE—TheGovernor'sPalaceinUtica.

CATO.ACTTHEFIRST.

SCENEI.

AHall.

EnterPORTIUSandMARCUS.

Por.Thedawnisovercast,themorninglow'rs,Andheavilyincloudsbringsontheday,Thegreat,theimportantday,bigwiththefateOfCatoandofRome——Ourfather'sdeathWouldfillupalltheguiltofcivilwar,Andclosethesceneofblood.AlreadyCæsarHasravagedmorethanhalftheglobe,andseesMankindgrownthinbyhisdestructivesword:Shouldhegofarther,numberswouldbewantingToformnewbattles,andsupporthiscrimes.Yegods,whathavocdoesambitionmakeAmongyourworks!Marc.Thysteadytemper,Portius,

Canlookonguilt,rebellion,fraud,andCæsar,Inthecalmlightsofmildphilosophy;I'mtorturede'entomadness,whenIthinkOntheproudvictor—ev'rytimehe'snamed,Pharsaliarisestomyview!—IseeTh'insultingtyrant,prancingo'erthefield,Strew'dwithRome'scitizens,anddrench'dinslaughter;

Hishorse'shoofswetwithpatricianblood!Oh,Portius!istherenotsomechosencurse,SomehiddenthunderinthestoresofHeav'n,Redwithuncommonwrath,toblastthemanWhooweshisgreatnesstohiscountry'sruin?Por.Believeme,Marcus,'tisanimpiousgreatness,

Andmix'dwithtoomuchhorrortobeenvied:Howdoesthelustreofourfather'sactions,Throughthedarkcloudofillsthatcoverhim,Breakout,andburnwithmoretriumphantbrightness!Hissufferingsshine,andspreadagloryroundhim;Greatlyunfortunate,hefightsthecauseOfhonour,virtue,liberty,andRome.Hisswordne'erfell,butontheguiltyhead;Oppression,tyranny,andpow'rusurp'd,Drawallthevengeanceofhisarmuponthem.Marc.Whoknowsnotthis?butwhatcanCatodo

Againstaworld,abase,degenerateworld,Thatcourtstheyoke,andbowsthenecktoCæsar?PentupinUtica,hevainlyformsApoorepitomeofRomangreatness,And,cover'dwithNumidianguards,directsAfeeblearmy,andanemptysenate,Remnantsofmightybattlesfoughtinvain.ByHeav'n,suchvirtue,join'dwithsuchsuccess,Distractsmyverysoul!Ourfather'sfortuneWouldalmosttemptustorenouncehisprecepts.Por.Rememberwhatourfatherofthastoldus:

ThewaysofHeav'naredarkandintricate,

Puzzledinmazes,andperplex'dwitherrors;Ourunderstandingtracestheminvain,Lostandbewilder'dinthefruitlesssearch;Norseeswithhowmuchartthewindingsrun,Norwheretheregularconfusionends.Marc.Thesearesuggestionsofamindatease:—

Oh,Portius!didstthoutastebuthalfthegriefsThatwringmysoul,thoucouldstnottalkthuscoldly.Passionunpitied,andsuccesslesslove,Plantdaggersinmyheart,andaggravateMyothergriefs.—WerebutmyLuciakind——Por.Thousee'stnotthatthybrotheristhyrival;

ButImusthideit,forIknowthytemper. [Aside.BeholdyoungJuba,theNumidianprince,Withhowmuchcareheformshimselftoglory,Andbreaksthefiercenessofhisnativetemper,Tocopyoutourfather'sbrightexample.HelovesoursisterMarcia,greatlylovesher;Hiseyes,hislooks,hisactions,allbetrayit;Butstillthesmother'dfondnessburnswithinhim;Whenmostitswells,andlaboursforavent,Thesenseofhonour,anddesireoffame,Drivethebigpassionbackintohisheart.What!shallanAfrican,shallJuba'sheir,ReproachgreatCato'sson,andshowtheworldAvirtuewantinginaRomansoul?Marc.Portius,nomore!yourwordsleavestingsbehindthem.

Whene'erdidJuba,ordidPortius,showAvirtuethathascastmeatadistance,

Andthrownmeoutinthepursuitsofhonour?Por.Marcus,Iknowthygen'roustemperwell;

Flingbuttheappearanceofdishonouronit,Itstraighttakesfire,andmountsintoablaze.Marc.Abrother'ssuff'ringsclaimabrother'spity.

Por.Heav'nknows,Ipitythee——Beholdmyeyes,

Ev'nwhilstIspeak—Dotheynotswimintears?Werebutmyheartasnakedtothyview,Marcuswouldseeitbleedinhisbehalf.Marc.Whythendosttreatmewithrebukes,instead

Ofkindcondolingcares,andfriendlysorrow?Por.Oh,Marcus!didIknowthewaytoease

Thytroubledheart,andmitigatethypains,Marcus,believeme,Icoulddietodoit.Marc.Thoubestofbrothers,andthoubestoffriends!

Pardonaweakdistemper'dsoul,thatswellsWithsuddengusts,andsinksassoonincalms,Thesportofpassions.ButSemproniuscomes:Hemustnotfindthissoftnesshangingonme.

[ExitMARCUS.

EnterSEMPRONIUS.Sem.Conspiraciesnosoonershouldbeform'd

Thanexecuted.WhatmeansPortiushere?Ilikenotthatcoldyouth.Imustdissemble,

Andspeakalanguageforeigntomyheart. [Aside.Good-morrow,Portius;letusonceembrace,Oncemoreembrace,whileyetwebotharefree.To-morrow,shouldwethusexpressourfriendship,Eachmightreceiveaslaveintohisarms;Thissun,perhaps,thismorningsun'sthelastThate'ershallriseonRomanliberty.Por.Myfatherhasthismorningcall'dtogether

Tothispoorhall,hislittleRomansenate,(TheleavingsofPharsalia)toconsultIfhecanyetopposethemightytorrentThatbearsdownRomeandallhergodsbeforeit,OrmustatlengthgiveuptheworldtoCæsar.Sem.NotallthepompandmajestyofRome

CanraisehersenatemorethanCato'spresence.Hisvirtuesrenderourassemblyawful,Theystrikewithsomethinglikereligiousfear,AndmakeevenCæsartrembleattheheadOfarmiesflush'dwithconquest.Oh,myPortius!CouldIbutcallthatwond'rousmanmyfather,WouldbutthysisterMarciabepropitiousTothyfriend'svows,Imightbeblestindeed!Por.Alas,Sempronius!wouldstthoutalkoflove

ToMarcia,whilstherfather'slife'sindanger?Thoumight'staswellcourtthepale,tremblingvestal,Whenshebeholdstheholyflameexpiring.Sem.ThemoreIseethewondersofthyrace,

ThemoreI'mcharm'd.Thoumusttakeheed,myPortius;

TheworldhasallitseyesonCato'sson;Thyfather'smeritsetstheeuptoview,Andshowstheeinthefairestpointoflight,Tomakethyvirtuesorthyfaultsconspicuous.Por.Welldostthouseemtocheckmyling'ringhere

Inthisimportanthour—I'llstraightaway,AndwhilethefathersofthesenatemeetInclosedebate,toweighth'eventsofwar,I'llanimatethesoldiers'droopingcourageWithloveoffreedomandcontemptoflife;I'llthunderintheirearstheircountry'scause,Andtrytorouseupallthat'sRomaninthem.'Tisnotinmortalstocommandsuccess,Butwe'lldomore,Sempronius—we'lldeserveit. [Exit.Sem.Curseonthestripling!howheapeshissire!

Ambitiouslysententious—ButIwonderOldSyphaxcomesnot;hisNumidiangeniusIswelldisposedtomischief,werehepromptAndeageronit;buthemustbespurr'd,Andeverymomentquicken'dtothecourse.Catohasusedmeill;hehasrefusedHisdaughterMarciatomyardentvows.Besides,hisbaffledarms,andruin'dcause,Arebarstomyambition.Cæsar'sfavour,Thatshow'rsdowngreatnessonhisfriends,willraisemeToRome'sfirsthonours.IfIgiveupCato,Iclaim,inmyreward,hiscaptivedaughter.ButSyphaxcomes——

EnterSYPHAX.

Syph.Sempronius,allisready;

I'vesoundedmyNumidians,manbyman,Andfindthemripeforarevolt:theyallComplainaloudofCato'sdiscipline,Andwaitbutthecommandtochangetheirmaster.Sem.Believeme,Syphax,there'snotimetowaste;

Ev'nwhilewespeak,ourconquerorcomeson,Andgathersgrounduponuseverymoment.Alas!thouknow'stnotCæsar'sactivesoul,WithwhatadreadfulcourseherushesonFromwartowar.Invainhasnatureform'dMountainsandoceanst'opposehispassage;Heboundso'erall.OnedaymoreWillsetthevictorthund'ringatourgates.But,tellme,hastthouyetdrawno'eryoungJuba?ThatstillwouldrecommendtheemoretoCæsar,Andchallengebetterterms.Syph.Alas!he'slost!

He'slost,Sempronius;allhisthoughtsarefullOfCato'svirtues—ButI'lltryoncemore(ForeveryinstantIexpecthimhere)IfyetIcansubduethosestubbornprinciplesOffaithandhonour,andIknownotwhat,ThathavecorruptedhisNumidiantemper,Andstruckth'infectionintoallhissoul.Sem.Besuretopressuponhimeverymotive.

Juba'ssurrender,sincehisfather'sdeath,

WouldgiveupAfricintoCæsar'shands,Andmakehimlordofhalftheburningzone.Syph.Butisittrue,Sempronius,thatyoursenate

Iscall'dtogether?Gods!thoumustbecautious;Catohaspiercingeyes,andwilldiscernOurfrauds,unlessthey'recover'dthickwithart.Sem.Letmealone,goodSyphax,I'llconceal

Mythoughtsinpassion('tisthesurestway);I'llbellowoutforRome,andformycountry,AndmouthatCæsar,tillIshakethesenate.Yourcoldhypocrisy'sastaledevice,Aworn-outtrick:wouldstthoubethoughtinearnest,Clothethyfeign'dzealinrage,infire,infury!Syph.Introth,thou'rtabletoinstructgreyhairs,

AndteachthewilyAfricandeceit.Sem.OncemorebesuretotrythyskillonJuba.

Remember,Syphax,wemustworkinhaste;Oh,thinkwhatanxiousmomentspassbetweenThebirthofplots,andtheirlastfatalperiods!Oh,'tisadreadfulintervaloftime,Fill'dupwithhorrorall,andbigwithdeath!Destructionhangsoneverywordwespeak,Oneverythought,tilltheconcludingstrokeDeterminesall,andclosesourdesign. [Exit.Syph.I'lltryifyetIcanreducetoreason

Thisheadstrongyouth,andmakehimspurnatCato.Thetimeisshort;Cæsarcomesrushingonus—

Buthold!youngJubaseesme,andapproaches!

EnterJUBA.Jub.Syphax,Ijoytomeettheethusalone.

Ihaveobservedoflatethylooksarefall'n,O'ercastwithgloomycaresanddiscontent;Thentellme,Syphax,Iconjurethee,tellme,Whatarethethoughtsthatknitthybrowinfrowns,Andturnthineeyethuscoldlyonthyprince?Syph.'Tisnotmytalenttoconcealmythoughts,

Orcarrysmilesandsunshineinmyface,Whendiscontentsitsheavyatmyheart;IhavenotyetsomuchtheRomaninme.Jub.Whydostthoucastoutsuchungenerousterms

Againstthelordsandsov'reignsoftheworld?Dostthounotseemankindfalldownbeforethem,Andowntheforceoftheirsuperiorvirtue?IsthereanationinthewildsofAfric,Amidstourbarrenrocksandburningsands,ThatdoesnottrembleattheRomanname?Syph.Gods!where'stheworththatsetsthesepeopleup

AboveyourownNumidia'stawnysons?Dotheywithtoughersinewsbendthebow?Orfliesthejavelinswiftertoitsmark,Launch'dfromthevigourofaRomanarm?WholikeouractiveAfricaninstructsThefierysteed,andtrainshimtohishand?Orguidesintroopsth'embattledelephant

Ladenwithwar?These,thesearearts,myprince,InwhichyourZamadoesnotstooptoRome.Jub.Theseallarevirtuesofameanerrank:

Perfectionsthatareplacedinbonesandnerves.ARomansoulisbentonhigherviews;TurnupthyeyestoCato;Theremay'stthouseetowhatagodlikeheightTheRomanvirtuesliftupmortalman.Whilegood,andjust,andanxiousforhisfriends,He'sstillseverelybentagainsthimself;AndwhenhisfortunesetsbeforehimallThepompsandpleasuresthathissoulcanwish,Hisrigidvirtuewillacceptofnone.Syph.Believeme,prince,there'snotanAfrican

ThattraversesourvastNumidiandesertsInquestofprey,andlivesuponhisbow,Butbetterpractisesthoseboastedvirtues.Coarsearehismeals,thefortuneofthechase;Amidsttherunningstreamheslakeshisthirst;Toilsalltheday,and,attheapproachofnight,Onthefirstfriendlybankhethrowshimdown,Orrestshisheaduponarocktillmorn;Thenrisesfresh,pursueshiswontedgame,AndifthefollowingdayhechancetofindAnewrepast,oranuntastedspring,Blesseshisstars,andthinksitluxury.Jub.Thyprejudices,Syphax,won'tdiscern

Whatvirtuesgrowfromignoranceandchoice,Norhowtheherodiffersfromthebrute.

Whereshallwefindthemanthatbearsaffliction,Greatandmajesticinhisgriefs,likeCato?Howdoesheriseagainstaloadofwoes,Andthankthegodsthatthrewtheweightuponhim!Syph.'Tispride,rankpride,andhaughtinessofsoul;

IthinktheRomanscallitstoicism.HadnotyourroyalfatherthoughtsohighlyOfRomanvirtue,andofCato'scause,Hehadnotfall'nbyaslave'shandinglorious.Jub.Whydostthoucallmysorrowsupafresh?

Myfather'snamebringstearsintomyeyes.Syph.Oh,thatyou'dprofitbyyourfather'sills!

Jub.Whatwouldstthouhavemedo?

Syph.AbandonCato.

Jub.Syphax,Ishouldbemorethantwiceanorphan

Bysuchaloss.Syph.Ay,there'sthetiethatbindsyou!

Youlongtocallhimfather.Marcia'scharmsWorkinyourheartunseen,andpleadforCato.NowonderyouaredeaftoallIsay.Jub.Syphax,yourzealbecomesimportunate;

I'vehithertopermittedittorave,Andtalkatlarge;butlearntokeepitin,LestitshouldtakemorefreedomthanI'llgiveit.

Syph.Sir,yourgreatfatherneverusedmethus.

Alas,he'sdead!butcanyoue'erforgetThetendersorrows,Andrepeatedblessings,Whichyoudrewfromhiminyourlastfarewell?Thegoodoldking,atparting,wrungmyhand,(Hiseyesbrimfuloftears)thensighingcried,Pr'ytheebecarefulofmyson!——HisgriefSwell'dupsohigh,hecouldnotuttermore.Jub.Alas!thystorymeltsawaymysoul!

Thatbestoffathers!howshallIdischargeThegratitudeanddutythatIowehim?Syph.Bylayinguphiscounselsinyourheart.

Jub.Hiscounselsbademeyieldtothydirection:

Then,Syphax,chidemeinseverestterms,Ventallthypassion,andI'llstanditsshock,Calmandunruffledasasummersea,Whennotabreathofwindflieso'eritssurface.Syph.Alas!myprince,I'dguideyoutoyoursafety.

Jub.Idobelievethouwouldst;buttellmehow?

Syph.FlyfromthefatethatfollowsCæsar'sfoes.

Jub.Myfatherscorn'dtodoit.

Syph.Andthereforedied.

Jub.Bettertodietenthousandthousanddeaths,

Thanwoundmyhonour.Syph.Rathersay,yourlove.

Jub.Syphax,I'vepromisedtopreservemytemper;

WhywiltthouurgemetoconfessaflameIlonghavestifled,andwouldfainconceal?Syph.Believeme,prince,thoughhardtoconquerlove,

'Tiseasytodivertandbreakitsforce.Absencemightcureit,orasecondmistressLightupanotherflame,andputoutthis.TheglowingdamesofZama'sroyalcourtHavefacesflush'dwithmoreexaltedcharms;Wereyouwiththese,myprince,you'dsoonforgetThepale,unripen'dbeautiesofthenorth.Jub.'Tisnotasetoffeatures,orcomplexion,

Thetinctureofaskin,thatIadmire:Beautysoongrowsfamiliartothelover,Fadesinhiseye,andpallsuponthesense.ThevirtuousMarciatow'rsabovehersex:True,sheisfair(Oh,howdivinelyfair!),Butstillthelovelymaidimproveshercharms,Withinwardgreatness,unaffectedwisdom,Andsanctityofmanners;Cato'ssoulShinesoutineverythingsheactsorspeaks,WhilewinningmildnessandattractivesmilesDwellinherlooks,and,withbecominggrace,Softentherigourofherfather'svirtue.

Syph.Howdoesyourtonguegrowwantoninherpraise!

Butonmyknees,Ibegyouwouldconsider—Jub.Ha!Syphax,is'tnotshe?—Shemovesthisway;

AndwithherLucia,Lucius'sfairdaughter.Myheartbeatsthick—Ipr'ythee,Syphax,leaveme.Syph.Tenthousandcursesfastenonthemboth!

Nowwillthewoman,withasingleglance,UndowhatI'vebeenlab'ringallthiswhile. [ExitSYPHAX.

EnterMARCIAandLUCIA.Jub.Hail,charmingmaid!Howdoesthybeautysmooth

Thefaceofwar,andmakeevenhorrorsmile!Atsightoftheemyheartshakesoffitssorrows;Ifeeladawnofjoybreakinuponme,Andforawhileforgetth'approachofCæsar.Marcia.Ishouldbegrieved,youngprince,tothinkmypresence

Unbentyourthoughts,andslacken'dthemtoarms,While,warmwithslaughter,ourvictoriousfoeThreatensaloud,andcallsyoutothefield.Jub.Oh,Marcia,letmehopethykindconcerns

Andgentlewishesfollowmetobattle!Thethoughtwillgivenewvigourtomyarm,Andstrengthandweighttomydescendingsword,Anddriveitinatempestonthefoe.Marcia.Mypray'rsandwishesalwaysshallattend

ThefriendsofRome,thegloriouscauseofvirtue,AndmenapprovedofbythegodsandCato.Jub.ThatJubamaydeservethypiouscares,

I'llgazeforeveronthygodlikefather,Transplantingonebyone,intomylife,Hisbrightperfections,tillIshinelikehim.Marcia.Myfathernever,atatimelikethis,

Wouldlayouthisgreatsoulinwords,andwasteSuchpreciousmoments.Jub.Thyreproofsarejust,

Thouvirtuousmaid;I'llhastentomytroops,AndfiretheirlanguidsoulswithCato'svirtue.Ife'erIleadthemtothefield,whenallThewarshallstandrangedinitsjustarray,Anddreadfulpomp,thenwillIthinkonthee;Oh,lovelymaid!thenwillIthinkonthee;And,intheshockofcharginghosts,rememberWhatgloriousdeedsshouldgracethemanwhohopesForMarcia'slove. [ExitJUBA.Lucia.Marcia,you'retoosevere;

Howcouldyouchidetheyounggood-naturedprince,Anddrivehimfromyouwithsosternanair,Aprincethatloves,anddotesonyoutodeath?Marcia.'Tistherefore,Lucia,thatIchidehimfromme;

Hisair,hisvoice,hislooks,andhonestsoul,Speakallsomovinglyinhisbehalf,Idarenottrustmyselftohearhimtalk.

Lucia.Whywillyoufightagainstsosweetapassion,

Andsteelyourhearttosuchaworldofcharms?Marcia.How,Lucia!wouldstthouhavemesinkaway

Inpleasingdreams,andlosemyselfinlove,Whenev'rymomentCato'slife'satstake?Cæsarcomesarm'dwithterrorandrevenge,Andaimshisthunderatmyfather'shead.ShouldnotthesadoccasionswallowupMyothercares?Lucia.WhyhaveInotthisconstancyofmind,

Whohavesomanygriefstotryitsforce?Sure,Natureform'dmeofhersoftestmould,Enfeebledallmysoulwithtenderpassions,Andsunkmeev'nbelowmyownweaksex:Pityandlove,byturns,oppressmyheart.Marcia.Lucia,disburdenallthycaresonme,

Andletmesharethymostretireddistress.Tellme,whoraisesupthisconflictinthee?Lucia.Ineednotblushtonamethem,whenItellthee

They'reMarcia'sbrothers,andthesonsofCato.Marcia.Theybothbeholdtheewiththeirsister'seyes,

Andoftenhavereveal'dtheirpassiontome.Buttellme,whichofthemisLucia'schoice?Lucia.Suppose'twerePortius,couldyoublamemychoice?—

Oh,Portius,thouhaststolenawaymysoul!

Marcusisoverwarm,hisfondcomplaintsHavesomuchearnestnessandpassioninthem,Ihearhimwithasecretkindofhorror,Andtrembleathisvehemenceoftemper.Marcia.Alas,pooryouth!

HowwillthycoldnessraiseTempestsandstormsinhisafflictedbosom!Idreadtheconsequence.Lucia.Youseemtoplead

AgainstyourbrotherPortius.Marcia.Heav'nforbid.

HadPortiusbeentheunsuccessfullover,Thesamecompassionwouldhavefall'nonhim.Lucia.Wasevervirginlovedistress'dlikemine!

PortiushimselfoftfallsintearsbeforemeAsifhemourn'dhisrival'sillsuccess;Thenbidsmehidethemotionsofmyheart,Norshowwhichwayitturns—somuchhefearsThesadeffectthatitwillhaveonMarcus.Marcia.Letusnot,Lucia,aggravateoursorrows,

Buttothegodssubmittheeventofthings.Ourlives,discolour'dwithourpresentwoes,Maystillgrowbright,andsmilewithhappierhours.Sothepurelimpidstream,whenfoulwithstainsOfrushingtorrentsanddescendingrains,Worksitselfclear,and,asitruns,refines,Till,bydegrees,thefloatingmirrorshines;

Reflectseachflowerthatonthebordergrows,Andanewheav'ninitsfairbosomshows. [Exeunt.

ACTTHESECOND.

SCENEI.

TheSenatesitting.

Flourish.

EnterCATO.

Cato.Fathers,weonceagainaremetincouncil;Cæsar'sapproachhassummon'dustogether,AndRomeattendsherfatefromourresolves.Howshallwetreatthisboldaspiringman?Successstillfollowshim,andbackshiscrimes;PharsaliagavehimRome,EgypthassinceReceivedhisyoke,andthewholeNileisCæsar's.WhyshouldImentionJuba'soverthrow,AndScipio'sdeath?Numidia'sburningsandsStillsmokewithblood.'TistimeweshoulddecreeWhatcoursetotake.Ourfoeadvancesonus,AndenviesusevenLybia'ssultrydeserts.Fathers,pronounceyourthoughts:aretheystillfix'dToholditout,andfightittothelast?Orareyourheartssubduedatlength,andwrought,Bytimeandillsuccess,toasubmission?Sempronius,speak.Sem.Gods!canaRomansenatelongdebate

Whichofthetwotochuse,slav'ryordeath!No;letusriseatonce,girdonourswords,And,attheheadofourremainingtroops,Attackthefoe,breakthroughthethickarrayOfhisthrong'dlegions,andchargehomeuponhim.Perhapssomearm,moreluckythantherest,Mayreachhisheart,andfreetheworldfrombondage.

Rise,fathers,rise!'tisRomedemandsyourhelp;Rise,andrevengeherslaughter'dcitizens,Orsharetheirfate!—Tobattle!GreatPompey'sshadecomplainsthatweareslow;AndScipio'sghostwalksunrevengedamongstus.Cato.Letnotatorrentofimpetuouszeal

Transporttheethusbeyondtheboundsofreason;Truefortitudeisseeningreatexploits,Thatjusticewarrants,andthatwisdomguides;Allelseistow'ringphrensyanddistraction.Lucius,wenextwouldknowwhat'syouropinion.Luc.Mythoughts,Imustconfess,areturn'donpeace.

Alreadyhaveourquarrelsfill'dtheworldWithwidows,andwithorphans:ScythiamournsOurguiltywars,andearth'sremotestregionsLiehalfunpeopledbythefeudsofRome:'Tistimetosheathethesword,andsparemankind.AlreadyhaveweshownourlovetoRome,Nowletusshowsubmissiontothegods.Wetookuparms,nottorevengeourselves,Butfreethecommonwealth;whenthisendfails,Armshavenofurtheruse.Ourcountry'scause,Thatdrewourswords,nowwreststhemfromourhands.AndbidsusnotdelightinRomanblood,Unprofitablyshed.Whatmencoulddo,Isdonealready:Heav'nandearthwillwitness,IfRomemustfall,thatweareinnocent.Cato.Letusappearnorrashnordiffident;

Immod'ratevalourswellsintoafault;Andfear,admittedintopubliccouncils,Betraysliketreason.Letusshunthemboth.Fathers,IcannotseethatouraffairsAregrownthusdesp'rate:wehavebulwarksroundus;WithinourwallsaretroopsinuredtotoilInAfric'sheat,andseason'dtothesun;Numidia'sspaciouskingdomliesbehindus,Readytoriseatitsyoungprince'scall.Whilethereishope,donotdistrustthegods;Butwait,atleast,tillCæsar'snearapproachForceustoyield.'TwillneverbetoolateTosueforchains,andownaconqueror.WhyshouldRomefallamomenterehertime?No,letusdrawhertermoffreedomoutInitsfulllength,andspinittothelast,Soshallwegainstilloneday'sliberty;Andletmeperish,butinCato'sjudgment,Aday,anhour,ofvirtuousliberty,Isworthawholeeternityinbondage.

EnterMARCUS.Marc.Fathers,thismoment,asIwatch'dthegate,

Lodgedonmypost,aheraldisarrivedFromCæsar'scamp,andwithhimcomesoldDecius,TheRomanknight;hecarriesinhislooksImpatience,anddemandstospeakwithCato.Cato.Byyourpermission,fathers—bidhimenter.

[ExitMARCUS.Deciuswasoncemyfriend,butotherprospects

Haveloosedthoseties,andboundhimfasttoCæsar.Hismessagemaydetermineourresolves.

EnterDECIUS.Dec.CæsarsendshealthtoCato—

Cato.Couldhesendit

ToCato'sslaughter'dfriends,itwouldbewelcome.Arenotyourorderstoaddressthesenate?Dec.MybusinessiswithCato.Cæsarsees

Thestraitstowhichyou'redriven;and,asheknowsCato'shighworth,isanxiousforyourlife.Cato.MylifeisgraftedonthefateofRome.

WouldhesaveCato,bidhimsparehiscountry.Tellyourdictatorthis;andtellhim,CatoDisdainsalifewhichhehaspowertooffer.Dec.RomeandhersenatorssubmittoCæsar;

Hergen'ralsandherconsulsarenomore,Whocheck'dhisconquests,anddeniedhistriumphs.WhywillnotCatobethisCæsar'sfriend?Cato.Theseveryreasonsthouhasturgedforbidit.

Dec.Cato,I'veorderstoexpostulate

Andreasonwithyou,asfromfriendtofriend:Thinkonthestormthatgatherso'eryourhead,Andthreatensev'ryhourtoburstuponit;Stillmayyoustandhighinyourcountry'shonours—

Dobutcomply,andmakeyourpeacewithCæsar;Romewillrejoice,andcastitseyesonCato,Asonthesecondofmankind.Cato.Nomore;

Imustnotthinkoflifeonsuchconditions.Dec.Cæsariswellacquaintedwithyourvirtues,

Andthereforesetsthisvalueonyourlife.LethimbutknowthepriceofCato'sfriendship,Andnameyourterms.Cato.Bidhimdisbandhislegions,

Restorethecommonwealthtoliberty,Submithisactionstothepubliccensure,AndstandthejudgmentofaRomansenate.Bidhimdothis,andCatoishisfriend.Dec.Cato,theworldtalksloudlyofyourwisdom——

Cato.Nay,more,thoughCato'svoicewasne'eremploy'd

Tocleartheguilty,andtovarnishcrimes,Myselfwillmounttherostruminhisfavour,Andstrivetogainhispardonfromthepeople.Dec.Astylelikethisbecomesaconqueror.

Cato.Decius,astylelikethisbecomesaRoman.

Dec.WhatisaRoman,thatisCæsar'sfoe?

Cato.GreaterthanCæsar:he'safriendtovirtue.

Dec.Consider,Cato,you'reinUtica,

Andattheheadofyourownlittlesenate:Youdonotthunderinthecapitol,WithallthemouthsofRometosecondyou.Cato.Lethimconsiderthat,whodrivesushither.

'TisCæsar'sswordhasmadeRome'ssenatelittle,Andthinn'ditsranks.Alas!thydazzledeyeBeholdsthismaninafalseglaringlight,Whichconquestandsuccesshavethrownuponhim;Did'stthoubutviewhimright,thou'dstseehimblackWithmurder,treason,sacrilege,andcrimesThatstrikemysoulwithhorrorbuttonamethem.Iknowthoulook'stonmeasonawretchBesetwithills,andcover'dwithmisfortunes;But,bythegodsIswear,millionsofworldsShouldneverbuymetobelikethatCæsar.Dec.DoesCatosendthisanswerbacktoCæsar,

Forallhisgen'rouscaresandproffer'dfriendship?Cato.Hiscaresformeareinsolentandvain:

Presumptuousman!thegodstakecareofCato.WouldCæsarshowthegreatnessofhissoul,Bidhimemployhiscareforthesemyfriends,Andmakegooduseofhisill-gottenpow'r,Byshelteringmenmuchbetterthanhimself.Dec.Yourhigh,unconquer'dheartmakesyouforget

Youareaman.Yourushonyourdestruction.ButIhavedone.WhenIrelatehereafter

Thetaleofthisunhappyembassy,AllRomewillbeintears. [ExitDECIUS.Sem.Cato,wethankthee.

ThemightygeniusofimmortalRomeSpeaksinthyvoice;thysoulbreathesliberty.Cæsarwillshrinktohearthewordsthouutter'st,Andshudderinthemidstofallhisconquests.Luc.ThesenateownsitsgratitudetoCato,

Whowithsogreatasoulconsultsitssafety,Andguardsourlives,whileheneglectshisown.Sem.Semproniusgivesnothanksonthisaccount.

Luciusseemsfondoflife;butwhatislife?'Tisnottostalkabout,anddrawfreshairFromtimetotime,orgazeuponthesun;'Tistobefree.Whenlibertyisgone,Lifegrowsinsipid.Cato.Come;nomore,Sempronius;

AllherearefriendstoRome,andtoeachother.LetusnotweakenstilltheweakersideByourdivisions.Sem.Cato,myresentments

AresacrificedtoRome—Istandreproved.Cato.Fathers,'tistimeyoucometoaresolve.

Luc.Cato,weallgointoyouropinion;

Cæsar'sbehaviourhasconvincedthesenate

Weoughttoholditouttilltermsarrive.Sem.Weoughttoholditouttilldeath;but,Cato,

Myprivatevoiceisdrown'damidstthesenate's.Cato.Thenletusrise,myfriends,andstrivetofill

Thislittleinterval,thispauseoflife(Whileyetourlibertyandfatesaredoubtful)Withresolution,friendship,Romanbravery,Andallthevirtueswecancrowdintoit;ThatHeav'nmaysay,itoughttobeprolong'd.Fathers,farewell—TheyoungNumidianprinceComesforward,andexpectstoknowourcounsels.

[ExeuntSENATORS.

EnterJUBA.Juba,theRomansenatehasresolved,Tilltimegivebetterprospects,stilltokeepTheswordunsheathed,andturnitsedgeonCæsar.Jub.TheresolutionfitsaRomansenate.

But,Cato,lendmeforawhilethypatience,Andcondescendtohearayoungmanspeak.Myfather,when,somedaysbeforehisdeath,Heorder'dmetomarchforUtica,(Alas!Ithoughtnotthenhisdeathsonear!)Wepto'erme,press'dmeinhisagedarms,And,ashisgriefsgaveway,"Myson,"saidhe,"Whateverfortuneshallbefalthyfather,BeCato'sfriend;he'lltraintheeuptogreatAndvirtuousdeeds;dobutobservehimwell,

Thou'ltshunmisfortunes,orthou'ltlearntobearthem."Cato.Juba,thyfatherwasaworthyprince,

Andmerited,alas!abetterfate;ButHeav'nthoughtotherwise.Jub.Myfather'sfate,

InspiteofallthefortitudethatshinesBeforemyface,inCato'sgreatexample,Subduesmysoul,andfillsmyeyeswithtears.Cato.Itisanhonestsorrow,andbecomesthee.

Jub.Myfatherdrewrespectfromforeignclimes:

ThekingsofAfricsoughthimfortheirfriend;Kingsfarremote,thatrule,asfamereports,BehindthehiddensourcesoftheNile,Indistantworlds,ont'othersidethesun;Ofthavetheirblackambassadorsappear'd,Loadenwithgifts,andfill'dthecourtsofZama.Cato.Iamnostrangertothyfather'sgreatness.

Jub.Iwouldnotboastthegreatnessofmyfather,

ButpointoutnewalliancestoCato.HadwenotbetterleavethisUtica,ToarmNumidiainourcause,andcourtTh'assistanceofmyfather'spowerfulfriends?DidtheyknowCato,ourremotestkingsWouldpourembattledmultitudesabouthim:Theirswarthyhostswoulddarkenallourplains,Doublingthenativehorrorofthewar,

Andmakingdeathmoregrim.Cato.Andcanstthouthink

CatowillflybeforetheswordofCæsar?Reduced,likeHannibal,toseekreliefFromcourttocourt,andwanderupanddownAvagabondinAfric?Jub.Cato,perhaps

I'mtooofficious;butmyforwardcaresWouldfainpreservealifeofsomuchvalue.Myheartiswounded,whenIseesuchvirtueAfflictedbytheweightofsuchmisfortunes.Cato.Thynoblenessofsoulobligesme.

Butknow,youngprince,thatvaloursoarsaboveWhattheworldcallsmisfortuneandaffliction.Thesearenotills;elsewouldtheyneverfallOnHeav'n'sfirstfav'rites,andthebestofmen.Thegods,inbounty,workupstormsaboutus,ThatgivemankindoccasiontoexertTheirhiddenstrength,andthrowoutintopracticeVirtues,whichshuntheday,andlieconceal'dInthesmoothseasonsandthecalmsoflife.Jub.I'mcharm'd,whene'erthoutalk'st;Ipantforvirtue,

Andallmysoulendeavoursatperfection.Cato.Dostthoulovewatchings,abstinence,andtoil,

Laboriousvirtuesall?LearnthemfromCato;SuccessandfortunemustthoulearnfromCæsar.

Jub.ThebestgoodfortunethatcanfallonJuba,Thewholesuccessatwhichmyheartaspires,DependsonCato.Cato.WhatdoesJubasay?

Thywordsconfoundme.Jub.Iwouldfainretractthem.

Givethemmebackagain:theyaimedatnothing.Cato.Tellmethywish,youngprince;makenotmyear

Astrangertothythoughts.Jub.Oh!they'reextravagant;

Stillletmehidethem.Cato.WhatcanJubaask,

ThatCatowillrefuse?Jub.Ifeartonameit.

Marcia—inheritsallherfather'svirtues.Cato.Whatwouldstthousay?

Jub.Cato,thouhastadaughter.

Cato.Adieu,youngprince;Iwouldnothearaword

Shouldlessentheeinmyesteem.Remember,Thehandoffateisoverus,andHeav'nExactsseverityfromallourthoughts.ItisnotnowatimetotalkofaughtButchainsorconquest,libertyordeath. [Exit.

EnterSYPHAX.

Syph.How'sthis,myprince?What,cover'dwithconfusion?

YoulookasifyonsternphilosopherHadjustnowchidyou.Jub.Syphax,I'mundone!

Syph.Iknowitwell.

Jub.Catothinksmeanlyofme.

Syph.Andsowillallmankind.

Jub.I'veopen'dtohim

Theweaknessofmysoul—myloveforMarcia.Syph.Cato'saproperpersontointrust

Alove-talewith!Jub.Oh,Icouldpiercemyheart,

Myfoolishheart!Syph.Alas,myprince,howareyouchangedoflate!

I'veknownyoungJubarisebeforethesun,Tobeatthethicketwherethetigerslept,Orseekthelioninhisdreadfulhaunts.I'veseenyou,Ev'nintheLybiandog-days,hunthimdown,Thenchargehimclose,And,stoopingfromyourhorse,

Rivetthepantingsavagetotheground.Jub.Pr'ythee,nomore.

Syph.Howwouldtheoldkingsmile,

Toseeyouweighthepaws,whentipp'dwithgold,Andthrowtheshaggyspoilsaboutyourshoulders!Jub.Syphax,thisoldman'stalk,thoughhoneyflow'd

Inev'ryword,wouldnowloseallitssweetness.Cato'sdispleased,andMarcialostforever.Syph.Youngprince,Iyetcouldgiveyougoodadvice;

Marciamightstillbeyours.Jub.Ashow,dearSyphax?

Syph.JubacommandsNumidia'shardytroops,

MountedonsteedsunusedtotherestraintOfcurbsorbits,andfleeterthanthewinds:Givebuttheword,wesnatchthisdamselup,Andbearheroff.Jub.Cansuchdishonestthoughts

Riseupinman?WouldstthouseducemyyouthTodoanactthatwoulddestroyminehonour?Syph.Gods,Icouldtearmyhairtohearyoutalk!

Honour'safineimaginarynotion,ThatdrawsinrawandinexperiencedmenTorealmischiefs,whiletheyhuntashadow.

Jub.Wouldstthoudegradethyprinceintoaruffian?Syph.Theboastedancestorsofthesegreatmen,

Whosevirtuesyouadmire,wereallsuchruffians.Thisdreadofnations,thisalmightyRome,Thatcomprehendsinherwideempire'sboundsAllunderHeav'n,wasfoundedonarape;YourScipios,Cæsars,Pompeys,andyourCatos(Thegodsonearth),areallthespuriousbloodOfviolatedmaids,ofravish'dSabines.Jub.Syphax,Ifearthathoaryheadofthine

AboundstoomuchinourNumidianwiles.Syph.Indeed,myprince,youwanttoknowtheworld.

Jub.Ifknowledgeoftheworldmakesmenperfidious,

MayJubaeverliveinignorance!Syph.Go,go;you'reyoung.

Jub.Gods,mustItamelybear

Thisarrogance,unanswer'd!Thou'rtatraitor,Afalseoldtraitor.Syph.I'vegonetoofar. [Aside.

Jub.Catoshallknowthebasenessofthysoul.

Syph.Imustappeasethisstorm,orperishinit. [Aside.

Youngprince,beholdtheselocks,thataregrownwhiteBeneathahelmetinyourfather'sbattles.

Jub.Thoselocksshallne'erprotectthyinsolence.

Syph.Mustonerashword,theinfirmityofage,

Throwdownthemeritofmybetteryears?Thistherewardofawholelifeofservice!—Curseontheboy!howsteadilyhehearsme! [Aside.Jub.Syphax,nomore!Iwouldnothearyoutalk.

Syph.Nothearmetalk!what,whenmyfaithtoJuba,

Myroyalmaster'sson,iscall'dinquestion?Myprincemaystrikemedead,andI'llbedumb;ButwhilstIliveImustnotholdmytongue,Andlanguishoutoldageinhisdispleasure.Jub.Thouknow'stthewaytoowellintomyheart.

Idobelievetheeloyaltothyprince.Syph.WhatgreaterinstancecanIgive?I'veoffer'd

Todoanactionwhichmysoulabhors,Andgainyouwhomyoulove,atanyprice.Jub.Wasthisthymotive?Ihavebeentoohasty.

Syph.And'tisforthismyprincehascall'dmetraitor.

Jub.Surethoumistakest;Ididnotcalltheeso.

Syph.Youdid,indeed,myprince,youcall'dmetraitor.

Nay,further,threatenedyou'dcomplaintoCato.Ofwhat,myprince,wouldyoucomplaintoCato?

ThatSyphaxlovesyou,andwouldsacrificeHislife,nay,more,hishonour,inyourservice?Jub.Syphax,Iknowthoulovestme;butindeed

ThyzealforJubacarriedtheetoofar.Honour'sasacredtie,thelawofkings,Thenoblemind'sdistinguishingperfection,ThataidsandstrengthensVirtuewhereitmeetsher,Andimitatesheractionswheresheisnot;Itoughtnottobesportedwith.Syph.Believeme,prince,youmakeoldSyphaxweep

Tohearyoutalk—but'tiswithtearsofjoy.Ife'eryourfather'scrownadornyourbrows,NumidiawillbeblestbyCato'slectures.Jub.Syphax,thyhand;we'llmutuallyforget

Thewarmthofyouth,andforwardnessofage:Thyprinceesteemsthyworth,andlovesthyperson.Ife'erthesceptrecomeintomyhand,Syphaxshallstandthesecondinmykingdom.Syph.Whywillyouoverwhelmmyagewithkindness?

Myjoysgrowburdensome,Isha'n'tsupportit.Jub.Syphax,farewell.I'llhence,andtrytofind

Someblestoccasion,thatmaysetmerightInCato'sthoughts.I'dratherhavethatmanApprovemydeeds,thanworldsformyadmirers. [Exit.Syph.Youngmensoongive,andsoonforget,affronts;

Oldageisslowinboth—Afalseoldtraitor!

Thesewords,rashboy,maychancetocosttheedear.Myhearthadstillsomefoolishfondnessforthee;Buthence,'tisgone!Igiveittothewinds:Cæsar,I'mwhollythine.

EnterSEMPRONIUS.Allhail,Sempronius!Well,Cato'ssenateisresolvedtowaitThefuryofasiege,beforeityields.Sem.Syphax,webothwereonthevergeoffate;

Luciusdeclaredforpeace,andtermswereoffer'dToCato,byamessengerfromCæsar.Shouldtheysubmit,ereourdesignsareripe,Webothmustperishinthecommonwreck,Lostinthegeneral,undistinguish'druin.Syph.ButhowstandsCato?

Sem.ThouhastseenmountAtlas:

Whilststormsandtempeststhunderonitsbrows,Andoceansbreaktheirbillowsatitsfeet,Itstandsunmoved,andgloriesinitsheight;Suchisthathaughtyman;histow'ringsoul,'Midstalltheshocksandinjuriesoffortune,Risessuperior,andlooksdownonCæsar.Syph.Butwhat'sthismessenger?

Sem.I'vepractisedwithhim,

Andfoundameanstoletthevictorknow

ThatSyphaxandSemproniusarehisfriends.Butletmenowexamineinmyturn;IsJubafix'd?Syph.Yes—butitistoCato.

I'vetriedtheforceofeveryreasononhim,Soothedandcaress'd;beenangry,soothedagain;Laidsafety,life,andinterestinhissight;Butallarevain,hescornsthemallforCato.Sem.Come,'tisnomatter;weshalldowithouthim.

He'llmakeaprettyfigureinatriumph,Andservetotripbeforethevictor'schariot.Syphax,InowmayhopethouhastforsookThyJuba'scause,andwishestMarciamine.Syph.Mayshebethineasfastasthouwouldsthaveher.

Sem.Syphax,Ilovethatwoman;thoughIcurse

Herandmyself,yet,spiteofme,Iloveher.Syph.MakeCatosure,andgiveupUtica,

Cæsarwillne'errefusetheesuchatrifle.Butarethytroopspreparedforarevolt?Doestheseditioncatchfrommantoman,Andrunamongtheranks?Sem.All,allisready;

Thefactiousleadersareourfriends,thatspreadMurmursanddiscontentsamongthesoldiers;Theycounttheirtoilsomemarches,longfatigues,Unusualfastings,andwillhearnomore

Thismedleyofphilosophyandwar.Withinanhourthey'llstormthesenatehouse.Syph.MeanwhileI'lldrawupmyNumidiantroops

Withinthesquare,toexercisetheirarms,And,asIseeoccasion,favourthee.Ilaugh,toseehowyourunshakenCatoWilllookaghast,whileunforeseendestructionPoursinuponhimthusfromeveryside.So,whereourwideNumidianwastesextend,Suddenth'impetuoushurricanesdescend,Wheelthroughtheair,incirclingeddiesplay,Tearupthesands,andsweepwholeplainsaway.Thehelplesstraveller,withwildsurprise,Seesthedrydesertallaroundhimrise,And,smother'dinthedustywhirlwind,dies. [Exeunt.

ACTTHETHIRD.

SCENEI.

AChamber.

EnterMARCUSandPORTIUS.

Marc.Thankstomystars,IhavenotrangedaboutThewildsoflife,ereIcouldfindafriend;NaturefirstpointedoutmyPortiustome,Andearlytaughtme,byhersecretforce,

Tolovethyperson,ereIknewthymerit,Tillwhatwasinstinct,grewupintofriendship.Por.Marcus,thefriendshipsoftheworldareoft

Confed'raciesinvice,orleaguesofpleasure;Ourshasseverestvirtueforitsbasis,Andsuchafriendshipendsnotbutwithlife.Marc.Portius,thouknow'stmysoulinallitsweakness;

Then,pr'ythee,sparemeonitstenderside;Indulgemebutinlove,myotherpassionsShallriseandfallbyvirtue'snicestrules.Por.Whenlove'swell-timed,'tisnotafaulttolove.

Thestrong,thebrave,thevirtuous,andthewise,Sinkinthesoftcaptivitytogether.Marc.Alas,thoutalk'stlikeonethatneverfelt

Th'impatientthrobsandlongingsofasoul,Thatpantsandreachesafterdistantgood!Aloverdoesnotlivebyvulgartime;Believeme,Portius,inmyLucia'sabsenceLifehangsuponme,andbecomesaburden;Andyet,whenIbeholdthecharmingmaid,I'mtentimesmoreundone;whilehopeandfear,Andgriefandrage,andlove,riseupatonce,Andwithvarietyofpaindistractme.Por.WhatcanthyPortiusdotogivetheehelp?

Marc.Portius,thouoftenjoy'stthefairone'spresence;

Thenundertakemycause,andpleadittoher

WithallthestrengthandheatofeloquenceFraternalloveandfriendshipcaninspire.Tellherthybrotherlanguishestodeath,Andfadesaway,andwithersinhisbloom;Thatheforgetshissleep,andloatheshisfood;Thatyouth,andhealth,andwar,arejoylesstohim;Describehisanxiousdays,andrestlessnights,Andallthetormentsthatthousee'stmesuffer.Por.Marcus,Ibegtheegivemenotanoffice,

Thatsuitswithmesoill.Thouknow'stmytemper.Marc.Wiltthoubeholdmesinkinginmywoes,

Andwiltthounotreachoutafriendlyarm,Toraisemefromamidstthisplungeofsorrows?Por.Marcus,thoucanstnotaskwhatI'drefuse;

Buthere,believeme,I'veathousandreasons——Marc.Iknowthou'ltsaymypassion'soutofseason,

ThatCato'sgreatexampleandmisfortunesShouldbothconspiretodriveitfrommythoughts.Butwhat'sallthistoonethatloveslikeme?OPortius,Portius,frommysoulIwishThoudid'stbutknowthyselfwhat'tistolove!Thenwouldstthoupityandassistthybrother.Por.WhatshouldIdo?IfIdisclosemypassion,

Ourfriendship'satanend:ifIconcealit,Theworldwillcallmefalsetoafriendandbrother. [Aside.Marc.Butsee,whereLucia,atherwontedhour,

Amidthecoolofyonhighmarblearch,Enjoysthenoon-daybreeze!Observeher,Portius;Thatface,thatshape,thoseeyes,thatheav'nofbeauty!Observeherwell,andblamemeifthoucanst.Por.Sheseesus,andadvances——

Marc.I'llwithdraw,Andleaveyouforawhile.Remember,Portius,Thybrother'slifedependsuponthytongue. [Exit.

EnterLUCIA.Lucia.DidnotIseeyourbrotherMarcushere?

Whydidheflytheplace,andshunmypresence?Por.Oh,Lucia,languageistoofainttoshow

Hisrageoflove;itpreysuponhislife;Hepines,hesickens,hedespairs,hedies!Lucia.Howwiltthouguardthyhonour,intheshock

Ofloveandfriendship!Thinkbetimes,myPortius,Thinkhowthenuptialtie,thatmightensureOurmutualbliss,wouldraisetosuchaheightThybrother'sgriefs,asmightperhapsdestroyhim.Por.Alas,pooryouth!Whatdostthouthink,myLucia?

Hisgen'rous,open,undesigningheartHasbegg'dhisrivaltosolicitforhim!Thendonotstrikehimdeadwithadenial.Lucia.No,Portius,no;Iseethysister'stears,

Thyfather'sanguish,andthybrother'sdeath,Inthepursuitofourill-fatedloves;And,Portius,hereIswear,toHeav'nIswear,ToHeav'n,andallthepowersthatjudgemankind,Nevertomixmyplightedhandswiththine,Whilesuchacloudofmischiefhangsuponus,Buttoforgetourloves,anddrivetheeoutFromallmythoughts—asfarasIamable.Por.Whathastthousaid?I'mthunderstruck—recall

Thosehastywords,orIamlostforever.Lucia.Hasnotthevowalreadypass'dmylips?

Thegodshaveheardit,and'tisseal'dinheav'n.Mayallthevengeancethatwaseverpour'dOnperjuredheads,o'erwhelmmeifIbreakit!Por.Fix'dinastonishment,Igazeuponthee,

Likeonejustblastedbyastrokefromheav'n,Whopantsforbreathandstiffens,yetalive,Indreadfullooks,amonumentofwrath!Lucia.Think,Portius,thinkthousee'stthydyingbrother

Stabb'dathisheart,andallbesmear'dwithblood,StormingatHeav'nandthee!ThyawfulsireSternlydemandsthecause,theaccursedcause,Thatrobshimofhisson:poorMarciatrembles,Thentearsherhair,and,franticinhergriefs,CallsoutonLucia.WhatcouldLuciaanswer,Orhowstandupinsuchasceneofsorrow?Por.Tomyconfusionandeternalgrief,

Imustapprovethesentencethatdestroysme.Lucia.Portius,nomore;thywordsshootthroughmyheart,

Meltmyresolves,andturnmealltolove.Whyarethosetearsoffondnessinthyeyes?Whyheavesthyheart?Whyswellsthysoulwithsorrow?Itsoftensmetoomuch—Farewell,myPortius!Farewell,thoughdeathisintheword,—forever!Por.Stay,Lucia,stay!Whatdostthousay?Forever?

Thoumustnotgo;mysoulstillhoverso'erthee,Andcan'tgetloose.Lucia.IfthefirmPortiusshake,

Tohearofparting,thinkwhatLuciasuffers!Por.'Tistrue,unruffledandserene,I'vemet

Thecommonaccidentsoflife,buthereSuchanunlook'd-forstormofillsfallsonme.Itbeatsdownallmystrength—Icannotbearit.Wemustnotpart.Lucia.Whatdostthousay?Notpart!

HastthouforgotthevowthatIhavemade?Arenotthereheavens,andgods,thatthundero'erus?—Butsee,thybrotherMarcusbendsthisway;Isickenatthesight.Oncemore,farewell.Farewell,andknow,thouwrong'stme,ifthouthink'stEverwasloveorevergrieflikemine. [ExitLUCIA.

EnterMARCUS.

Marc.Portius,whathopes?Howstandsshe?amIdoom'dTolifeordeath?Por.Whatwouldstthouhavemesay?

Marc.Whatmeansthispensiveposture?Thouappear'st

Likeoneamazedandterrified.Por.I'vereason.

Marc.Thydowncastlooks,andthydisorder'dthoughts,

Tellmemyfate.IasknotthesuccessMycausehasfound.Por.I'mgrievedIundertookit.

Marc.What,doesthebarbarousmaidinsultmyheart,

Myachingheart,andtriumphinmypains?ThatIcouldcastherfrommythoughtsforever!Por.Away!you'retoosuspiciousinyourgriefs;

Lucia,thoughswornnevertothinkoflove,Compassionatesyourpains,andpitiesyou.Marc.Compassionatesmypains,andpitiesme!

Whatiscompassion,when'tisvoidoflove?FoolthatIwas,tochoosesocoldafriendTourgemycause!—Compassionatesmypains!Pr'ytheewhatart,whatrhet'ricdidstthouuseTogainthismightyboon?—Shepitiesme!Toonethatasksthewarmreturnsoflove,Compassion'scruelty,'tisscorn,'tisdeath—

Por.Marcus,nomore;haveIdeservedthistreatment?

Marc.WhathaveIsaid?Oh!Portius,Oh,forgiveme!

Asoulexasperatedinills,fallsoutWitheverything—itsfriend,itself—buthah! [Shout.Whatmeansthatshout,bigwiththesoundsofwar?Whatnewalarm?Por.Asecond,louderyet,

Swellsinthewind,andcomesmorefulluponus.Marc.Oh,forsomegloriouscausetofallinbattle!

Lucia,thouhastundoneme:thydisdainHasbrokemyheart;'tisdeathmustgivemeease.Por.Quickletushence.WhoknowsifCato'slife

Standssure?Oh,Marcus,Iamwarm'd;myheartLeapsatthetrumpet'svoice,andburnsforglory. [Exeunt.

SCENEII.

PartoftheSenateHouse.

EnterSEMPRONIUS,withLEADERSoftheMutiny.

Sem.Atlengththewindsareraised,thestormblowshigh!Beityourcare,myfriends,tokeepitupInallitsfury,anddirectitright,TillithasspentitselfonCato'shead.Meanwhile,I'llherdamonghisfriends,andseemOneofthenumber,that,whate'erarrive,Myfriendsandfellowsoldiersmaybesafe. [Exit.1Lead.Weareallsafe;Semproniusisourfriend.

SemproniusisasbraveamanasCato.But,hark,heenters.Bearupboldlytohim;Besureyoubeathimdown,andbindhimfast;Thisdaywillendourtoils.Fearnothing,forSemproniusisourfriend.

EnterSEMPRONIUS,withCATO,LUCIUS,PORTIUS,andMARCUS.

Cato.Wherearethosebold,intrepidsonsofwar,

Thatgreatlyturntheirbacksuponthefoe,Andtotheirgeneralsendabravedefiance?Sem.Curseontheirdastardsouls,theystandastonish'd!

[Aside.Cato.Perfidiousmen!Andwillyouthusdishonour

Yourpastexploits,andsullyallyourwars?WhycouldnotCatofall

Withoutyourguilt!Behold,ungratefulmen,Beholdmybosomnakedtoyourswords,Andletthemanthat'sinjuredstriketheblow.Whichofyouallsuspectsthatheiswrong'd,OrthinkshesuffersgreaterillsthanCato?AmIdistinguishedfromyoubutbytoils,Superiortoils,andheavierweightofcares?Painfulpre-eminence!Sem.Confusiontothevillains!allislost! [Aside.

Cato.HaveyouforgottenLybia'sburningwaste,

Itsbarrenrocks,parch'dearth,andhillsofsand,Itstaintedair,andallitsbroodsofpoison?Whowasthefirsttoexploreth'untroddenpath,Whenlifewashazardedinev'rystep?Or,faintinginthelonglaboriousmarch,When,onthebanksofanunlook'd-forstream,Yousunktheriverwithrepeateddraughts,Whowasthelastofallyourhostwhothirsted?Sem.Didnothistemplesglow

Inthesamesultrywindsandscorchingheats?Cato.Hence,worthlessmen!hence!andcomplaintoCæsar,

Youcouldnotundergothetoilofwar,Norbearthehardshipsthatyourleaderbore.Lucius.See,Cato,seetheunhappymen:theyweep!

Fear,andremorse,andsorrowfortheircrime,Appearinev'rylook,andpleadformercy.

Cato.Learntobehonestmen;giveupyonleaders,Andpardonshalldescendonalltherest.Sem.Cato,committhesewretchestomycare;

Firstletthemeachbebrokenontherack,Then,withwhatliferemains,impaled,andleftTowritheatleisureroundthebloodystake;Thereletthemhang,andtaintthesouthernwind.Thepartnersoftheircrimewilllearnobedience.Cato.Forbear,Sempronius!—seetheysufferdeath,

Butintheirdeathsremembertheyaremen;Strainnotthelaws,tomaketheirtorturesgrievous.Lucius,thebase,degen'rateagerequiresSeverity.Whenbyjustvengeanceguiltymortalsperish,Thegodsbeholdthepunishmentwithpleasure,Andlayth'upliftedthunderboltaside.Sem.Cato,Iexecutethywillwithpleasure.

Cato.Meanwhile,we'llsacrificetoliberty.

Remember,Omyfriends!thelaws,therights,Thegen'rousplanofpowerdelivereddownFromagetoagebyyourrenown'dforefathers,(Sodearlybought,thepriceofsomuchblood:)Oh,letitneverperishinyourhands!Butpiouslytransmitittoyourchildren.Dothou,greatliberty,inspireoursouls,Andmakeourlivesinthypossessionhappy,Orourdeathsgloriousinthyjustdefence.

[ExeuntCATO,etc.

1Lead.Sempronius,youhaveactedlikeyourself.

Onewouldhavethoughtyouhadbeenhalfinearnest.Sem.Villain,standoff;base,grov'ling,worthlesswretches,

Mongrelsinfaction,poorfaint-heartedtraitors!1Lead.Nay,now,youcarryittoofar,Sempronius!

Sem.Know,villains,whensuchpaltryslavespresume

Tomixintreason,iftheplotsucceeds,They'rethrownneglectedby;butifitfails,They'resuretodielikedogs,asyoushalldo.Here,takethesefactiousmonsters,dragthemforthTosuddendeath.1Lead.Nay,sinceitcomestothis—

Sem.Dispatchthemquick,butfirstpluckouttheirtongues,

Lestwiththeirdyingbreaththeysowsedition.[ExeuntGUARDS,withtheirLEADERS.

EnterSYPHAX.

Syph.Ourfirstdesign,myfriend,hasprovedabortive;

Stillthereremainsanafter-gametoplay;Mytroopsaremounted;LetbutSemproniusheadusinourflight,We'llforcethegatewhereMarcuskeepshisguard,Andhewdownallthatwouldopposeourpassage.AdaywillbringusintoCæsar'scamp.

Sem.Confusion!Ihavefail'dofhalfmypurpose:Marcia,thecharmingMarcia'sleftbehind!Syph.How!willSemproniusturnawoman'sslave?

Sem.Thinknotthyfriendcaneverfeelthesoft

Unmanlywarmthandtendernessoflove.Syphax,Ilongtoclaspthathaughtymaid,Andbendherstubbornvirtuetomypassion:WhenIhavegonethusfar,I'dcastheroff.Syph.Wellsaid!that'sspokenlikethyself,Sempronius!

Whathinders,then,butthatthoufindherout,Andhurryherawaybymanlyforce?Sem.Buthowtogainadmission?Foraccess

IsgiventononebutJuba,andherbrothers.Syph.ThoushalthaveJuba'sdress,andJuba'sguards;

Thedoorswillopen,whenNumidia'sprinceSeemstoappearbeforetheslavesthatwatchthem.Sem.Heavens,whatathoughtisthere!Marcia'smyown!

Howwillmybosomswellwithanxiousjoy,WhenIbeholdherstrugglinginmyarms,Withglowingbeauty,anddisorder'dcharms,Whilefearandanger,withalternategrace,Pantinherbreast,andvaryinherface!SoPlutoseizedoffProserpine,convey'dTohell'stremendousgloomth'affrightedmaid;Theregrimlysmiled,pleasedwiththebeauteousprize,NorenviedJovehissunshineandhisskies. [Exeunt.

ACTTHEFOURTH.

SCENEI.

AChamber.

EnterLUCIAandMARCIA.

Lucia.Now,tellme,Marcia,tellmefromthysoul,Ifthoubelievest'tispossibleforwomanTosuffergreaterillsthanLuciasuffers?Marcia.Oh,Lucia,Lucia,mightmybigswol'nheart

Ventallitsgriefs,andgivealoosetosorrow,Marciacouldanswertheeinsighs,keeppaceWithallthywoes,andcountouttearfortear.Lucia.Iknowthou'rtdoom'daliketobebeloved

ByJuba,andthyfather'sfriend,Sempronius:ButwhichofthesehaspowertocharmlikePortius?Marcia.Still,ImustbegtheenottonameSempronius.

Lucia,Ilikenotthatloud,boist'rousman.Juba,toallthebraveryofahero,Addssoftestlove,andmorethanfemalesweetness;Jubamightmaketheproudestofoursex,Anyofwomankind,butMarcia,happy.Lucia.AndwhynotMarcia?Come,youstriveinvain

TohideyourthoughtsfromonewhoknowstoowellTheinwardglowingsofaheartinlove.Marcia.WhileCatolives,hisdaughterhasnoright

Toloveorhate,butashischoicedirects.Lucia.ButshouldthisfathergiveyoutoSempronius?

Marcia.Idarenotthinkhewill:butifheshould—

WhywiltthouaddtoallthegriefsIsuffer,Imaginaryills,andfanciedtortures?Ihearthesoundoffeet!Theymarchthisway.Letusretire,andtryifwecandrownEachsofterthoughtinsenseofpresentdanger:Whenloveoncepleadsadmissiontoourhearts,Inspiteofallthevirtueswecanboast,Thewomanthatdeliberatesislost. [Exeunt.

EnterSEMPRONIUS,dressedlikeJUBA,withNUMIDIANGUARDS.

Sem.Thedeerislodged,I'vetrack'dhertohercovert.

HowwilltheyoungNumidianravetoseeHismistresslost!Ifaughtcouldgladmysoul,Beyondtheenjoymentofsobrightaprize,'Twouldbetotorturethatyoung,gaybarbarian.—But,hark!whatnoise!Deathtomyhopes!'tishe,'TisJuba'sself!thereisbutonewayleft——

EnterJUBA.Jub.WhatdoIsee?Who'sthisthatdaresusurp

TheguardsandhabitsofNumidia'sprince?Sem.Onethatwasborntoscourgethyarrogance,

Presumptuousyouth!Jub.Whatcanthismean?Sempronius!

Sem.Myswordshallanswerthee.Haveatthyheart.

Jub.Naythen,bewarethyown,proud,barbarousman.

[SEMPRONIUSfalls.Sem.Curseonmystars!AmIthendoom'dtofall

Byaboy'shand,disfiguredinavileNumidiandress,andforaworthlesswoman?Gods,I'mdistracted!thismycloseoflife!Oh,forapealofthunder,thatwouldmakeEarth,sea,andair,andheav'n,andCatotremble! [Dies.Jub.I'llhencetoCato,

ThatwemaythereatlengthunravelallThisdarkdesign,thismysteryoffate. [ExitJUBA.

EnterLUCIAandMARCIA.Lucia.Sure'twastheclashofswords;mytroubledheart

Issocastdown,andsunkamidstitssorrows,Itthrobswithfear,andachesatev'rysound.Oh,Marcia,shouldthybrothers,formysake—Idieawaywithhorroratthethought!Marcia.See,Lucia,see!here'sblood!here'sbloodandmurder!

Ha!aNumidian!Heav'npreservetheprince!Thefaceliesmuffledupwithinthegarment,Butah!deathtomysight!adiadem,Androyalrobes!Ogods!'tishe,'tishe!Jubaliesdeadbeforeus!Lucia.Now,Marcia,now,calluptothyassistance

Thywontedstrengthandconstancyofmind;Thoucanstnotputittoagreatertrial.Marcia.Lucia,lookthere,andwonderatmypatience;

HaveInotcausetorave,andbeatmybreast,Torendmyheartwithgrief,andrundistracted?Lucia.WhatcanIthink,orsay,togivetheecomfort?

Marcia.Talknotofcomfort,'tisforlighterills:

Beholdasightthatstrikesallcomfortdead.

EnterJUBA,listening.Iwillindulgemysorrows,andgivewayToallthepangsandfuryofdespair;Thatman,thatbestofmen,deserveditfromme.Jub.WhatdoIhear?andwasthefalseSempronius

Thatbestofmen?Oh,hadIfall'nlikehim,Andcouldhavebeenthusmourn'd,Ihadbeenhappy.Marcia.'Tisnotinfatetoeasemytorturedbreast.

Oh,hewasallmadeupofloveandcharms!Whatevermaidcouldwish,ormanadmire:

Delightofeveryeye;whenheappear'd,Asecretpleasuregladden'dallthatsawhim;Butwhenhetalk'd,theproudestRomanblush'dTohearhisvirtues,andoldagegrewwise.Oh,Juba!Juba!Jub.Whatmeansthatvoice?DidshenotcallonJuba?

Marcia.WhydoIthinkonwhathewas?he'sdead!

He'sdead,andneverknewhowmuchIlovedhim!Lucia,whoknowsbuthispoor,bleedingheart,Amidstitsagonies,remember'dMarcia,Andthelastwordsheutter'dcall'dmecruel!Alas!heknewnot,haplessyouth,heknewnotMarcia'swholesoulwasfullofloveandJuba!Jub.WhereamI?DoIlive?oramindeed

WhatMarciathinks?AllisElysiumroundme!Marcia.Yedearremainsofthemostlovedofmen,

NormodestynorvirtuehereforbidAlastembrace,whilethus——Jub.See,Marcia,see, [Throwinghimselfbeforeher.

ThehappyJubalives!helivestocatchThatdearembrace,andtoreturnittoo,Withmutualwarmth,andeagernessoflove.Marcia.WithpleasureandamazeIstandtransported!

IfthouartJuba,wholiesthere?Jub.Awretch,

DisguisedlikeJubaonacurseddesign.IcouldnotbearToleavetheeintheneighbourhoodofdeath,Butflew,inallthehasteoflove,tofindthee;Ifoundtheeweeping,andconfessthisonce,Amraptwithjoy,toseemyMarcia'stears.Marcia.I'vebeensurprisedinanunguardedhour,

Butmustnotgoback;thelove,thatlayHalfsmother'dinmybreast,hasbrokethroughallItsweakrestraints,andburnsinitsfulllustre.Icannot,ifIwould,concealitfromthee.Jub.Myjoy,mybestbeloved,myonlywish!

HowshallIspeakthetransportofmysoul!Marcia.Lucia,thyarm.Leadtomyapartment.

Oh!prince!IblushtothinkwhatIhavesaid,Butfatehaswrestedtheconfessionfromme;Goon,andprosperinthepathsofhonour.Thyvirtuewillexcusemypassionforthee,Andmakethegodspropitioustoourlove.

[ExeuntMARCIAandLUCIA.Jub.Iamsoblest,Ifear'tisalladream.

Fortune,thounowhastmadeamendsforallThypastunkindness:Iabsolvemystars.WhatthoughNumidiaaddherconquer'dtownsAndprovincestoswellthevictor'striumph,Jubawillneverathisfaterepine:LetCæsarhavetheworld,ifMarcia'smine. [Exit.

SCENEII.

TheStreet.

AMarchatadistance.

EnterCATOandLUCIUS.

Luc.Istandastonish'd!What,theboldSempronius,Thatstillbrokeforemostthroughthecrowdofpatriots,Aswithahurricaneofzealtransported,Andvirtuouseventomadness—Cato.Trustme,Lucius,

Ourcivildiscordshaveproducedsuchcrimes,Suchmonstrouscrimes,Iamsurprizedatnothing.—OhLucius,Iamsickofthisbadworld!Thedaylightandthesungrowpainfultome.

EnterPORTIUS.Butsee,wherePortiuscomes:whatmeansthishaste?Whyarethylooksthuschanged?Por.Myheartisgrieved,

Ibringsuchnewsaswillafflictmyfather.Cato.HasCæsarshedmoreRomanblood?

Por.Notso.

ThetraitorSyphax,aswithinthesquare

Heexercisedhistroops,thesignalgiven,FlewoffatoncewithhisNumidianhorseTothesouthgate,whereMarcusholdsthewatch;Isaw,andcall'dtostophim,butinvain:Hetoss'dhisarmaloft,andproudlytoldme,Hewouldnotstay,andperish,likeSempronius.Cato.Perfidiousman!Buthaste,myson,andsee

ThybrotherMarcusactsaRoman'spart. [ExitPORTIUS.—Lucius,thetorrentbearstooharduponme:Justicegiveswaytoforce:theconquer'dworldIsCæsar's!Catohasnobusinessinit.Luc.Whilepride,oppression,andinjusticereign,

TheworldwillstilldemandherCato'spresence.InpitytomankindsubmittoCæsar,Andreconcilethymightysoultolife.Cato.WouldLuciushavemelivetoswellthenumber

OfCæsar'sslaves,orbyabasesubmissionGiveupthecauseofRome,andownatyrant?Luc.ThevictorneverwillimposeonCato

Ungen'rousterms.HisenemiesconfessThevirtuesofhumanityareCæsar's.Cato.Curseonhisvirtues!they'veundonehiscountry.

Suchpopularhumanityistreason——ButseeyoungJuba;thegoodyouthappears,Fulloftheguiltofhisperfidioussubjects!Luc.Alas,poorprince!hisfatedeservescompassion.

EnterJUBA.

Jub.Iblush,andamconfoundedtoappear

Beforethypresence,Cato.Cato.What'sthycrime?

Jub.I'maNumidian.

Cato.Andabraveone,too.ThouhastaRomansoul.

Jub.Hastthounotheardofmyfalsecountrymen?

Cato.Alas,youngprince!

Falsehoodandfraudshootupinev'rysoil,Theproductofallclimes—RomehasitsCæsars.Jub.'Tisgenerousthustocomfortthedistress'd.

Cato.'Tisjusttogiveapplause,where'tisdeserved:

Thyvirtue,prince,hasstoodthetestoffortune,Likepurestgold,that,torturedinthefurnace,Comesoutmorebright,andbringsforthallitsweight.Jub.WhatshallIanswerthee?

I'drathergainThypraise,OCato!thanNumidia'sempire.

EnterPORTIUS.Por.Misfortuneonmisfortune!griefongrief!

MybrotherMarcus——Cato.Ha!whathashedone?

Hasheforsookhispost?Hashegivenway?Didhelooktamelyon,andletthempass?Por.ScarcehadIleftmyfather,butImethim

Borneontheshieldsofhissurvivingsoldiers,Breathlessandpale,andcover'do'erwithwounds.Long,attheheadofhisfewfaithfulfriends,Hestoodtheshockofawholehostoffoes,Till,obstinatelybrave,andbentondeath,Oppress'dwithmultitudes,hegreatlyfell.Cato.I'msatisfied.

Por.Nordidhefall,before

Hisswordhadpiercedthro'thefalseheartofSyphax.Yonderhelies.IsawthehoarytraitorGrininthepangsofdeath,andbitetheground.Cato.Thankstothegods,myboyhasdonehisduty.

—Portius,whenIamdead,besureyouplaceHisurnnearmine.Por.Longmaytheykeepasunder!

Luc.Oh,Cato,armthysoulwithallitspatience;

Seewherethecorpseofthydeadsonapproaches!Thecitizensandsenatorsalarm'd,Havegather'droundit,andattenditweeping.

CATOmeetingtheCorpse.—SENATORSattending.Cato.Welcome,myson!Herelayhimdown,myfriends,

Fullinmysight,thatImayviewatleisureThebloodycorse,andcountthosegloriouswounds.—Howbeautifulisdeath,whenearn'dbyvirtue!Whowouldnotbethatyouth?Whatpityisit,Thatwecandiebutonce,toserveourcountry!—Whysitsthissadnessonyourbrows,myfriends?Ishouldhaveblush'd,ifCato'shousehadstoodSecure,andflourish'dinacivilwar.Portius,beholdthybrother,andremember,ThylifeisnotthyownwhenRomedemandsit.Jub.Wasevermanlikethis!

Cato.Alas,myfriends,

Whymournyouthus?letnotaprivatelossAfflictyourhearts.'TisRomerequiresourtears,Themistressoftheworld,theseatofempire,Thenurseofheroes,thedelightofgods,Thathumbledtheproudtyrantsoftheearth,Andsetthenationsfree;Romeisnomore.Oh,liberty!Oh,virtue!Oh,mycountry!Jub.Beholdthatuprightman!Romefillshiseyes

Withtears,thatflow'dnoto'erhisowndearson. [Aside.Cato.Whate'ertheRomanvirtuehassubdued,

Thesun'swholecourse,thedayandyear,areCæsar's:Forhimtheself-devotedDeciidied,TheFabiifell,andthegreatScipiosconquer'd:

Ev'nPompeyfoughtforCæsar.Oh,myfriends,Howisthetoiloffate,theworkofages,TheRomanempire,fall'n!Oh,cursedambition!Fall'nintoCæsar'shands!OurgreatforefathersHadlefthimnoughttoconquerbuthiscountry.Jub.WhileCatolives,Cæsarwillblushtosee

Mankindenslaved,andbeashamedofempire.Cato.Cæsarashamed!HashenotseenPharsalia?

Luc.'Tistimethousavethyselfandus.

Cato.Losenotathoughtonme;I'moutofdanger:

Heavenwillnotleavemeinthevictor'shand.Cæsarshallneversay,heconquer'dCato.Butoh,myfriends!yoursafetyfillsmyheartWithanxiousthoughts;athousandsecretterrorsRiseinmysoul.HowshallIsavemyfriends?'Tisnow,OCæsar,Ibegintofearthee!Luc.Cæsarhasmercy,ifweaskitofhim.

Cato.Thenaskit,Iconjureyou;lethimknow,

Whate'erwasdoneagainsthim,Catodidit.Add,ifyouplease,thatIrequestofhim,—ThatImyself,withtears,requestitofhim,—Thevirtueofmyfriendsmaypassunpunish'd.Juba,myheartistroubledforthysake.ShouldIadvisetheetoregainNumidia,Orseektheconqueror?

Jub.IfIforsaketheeWhilstIhavelife,mayHeavenabandonJuba!Cato.Thyvirtues,prince,ifIforeseearight,

Willonedaymaketheegreat;atRome,hereafter,'TwillbenocrimetohavebeenCato'sfriend.Portius,drawnear:myson,thouofthastseenThysireengagedinacorruptedstate,Wrestlingwithviceandfaction:nowthousee'stmeSpent,overpower'd,despairingofsuccess.LetmeadvisetheetoretreatbetimesTothypaternalseat,theSabinefield;WherethegreatCensortoil'dwithhisownhands,Andallourfrugalancestorswerebless'dInhumblevirtues,andarurallife;Thereliveretired,prayforthepeaceofRome;Contentthyselftobeobscurelygood.Whenviceprevails,andimpiousmenbearsway,Thepostofhonourisaprivatestation.Por.Ihopemyfatherdoesnotrecommend

AlifetoPortiusthathescornshimself.Cato.Farewell,myfriends!Iftherebeanyofyou

Whodarenottrustthevictor'sclemency,Knowthereareshipsprepared,bymycommand,Thatshallconveyyoutothewish'd-forport.Isthereaughtelse,myfriends,Icandoforyou?Theconquerordrawsnear.Oncemore,farewell!Ife'erwemeethereafter,weshallmeetInhappierclimes,andonasafershore,WhereCæsarnevershallapproachusmore.

[Pointingtohisdeadson.There,thebraveyouth,withloveofvirtuefired,Whogreatlyinhiscountry'scauseexpired,Shallknowheconquer'd.Thefirmpatriotthere,Whomadethewelfareofmankindhiscare,Thoughstillbyfaction,vice,andfortunecrost,Shallfindthegen'rouslabourwasnotlost. [Exeunt.

ACTTHEFIFTH.

SCENEI.

AChamber.

CATOsolus,sittinginathoughtfulPosture;inhisHand,Plato'sBookontheImmortalityoftheSoul.

AdrawnSwordontheTablebyhim.

Cato.Itmustbeso—Plato,thoureason'stwell—Elsewhencethispleasinghope,thisfonddesire,Thislongingafterimmortality?Orwhencethissecretdread,andinwardhorror,Offallingintonought?WhyshrinksthesoulBackonherself,andstartlesatdestruction?'Tisthedivinitythatstirswithinus;'TisHeav'nitselfthatpointsoutanhereafter,Andintimateseternitytoman.Eternity!thoupleasing,dreadfulthought!Throughwhatvarietyofuntriedbeing,Throughwhatnewscenesandchangesmustwepass?

Thewide,theunboundedprospectliesbeforeme;Butshadows,clouds,anddarkness,restuponit.HerewillIhold.Ifthere'saPoweraboveus(Andthatthereis,allNaturecriesaloudThroughallherworks),Hemustdelightinvirtue;AndthatwhichHedelightsinmustbehappy.Butwhen,orwhere?—thisworldwasmadeforCæsar:I'mwearyofconjectures—thismustendthem.

[Layinghishanduponhissword.ThusamIdoublyarm'd:mydeathandlife,Mybaneandantidote,arebothbeforeme.Thisinamomentbringsmetoanend;ButthisinformsmeIshallneverdie.Thesoul,securedinherexistence,smilesAtthedrawndagger,anddefiesitspoint.Thestarsshallfadeaway,thesunhimselfGrowdimwithage,andnaturesinkinyears,Butthoushaltflourishinimmortalyouth,Unhurtamidstthewarofelements,Thewreckofmatter,andthecrushofworlds.Whatmeansthisheaviness,thathangsuponme?Thislethargy,thatcreepsthroughallmysenses?Nature,oppress'dandharass'doutwithcare,Sinksdowntorest.ThisonceI'llfavourher,Thatmyawaken'dsoulmaytakeherflight,Renew'dinallherstrength,andfreshwithlife,AnofferinglitforHeav'n.LetguiltorfearDisturbman'srest,Catoknowsneitherofthem,Indiff'rentinhischoicetosleepordie.

EnterPORTIUS.

But,hah!who'sthis?myson!Whythisintrusion?WerenotmyordersthatIwouldbeprivate?WhyamIdisobey'd?Por.Alas,myfather!

Whatmeansthissword,thisinstrumentofdeath?Letmeconveyithence.Cato.Rashyouth,forbear!

Por.Oh,letthepray'rs,th'entreatiesofyourfriends,

Theirtears,theircommondanger,wrestitfromyou!Cato.Wouldstthoubetrayme?Wouldstthougivemeup,

Aslave,acaptive,intoCæsar'shands?Retire,andlearnobediencetoafather,Orknow,youngman—Por.Looknotthussternlyonme;

Youknow,I'dratherdiethandisobeyyou.Cato.'Tiswell!againI'mmasterofmyself.

Now,Cæsar,letthytroopsbesetourgates,Andbareachavenue;thygath'ringfleetsO'erspreadthesea,andstopupev'ryport;Catoshallopentohimselfapassage,Andmockthyhopes.——Por.Oh,sir!forgiveyourson,

Whosegriefhangsheavyonhim.Oh,myfather!HowamIsureitisnotthelasttimeIe'ershallcallyouso?Benotdispleased,

Oh,benotangrywithmewhilstIweep,And,intheanguishofmyheart,beseechyouToquitthedreadfulpurposeofyoursoul!Cato.Thouhastbeenevergoodanddutiful.

[Embracinghim.Weepnot,myson,allwillbewellagain;Therighteousgods,whomIhavesoughttoplease,WillsuccourCato,andpreservehischildren.Por.Yourwordsgivecomforttomydroopingheart.

Cato.Portius,thoumay'strelyuponmyconduct:

Thyfatherwillnotactwhatmisbecomeshim.Butgo,myson,andseeifaughtbewantingAmongthyfather'sfriends;seethemembark'd,Andtellmeifthewindsandseasbefriendthem.Mysoulisquiteweigh'ddownwithcare,andasksThesoftrefreshmentofamoment'ssleep.Por.Mythoughtsaremoreatease,myheartrevives—

[ExitCATO.

EnterMARCIA.Oh,Marcia!Oh,mysister,stillthere'shopeOurfatherwillnotcastawayalifeSoneedfultousall,andtohiscountry.Heisretiredtorest,andseemstocherishThoughtsfullofpeace.—Hehasdispatch'dmehenceWithordersthatbespeakamindcomposed,Andstudiousforthesafetyofhisfriends.

Marcia,takecare,thatnonedisturbhisslumbers. [Exit.Marcia.Oh,yeimmortalpowers,thatguardthejust,

Watchroundhiscouch,andsoftenhisrepose,Banishhissorrows,andbecalmhissoulWitheasydreams;rememberallhisvirtues,Andshowmankindthatgoodnessisyourcare!

EnterLUCIA.Lucia.Whereisyourfather,Marcia;whereisCato?

Marcia.Lucia,speaklow,heisretiredtorest.

Lucia,IfeelagentledawninghopeRiseinmysoul—Weshallbehappystill.Lucia.Alas,ItremblewhenIthinkonCato!

Ineveryview,ineverythought,Itremble!Catoissternandawfulasagod;Heknowsnothowtowinkathumanfrailty,Orpardonweakness,thatheneverfelt.Marcia.ThoughsternandawfultothefoesofRome,

Heisallgoodness,Lucia,alwaysmild;Compassionateandgentletohisfriends;Fill'dwithdomestictenderness,thebest,Thekindestfather;IhaveeverfoundhimEasyandgood,andbounteoustomywishes.Lucia.'Tishisconsentalonecanmakeusblest.

Marcia,webothareequallyinvolvedInthesameintricate,perplex'ddistress.

Thecruelhandoffate,thathasdestroy'dThybrotherMarcus,whomwebothlament——Marcia.Andevershalllament;unhappyyouth!

Lucia.Hassetmysoulatlarge,andnowIstand

Looseofmyvow.ButwhoknowsCato'sthoughts?WhoknowshowyethemaydisposeofPortius,Orhowhehasdeterminedofhimself?Marcia.Lethimbutlive,committheresttoHeav'n.

EnterLUCIUS.

Luc.Sweetaretheslumbersofthevirtuousman!

Oh,Marcia,Ihaveseenthygodlikefather!Somepowerinvisiblesupportshissoul,Andbearsitupinallitswontedgreatness.Akind,refreshingsleepisfall'nuponhim:Isawhimstretch'datease;hisfancylostInpleasingdreams;asIdrewnearhiscouch,Hesmiled,andcried,"Cæsar,thoucanstnothurtme."Marcia.Hismindstilllabourswithsomedreadfulthought.

EnterJUBA.

Jub.Lucius,thehorsemenarereturn'dfromviewing

Thenumber,strength,andpostureofourfoes,Whonowencampwithinashorthour'smarch;Onthehighpointofyonbrightwesterntower,Wekenthemfromafar;thesettingsun

Playsontheirshiningarmsandburnish'dhelmets,Andcoversallthefieldwithgleamsoffire.Luc.Marcia,'tistimeweshouldawakethyfather.

Cæsarisstilldisposedtogiveusterms,Andwaitsatdistance,tillhehearsfromCato.

EnterPORTIUS.Portius,thylooksspeaksomewhatofimportance,Whattidingsdostthoubring?Methinks,IseeUnusualgladnesssparkleinthyeyes.Por.AsIwashastingtotheport,wherenow

Myfather'sfriends,impatientforapassage,Accusetheling'ringwinds,asailarrivedFromPompey'sson,who,throughtherealmsofSpain,Callsoutforvengeanceonhisfather'sdeath,Androusesthewholenationuptoarms.WereCatoattheirhead,oncemoremightRomeAssertherrights,andclaimherliberty.But,hark!whatmeansthatgroan?——Oh,givemeway,Andletmeflyintomyfather'spresence! [Exit.Luc.Cato,amidsthisslumbers,thinksonRome,

And,inthewilddisorderofhissoul,Mournso'erhiscountry.—Ha!asecondgroan—Heav'nguardusall!Marcia.Alas,'tisnotthevoice

Ofonewhosleeps;'tisagonizingpain—'Tisdeathisinthatsound——

EnterPORTIUS.

Por.Oh,sightofwoe!

Oh,Marcia,whatwefear'discometopass—Catohasfall'nuponhissword——Luc.Oh,Portius,

Hideallthehorrorsofthymournfultale,Andletmeguesstherest.Por.I'veraisedhimup,

Andplacedhiminhischair;wherepaleandfaint,Hegaspsforbreath,and,ashislifeflowsfromhim,Demandstoseehisfriends.Hisservantsweeping,Obsequioustohisorder,bearhimhither!——Marcia.Oh,Heav'n!assistmeinthisdreadfulhour,

Topaythelastsaddutiestomyfather!

CATObroughton,inaChair.Cato.Heresetmedown——

Portius,comenearme—Aremyfriendsembark'd?Cananythingbethoughtoffortheirservice?WhilstIyetlive,letmenotliveinvain——Oh,Lucius,artthouhere?—Thouarttoogood—Letthisourfriendshiplivebetweenourchildren;MakePortiushappyinthydaughterLucia——Marcia,mydaughter——Oh,bendmeforward!——Jubalovesthee,Marcia—AsenatorofRome,whileRomesurvived,

Wouldnothavematch'dhisdaughterwithaking—ButCæsar'sarmshavethrowndownalldistinction—I'msicktodeath——Oh,whenshallIgetlooseFromthisvainworld,th'abodeofguiltandsorrow!Andyet,methinks,abeamoflightbreaksinOnmydepartingsoul——Alas,IfearI'vebeentoohasty!—Oh,yepowers,thatsearchTheheartofman,andweighhisinmostthoughts,IfIhavedoneamiss,imputeitnot——Thebestmayerr,butyouaregood,and—Oh!— [Dies.Por.Therefledthegreatestsoulthateverwarm'd

ARomanbreast:—Fromhence,letfiercecontendingnationsknow,Whatdireeffectsfromcivildiscordflow:'Tisthisthatshakesourcountrywithalarms;AndgivesupRomeapreytoRomanarms;Producesfraud,andcruelty,andstrife,AndrobstheguiltyworldofCato'slife. [Exeuntomnes.

THEEND.

PRINTEDBYJ.SMITH.

***ENDOFTHEPROJECTGUTENBERGEBOOKCATO***

*******Thisfileshouldbenamed31592-h.txtor31592-h.zip*******

Thisandallassociatedfilesofvariousformatswillbefoundin:http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/5/9/31592

Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will berenamed.

CreatingtheworksfrompublicdomainprinteditionsmeansthatnooneownsaUnitedStatescopyrightintheseworks,sotheFoundation(andyou!)cancopyand distribute it in the United States without permission and without payingcopyrightroyalties.Specialrules,setforthintheGeneralTermsofUsepartofthis license, apply to copying anddistributingProjectGutenberg-tm electronicworks to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.ProjectGutenbergisaregisteredtrademark,andmaynotbeusedifyouchargefor the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not chargeanything for copies of this eBook, complyingwith the rules is very easy.YoumayusethiseBookfornearlyanypurposesuchascreationofderivativeworks,reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed andgivenaway--youmaydopracticallyANYTHINGwithpublicdomaineBooks.Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercialredistribution.

***START:FULLLICENSE***

THEFULLPROJECTGUTENBERGLICENSE

PLEASEREADTHISBEFOREYOUDISTRIBUTEORUSETHISWORK

ToprotecttheProjectGutenberg-tmmissionofpromotingthefree

distributionofelectronicworks,byusingordistributingthiswork

(oranyotherworkassociatedinanywaywiththephrase"Project

Gutenberg"),youagreetocomplywithallthetermsoftheFullProject

Gutenberg-tmLicense(availablewiththisfileoronlineat

http://www.gutenberg.org/license).

Section1.GeneralTermsofUseandRedistributingProjectGutenberg-tm

electronicworks

1.A.ByreadingorusinganypartofthisProjectGutenberg-tm

electronicwork,youindicatethatyouhaveread,understand,agreeto

andacceptallthetermsofthislicenseandintellectualproperty

(trademark/copyright)agreement.Ifyoudonotagreetoabidebyall

thetermsofthisagreement,youmustceaseusingandreturnordestroy

allcopiesofProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworksinyourpossession.

IfyoupaidafeeforobtainingacopyoforaccesstoaProject

Gutenberg-tmelectronicworkandyoudonotagreetobeboundbythe

termsofthisagreement,youmayobtainarefundfromthepersonor

entitytowhomyoupaidthefeeassetforthinparagraph1.E.8.

1.B."ProjectGutenberg"isaregisteredtrademark.Itmayonlybe

usedonorassociatedinanywaywithanelectronicworkbypeoplewho

agreetobeboundbythetermsofthisagreement.Thereareafew

thingsthatyoucandowithmostProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworks

evenwithoutcomplyingwiththefulltermsofthisagreement.See

paragraph1.Cbelow.TherearealotofthingsyoucandowithProject

Gutenberg-tmelectronicworksifyoufollowthetermsofthisagreement

andhelppreservefreefutureaccesstoProjectGutenberg-tmelectronic

works.Seeparagraph1.Ebelow.

1.C.TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation("theFoundation"

orPGLAF),ownsacompilationcopyrightinthecollectionofProject

Gutenberg-tmelectronicworks.Nearlyalltheindividualworksinthe

collectionareinthepublicdomainintheUnitedStates.Ifan

individualworkisinthepublicdomainintheUnitedStatesandyouare

locatedintheUnitedStates,wedonotclaimarighttopreventyoufrom

copying,distributing,performing,displayingorcreatingderivative

worksbasedontheworkaslongasallreferencestoProjectGutenberg

areremoved.Ofcourse,wehopethatyouwillsupporttheProject

Gutenberg-tmmissionofpromotingfreeaccesstoelectronicworksby

freelysharingProjectGutenberg-tmworksincompliancewiththetermsof

thisagreementforkeepingtheProjectGutenberg-tmnameassociatedwith

thework.Youcaneasilycomplywiththetermsofthisagreementby

keepingthisworkinthesameformatwithitsattachedfullProject

Gutenberg-tmLicensewhenyoushareitwithoutchargewithothers.

1.D.Thecopyrightlawsoftheplacewhereyouarelocatedalsogovern

whatyoucandowiththiswork.Copyrightlawsinmostcountriesarein

aconstantstateofchange.IfyouareoutsidetheUnitedStates,check

thelawsofyourcountryinadditiontothetermsofthisagreement

beforedownloading,copying,displaying,performing,distributingor

creatingderivativeworksbasedonthisworkoranyotherProject

Gutenberg-tmwork.TheFoundationmakesnorepresentationsconcerning

thecopyrightstatusofanyworkinanycountryoutsidetheUnited

States.

1.E.UnlessyouhaveremovedallreferencestoProjectGutenberg:

1.E.1.Thefollowingsentence,withactivelinksto,orotherimmediate

accessto,thefullProjectGutenberg-tmLicensemustappearprominently

wheneveranycopyofaProjectGutenberg-tmwork(anyworkonwhichthe

phrase"ProjectGutenberg"appears,orwithwhichthephrase"Project

Gutenberg"isassociated)isaccessed,displayed,performed,viewed,

copiedordistributed:

ThiseBookisfortheuseofanyoneanywhereatnocostandwith

almostnorestrictionswhatsoever.Youmaycopyit,giveitawayor

re-useitunderthetermsoftheProjectGutenbergLicenseincluded

withthiseBookoronlineatwww.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.IfanindividualProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworkisderived

fromthepublicdomain(doesnotcontainanoticeindicatingthatitis

postedwithpermissionofthecopyrightholder),theworkcanbecopied

anddistributedtoanyoneintheUnitedStateswithoutpayinganyfees

orcharges.Ifyouareredistributingorprovidingaccesstoawork

withthephrase"ProjectGutenberg"associatedwithorappearingonthe

work,youmustcomplyeitherwiththerequirementsofparagraphs1.E.1

through1.E.7orobtainpermissionfortheuseoftheworkandthe

ProjectGutenberg-tmtrademarkassetforthinparagraphs1.E.8or

1.E.9.

1.E.3.IfanindividualProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworkisposted

withthepermissionofthecopyrightholder,youruseanddistribution

mustcomplywithbothparagraphs1.E.1through1.E.7andanyadditional

termsimposedbythecopyrightholder.Additionaltermswillbelinked

totheProjectGutenberg-tmLicenseforallworkspostedwiththe

permissionofthecopyrightholderfoundatthebeginningofthiswork.

1.E.4.DonotunlinkordetachorremovethefullProjectGutenberg-tm

Licensetermsfromthiswork,oranyfilescontainingapartofthis

workoranyotherworkassociatedwithProjectGutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.Donotcopy,display,perform,distributeorredistributethis

electronicwork,oranypartofthiselectronicwork,without

prominentlydisplayingthesentencesetforthinparagraph1.E.1with

activelinksorimmediateaccesstothefulltermsoftheProject

Gutenberg-tmLicense.

1.E.6.Youmayconverttoanddistributethisworkinanybinary,

compressed,markedup,nonproprietaryorproprietaryform,includingany

wordprocessingorhypertextform.However,ifyouprovideaccesstoor

distributecopiesofaProjectGutenberg-tmworkinaformatotherthan

"PlainVanillaASCII"orotherformatusedintheofficialversion

postedontheofficialProjectGutenberg-tmwebsite(www.gutenberg.org),

youmust,atnoadditionalcost,feeorexpensetotheuser,providea

copy,ameansofexportingacopy,orameansofobtainingacopyupon

request,oftheworkinitsoriginal"PlainVanillaASCII"orother

form.AnyalternateformatmustincludethefullProjectGutenberg-tm

Licenseasspecifiedinparagraph1.E.1.

1.E.7.Donotchargeafeeforaccessto,viewing,displaying,

performing,copyingordistributinganyProjectGutenberg-tmworks

unlessyoucomplywithparagraph1.E.8or1.E.9.

1.E.8.Youmaychargeareasonablefeeforcopiesoforproviding

accesstoordistributingProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworksprovided

that

-Youpayaroyaltyfeeof20%ofthegrossprofitsyouderivefrom

theuseofProjectGutenberg-tmworkscalculatedusingthemethod

youalreadyusetocalculateyourapplicabletaxes.Thefeeis

owedtotheowneroftheProjectGutenberg-tmtrademark,buthe

hasagreedtodonateroyaltiesunderthisparagraphtothe

ProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation.Royaltypayments

mustbepaidwithin60daysfollowingeachdateonwhichyou

prepare(orarelegallyrequiredtoprepare)yourperiodictax

returns.Royaltypaymentsshouldbeclearlymarkedassuchand

senttotheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationatthe

addressspecifiedinSection4,"Informationaboutdonationsto

theProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation."

-Youprovideafullrefundofanymoneypaidbyauserwhonotifies

youinwriting(orbye-mail)within30daysofreceiptthats/he

doesnotagreetothetermsofthefullProjectGutenberg-tm

License.Youmustrequiresuchausertoreturnor

destroyallcopiesoftheworkspossessedinaphysicalmedium

anddiscontinuealluseofandallaccesstoothercopiesof

ProjectGutenberg-tmworks.

-Youprovide,inaccordancewithparagraph1.F.3,afullrefundofany

moneypaidforaworkorareplacementcopy,ifadefectinthe

electronicworkisdiscoveredandreportedtoyouwithin90days

ofreceiptofthework.

-Youcomplywithallothertermsofthisagreementforfree

distributionofProjectGutenberg-tmworks.

1.E.9.IfyouwishtochargeafeeordistributeaProjectGutenberg-tm

electronicworkorgroupofworksondifferenttermsthanareset

forthinthisagreement,youmustobtainpermissioninwritingfrom

boththeProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationandMichael

Hart,theowneroftheProjectGutenberg-tmtrademark.Contactthe

FoundationassetforthinSection3below.

1.F.

1.F.1.ProjectGutenbergvolunteersandemployeesexpendconsiderable

efforttoidentify,docopyrightresearchon,transcribeandproofread

publicdomainworksincreatingtheProjectGutenberg-tm

collection.Despitetheseefforts,ProjectGutenberg-tmelectronic

works,andthemediumonwhichtheymaybestored,maycontain

"Defects,"suchas,butnotlimitedto,incomplete,inaccurateor

corruptdata,transcriptionerrors,acopyrightorotherintellectual

propertyinfringement,adefectiveordamageddiskorothermedium,a

computervirus,orcomputercodesthatdamageorcannotbereadby

yourequipment.

1.F.2.LIMITEDWARRANTY,DISCLAIMEROFDAMAGES-Exceptforthe"Right

ofReplacementorRefund"describedinparagraph1.F.3,theProject

GutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation,theowneroftheProject

Gutenberg-tmtrademark,andanyotherpartydistributingaProject

Gutenberg-tmelectronicworkunderthisagreement,disclaimall

liabilitytoyoufordamages,costsandexpenses,includinglegal

fees.YOUAGREETHATYOUHAVENOREMEDIESFORNEGLIGENCE,STRICT

LIABILITY,BREACHOFWARRANTYORBREACHOFCONTRACTEXCEPTTHOSE

PROVIDEDINPARAGRAPHF3.YOUAGREETHATTHEFOUNDATION,THE

TRADEMARKOWNER,ANDANYDISTRIBUTORUNDERTHISAGREEMENTWILLNOTBE

LIABLETOYOUFORACTUAL,DIRECT,INDIRECT,CONSEQUENTIAL,PUNITIVEOR

INCIDENTALDAMAGESEVENIFYOUGIVENOTICEOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCH

DAMAGE.

1.F.3.LIMITEDRIGHTOFREPLACEMENTORREFUND-Ifyoudiscovera

defectinthiselectronicworkwithin90daysofreceivingit,youcan

receivearefundofthemoney(ifany)youpaidforitbysendinga

writtenexplanationtothepersonyoureceivedtheworkfrom.Ifyou

receivedtheworkonaphysicalmedium,youmustreturnthemediumwith

yourwrittenexplanation.Thepersonorentitythatprovidedyouwith

thedefectiveworkmayelecttoprovideareplacementcopyinlieuofa

refund.Ifyoureceivedtheworkelectronically,thepersonorentity

providingittoyoumaychoosetogiveyouasecondopportunityto

receivetheworkelectronicallyinlieuofarefund.Ifthesecondcopy

isalsodefective,youmaydemandarefundinwritingwithoutfurther

opportunitiestofixtheproblem.

1.F.4.Exceptforthelimitedrightofreplacementorrefundsetforth

inparagraph1.F.3,thisworkisprovidedtoyou'AS-IS,'WITHNOOTHER

WARRANTIESOFANYKIND,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTO

WARRANTIESOFMERCHANTIBILITYORFITNESSFORANYPURPOSE.

1.F.5.Somestatesdonotallowdisclaimersofcertainimplied

warrantiesortheexclusionorlimitationofcertaintypesofdamages.

Ifanydisclaimerorlimitationsetforthinthisagreementviolatesthe

lawofthestateapplicabletothisagreement,theagreementshallbe

interpretedtomakethemaximumdisclaimerorlimitationpermittedby

theapplicablestatelaw.Theinvalidityorunenforceabilityofany

provisionofthisagreementshallnotvoidtheremainingprovisions.

1.F.6.INDEMNITY-YouagreetoindemnifyandholdtheFoundation,the

trademarkowner,anyagentoremployeeoftheFoundation,anyone

providingcopiesofProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworksinaccordance

withthisagreement,andanyvolunteersassociatedwiththeproduction,

promotionanddistributionofProjectGutenberg-tmelectronicworks,

harmlessfromallliability,costsandexpenses,includinglegalfees,

thatarisedirectlyorindirectlyfromanyofthefollowingwhichyoudo

orcausetooccur:(a)distributionofthisoranyProjectGutenberg-tm

work,(b)alteration,modification,oradditionsordeletionstoany

ProjectGutenberg-tmwork,and(c)anyDefectyoucause.

Section2.InformationabouttheMissionofProjectGutenberg-tm

ProjectGutenberg-tmissynonymouswiththefreedistributionof

electronicworksinformatsreadablebythewidestvarietyofcomputers

includingobsolete,old,middle-agedandnewcomputers.Itexists

becauseoftheeffortsofhundredsofvolunteersanddonationsfrom

peopleinallwalksoflife.

Volunteersandfinancialsupporttoprovidevolunteerswiththe

assistancetheyneedarecriticaltoreachingProjectGutenberg-tm's

goalsandensuringthattheProjectGutenberg-tmcollectionwill

remainfreelyavailableforgenerationstocome.In2001,theProject

GutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationwascreatedtoprovideasecure

andpermanentfutureforProjectGutenberg-tmandfuturegenerations.

TolearnmoreabouttheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation

andhowyoureffortsanddonationscanhelp,seeSections3and4

andtheFoundationwebpageathttp://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.

Section3.InformationabouttheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchive

Foundation

TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationisanonprofit

501(c)(3)educationalcorporationorganizedunderthelawsofthe

stateofMississippiandgrantedtaxexemptstatusbytheInternal

RevenueService.TheFoundation'sEINorfederaltaxidentification

numberis64-6221541.ContributionstotheProjectGutenberg

LiteraryArchiveFoundationaretaxdeductibletothefullextent

permittedbyU.S.federallawsandyourstate'slaws.

TheFoundation'sprincipalofficeislocatedat4557MelanDr.S.

Fairbanks,AK,99712.,butitsvolunteersandemployeesarescattered

throughoutnumerouslocations.Itsbusinessofficeislocatedat

809North1500West,SaltLakeCity,UT84116,(801)596-1887,email

business@pglaf.org.Emailcontactlinksanduptodatecontact

informationcanbefoundattheFoundation'swebsiteandofficial

pageathttp://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact

Foradditionalcontactinformation:

Dr.GregoryB.Newby

ChiefExecutiveandDirector

gbnewby@pglaf.org

Section4.InformationaboutDonationstotheProjectGutenberg

LiteraryArchiveFoundation

ProjectGutenberg-tmdependsuponandcannotsurvivewithoutwide

spreadpublicsupportanddonationstocarryoutitsmissionof

increasingthenumberofpublicdomainandlicensedworksthatcanbe

freelydistributedinmachinereadableformaccessiblebythewidest

arrayofequipmentincludingoutdatedequipment.Manysmalldonations

($1to$5,000)areparticularlyimportanttomaintainingtaxexempt

statuswiththeIRS.

TheFoundationiscommittedtocomplyingwiththelawsregulating

charitiesandcharitabledonationsinall50statesoftheUnited

States.Compliancerequirementsarenotuniformandittakesa

considerableeffort,muchpaperworkandmanyfeestomeetandkeepup

withtheserequirements.Wedonotsolicitdonationsinlocations

wherewehavenotreceivedwrittenconfirmationofcompliance.To

SENDDONATIONSordeterminethestatusofcomplianceforany

particularstatevisithttp://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf

Whilewecannotanddonotsolicitcontributionsfromstateswherewe

havenotmetthesolicitationrequirements,weknowofnoprohibition

againstacceptingunsoliciteddonationsfromdonorsinsuchstateswho

approachuswithofferstodonate.

Internationaldonationsaregratefullyaccepted,butwecannotmake

anystatementsconcerningtaxtreatmentofdonationsreceivedfrom

outsidetheUnitedStates.U.S.lawsaloneswampoursmallstaff.

PleasechecktheProjectGutenbergWebpagesforcurrentdonation

methodsandaddresses.Donationsareacceptedinanumberofother

waysincludingchecks,onlinepaymentsandcreditcarddonations.

Todonate,pleasevisit:http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate

Section5.GeneralInformationAboutProjectGutenberg-tmelectronic

works.

ProfessorMichaelS.HartistheoriginatoroftheProjectGutenberg-tm

conceptofalibraryofelectronicworksthatcouldbefreelyshared

withanyone.Forthirtyyears,heproducedanddistributedProject

Gutenberg-tmeBookswithonlyaloosenetworkofvolunteersupport.

ProjectGutenberg-tmeBooksareoftencreatedfromseveralprinted

editions,allofwhichareconfirmedasPublicDomainintheU.S.

unlessacopyrightnoticeisincluded.Thus,wedonotnecessarily

keepeBooksincompliancewithanyparticularpaperedition.

EacheBookisinasubdirectoryofthesamenumberastheeBook's

eBooknumber,ofteninseveralformatsincludingplainvanillaASCII,

compressed(zipped),HTMLandothers.

CorrectedEDITIONSofoureBooksreplacetheoldfileandtakeover

theoldfilenameandetextnumber.Thereplacedolderfileisrenamed.

VERSIONSbasedonseparatesourcesaretreatedasneweBooksreceiving

newfilenamesandetextnumbers.

MostpeoplestartatourWebsitewhichhasthemainPGsearchfacility:

http://www.gutenberg.org

ThisWebsiteincludesinformationaboutProjectGutenberg-tm,

includinghowtomakedonationstotheProjectGutenbergLiterary

ArchiveFoundation,howtohelpproduceourneweBooks,andhowto

subscribetoouremailnewslettertohearaboutneweBooks.

EBookspostedpriortoNovember2003,witheBooknumbersBELOW#10000,

arefiledindirectoriesbasedontheirreleasedate.Ifyouwantto

downloadanyoftheseeBooksdirectly,ratherthanusingtheregular

searchsystemyoumayutilizethefollowingaddressesandjust

downloadbytheetextyear.

http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/

(Or/etext05,04,03,02,01,00,99,

98,97,96,95,94,93,92,92,91or90)

EBookspostedsinceNovember2003,withetextnumbersOVER#10000,are

filedinadifferentway.Theyearofareleasedateisnolongerpart

ofthedirectorypath.Thepathisbasedontheetextnumber(whichis

identicaltothefilename).Thepathtothefileismadeupofsingle

digitscorrespondingtoallbutthelastdigitinthefilename.For

exampleaneBookoffilename10234wouldbefoundat:

http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234

orfilename24689wouldbefoundat:

http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689

AnalternativemethodoflocatingeBooks:

http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL

***END:FULLLICENSE***