Catalogo Tecnico ENG

Technical Catalogue

3

The company pag. 4Production features pag. 5

Material pag. 5Die-casting pag. 5Mechanical tooling pag. 6Pre-treatment and conversion treatment pag. 7Results of pre-treatment pag. 7Painting pag. 7Health and safety of FARAL paints pag. 8

Tables and technical data pag. 9Tables and technical data FARAL Tropical pag. 10Tables and technical data FARAL Etal pag. 12Tables and technical data FARAL Esse pag. 14Tables and technical data FARAL Trio pag. 16Tables and technical data FARAL Trio HP pag. 18Tables and technical data FARAL Tropical 80 pag. 20Tables and technical data FARAL Green pag. 22Tables and technical data FARAL Green HP pag. 24Tables and technical data FARAL Lineal 80 pag. 26Tables and technical data FARAL Alliance pag. 28Tables and technical data FARAL 140 pag. 30Tables and technical data FARAL Longo 80 pag. 32Technical information FARAL Longo 80 pag. 34

Working conditions pag. 35The heating system total efficiency pag. 36

Sizing the heating emitters pag. 38Calculation of the effective thermal output of heating emitters pag. 39

Installation procedures pag. 41Washing and cleaning up the heating system pag. 42Venting the heating system pag. 42Installation and output efficiency pag. 42Positioning the heating emitter pag. 43

Connections to the distribution network pag. 45Thermal insulation of the back wall pag. 46

Selling conditions and guarantee pag. 48Orders pag. 48Changes in orders pag. 48Cancellation of orders pag. 48Delivery pag. 48Complaints pag. 48Package pag. 48Delivery time pag. 48Returns of goods pag. 48Drawings, dimensions and weights pag. 49Guarantee pag. 49Responsibility pag. 50Competent court of justice pag. 50

Index

4

FARAL S.P.A is a company, whose name has been closely associated with van-guard technology in the field of domestic heating for more than 40 years. Thefirst die-cast aluminium radiator in the world was born with Faral.

ProductionThe raw materials employed for the manufacturing of Faral radiators are alu-minium alloys, specifically developed to enable complex items to be produced.The radiators undergo specific multistage treatments before the final coating,making the external and internal surfaces highly resistant to the corrosive actionof the water in the system and the surrounding environment. The painting whichfollows is carried out through a double coating and stoving process. The suc-cessive polymerisation in high temperature kilns guarantees long lasting andglossy coats. FARAL radiators are subjected to strict technological and aesthet-ical controls before they undergo the final leakage test to ensure they complywith the EN 442-1 standard.

Aluminium and Thermal CharacteristicsAluminium is an excellent heat conductor and this ability has been optimisedsince the early stages of the designing of FARAL radiators to guarantee com-fort in any environment. Aluminium with its high conductivity reacts swiftly tochanges in the temperature of the fluid circulating inside it and its low thermalinertia allows it to respond instantly to thermostatically controlled systems.This ability, combined with a low water content, constitutes a substantial sav-ing of energy.

Light Weight and Easy to Install Radiators-AccessoriesThanks to light weight and easy handling, any installation of FARAL radiatorsconstitutes a substantial saving of time. FARAL radiators are supplied in pre-assembled sets, depending on the customer’s requirements. Its wide range ofaccessories makes the installation of FARAL radiators simple and cost effective.

The PackageFARAL wraps its radiatorsin a layer of shrink-wrap-ping polyethylene and thanplace them in a strongcardboard box. This waythe radiator is guaranteedto be transported safelyand easily.

The ColoursFARAL radiators can besupplied in an extensiverange of colours.

The Company

5

MaterialThe aluminium alloy used for the manufacturing of FARAL radiators is an alloy usedin many fields, from transport (engines, gearboxes, etc.) to household appliances,including the use in food, chemicals, pharmaceutical and aerospace industries.This alloy used by FARAL is identified as UNI 5076-74 according to Italy standards,but if we consider the European standard the new identification is EN 132/12 Al Si9 Cu. The composition is the following:

The quality of aluminium alloy is constantly monitored using mass spectrome-ter analysis, despite the fact that it is already accompanied by ample certifi-cation at the time the ingots are supplied. Further to these checks, systemat-ic samplings from the smelting furnaces are carried out to confirm the alloycomposition of the ingots. Tests are also performed in order to determine thegas content in the molten alloy, and those sections which have shown defectsare examined with a microscope

Die-castingThe first operation is the smelting of the pure aluminium ingots: it takes place in 25tons capacity basin furnaces at a temperature of 700/730° C. These furnaces arecleaned internally every day to remove the slag that forms during the smeltingprocess. The heat required to smelt the ingots is delivered by powerful natural gasfired burners. The molten alloy is removed from the furnace by tipping of the entireunit so that the contents pour out into a suitably located ladle; from this positionthe molten alloy is transferred by way of electric trucks and winches to the pressholding furnaces where it is kept at a temperature of 670-680° C. From the holdingfurnaces a sufficient quantity of alloy is extracted to make the casting desired, themolten metal is poured into an injection chamber from where it is forced into thedie at a pressure of 500 bar at a high speed. The castings are lifted from the die byan extractor arm and routed to a station dedicated to cutting the excess material incorrespondence with the casting channels. The resulting workpieces are inspectedvisually one by one and then transferred to the production facilities. In addition to the individual visual check of all the components, FARAL withdrawssample pieces from the rough cast sections and tests them by immersion in

Production Features

81,7

11,0

1,75

0,70

Al

Si

Cu

Fe

Mn

Mg

Zn

Ni

Ti

Pb

Sn

86,55

12,5

2,5

1,00

0,50

0,30

0,80

0,30

0,15

0,15

0,10

6

water filled tanks at an internal pressure 1,3 times higher than the foreseen oper-ating pressure in order to detect any flaws. Dimensional tolerances are checkedby cutting open several sample sections and making all the relevant measure-ments. Every model that is being manufactured does daily undergo a mechani-cal strength test at a pressure 1,69 times higher than the foreseen operatingpressure. If a radiator has an operating pressure of 10 bar, the leakage test iscarried out at a pressure of 13 bar and the mechanical strength test at a pres-sure higher than 16,90 bar.The above described technologies are also used to manufacture the two die-cast terminal collectors of radiator Faral Longo 80. The collectors undergo thevarious mechanical tooling stages and are then jointed to an extruded alumini-um central profile by means of special anaerobic resins. The central extrudedprofile is made of an alloy of primary aluminium identified as EN AW-6060,according to EN 573-3 standard.

Mechanical toolingThe individual radiator sections are subjected to polishing (rough finishing) ofthe front and rear surfaces: an operation performed with dry abrasive belts ofincreasing fineness. The waterways of the sections have to be sealed: a cap,in the same material as the rest of the section, is welded into position using aspecial process known as “flash welding”. This operation utilises the heat gen-erated by the “Joule effect” caused by the passage of current though bothcomponents (radiator section and cap), which are pressed tightly one againstthe other. The fusion takes place when the metal parts in the same areas melt,so that no extraneous materials are required. In order to join several sectionsto form an assembled radiator, the next operations in the production processare thread cutting and spot facing of the sections. These operations are per-formed on dedicated machine tools with a total of four work heads able to cutboth the right and the left threads of the connections simultaneously and tospot face the sealing surfaces. The fact that all the operations are carried outsimultaneously ensures that the contact surfaces will be perfectly parallel sothat the radiators will be correctly aligned when assembled, irrespective of thenumber of sections involved. The threaded and spot faced sections areassembled together in accordance with the configuration required by the cus-tomer, with a minimum of two and a maximum of fifteen sections in each radi-ator. The sections are assembled by the use of threaded nipples each fittedwith a gasket. The assembly machine is connected to a programming unit toestablish the composition of the finished radiator, and also features an auto-matic device for selecting and loading the nipples and for fitting the gaskets.The high level of automation adopted for these processes, combined with theconstant presence of human operators performing specialised tasks of sur-veillance and control, enable FARAL to optimise process quality and reducethe risk of rejects when the assembled radiators arrive at the next process inthe line. The final leakage test is carried out by injection of compressed air intothe radiators at a pressure 1,3 times higher than the foreseen operating pres-

7

sure and by successive immersion in a water filled tank. This test is carried outon 100% of the production and enables to detect defects in casting, weldingor assembling. The radiators that pass this test are finally transferred to thepainting plant, after being subjected to a further polishing stage using abrasivebelts of finer and finer grit.

Pre-treatment and conversion treatmentThe exclusive treatment cycle to which the internal and external surfaces of theradiators are subjected allows to wash deeply the waterways, thus removing allremnants of the previous operations and providing an appropriate and perma-nent barrier against possible corrosion at the same time. The outer surfaces aretreated to better receive the successive coats of painting so that they cananchor firmly to the surfaces. The treatment is carried out by transferring theradiators through a total of 12 tanks. FARAL plants work through a complexcycle, which is composed by the following passages, preceded and followed byrinses with running or demineralised water:

• High temperature alkaline degrease: the chemical action combined with themechanical one coming from forced circulation allow to eliminate and emulsifymost of the oils and greases present on the internal and external surface ofradiators.• Acid deoxidisation: this stage eliminates the residual oxides, removes thedamaging metals from the first layers of the metal and prepare it for the con-version treatment.• Conversion treatment: pre-treatment of radiators provides the basis for anexcellent quality, but the conversion treatment is a fundamental point. In thisstage the aluminium surface is converted into an inert film of aluminium oxide,chemically bound to the passivating product. Very strict checking parameters,such as the final ultra-filtered rinse, ensure an optimal treatment cycle andguarantee that no trace of salt is left over on treated radiators.

Results of pre-treatmentThanks to the exclusive chemical passivation of its surfaces, FARAL aluminiumalloy radiator limits the formation of gas within the heating system. Gas forma-tion rises from oxidation of all the metallic elements of the heating system suchas heat exchangers of boilers; pipes; valves and wet radiator’s surfaces. Thegases coming from the splitting of water plant thorough electrolysis accumulateright in the points, where water doesn’t run very fast: inside the radiators.Thanks to chemical passivation and metallic conversion of internal surfaces,Faral radiators are artificially aged, thus being already highly corrosion resistantfrom the very first time on they are installed. It is to be highlighted that, in Italy,the UNI 8065 standard requires the pre-treatment of heating plant water. Thestrict observance of this standard avoids gas formation and accumulation.Similar standards are effective in any other country and must be observed andapplied considering all the materials that the plant is composed of.

8

PaintingFARAL radiators are painted through a double deposition process followed bystoving of the used pigments. The first coat layer is applied by electrophoresis:the radiator is submerged in a tank where the paint is suspended in deminer-alised water. The paint is deposited on the whole radiator thanks to the effectof an ionising field created by D.C. electricity.The painting process continues by submerging the radiators into a sequence ofthree tanks: one for painting alone and the successive two for washing the radi-ators in demineralised water. After this coat deposition phase, the radiators aresent to the stove where polymerisation takes place at a temperature of 180°Cfor 35 minutes. At the stove exit a visual check is carried out on painting qual-ity. After this check the radiators undergo the final painting process, achievedby electrostatic application of epoxy-polyester powders followed by stoving ata temperature of 180°C for 40 minutes. At the stove exit, the radiators are visu-ally checked again before they are transferred to the packaging department. It is important to underline a number of aspects, which make this paintingprocess so exclusive. From the production point of view, we wanted the char-acteristics of the finished radiator to be absolutely stable: the system guaran-tees that radiators spend the due time in any single processing station. If anelectrical black-out or any other type of mechanical or electrical failure occurs,the control system continues to work even during the emergency and automat-ically moves the radiators away from the zone in which, for example, the paintmight be burnt for too long, thus giving a final colour with a slightly differentnuance. The absolutely constant results of pre-treatment play a major role too:they prepare the surface of radiators to receive the paint properly. Obviouslythis is all guaranteed by a UPS, which thanks to a specific programming soft-ware, provides the necessary power for emergency operations to be carried outautomatically.

Health and safety of FARAL paintsThe paints used by FARAL on its radiators are certified harmless by their sup-pliers. The paint used during the electrophoresis process is acrylic and doesnot give off any substance when utilized. The mainly utilized solvent is dem-ineralised water, which evaporates during stoving. In the event of fire (completecombustion of the organic part of the film of paint), only carbon dioxide andwater vapour will be given off. The same is valid for the final coating. The utilized powder paints have a heavymetal content well below the limits stipulated for products used to paint toys,according to EN 71-3 standard. In the event of fire FARAL radiators will not giveoff toxic fumes or vapours.

It is clear that a painting process carried out on industrial scale with specificproducts, is much safer, environment-friendly and healthy than painting byhand or on site, or even worse when radiators have already been installed,using products with in appropriate formulae or hazardous solvents.

9

FARAL Tropical

FARAL Etal

FARAL Esse

FARAL Trio

FARAL Trio HP

FARAL Tropical 80

FARAL Green

FARAL Green HP

FARAL Lineal 80

FARAL Alliance

FARAL 140

FARAL Longo 80

Tables and technical data

10

FARAL Tropical

B

50

35

45

A

C

D

11

Water contentliters/section

WeightKg/section

Heat outputEN442∆T= 50 K

95 880 800 80 0,620 182 1,38237FARAL Tropical 800

95 780 700 80 0,460 166 1,36182FARAL Tropical 700

95 680 600 80 0,410

2,110

150 1,34353FARAL Tropical 600

95 580 500 80 0,350

2,020

129 1,33973FARAL Tropical 500

95 430 350 80 0,440

1,740

92,8 1,30461FARAL Tropical 350

1,560

1,120

A B C DLengthmm

Centresmm

Heightmm

Depthmm

ModelFARAL Tropical

Exponentn

1"

1"

1"

1"

1"

Connectiondiameterinches

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

51,3

134

234

290

54,8

138

187

239

295

58,5 62,2

143

192

245

301

148

197

250

307

65,9

152

202

256

313

69,8

157

208

261

319

73,7

162

213

267

324

77,6

167

218

273

330

81,6

172

223

278

336

85,7

30 89,8 93,9 98,1 102 107 111 116 120 124 129

177

229

284

342

FARAL Tropical 800

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

50

60

70

83,0

123

213

263

86,8

127

171

218

268

90,6

131

176

223

273

94,5

136

180

228

279

98,4

140

185

233

284

102

144

189

238

289

106

149

194

243

294

110

153

199

248

300

115

157

204

253

305

20 47,8 51,1 54,4 57,8 61,3 64,8 68,3 71,9 75,6 79,3

119

162

208

258

310

FARAL Tropical 700

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

43,8

75,6

111

192

236

46,8

79,0

115

154

196

240

49,8 52,9

82,4

119

158

200

245

85,9

123

162

205

250

56,0

89,4

126

166

209

254

59,2

93,0

130

171

214

259

62,4

96,5

134

175

218

263

65,6

100

138

179

222

268

68,9

104

142

183

227

273

72,2

108

146

187

231

278

FARAL Tropical 600

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

28,1

47,6

69,3

118

144

29,9

49,7

71,6

95,2

120

147

31,8 33,7

51,8

73,9

97,6

123

149

53,9

76,2

100

125

152

35,6

56,1

78,5

103

128

155

37,6

58,3

80,9

105

131

157

39,5

60,4

83,2

108

133

160

41,5

62,6

85,6

110

136

163

43,5

64,8

88,0

113

139

166

45,6

67,1

90,4

115

141

168

FARAL Tropical 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

37,8

65,1

95,6

165

202

40,3

68,0

98,9

132

168

206

42,9 45,6

70,9

102

136

172

210

73,9

105

139

176

214

48,2

76,9

109

143

180

218

51,0

80,0

112

147

183

222

53,7

83,1

115

150

187

226

56,5

86,2

119

154

191

230

59,3

89,3

122

157

195

234

62,2

92,5

126

161

199

238

FARAL Tropical 500

50 182 166

129150

92,8

• The maximum operating pressure is 600 kPa (6 bar)• The thermal outputs expressed at ∆T= 50 K comply with the European regulation EN 442-2

Tables for calculation of thermal outputs with different ∆T

Thermal outputs data expressed in Watt. 1 watt = 0,860 Kcal/h

12

FARAL EtalD

C B

A

45

35

50

13


WeightKg/section

Heat outputEN442∆T= 50 KA B C DLength

mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Etal

Exponentn


95 880 800 80 0,600 184 1,36642FARAL Etal 800

95 780 700 80 0,450 166 1,36291FARAL Etal 700

95 680 600 80 0,410

2,170

148 1,35939FARAL Etal 600

95 580 500 80 0,350

2,000

130 1,35590FARAL Etal 500

95 430 350 80 0,440

1,730

92,7 1,30642FARAL Etal 350

1,480

1,120

1"

1"

1"

1"

1"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

91,3

135

235

291

95,5

140

241

296

99,7

145

246

302

104

149

252

308

108

154

257

314

113

159

263

319

117

164

268

325

122

169

274

331

126

174

279

337

131

179

285

343

FARAL Etal 800

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

82,6

122

213

262

86,4

127

217

267

90,2

131

222

273

94,1

135

227

278

98,0

139

232

283

102

144

237

288

106

148

242

293

110

152

247

299

114

157

252

304

20 52,5 56,1 59,8 63,5 67,3 71,2 75,1 79,1 83,1 87,2 20 47,6 50,8 54,2 57,5 61,0 64,5 68,0 71,6 75,2 78,9

118

161

257

309

FARAL Etal 700

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

42,6

73,9

109

190

234

45,5

77,3

113

152

194

238

48,5 51,5

80,7

117

156

198

243

84,1

121

160

203

248

54,6

87,6

124

164

207

252

57,7

91,1

128

168

211

257

60,8

94,7

132

173

216

262

64,0

98,3

136

177

220

266

67,3

102

140

181

225

271

70,6

106

144

185

229

276

FARAL Etal 600

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

28,0

47,6

69,3

118

144

29,8

49,6

71,5

95,1

120

147

31,7 33,6

51,7

73,8

97,6

123

149

53,9

76,1

100

125

152

35,5

56,0

78,4

103

128

155

37,5

58,2

80,8

105

131

157

39,5

60,4

83,1

107

133

160

41,4

62,6

85,5

110

136

163

43,5

64,8

87,9

113

139

166

45,5

67,0

90,3

115

141

169

FARAL Etal 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

30

40

50

60

70

37,5

65,1

96,1

167

205

40,1

68,0

99,4

134

170

209

42,7 45,4

71,0

103

137

174

213

74,0

106

141

178

217

48,1

77,1

109

144

182

221

50,8

80,2

113

148

186

225

53,6

83,3

116

152

189

229

56,4

86,5

120

155

193

234

59,2

89,6

123

159

197

238

62,1

92,9

127

163

201

242

FARAL Etal 500

189 194 199 204 209 214 219 225 230 50 170 175 180 184 189 193 198 203 20850 184 166

130

92,7

148




14

FARAL Esse

50

35

45

B

A

C

D

15


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Esse

Exponentn





50

35

C

45

A

B

D

16

FARAL Trio


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Trio

Exponentn


95 880 800 80 0,600 192 1,314FARAL Trio 800

Thermal output tests in course

95 780 700 80 0,550 175 * 1,31 *FARAL Trio 700

2,300

2,020

1"

1"

95 680 600 80 0,490 156 1,306FARAL Trio 600 1,7401"

95 580 500 80 0,440 137 1,298FARAL Trio 500 1,4201"

95 430 350 80 0,450 98 1,282FARAL Trio 350 1,0101"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

FARAL Trio 800

20 57,6 61,4 65,3 69,2 73,2 77,2 81,3 85,4 89,6 93,8

98,1 102 107 111 116 120 125 129 134 139

143 148 153 157 162 167 172 177 182 187

244 249 255 260 266 271 277 282 288 293

299 304 310 316 321 327 333 339 344 350

50 192 197 202 207 212 218 223 228 233 239

FARAL Trio 700

FARAL Trio 600

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

20 47,1 50,2 53,4 56,6 59,8 63,1 66,4 69,8 73,1 76,6

80,0 83,5 87,1 90,7 94,3 97,9 102 105 109 113

117 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152

198 202 207 211 215 220 224 229 233 238

242 247 251 256 260 265 270 274 279 284

50 156 160 164 168 172 177 181 185 189 194

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

20 52,7 56,2 59,7 63,3 66,9 70,6 74,3 78,1 81,9 85,7

89,6 93,6 97,5 102 106 110 114 118 122 126

131 135 139 144 148 152 157 161 166 170

222 227 232 237 242 247 252 257 262 267

272 277 282 287 292 298 303 308 313 319

50 175 180 184 189 194 198 203 208 213 217

FARAL Trio 500

FARAL Trio 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

20 30,2 32,2 34,1 36,1 38,2 40,2 42,3 44,4 46,5 48,6

50,8 53,0 55,2 57,4 59,6 61,9 64,2 66,5 68,8 71,1

73,5 75,8 78,2 80,6 83,0 85,4 87,9 90,3 92,8 95,3

124 126 129 132 134 137 140 142 145 148

151 153 156 159 162 164 167 170 173 176

50 97,8 100 103 105 108 111 113 116 118 121

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

20 41,7 44,5 47,2 50,0 52,9 55,7 58,6 61,6 64,6 67,6

70,6 73,7 76,8 79,9 83,1 86,2 89,5 92,7 96,0 99,2

103 106 109 113 116 119 123 126 130 133

174 177 181 185 189 193 196 200 204 208

212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248

50 137 141 144 148 151 155 159 162 166 170

17

• The maximum operating pressure is 1000 kPa (10 bar)• The above thermal outputs expressed at ∆T = 50 K comply with European regulation EN 442-2



50

35

C

45

A

B

D

18

FARAL Trio HP

19


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Trio HP

Exponentn


95 580 500 80 0,440 137 1,298FARAL Trio HP 500 1,4201"

95 430 350 80 0,450 98 1,282FARAL Trio HP 350 1,0101"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

FARAL Trio HP 500

20 41,7 44,5 47,2 50,0 52,9 55,7 58,6 61,6 64,6 67,6

70,6 73,7 76,8 79,9 83,1 86,2 89,5 92,7 96,0 99,2

103 106 109 113 116 119 123 126 130 133

174 177 181 185 189 193 196 200 204 208

212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248

50 137 141 144 148 151 155 159 162 166 170

FARAL Trio HP 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

30

40

60

70

20 30,2 32,2 34,1 36,1 38,2 40,2 42,3 44,4 46,5 48,6

50,8 53,0 55,2 57,4 59,6 61,9 64,2 66,5 68,8 71,1

73,5 75,8 78,2 80,6 83,0 85,4 87,9 90,3 92,8 95,3

124 126 129 132 134 137 140 142 145 148

151 153 156 159 162 164 167 170 173 176

50 97,8 100 103 105 108 111 113 116 118 121

• The maximum operating pressure is 1600 kPa (16 bar)• The above thermal outputs expressed at ∆T = 50 K comply with European regulation EN 442-2• The testing pressure is 2400 kPa (24 bar)



20

FARAL Tropical 80D

B

45

C

A

35


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Tropical 80

Exponentn


• The maximum operating pressure is 1000 kPa (10 bar)• The thermal outputs expressed a t∆T= 50 K comply with the European regulation EN 442-2



21

22

FARAL Green

45

C

35

A

B

D

23


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Green

Exponentn


80 880 800 80 0,470 164 1,36820FARAL Green 800

80 780 700 80 0,410 148 1,36225FARAL Green 700

80 680 600 80 0,360

2,030

133 1,35051FARAL Green 600

80 580 500 80 0,330

1,860

115 1,34494FARAL Green 500

80 430 350 80 0,260

1,650

87,2 1,31901FARAL Green 350

1,420

1,070

1"

1"

1"

1"

1"

FARAL Green 800 FARAL Green 700

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

46,7

121

210

259

49,9

125

168

215

264

53,2 56,5

129

173

220

269

133

177

224

275

59,9

137

182

229

280

63,4

142

186

234

285

66,9

146

191

239

290

70,4

150

196

244

295

74,0

155

200

249

301

77,6

30 81,3 85,1 88,8 92,7 96,5 100 104 108 112 116

159

205

254

306

50 164

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

42,6

109

190

235

45,5

113

152

194

239

48,5 51,5

117

156

199

244

121

161

203

248

54,6

125

165

208

253

57,7

128

169

212

258

60,9

132

173

216

262

64,1

136

177

221

267

67,3

140

182

225

272

70,6

30 73,9 77,3 80,7 84,2 87,7 91,2 94,8 98,4 102 106

144

186

230

277

50 148

FARAL Green 600 FARAL Green 500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

38,5

98,1

170

209

41,1

101

136

173

213

43,7 46,5

105

140

177

217

108

143

181

221

49,2

112

147

185

225

52,0

115

151

189

229

54,8

118

155

193

233

57,7

122

158

197

238

60,6

125

162

201

242

63,5

30 66,5 69,5 72,6 75,6 78,8 81,9 85,1 88 91,5 94,8

129

166

205

246

50 133

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

33,4

85,0

147

180

35,7

87,8

118

150

184

38,0 40,4

90,7

121

153

187

93,6

124

157

191

42,7

96,6

127

160

194

45,2

99,5

130

163

198

47,6

103

134

167

201

50,1

106

137

170

205

52,6

109

140

173

209

55,1

30 57,7 60,3 62,9 65,6 68,3 71,0 73,7 76,5 79,3 82,1

112

143

177

212

50 115

FARAL Green 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

26,0

65,0

111

136

27,8

67,1

89,5

113

139

29,5 31,3

69,3

91,9

116

141

71,5

94,2

118

144

33,1

73,7

96,5

121

146

35,0

75,9

98,9

123

149

36,8

78,1

101

126

152

38,7

80,4

104

128

154

40,6

82,7

106

131

157

42,5

30 44,5 46,4 48,4 50,4 52,4 54,5 56,6 58,6 60,7 62,9

84,9

109

133

159

50 87,2




FARAL Green HP

45

C

35

A

B

D

24


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Green HP

Exponentn


80 580 500 80 0,330 115 1,345FARAL Green HP 500

80 430 350 80 0,260 87,2 1,319FARAL Green HP 350

1,420

1,070

1"

1"

FARAL Green HP 500 FARAL Green HP 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

33,5

85

147

181

35,8

88

118

150

184

38,1 40,5

91

121

154

188

94

124

157

191

42,9

97

128

160

195

45,3

100

131

164

198

47,7

103

134

167

202

50,2

106

137

170

206

52,7

109

140

174

209

55,3

30 57,9 60,5 63,1 65,8 68,5 71,2 73,9 76,7 79,5 82,3

112

144

177

213

50 115

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

26,0

65,0

111

136

27,8

67,1

90

113

138

29,5 31,3

69,3

92

116

141

71,5

94

118

144

33,1

73,7

97

121

146

35,0

75,9

99

123

149

36,8

78,1

101

126

151

38,7

80,4

104

128

154

40,6

82,6

106

131

157

42,5

30 44,5 46,4 48,4 50,4 52,4 54,5 56,5 58,6 60,7 62,8

84,9

108

133

159

50 87,2

• The maximum operating pressure is 1600 kPa (16 bar)• The above thermal outputs expressed at ∆T = 50 K comply with European regulation EN 442-2• The testing pressure is 2400 kPa (24 bar)



25

26

FARAL Lineal 80D

B

A

35

C

45

27


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Lineal 80

Exponentn


80 880 800 80 0,470 164 1,35192FARAL Lineal 80 800

80 780 700 80 0,420 149 1,35584FARAL Lineal 80 700

80 680 600 80 0,380

2,040

133 1,33232FARAL Lineal 80 600

80 580 500 80 0,320

1,840

118 1,33671FARAL Lineal 80 500

80 430 350 80 0,260

1,640

88,8 1,30293FARAL Lineal 80 350

1,440

1,050

1"

1"

1"

1"

1"

FARAL Lineal 80 800 FARAL Lineal 80 700

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

47,5

121

210

258

50,7

125

168

214

263

54,0 57,3

129

173

219

268

134

177

224

273

60,7

138

182

229

278

64,2

142

186

234

283

67,7

146

191

238

289

71,2

151

196

243

294

74,8

155

200

248

299

78,5

30 82,1 85,9 89,6 93,4 97,3 101 105 109 113 117

159

205

253

304

50 164

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

43,0

110

191

235

45,9

114

153

195

240

48,9 52,0

118

157

199

244

121

161

204

249

55,0

125

165

208

253

58,2

129

169

213

258

61,4

133

174

217

263

64,6

137

178

221

267

67,8

141

182

226

272

71,1

30 74,5 77,9 81,3 84,8 88,3 91,8 95,4 99,0 103 106

145

186

230

277

50 149

FARAL Lineal 80 600 FARAL Lineal 80 500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

39,2

98,8

170

208

41,9

102

137

173

212

44,5 47,3

105

140

177

216

109

144

181

220

50,0

112

147

185

224

52,8

116

151

189

228

55,7

119

155

193

232

58,5

122

158

196

236

61,4

126

162

200

241

64,4

30 67,3 70,3 73,4 76,5 79,6 82,7 85,9 89,0 92,3 95,5

129

166

204

245

50 133

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

34,5

87,2

150

184

36,9

90,2

121

153

188

39,2 41,6

93,1

124

157

191

96,1

127

160

195

44,1

99,1

130

163

199

46,5

102

134

167

202

49,0

105

137

170

206

51,6

108

140

174

209

54,1

111

143

177

213

56,7

30 59,4 62,0 64,7 67,4 70,2 73,0 75,8 78,6 81,4 84,3

114

147

181

217

50 118

FARAL Lineal 80 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

26,9

66,4

113

138

28,7

68,6

91,1

115

140

30,5 32,3

70,8

93,5

118

143

73,0

95,8

120

145

34,1

75,2

98,2

123

148

36,0

77,4

101

125

151

37,9

79,7

103

128

153

39,8

81,9

105

130

156

41,7

84,2

108

133

159

43,7

30 45,7 47,7 49,7 51,7 53,8 55,8 57,9 60,0 62,1 64,3

86,5

110

135

161

50 88,8




28

FARAL Alliance

45

35

C

A

B

D

29


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Alliance

Exponentn


80 880 800 80 0,450 160 1,36471FARAL Alliance 800

80 780 700 80 0,400 145 1,35762FARAL Alliance 700

80 680 600 80 0,350

2,040

130 1,33882FARAL Alliance 600

80 580 500 80 0,300

1,840

112 1,33491FARAL Alliance 500

80 430 350 80 0,210

1,640

84,7 1,31621FARAL Alliance 350

1,440

1,050

1"

1"

1"

1"

1"

FARAL Alliance 800 FARAL Alliance 700

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

45,7

118

205

253

48,9

122

164

210

258

52,1 55,4

126

169

214

263

130

173

219

268

58,7

134

177

224

273

62,0

138

182

228

278

65,4

143

186

233

283

68,9

147

191

238

288

72,4

151

196

243

293

75,9

30 79,5 83,2 86,9 90,6 94,4 98,2 102 106 110 114

155

200

248

298

50 160

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

41,9

107

186

229

44,8

111

149

190

234

47,7 50,6

115

153

195

238

118

157

199

243

53,7

122

161

203

247

56,7

126

165

208

252

59,8

130

170

212

257

63,0

134

174

216

261

66,1

137

178

221

266

69,4

30 72,6 75,9 79,3 82,7 86,1 89,6 93,0 96,6 100 104

141

182

225

270

50 145

FARAL Alliance 600 FARAL Alliance 500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

38,2

96,7

166

205

40,8

100

134

170

209

43,5 46,1

103

137

174

213

107

141

178

216

48,8

110

145

182

220

51,6

113

148

185

224

54,3

117

152

189

228

57,2

120

155

193

232

60,0

123

159

197

237

62,9

30 65,8 68,8 71,8 74,8 77,8 80,9 84,0 87,2 90,3 93,5

127

163

201

241

50 130

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

32,9

83,0

143

175

35,1

85,7

115

146

178

37,4 39,6

88,6

118

149

182

91,4

121

152

185

42,0

94,2

124

155

189

44,3

97,1

127

159

192

46,7

100

130

162

195

49,1

103

133

165

199

51,5

106

136

168

202

54,0

30 56,5 59,0 61,6 64,2 66,8 69,4 72,1 74,8 77,5 80,2

109

139

172

206

50 112

FARAL Alliance 350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

25,4

63,1

108

132

27,0

65,2

86,9

110

134

28,7 30,5

67,3

89,2

112

137

69,5

91,5

115

139

32,2

71,6

93,7

117

142

34,0

73,7

96,0

120

144

35,8

75,9

98,3

122

147

37,6

78,1

101

125

150

39,5

80,3

103

127

152

41,4

30 43,2 45,1 47,1 49,0 51,0 53,0 55,0 57,0 59,0 61,1

82,5

105

129

155

50 84,7




30

FARAL 140

35

C

45

A

B

D

31


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL 140

Exponentn


140 280 200 80 0,300 74,0 1,27368FARAL 200/140 1,1001"

FARAL 200/140

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

23,0

55,7

93,3

114

24,5

57,5

75,9

95,3

116

26,0 27,5

59,3

77,8

97,3

118

61,1

79,7

99,3

120

29,1

62,9

81,6

101

122

30,6

64,7

83,5

103

124

32,2

66,5

85,5

105

126

33,8

68,4

87,4

107

128

35,4

70,2

89,4

109

130

37,0

30 38,6 40,2 41,9 43,6 45,3 47,0 48,7 50,4 52,2 53,9

72,1

91,4

112

132

50 74,0




32

FARAL Longo 80

21

21

A

C B

D

33


WeightKg/section


mmCentres

mmHeight

mmDepthmm

ModelFARAL Longo 80

Exponentn


80 2042 2000 80 0,750 293 1,349FARAL Longo 80 2000

80 1842 1800 80 0,680 271 1,350FARAL Longo 80 1800

80 1642 1600 80 0,620

2,67

248 1,350FARAL Longo 80 1600

80 1442 1400 80 0,550

2,44

224 1,350FARAL Longo 80 1400

80 1242 1200 80 0,490

2,20

200 1,351FARAL Longo 80 1200

1,97

1,74

1"

1"

1"

1"

80 1042 1000 80 0,430 174 1,351FARAL Longo 80 1000 1,501"

1"

FARAL Longo 80 2000 FARAL Longo 80 1800

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

85,1

217

375

461

90,9

224

301

383

470

96,8 103

232

309

392

479

239

317

400

488

109

247

325

409

497

115

254

333

417

506

121

262

341

426

515

128

270

350

435

525

134

277

358

444

534

141

30 147 154 160 167 174 181 188 195 202 210

285

366

452

543

50 293

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

78,6

200

346

426

84,0

207

278

354

435

89,4 94,9

214

285

362

443

221

293

370

451

101

228

300

378

460

106

235

308

386

468

112

242

315

394

476

118

249

323

402

485

124

256

331

410

493

130

30 136 142 148 155 161 167 174 180 187 194

263

338

418

502

50 271

FARALLongo 80 1600 FARAL Longo 80 1400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

71,9

183

317

390

76,8

190

255

324

398

81,8 86,9

196

261

331

405

202

268

339

413

92,0

209

275

346

421

97,2

215

282

353

428

103

221

289

361

436

108

228

296

368

444

113

235

303

375

452

119

30 124 130 136 141 147 153 159 165 171 177

241

310

383

460

50 248

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

65,1

166

287

353

69,5

172

230

293

360

74,0 78,6

177

236

300

367

183

243

306

374

83,2

189

249

313

381

87,9

195

255

320

388

92,7

200

261

326

395

97,6

206

268

333

402

102

212

274

340

409

107

30 113 118 123 128 113 139 144 149 155 160

218

280

346

416

50 224

FARAL Longo 80 1000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

50,4

129

223

274

53,9

133

179

228

279

57,4 60,9

137

183

233

285

142

188

238

290

64,5

146

193

243

296

68,2

151

198

248

301

71,9

155

203

253

306

75,7

160

208

258

312

79,5

165

213

264

317

83,3

30 87,3 91,2 95,2 99,2 103 107 112 116 120 124

169

218

269

323

50 174

FARAL Longo 80 1200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9T∆

20

40

60

70

58,0

148

256

315

61,9

153

205

261

321

65,9 70,0

158

211

267

327

163

216

273

333

74,1

168

222

279

339

78,4

173

227

285

346

82,6

179

233

291

352

86,9

184

239

297

358

91,3

189

244

303

364

95,7

30 100 105 109 114 119 123 128 133 138 143

194

250

309

371

50 200




34

Specific technical information for Longo 80

• In case of connection 140 or 320 (pict. 1), 120 or 340 (pict. 2) no particular installation problems exist.

• In case of connection 240 or 420 (pict. 3), it is necessary to insert the flow diverter present in the packing.

• In case of installation with one-pipe valve it is needed.

NOTICE LONGO 80

• Due to its particular assembling and painting process FARAL Longo 80 radiatorscannot be disassembled, but further elements can be added by the use of nipples.

• In case it is needed to assemble further elements to one radiator, original and suitable Faral nipples and gaskets must be used. The assembling must be carried out also by means of driving torque 100 Nm and thread-locking glue.

• FARAL will not take any responsibility for radiators to which further elements have been assembled or disassembled by a third party.

FARAL Longo 80

Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3

Picture 4

35

There is a distinct and strong tendency towards the reduction in the workingtemperature of the heating emitters that it is being developed in the world ofthe heating equipment.

The decrease of the average working temperature of the heating emittersis positive in terms of both energy saving and thermal comfort in any envi-ronment.

In the past, the radiators used to me measured considering the water flowtemperature of 90°C and the return temperature of 70°C which produces anaverage temperature of 80°C; assuming that the room temperature is 20°C,the ∆T is 60K (Kelvin degrees), which corresponds to the difference betweenthe average temperature of the radiator and the room one of 60°C

Nowadays and in the future, such temperatures can and must be lowered.The regulation EN 442 provides for a ∆T equal to 50K, whereas in somecountries the average working temperature equal to 50°C is gaining groundwhich corresponds a ∆T of 30K.

The low temperature heating systems allow a better hygiene of the warmedrooms. The heating emitter working in the winter season when the rooms areless ventilated than in the summer, affects in a considerable and complicatedway the healthiness of the rooms in which it is installed.

Because of the convection currents the radiator generates, a consequentmovement of all the substances normally suspended in the air is caused inour domestic and working environment.

The main substances are powders, environmental dust, pollen, bacteria,fibres from fabrics and curtains, and dandruff of animal and human origin.When the convective currents move at high speeds these substances aredragged from the surfaces on which they are normally deposited and circu-late in the room, causing phenomena such as irritation of the respiratorytracts and allergies as well as the not to mention the dirty on the wall behindthe radiator.

The best way of limiting the scale of these phenomena is to reduce the aver-age temperature of the radiator. This solution also offers very large advan-tages in terms of stratification of the temperatures, a rise in the general sen-sation of comfort, and a decrease in the carbonisation of suspended organ-ic matter (black "streaks" on the wall behind the radiator).

The ideal method to size heating emitters provides for the following:

• To limit the cold air coming down from the windowpanes and running downon the floor towards the lower extremities of the occupants, the radiatorsmust have the same size of the window;

• In order to limit the heat losses by irradiation towards the outside, as in thecase of windowpanes right behind the heating emitter, an insulating panelbetween the radiator and the windowpane is absolutely recommended;

Working conditions

36

• Particularly low working temperatures must be chosen so that all the heat-ing system components perform at best. This is necessary in order to takeadvantage of the newest and technically advanced heat generators, devel-oped for low temperature and condensation.

Moreover the calculation of seasonal heat requirement, which should be car-ried out by every heating system design engineer, allows to enhance the totalseasonal efficiency of every kind of heating system.

The choice of a bigger heating emitter working at lower temperatures iswidely justified by a lower recovery time, that is much shorter than the aver-age life of heating emitters.

The Heating system total efficiency Every heating system has its own system efficiency. The heating system efficiency isdefined according to the part of energy contained in the fuel which is effectively trans-ferred to the environment to be heated. The remaining part of energy get lost and dis-perse due to inefficiencies of the heating system or its components. The heating systemtotal efficiency is traditionally expressed through the following formula:

ηtot = ηprod · ηdistr · ηemiss · ηreg

legend:

ηtot total heating system efficiencyηprod production efficiencyηdistr distribution efficiencyηemiss emitters’ efficiencyηreg regulation efficiency

Actually all the four efficiencies depend on the heating system working tempera-ture. At this point it is interesting to express the total heating system efficiency witha different formula:

ηtot = f1 (components, typology, capacity…) + f2 (heating system average temperature)

T intake T outlet Thermal output %Temperature

Very high

Medium

Very low

90

56

50

70

55

45

40

60 127%

40

30

25

75%

51%

41%

High 75 65 50 100%

Low 55

∆Τ

37

If we look at the graph expressing the tendency of f2, we clearly notice how impor-tant is to keep the average working temperature of a heating system low. This isachieved by projecting the heating emitters for use at low temperatures.

Average Temperature

1,000

0,900

0,800

0,700

0,600

0,500

0,400

0,300

0,200

0,000

0,100

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85

38

The radiator is the end point of the heating system or the component representingthe interface between the heating system and the environment to be heated. Theradiator is passed through by hot water produced by a boiler and then sent to theheating system by means of a circulating pump that must have the right capacityand the right head.

After calculating the heat losses through walls, assessing the need for ventila-tion and estimating any free heat inputs, the system design engineer must calcu-late the amount of heat which must be supplied in the unit of time in order to main-tain the temperature of a room at the required level.

The size of the radiator will be decided by ensuring that its effective thermal outputis equal to the heat required in the room:

Q = Peff

Legend:

Q heat required in the roomPeff effective thermal output of the radiator

As far as pre-assembled or full radiators are concerned, once the effective thermaloutput has been calculated, the system design engineer can size the heating emit-ter by choosing in a catalogue the radiator model, whose thermal output is moresimilar to the calculated one.

In case of modular radiators, the necessary number of sections to be assembledtogether can be simply found by dividing the heat requirement of the room by theeffective thermal output of the single section.

For this reason, in case of modular radiators, only this simple equation is necessary:

Q : Peff per section = number of sections to be assembled

Sizing the heating emitters

Correct sizing of the radiator Wrong sizing of the radiator

39

Calculation of the effective thermal output of heating emittersOnce the heat requirement of a room is known, the intake and outlet temperatures arefixed. These information determine also the hot water supply to the heating emitter,according to the following equation:

m = Q / ( c · (t1 - t2 ))

legend:

m hot water flow into circulationQ heat requirement of the environmentt1 water intake temperaturet2 water outlet temperaturec maximum thermal capacity of water

The effective thermal output of the heating emitter depends on t1 and t2.

The calculation is to be carried out as follows:

Legend:

t1 water intake temperaturet2 water outlet temperaturetm water average temperature inside the radiatorta room temperature

Equation:

tm = ( t1 + t2 ) / 2

And

∆Teff = tm - ta

Two-pipe system

40

In case of radiators connected by a single pipe system each radiator works at a dif-ferent average temperature and, as a consequence, at a different ∆Teff.

Single pipe system

If the ∆T is different from the nominal one it is necessary to consult the conversioncharts or to calculate the effective output with the following equation:

Peff = PEN 442 · (∆Teff / 50)n

Legend:

n characteristic exponent of heating emitters, experimentally calculated during certification tests for thermal output.

Peff effective thermal outputPEN 442 nominal thermal output according to EN442

The EN 442-2 standard gives the same equation with a different formula:

Peff = KM · (∆Teff)n

In this formula the characteristic coefficient of heating emitters KM is used.

In addition to the nominal thermal output and the exponent, the tests’ results issuedby the official laboratories contain also this value.

Anyway the value KM can always be calculated starting from the data normallygiven on catalogues:

KM = PEN 442 / (50)n

41

Here below a brief outline of the operations required for the proper installation of aFARAL radiator is provided.

• The use of original accessories (brackets, nipples, plugs, adapters, gaskets) is recommended

• Never use hemp or similar products since the original gaskets are absolutely watertight

• Original plugs and adapters are specially designed to be used in combination with the special gaskets supplied.

• It is recommended to screw nipples, caps and reductions with the prescribed maximum torque values:

• 100 Nm for nipples equipped with flat gaskets;• 30 ÷ 40 Nm for caps or reductions equipped with silicon O-ring gaskets

The water flow rate of the radiator must comply with the nominal one, witha ± 50% tolerance.The radiators must be positioned in the right way - by means of the spe-cially designed brackets - before the room receive the final plastering(only the wall behind the radiator must have been already plastered) andbefore the connections to the hot water distribution network are defini-tively fixed.The thermal output of the boiler must be proportioned to the thermal outputof the installed radiators.By choosing the boiler or regulating the heat output it must be consideredthat the supplied thermal output cannot exceed the radiators’ output morethan 25%. If aluminium radiators are installed, then a bracket or a floor mount supportevery 50 cm of radiator is recommended. Once the connections of the valve and outlet tap (or single pipe valve) havebeen fixed and tightened, the pipes can be built into or fixed to the wall. Itis necessary to check the circuit to ensure it is watertight before plasteringthe pipes.To this purpose the circuit must be filled with cold water at the maximumrated pressure. During this check, the radiator must be cut off from the sys-tem by closing its valve and outlet tap so that it is protected against dam-ages, scratches and dirt.After the watertight test of the distribution network, the radiator itself mustbe tested at its maximum working pressure. If the radiator is installed as part of a renovation project, the existing radia-tor and its brackets must be removed.After the new radiator has been installed on its own brackets, the connec-tions can be repositioned to suit the size of the new unit. It is very impor-tant to mount the wall brackets exactly between two elements: the use ofadjustable wall brackets is recommended, since they allow the recovery of

Installation procedures

42

any small positioning error, saving a great deal of time during installationand maintenance.The radiator can be uninstalled again in order to finish the building worksand to flush and clean the circuit.The radiator can be put back into its position and reconnected to the hotwater distribution network only after all the building works are finished.

Washing and cleaning up the heating systemWhen installation is complete, whether in a new system or in replacing oldradiators, the system must be washed thoroughly before it is started. The pipes contain all the residues of welding, thread cutting and tapping. Itis important to remove this dirt from the system, if possible before con-necting the heating emitters and the boiler to the distribution network.To this purpose the system must be emptied after the watertight test andthe distribution network should be washed.By single pipe system it is simply necessary to shut the valve and make thenetwork water run through the pipes; by two-pipe system it is necessary toremove the radiator, connect the valve to the water outlet by means of atemporary pipe and then make water run. It is possible to carry out a simplified washing of the system – with radia-tors and heat generator already installed - by filling the system, running thecirculating pump and then emptying the system again.To simplify this operation it is necessary to provide a drain tap of adequatediameter at the lowest point of the system, that can be removed once thesystem is washed.When each of the operations described above has been carried out at leasttwice, most of the dirt will have been removed from the system. If the radiators are installed in a system which has been working since a lotof years and needs a more drastic washing, it is necessary to clean up thedistribution network with a specific product before installing the radiators.

Venting the heating systemBefore the system is started the present air must be vented from it. Thequantity of air present in the system depends on various factors, above allthe speed at which the system is filled, the height of the water inlet and thenatural gas content of the water used. The first time a heating system is filled with water, it is commonly recom-mended to operate from a low point, as slowly as possible, venting air con-stantly from the highest points of the system.Once the system is brought to the normal working pressure with cold water,the circulating pump and the heat generator must be started until the max-imum temperature is reached.After this, the pump must be stopped and, after some minutes, air must bevented again from the highest points of the system. The above described operation is much simpler if automatic vent valves

43

with floats are used, as they immediately remove all the gases accumulatedin the high points.Obviously, after venting operations, the system must be brought back to itsnormal working pressure by opening the feeder tap slowly.

Installation and output efficiencyThe radiator transfers a quantity of heat equal to its nominal heat output tothe room within the unit of time provided that:• It is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;• It is fed with hot water at its nominal flow rate;• The intake and outlet water temperatures comply with the reference standard.

Positioning the heating emitterThe radiator generates convective currents which travel up along the wallwhere it is installed in. If not adequately controlled, these currents make theroom temperature uneven.The fact is, hot air tends to rise towards the ceiling, while colder air tendsto stratify in the areas closer to the floor where people normally spend theirtime. To avoid this unpleasant phenomena, the heating emitters must becorrectly positioned. Radiators must be installed close to sources of cold air: on the outside wall,under windows or beside French windows.In this way, any cold air seeped in through poor seals, or simply cooled bycontact with a windowpane will immediately be mixed with the air heated bythe radiator.In practice, the cold air current generated by the window and the hot aircurrent generated by the radiator meet in the zone between the radiator andthe window.This leads to a reduction in the speed of the two currents, thus cancellingtheir negative effects and forming a single flow of moderately warm airwhich spreads evenly through the room.Moreover, installation on an outside wall also increases the average radiat-ing temperature of this wall, thus creating a greater comfort with the sameair temperature, without increasing energy consumption. Last but not least,condensate does not form on the window. For top performances, the radiators must be installed respecting the rec-ommended clearances, which are valid for any type of heating emitter:

• The distance between the floor and the bottom part of the radiator must not be under 10 cm;

• The distance between the back part of the radiator and the wall against which it is positioned must be above 2 cm.

• If there is an overhang above or beside the radiator (edge of a recess, shelves…) a clearance not under 10 cm must be left even if this is not envisaged by the European standards.

44

The clearances mentioned above must be respected also if radiator covers areinstalled, so that an adequate air circulation is allowed and convective movementsare less obstructed.

In order to respect the recommended clearances, also the final floor height must beknown.

12

50 for depht 95 mm

40 for depht 80 mmmin 100 mm

45

min 20 mm min 100 mm

35

min 100 mm

min 100 mm

45 for depht 95 mm

40 for depht 80 mm

45

In case of radiators composed by a number of elements, the position of the connec-tions to the heating system distribution network may influence the effective radiatoroutput. The nominal heat output tests are carried out on radiators connected withwater intake at the top and water outlet at the bottom, both on the same side of theradiator. This layout is not always adopted in ordinary heating systems and the fol-lowing connections may be preferred:

1) intake at the top and outlet at the bottom on the same side (TBSE);2) intake at the top and outlet at the bottom on the same side (TBOE);3) intake and outlet at the bottom (BOE);4) intake and outlet at the bottom on only one side of the radiator, with coaxi

al flow valve

Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages, which can besummarized as follows:

1) This type of connection is the one used for the thermal output test according tothe EN 442-2 standard. This solution makes it possible to increase the number ofelements for each radiator, even on second thought, after the first installation. If theradiator is particularly long, the loss in efficiency remains quite negligible (max. 1-2%). Moreover this type of connection, as for typology 2, the distance of the ther-mostatic valve from the floor is equal to the sum of the height of the radiator and

Connectionstothedistributionnetwork

Loss of output = 0%

Loss of output = 2-12% Loss of output = 2-12%

Loss of output = 0%

46

its floor clearance. For example, a radiator with centres 600 installed at10/12 cm above the floor will have its eventual thermostatic valve at about80 cm above the floor, thus measuring accurately the air temperature at thelevel where people normally stay (the standard EN 442 requires the temper-ature to be measured at 0,75 cm above the floor).

2) This type of connection is the one used for the thermal output test accord-ing to the fomer national standard. It is recommended in case of particular-ly long radiators. The loss of output is negligible compared to typology 1.

3) This type of connection is often used when the distribution network runsunder the floor. Its main advantage is of aesthetic type while, like typology2, it has no particular disadvantages from the technical point of view pro-vided that it is not used for radiators having a number of elements assem-bled in vertical (the estimated loss of output is between 2-4% for short radi-ators, but rises up to 10-12% for very tall ones, without specific flow divert-er). The only drawback is that if a thermostatic valve is used, , unless it isequipped with a remote sensor, this will be 15 cm above the floor and so themeasured temperature will not indicate the real level of comfort of theroom’s occupants.

4) The coaxial flow valve has begun to spread with the rise in popularity ofsingle pipe systems, but coaxial flow valves for two-pipe systems are avail-able on the market nowadays. These valves are easy to install and have anice visual impact but combine the disadvantage of their position with therisk that the water doesn’t circulate through the radiator properly, particular-ly when the inner pipe is not long enough. In addition, seeing that sometimesone sole regulator device is present and acts on both intake and outlet flow-rate, the shutting of the valve can make it happen that the radiator is com-pletely cut off from the rest of the system and is consequently not protectedagainst overpressures. A part from the reduction in heat output (difficult tobe estimated but, in any case, at low percentage), we remind that the size ofa heating emitter installed in a single pipe system must be calculated usingthe specific method, which considers the difference in effective temperaturebetween the radiator and the room.

Thermal insulation of the back wallIf possible radiators must be installed under windows or beside French win-dows. In addition to increased comfort in the room, this also gives advan-tages in terms of interior design, since the radiator is positioned on a part ofthe wall which would be in any case of little use for furnishings. The use of aluminium alloy radiators and heating emitters with minimumdepth but same heat output allows installation under the window withoutimpediments.

47

In order to minimize the heat losses it is necessary to reduce the heat thatgets lost towards the back wall. These losses depend on the chosen waterintake temperature. When the radiator is fed with water at high temperaturethe heat that gets lost towards the back wall by irradiation and convectionbecomes significant. If preventive measures are not taken, up to 10% of theheat output may get lost to the outdoors. Back walls with high thermal insulation; heat reflecting surfaces (paddingwith aluminium foil surface) and the use of window sills and shelves withinsulating gaps allow the recovery of a large proportion of this otherwise lost10% heat output.

Correct execution of the wall behind the radiator

48

The delivery of Faral radiators and of their accessories takes place according to the gen-eral selling and guarantee conditions listed below. Any change in the general selling con-ditions is subjected to the written acceptance from Faral S.p.A. The general selling, deliv-ery and guarantee conditions are subjected to the Italian Law.Descriptions and indications in our catalogues and price lists are not binding: that is,prices and characteristics may be modified without notice. Regarding performances,dimensions and technical characteristics, Customers are invited to make sure that theyare looking over the valid and current documentation.

OrdersThe delivery of Radiators and of their accessories will be made according to our orderconfirmation. Our Customers are therefore kindly requested to check it always.Changes in ordersAny change in an order must be communicated in writing to Faral S.p.A. within twodays from the transmission of the order itself. Any change in an order could cause adelay in delivery.Cancellation of ordersCancellation of an order is subjected to the written agreement with Faral S.p.A. Incidentalcosts resulting from the cancellation will be at the Customer’s charge.DeliveryThe delivery of goods is at the receiver’s risk. He must verify in the presence of the haulerthat the package is intact, that there is no damage, missing material or substitutions inthe right moment when goods come to destination.Any damage or non-correspondence between transport documents and received mate-rial must be immediately notified to the hauler by signing with reservation the transportpapers. The receiver must then confirm this reservation by means of a registered letterwithin three days from the receipt of the goods. Non-fulfilment of this clause frees theforwarding company from their responsibilities. The delivery can be insured against therisks of transport, if requested and at the Customer’s charge. The delivery conditions areruled according to the INCOTERMS 2000. ComplaintsComplaints about the goods or apparent defects are taken into consideration only if theyare notified in writing to Faral S.p.A. within three days from goods receipt or the manifes-tation of the defect. It must be clear that such goods were not altered from a third party.PackageThe kind of package will be the one that Faral S.p.A. considers the most suitable. It isincluded in the price of radiators and accessories and will not be taken back.Delivery timeThe delivery time is stated on our order confirmation. It coincides with the shipment day.Faral S.p.A engages to respect the delivery time, but cannot give absolute guarantees.Demands of indemnity for non-observance of delivery time will not be accepted. In caseof force majeure (strikes, disturbances,...), Faral S.p.A will choose the solution to beadopted.Returns of goodsWe will not accept any returns of goods without our consent.

Selling conditions and Guarantee

49

Drawings, dimensions and weightsDrawings, dimensions and weights are indicative and Faral S.p.A. retains the right tomodify them without notice. In any case, dimensions are subjected to the normal pro-duction tolerances, as established in the UNI EN 442-1 standard. The colour RAL 9010,as well as the other colours delivered on request, are subjected to the tolerances of thecolorimetric co-ordinates.GuaranteeThe terms of guarantee on Faral products are:Die-cast aluminium radiators: 10 years guarantee;original accessories: 2 years guarantee.

The guarantee will be applied according to the European standard 1999/44/CE until theend of the second year. From the end of the second year on, the guarantee is limited tothe sole replacement of the defective elements; the guarantee is provided only if theinstructions for use reported below are adhered to. The customer has to demonstrate thedate of purchase or installation.

FARAL radiators are heating emitters to be used exclusively in hot water heating systemswith a maximum temperature of 110°C and a maximum working pressure as follows:

Obvious limitations of use must be observed, such as protection from ice, installation onsuitable brackets or floor mount supports, prohibition of using the radiator as a shelf, aseat, a staircase, etc… and normal precautions of domestic living in order to avoid harmto people caused by impact against the radiator and similar occurrences. Regarding the heating system to which the radiator is connected it is necessary toprovide:

• A correct earthing of the system and of its components including electric parts, in order to avoid electrocutions by touching the exposed parts of the system including the radiators;

• A correct system temperature in order to avoid burns by touching the surface ofradiators, especially in rooms for children, elderly people and handicapped people;

• A correct setting and regulation of the working temperature;

6 bar 600 kPa

Working Pressure

10 bar 1000 kPaModel

16 bar 1600 kPa

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

FARAL Tropical

FARAL Etal

FARAL Trio HP

FARAL Esse

FARAL Trio

FARAL Tropical 80

FARAL Green HP

FARAL Alliance

FARAL Green

FARAL Lineal 80

FARAL 140

FARAL Longo 80 X

50

• A water flow rate not above 200% and not under 25% in comparison to the nominal capacity;

• A thermal output supplied by the boiler not above 25% in comparison to the thermal output of the radiator.

The rules regulating the treatment of system water being in force in the country whereradiators are installed (the specific ones referring to the material of the radiator) must beadhered to. The use of products for treating the system water not specifically prescribedby Faral as well as of anti-freeze products is on full responsibility of the installer and ofthe supplier of these products. For top performances, the normal connection conditions and the following clearancesmust be respected:

• Distance from the wall: ≥ 2 cm• Distance from the floor: ≥ 10 cm• Distance from a possible shelf: ≥ 10 cm

The installation under shelves, in a niche or behind a radiator casing leads to a reductionof thermal output which is proportional to the kind of obstacle deviating the convectivemovements of air or blocking the emission of radiant heat. For periodic external cleaning of the radiator, no aggressive chemical products or abra-sive material must be used, since a soft water-moistened cloth is sufficient. FARAL does-n’t give guarantees on non-original accessories (plugs, nipples, adapters, gaskets): donot use hemp or similar products since the original gaskets are absolutely watertight.The prescribed driving torques for accessories are the following:

• 100 Nm for nipples equipped with flat gaskets;• 30 ÷ 40 Nm for caps or reductions equipped with silicon O-ring gaskets.

Faral will not taken upon itself the responsibility for radiators assembled or disassembledby a third party; this is valid also for the mounting of plugs and adapters.Any risk caused by leaving parts of the package in places accessible to children whocould swallow or be chocked by the packaging material must be avoided. ResponsibilityThe responsibility of Faral S.p.A. is excluded unless it is caused by intention or seriousnegligence. For what is not explicitly cited, the national enforceable and current stan-dards and laws are valid. The customer must in any case try to limit the proportion and the costs of any damagecaused by defective products, for what is within his power. Specifically, regarding the responsibility for damages caused by defective products, theEEC 85/374 Guideline dated 24 July 1985 is applied, which became an Italian lawthrough the D.P.R. No. 224 dated 24 May 1988. Competent court of JusticeThe competent court of Justice and execution place is in any case MODENA. FARALS.p.A. reserves to itself the right to designate a different court.

Total or partial reproduction is forbidden.

Concept: [email protected]: Cristian Testa

Image processing: Hi ResPrinting: Grafiche Bierre

Faral S.p.a.Via Ponte Alto, 4041011 Campogalliano (MO) Italywww.faral.com

Tel. +39.059.8890711Fax +39.059.527236 [email protected]

Member of Zehnder Group

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