CatalinaCabrera,’Un.’CaliforniaDavis’ August17,’2015’ · 2020. 9. 9. ·...
Transcript of CatalinaCabrera,’Un.’CaliforniaDavis’ August17,’2015’ · 2020. 9. 9. ·...
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Catalina Cabrera, Un. California-‐Davis August 17, 2015
2015 ARSBC, UC-‐Davis 1
Catalina Cabrera, DVM, MPVM
Timeline to pre-‐breeding
1. GeneDc SelecDon
2. Fetal programing 3. Heifer development
4. Heifer selecDon
How many heifers?
extension.missouri.edu
Cow herd culling rate
Calf cropped weaned
% Heifers calves needed for replacement
100% pregnant 90% pregnant 15 percent 90 percent 33 37
15 percent 85 percent 35 39
15 percent 80 percent 37 41
15 percent 75 percent 40 44
20 percent 90 percent 44 49
20 percent 85 percent 47 52
20 percent 80 percent 50 55
20 percent 75 percent 53 59
25 percent 90 percent 56 61
25 percent 85 percent 59 65
25 percent 80 percent 63 69
25 percent 75 percent 67 73
Heifer SelecDon Weaning • Keep 10% more of what you need • Phenotype:
Feminine looking, smooth, well balance Pigmented eyes & udder
• Records: From cows with good udders
From oldest cows
Heifer SelecDon Weaning • SELL:
– Daughters of bad cows – Light wean weights, big birth weights & 6 frame
– Youngest (born +45 d. calving ) – Those that have received growth promoDng implants
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Catalina Cabrera, Un. California-‐Davis August 17, 2015
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Heifer SelecDon Pre-‐breeding • Check target weight (50-‐65% of mature body weight)
• Body CondiDon Score (5,6/9) • Good temperament • SelecDon tools: RTS, Ovarian Ultrasound, pelvic measurement
Heifer SelecDon Pre-‐breeding
ReproducDve Tract Scoring
Score Uterine Horns Ovaries
1 Immature, 10mm follicles ; possible CL
5 30mm diameter, no tone A CL present
Heifer SelecDon Pre-‐breeding
RTS
GuDerrez et all, Theriogenology, 2014
Heifer SelecDon Pre-‐breeding
Pelvic measurement
Heifer SelecDon Pre-‐breeding Pre-‐breeding ultrasound: -‐Antral follicle count is greater in heifers that get pregnant in the first 21 days
Cushman et all, 2014
• 2 weeks before cows • SynchronizaDon and arDficial inseminaDon
• Sire selecDon • Short breeding season
• Preg check and sell
Heifer breeding strategies.
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Catalina Cabrera, Un. California-‐Davis August 17, 2015
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Timeline to pre-‐breeding
Calving Preg check
Breeding
OPEN cows…
• Eat for FREE ! • Can transmit ferDlity
problems !
v IdenDfying reproducDve problems
v Maximizing the value of cull cows
v Beker ferDlity in future years
Preg Check OpDons
• PalpaDon • Ultrasound
• Blood tests
Condi;on score at calving 4 5 6 7
Number of cows 25 59 80 23
% pregnant 1st 20 days1 4 15 36 65
% pregnant 1st 60 days 24 51 69 87
1Days of breeding season, not post-‐partum.
Reasons for culling cows Reason Cows (%) Pregnancy status 33.0 Age/bad teeth 32.1 Economics 14.6 Other reproductive 3.9 Bad calves 3.6 Temperament 3.6 Physical soundness 2.9 Udder problem 2.7 Bad eyes 1.8 Respiratory 1.8 Other 1.8
From: NAHMS Beef ‘08
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Catalina Cabrera, Un. California-‐Davis August 17, 2015
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The Ideal Cow
v High ferDlity v Early puberty v Longevity v Low maintenance v Calving ease v ProducDon and raising of healthy calves v Cows must maintain their BCS v Must not be crazy
Herd health
Herd health • PrevenDon
– QuaranDne/tesDng new animals – VaccinaDon programs – Biosecurity plan
• DiagnosDcs • Treatment • Monitoring
1. Presence of the parDcular diseases in the herd
2. Medical and economic consequences of infecDon
3. Adverse side effects associated with vaccinaDon
4. Vaccine efficacy
5. Vaccine cost
Factors to consider when deciding on a vaccinaDon program
• The disease agent is killed and cannot replicate in the host animal – Killed virus – Killed bacteria (bacterin)
• Requires an adjuvant to produce a strong immune response • Advantage: Will not become virulent and cause disease
– Already prepared (stable storage) • Disadvantage: Adjuvant may cause adverse effects
– Shorter-‐lived immunity
InacDvated/Killed Vaccines
The organism is akenuated, replicates and creates an immune response in the host animal • Advantages: Fewer adverse reacDons when used properly
– Longer-‐lived immunity than killed vaccines
• Disadvantages: – Requires proper storage and mixing at the Dme of use – DO NOT GIVE TO PREGNANT ANIMALS – Unless they were properly vaccinated with that vaccine pre-‐breeding
Modified Live/Akenuated Vaccines
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Catalina Cabrera, Un. California-‐Davis August 17, 2015
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Brucella Recommended between 4-‐12 month (females) IBR Recommended Annual (killed or intranasal) BVD Recommended Annual PI3 Recommended Annual BRSV Recommended Annual Leptospirosis (5-‐Way) Recommended Annual (every 3 to 6 m in some areas) Vibriosis Recommended Annual (30 to 60 days before breeding) Trichomoniosis OpDonal Annual (30 to 60 days before breeding) Pink eye OpDonal As needed Blackleg 7 way OpDonal Annual Anthrax OpDonal As directed
VaccinaDon • Calves • Pre-‐Weaning • Pre-‐Breeding • Pre-‐Calving
QuesDons