Cataloging and Searching by Standards in DLESE
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Transcript of Cataloging and Searching by Standards in DLESE
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Cataloging and Searching by Standards in DLESEMetadata Workshop
9-10 March 2004
Holly Devaul
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Community request for “search-by-standards” functionality
• Materials must be reviewed and standards assigned at cataloging
• Resources are cataloged by a wide range of community members
• Need best practice guidelines for assigning standards appropriate for community cataloging
• Understandable search interface• Context for the user
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What does it mean?
• Needed to clarify in order to support• consistent cataloging• informed searches in discovery
• What terminology best describes the intended association? (aligns with, correlates to etc)
• At what granularity should we be cataloging the NSES standards?
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What are others doing?• Ohio Resource Center http://www.ohiorc.org
Resources correlated with and browsable by National and Ohio State standards. Content specialists and review board staff select resources and assign standards.
• The Learning Matrix http://thelearningmatrix.enc.org Resources are selected and reviewed by staff; collection
policy gives high priority for resources aligned with national standards. No search by standards offered.
• McREL http://www.mcrel.org Offers in-house resources developed by McREL staff in direct
connection with the McREL Standards Database, as well as external resources linked to standards from the Database. No search by standards offered.
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User-centered design: What do users want?
Focus groups to
• Ascertain user expectations of and needs for a search-by-standards functionality
• Use that feedback to craft appropriate best practices for cataloging
• Explore ways to articulate the association of a standard to a resource once implemented
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Search-by-Standards – the data
• Currently• National Science Education Standards (NSES)
content standards – ability level• National Geography Standards – flat list
• Proposed/possible• Additional NSES
• More detailed content stds• Teaching standards
• State standards• AAAS Benchmarks• NCTM Math• Technology
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NSES structure
•Grade level• Lettered content standard
•Ability•Concepts and objectives
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User focus groups
• Thirty three participants, 4 groups• DWEL K-12 and Informal
educators• Local middle school
teachers, district coordinator, university geology/education professor
• Pre-service teachers
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User focus groups
• Looked at 3 resources in DLESE with standards data, reflecting a variety of resource types and origin of standard associations (creator or cataloger)
• Discussed specifics of the example resources as well as general expectations of a library search-by-standards functionality
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Results
• New teachers, curriculum developers and district supervisors were suggested as primary users of this functionality
• Experienced teachers will review the stds information, but are not likely to search by standards
• State and local standards are more useful than national standards (at the ability level)
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Results (2)
• Experienced teachers rely on their own judgements re: resource and standard associations. They were less concerned about the origin and process of associating them.
• Pre-service teachers expressed more concern and interest in how the association was made.
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Results (3)
• From a cataloging *and* searching perspective, participants preferred a looser association when using the current granularity of data• “supports the student learning of ….”
• Include text-based, background material
• Exclude datasets and software without accompanying learning materials
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Search interface
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User context information
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What granularity is appropriate?
• NSES concepts and objectives are more easily mentally mapped to state stds by users
• AAAS has mapping to concepts and obj. – Strand map service
• More detail makes associating resource content easier intellectually but more time consuming to catalog
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Search interface issues
• Complex and text-dense data difficult to present to user for searching
• One option:• Catalog at more detailed level• Continue search at ability level• Display the more detailed level• Allows mapping to AAAS benchmarks,
maybe state stds• However, manual retrofit not trivial
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State standard mapping
• Create mapping of all states to baseline vocab of more specific NSES to enable search by state standards without cataloging each state separately
• Two approaches• Auto-association of stds to stds, stds to
resource content (Liz Liddy @ Syracuse) as first cut at selecting standards
• Manual keyword indexing of state to national standards (Ted Sicker @ WGBH teachersdomain.org)