castesystems.pptx

8/14/2019 castesystems.pptx

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Social Stratification


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Social stratification

Social stratification is a horizontal division of

society into higher and lower social units.

It is a division of society into permanent and

temporary groups or categories. The groups

are interlinked with each other by the

relationship of superiority and subordination.


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Factors of Social Stratification

Difference in Human Being: Individuals will

differ with each other based on biological

factors and socio-cultural factors. Hence the

individual is placed into various groups to

discharge their obligations towards their

society in a proper manner.


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Biological group

1. Sex: In matriarchal society, the women areconsidered superior and have control over thepolitical and social institutions. She will be the

decision maker in the family. Where as inpatriarchal society, men hold dominationsuperiority and power.

2. Age: The Society is divided into children,

adolescents, youth, middle age, and old age. Inthese societies others respect old aged people.


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Socio-Cultural Basis: Based on factors such as:

Economy: Higher class, Middle class, and

Lower class

Religion: Hindu, Muslim, Christan.

Caste: Forward, Backward.

Occupation: Professional, Administrator, and

Class IV group Need for different functions: Teachers,

Doctors, engineers and Cook


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Caste System:

Three basic pillars of Indian social system arejoint family, caste and village system. As aform of social stratification and inseparable

aspect is peculiar to Indian society whereunity among, diversity is found. Caste word isderived from Spanish word, Casta meanslineage or race complex and strain and Latin

word castus means pure. The Portugueseused caste word to denote the Indianinstitution


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The factors influencing caste system in India are:

The geographic isolation of the Indian peninsula for along time; influence of Hindu religion, they believecaste system is looked up on as a divinely ordainedinstitution, karma siddhantha, fatalism, beliefs in

reincarnation; existence of many races in the country;rural social structure, no uniform laws and standardsexisting in the systems, illiteracy or lack of education,hereditary occupations, ideas of exclusive family,ancestor worship, beliefs related to sacrament, clash of

races, prejudice, conquest, etc. contributed to thegrowth of caste system in India society has castes suchas forward caste. Eg: Brahmin, vysya, backward castelike scheduled caste and scheduled tribes (delits)


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Definition

A Caste is an aggregation of persons, whose

obligation and privileges is fixed by birth,

sanctioned and supported by religion.


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Characteristics:

Determination of membership is by birth

Each caste should possess certain rules andregulations

Definite occupation Endogamous group

Rules concerning status should posses thesuperiority and inferiority status.

Caste is a segmental division of society: Castesare groups with a well defined boundary of theirown


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Merits of caste system ( Conditions

favouring caste systems)

Geographical,

Static Society,

Rural societal structure,

Aggregation of people,

Influence of religion, Difference of races,

Lack of education,

Formation of trade unions,

Spirit of coopration,

Economic pursuits,

Racial purity,

Intellectual make-up,

Integration of the country,

Cultural diffusion,

Separation of social life from political life


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Demerits (Unfavourable factors)

Modern education, Urbanisation,

Modernisation,

Industrialisation,

Wealth consciousness,

Movements of social emancipation (Mixing),

Means of communication,

Political agitation,

Appearance of new social classes,

Denies mobility,

Retarded solidarity,

Wrong men in occupation,

Obstacle to national unity and social progress,

Undemocratic.


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Features of modern caste system and its trends

Caste is recognized by social and secular meaningthan a religious interpretation

Restriction on food habits and occupation choicewas relaxed

Inter-caste marriage are legally permitted

Constitutional provision were revised toovercome the handicappedness of low castepeople Eg: Reservation facility in education,employment etc.

Caste continuous to ascribe social status


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Features of modern caste system and its trends

Caste panchayat become disappeared or weakened

Social interaction and social relationships has beenestablishing in the society without seeking the castebackground.

Ritual status on caste system was changed

Caste has lost its hold over social usages and customspracticed by its members

It is not dictating individuals progress Industrialization, urbanization, westernization

education, etc. changed the role of caste systems.


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Causes for the changes in caste system:

Uniform legal system: for Removing untouchability, Indian law

made provision in articles 15,16,164,225,330,332,334,335,338 toenable them to come up to the level of upper caste.

Impact of modern education: Educational facilities has extended toall castes, relaxation in admission rules made for the provision ofmore education facilities for lower Social groups.

Industrialisation, urbanisation, westernization technologicaladvancement, improved transport and communication system, etc.made weakened the caste system, different categories of peoplehave started to work together, stay together in all areas likefactories, offices, workshops, etc. migration transport system.

Democracy and social legislations, reforms movements uniformity

among the individual Threat of conversion to other religions made relax in caste rigidities.

Improvement in the status of women, evolution of new socialclasses, division of labour relaxed the rules of caste system.

Diff b t Cl & C t


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Difference between Class & Caste

Class Caste

Membership is based upon objective facts. Eg:

Status, standard of life

Open stratification a person can change his class,

dynamic class consciousness

Does not hinder democracy

Individual will have greater freedom less social

distance

Endogamous group

Flexible restriction

No ethnocentric feelingExternal similarity is maintained Eg: Dress,

language, customs

Internal similarity is maintained Eg: Thinking, ideas

Elastic nature, Easy social prestige Stratification is

not so strict ( Flexible social phenomenon is

observed)

No restriction on food, drinking, interaction

Achieved status

Temporary associations are flexible, based on

need, membership is attained

Membership is based upon birth (subjective

phenomenon)

Closed stratification, stable, unchangeable

Subjective consciousness

Hinders democracy

Rigid with more restriction

Greater social distance

Endogamous group

Rigid restriction

Ethnocentric feelingNo external similarities

No internal similarities

Close, rigid stability

Divine origin

Fixed order of social prestige

Clear, definite stratification

Restrictions on eating, drinking and mixing

with others

Ascribed status

Duration relationships.


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castesystems.pptx

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