Main objective:

Advanced training and harmonization of vocational education in catalysis and

chemical engineering

Target audience:

Topsoe PhD Scholarship Program participants

Young scientists and engineers specialized in catalytic / chemical engineering R&D

Lecturers:

Russian scientists and university professors

Invited foreign speakers

Catalysis and Chemical Engineering:Theoretical Bases and Selected Applications

Scope (tentative):

•Chemical kinetics

•Physics and Chemistry of solid

surfaces (including methods for catalyst study and characterization)

•Materials science for catalysis

•Computational methods (quantum chemistry, modelling and simulation of

complex reactions, computational fluid

dynamics)

•Basic catalytic technologies: process and equipment design and

development

Catalysis and Chemical Engineering:Theoretical Bases and Selected Applications

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Lecture 1 / Outline

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Mikhail Yu. SINEV, D. of Sci.Senior Scientist, Project Leader

N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, R.A.S.

Part 1. Catalysis as phenomenon, subject of basic research and basis ofindustrial processes.

Historical survey – people, discoveries, ideas.

Chemical bases of catalysis; catalysis as kinetic phenomenon.

Part 2. Chemical kinetics as a doctrine of chemical process.

Reactivity.

Chemical reaction and chemical process; reaction system.

Phenomenological and formal kinetics.

Outline Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Part 1

Part 1. Catalysis as phenomenon, subject of basic research and basis ofindustrial processes.

Historical survey – people, discoveries, ideas.

Chemical bases of catalysis; catalysis as kinetic phenomenon.

Part 2. Chemical kinetics as a doctrine of chemical process.

Reactivity.

Chemical reaction and chemical process; reaction system.

Phenomenological and formal kinetics.

Outline Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Catalysis as Phenomenon

Greek – κατάλυσις from κατάλυση – overthrow

Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848)

Overview and summary of observations:

some reactions between seemingly inert chemicals may occur in the presence of a ‘third’ substance called catalyst

Jahresberichte für Chemie, March/1835

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

History

History Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

History Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

N. Cleman and Ch. Desormeaux:

SO2 + NO2 → SO3 + NO

2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2

Alchemy (XV Century):

spiritus vini + sulphuratus acidum →aether + sulphuratus acidum

Catalysis as Phenomenon Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

People, Discoveries, Ideas

Greek – κατάλυσις from κατάλυση – overthrow

Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848)

Overview and summary of observations:

some reactions between seemingly inert chemicals may occur in the presence of a ‘third’ substance called catalyst

Jahresberichte für Chemie, March/1835

People, Discoveries, Ideas Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Konstantin S. Kirhgof(1764-1833)

People, Discoveries, Ideas Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Production of glucose via hydrolysis of starch in the presence of diluted

sulfuric acid

which is not consumed in the course of reaction!!!

People, Discoveries, Ideas Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

Sir Humphry Davy(1778-1829)Konstantin S. Kirhgof

(1764-1833)

Michael Faraday(1791-1867)

Pt: H2 + O2

(c.a. 1835)

Edmund Davy(1785-1857)

Louis-Jaques Thenard(1777-1857)

Production of glucose via hydrolysis of starch in the presence of diluted

sulfuric acid

(1811)

Pt:

C2H5OH + O2

→ CH3COOH

(1820)

Decomposition of NH3, H2O2

over metals of groups I&VIII

(1818 →)

Pt:

CO + O2

C2H5OH+O2

….

(1817 →)

J.J. Berzelius: the concept of ‘catalytic force’

People, Discoveries, Ideas Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

M. Faraday: catalytic action is determined by increased concentration of reactants near the catalyst surface (in other terms –by physical adsorption)

Ch.-G. de la Rive: the concept of intermediate state (oxidation of H2 over platinum via sequential oxidation and reduction)

Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald(1853-1932)

thermodynamics and catalysis (1909):catalyst does not shift equilibrium, but acceleratesonly thermodynamically allowed reactions

People, Discoveries, Ideas Catalysis and Chemical Engineering / L1

the theory of intermediates (1912):the reaction route changes in the presence of catalysts

Paul Sabatier(1854-1941)

⇓

Catalysis as Chemical Phenomenon