Catania, 12/04/2019 riuso) di materia e energia dai fanghi di … · 2019. 4. 12. · Il recupero...

Il recupero (e riuso ) di materia e energia dai fanghi

di depurazioneFrancesco Fatone ([email protected])

Laboratorio di Ingegneria Ambientale delle Acque e dei Rifiuti (LIAAR)

Dipartimento SIMAU, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Ancona

Catania, 12/04/2019

FANGO = BIORISORSA ???

Is municipal wastewater and

sewage sludge in?

Brussels, 28 May 2018

MINUTES AVAILABLE HERE:

http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Minutes_Workshop_Biowaste.pdf

Is municipal wastewater and sewage sludge in?

Is municipal wastewater and

sewage sludge in?

Is water and/or wastewater central in the

“Circular Economy Package”?

Source: https://www.eip-water.eu/water-%E2%80%9Ccircular-economy-package%E2%80%9D

Circular Economy Package mainly aim at facilitating water reuse - this will include a legislative proposal on minimum requirements for reused water, for example for irri gation and groundwater recharge

FP7HORIZON

2020

HORIZON EUROPE

WP 2014 - 2015

WP 2016 - 2017

WP 2018 - 2020

WP: Work programmes

FP: Funding programmes

WP 2014 - 2015

Call on Waste with 7 topics

Call on Water with 5 topics-> Water 1: bridging the Gap: frominnovative water solutions to market replication

=>

WP 2016- 2017

Call on Circular Economy with4 topics

Call on Water with 3 topics

WP 2018- 2020

Circular Economy is a focus area. 8 topics under SC5

Call on Water with 3 topics

>70 water andCircular Ec. projects

H2020 IN THE THREE MAIN PATHWAYS TO DELIVER CIRCULAR ECONOMY

VALUABLE

MATERIALS

ENERGY

• Portfolio of resources• Economy of scale• International cluster of innovators• Cross-sectorial value chain• Standard methods and quality

The ENERGY PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)

Current Technology Readiness Level = 8 -9

YES WE COULD and WE CAN!!!

butWATER-ENERGY-CARBON

NEXUS!

Energy positive is not possible in conventional

WWTPs

Full scale performances of enhanced anaerobic

digestion (1)

Full scale performances of enhanced anaerobic digestion (2)

Energy positive in full scale: how?

• Upstream diversion of more carbon to anaerobic digestion

• Separate short-cut treatment of the reject water

• Energy-efficiency in the mainline (e.g. short-cut (via-nitrite) processes)

The A-B schemes

Strass WRRF: energy positive since 2005

In 2011:

- 250 000 PE

- 37 000 m3/d Winter

- 23 000 m3/d Summer

Energy -positive in 2005

120%-140% positive by co -digestion of sewage sludge and

organic waste

Energy positive evolution : H2020 POWERSTEP

POWERSTEP modules1- in mainline WWTP for A -stage (C extraction) 2- in mainline WWTP for B -stage (N removal)3- reject water for N - removal or N -recovery4- for best biogas valorisation

www.powerstep.eu

The MATERIALS PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)

Phosphorus = TRL 8-9Other (Focus on cellulose, VFA

and biopolymers) = TRL 4-7

but: social, market and regulatorybarriers!

Germany 2017+: a template to adapt, but not just to copy as is

� 2017 – new fertilising ordinance (DÜV) limits nutrient loads applied toland and acutely reduces sludge disposal capacities -> cost explosion!

� new fertiliser ordinance (DÜMV) sets stricter quality criteria (less sludgeconform) – monitoring cost

� 2017 – new sewage sludge ordinance (AbfKlärV) enters into force• 2023 – all WWTP have to submit sludge management concepts considering P

recovery• 2029 – P recovery oblig. for all WWTP above 100,000 p.e. (ban from land

application)• 2032 – P recovery oblig. for all WWTP > 50,000 p.e.

o Even smaller WWTP have to recover P, if no land application possibleo On-site WWTP: P recovery to deplete below 20 g P/kg DM or at least by 50%o After thermal-pretreatment recoverable separate storage of ash/concentrate or

recovery process with >80% recovery rate

What is missing?o No marketable recycling concepts includedo No measure to secure proper ash quality (all sludge can be inc. in mono-inc.)o Reverence value for P should refer to mineral sludge phase, not to DSo Who pays for what? (Inc. and recovery from ash monopoly?)

© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights ReservedEuropean Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe

Sewage Sludge - Destinations in Germany 2016 and 2030

Total municipal sludge quantity: 1.77 million tons of dry solids per year!

© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights Reserved

26%

78%

38%

10%

34%

10%

2%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2016

2030

SHARE OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL ROUTE

YE

AR

Other Agriculture and landscaping

Co-incineratioon Mono-incineration

Estimated trend for future disposal routes by 2030

European Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe

Hotspots for P recovery & Recycling for WWTP > 50.000 p.e.

primary

clarificatio

n

secondary

clarificatio

n

influent effluent

grit

chamberaeration

bioga

s

anaerobic

digestion

dewatering

incineratio

n

agriculture

2b

2a 3

1process water

waste activated sludge

thickenin

g

Integrated in WWTP

Site by Site

Downstream WWTP

Clusters

2c

P re-dissolving pre-treatment


2029/32+� Land appl. prohibited

� Co-incineration onlyfor sludge with < 2%P

� Mono-incineration allowedwithout restriction, but Precovery from ash afterwardsrequired

Priority for utilities:� Long term disposal security� Cost control� Lowest financial risk


More than 100 full-scale plants operational world-wide! > 80 recover Struvite (> 60 are municipal)

Global implementation – without law enforcement just to recover as such?


https://de.batchgeo.com/map/0f9d56a3aa57a51379a3cb23af27d202


Availability of Solutions? … Yes! there are …

Am

ende

d fr

om P

-RE

X®

and

Kra

us


P recovery & recyclingPre-treatment

Recovery modulesRe-dissolution modulesWhere?

Demo/PilotFull-scale

Crystallizatio

n in sludge

matrix

Without enforced re-

diss.

Integrated

recovery at

WWTP Crystallizatio

n in sludge

liquor or

adsorption

at CSH after

dewatering

Thermal hydrolysis

Poly-phosphate re-diss.

prior digestion

Chemical re-dissolution

Wasstrip

Lysother

m

Lysother

mTDH

Pondus

StuttgartEXTRAPHO

S

AirPrexAirPrex

Struvite

EloPhos

Struvite

PearlPearl

Struvite

Phosphogreen

Struvite

Down-stream

recovery from

sewage sludge

Sewage sludge mono-

incineration

Thermal alternatives

Chemically

Thermal

Glatt® SERAPLANT

NPK

Solvent Extraction

tech. grade H3PO4

EcoPhos and TetraPhos

tech. grade H3PO4

AshDec, EuPhoRe

Mineral Phosphates

Thermphos

P4

Thermphos

P4

Mephrec

P-rich slag

RecoPhos (InduCarb)

P4

METAWATER

HAP

Direct application Agriculture

Acidogen.

CalPrexDCP

KUBOTA

P-rich slag

+

Landscaping

STRUVEX

Struvite

Multiwa

s

Multiwa

s

Conv. Fertiliser Manufact.

SSP/TSP/NP/NPK/PK

Ash2Phos & CleanMAP

DCP, MAP, SSP, …

Rephosmast

Struvite

Rephosmast

er

Struvite

PhosnixPhosnix

Struvite

AD-HAPAD-HAP

HAP

Phosforce,

CalPrex

EcoRin

P-rich slag

STRUVIAStruvite/DCP


Nutrient Recovery Cascades for P & N + Energy are state of the art!

Digestion

Primary Sludge

Waste

Activated

Sludge

Thermal

hydrolysis

Biogas to CHP

Dewatering

Dewatered Sludge

Return Load

StruviteDAS or AN

N recovery

Digestion

Struvite

Crystallization

Pre-

dewatering

MgCl2NaOH

H2SO4 or HNO3

� Drivers are:

• Operational needs/reduced

maintenance

• Benefits like reduced sludge volume

for disposal -> reduced cost

• Synergies with energy recovery

• Improved overall WWTP

performance to meet stricter P

consentsSou

rce:

am

ende

d fr

om K

raus

201

6


Challenges and keys to Success and Sustainability?Only technologies, yielding homogenous products or raw materials,

independent from input material quality and mutually meeting both criteria, energy efficiency and resource efficiency will have a chance for wide-spread application under sustainability aspects.

Keys:� Heavy metal depletion (high quality products)� Moderate energy (and chemicals) consumption (cost)� Market for “known” recovered P (commercial products) (real value and price)

© Kabbe 2017


Value pyramid

Fonte: SMART-Plant project meeting

Vision of circular construction chain

Vision of the organic residualstream

Il ruolo e la visione di WATERNET

(water utility di Amsterdam)• The importance to see wastewater as a resource is

clear, but the question is where to focus on.

• There is a wide variety of possible alternatives, as the array of technical options grows. While water, energy and nutrient recovery (phosphorus and nitrogen) are known alternatives, other options are emerging, e.g. the recovery of cellulose fibers, biopolymers, bioplastics and protein.

• The primary problem is not the availability of technology for resource recovery, but the lack of a social-technological planning and design methodology to identify and deploy the most sustainable solution in a given geographic and cultural context.

Value pyramid

Description of measures

Amsterdam’s water chain 2013 (in million m3)

Phosphorus in Amsterdam’swastewater chain 2013 (in

ton P).

Effect of measures on recovery of biogas, cellulose , PHA, phosphorous and alginic acid from Amsterdam’s waste water

Cellulose

Struvite

Calcium-P

P-Biofertilizer

Bio-

polymers

Biogas

and

Biomass

Fuel

Energy

and

Carbon

Efficiency

Water re-use and

fertigation

www.smart-plant.eu Start: 01/Jun/2016 – End: 31/May/2020

Scale-up of low-carbon footprint

MAterial Recovery Techniques in

existing wastewater treatment

PLANTs

- Horizon2020 IA

- 9 demo SMARTechs

- Cross-sectorial value chain

- Innovation deal

- 26 partners

- 19 SME or LI

- 7 R&D Organization

Co

nsu

me

r/In

du

stri

al

Pro

du

cts

AWARD 2018

SMARTechs integrated in existingWWTPs (revamped /upgraded to

WRRFs)

SMARTech1 - Geestmerambacht WWTP (NL)

SMARTech2b and Downstream

SMARTech B - Manresa WWTP (Spain) SMARTech2a –

Karmiel WWTP (IL)

SMARTech3 – WWTP at Cranfield University (UK)

SMARTech4a and 5

Carbonera WWTP (IT)

(It

SMARTech 4b - Psyttalia WWTP (Greece)

SMARTech 4a and SMARTech 5

Carbonera WWTP (Italy)

ONGOING STEPS OF THE PROJECT: closed value chain with validated technologies and marketable

industrial/consumer products

Industrial production of lignocellulosic

PHA biocomposites

Post-processing of recovered

cellulose in mortars and concrete

Pilot-scale production of biocomposites

from raw PHA-rich biomass

Production and testing of phosphorus

bio-fertilizers and biomass fuels

Sludge Center :

- THP process

- Anaerobic digestion

- Drying process

THP and SMARTechs in Castelfranco sludge centre ? (ATS Srl)

Sludge line

Temi attuali di ricerca ed innovazione?

https://www.iwarr2019.org/

Temi attuali di innovazione industriale?

H2020 Water Innovations for sustainable impacts in industries and utilities

post-conference workshop @ IWA RR 2019, Venice (IT) 11/09/2019co-organised by H2020 projects SMART-Plant, Hydrousa, NextGen and EASME

The workshop include:

• Pitch: pitching the outcomes of innovative H2020 projects looking at circular economy solutions in the water sector.

• Panel discussion: feedback from end-users, consumers and regulators.

• Break-out sessions: discuss opportunities and challenges related to the market uptake of circular economy solutions, as well as to the replication and adoption of resource recovery from water. Areas of interest include water & energy, water reuse, nutrients recovery, organics recovery, C-footprint and water tariffs.

Target participants:

Water professionals, researchers, utilities, technology providers, policy makers, consultants, and market players and industries outside the water sector able to valorise the recovered resources.

Participation is free - limited number of

participants:

Please send an expression of interest to

[email protected].

Catania, 12/04/2019 riuso) di materia e energia dai fanghi di … · 2019. 4. 12. · Il recupero...

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