Casey Pasternak Period: 4. Columbian Exchange: transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases...
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Transcript of Casey Pasternak Period: 4. Columbian Exchange: transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases...
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Columbian Exchange: transfer of people,
animals, plants, and diseases between New & Old Worlds.
Livestock/ agriculture to New World Crops to Old World
SPREAD OF DISEASE New World people lacked immunity to
diseases SMALLPOX Killed 50% or more….. 75% of Mayan
population disappears Yellow Fever kills Europeans Helped Europeans build empire and kept
Natives from fighting back
LIFE IN THE NEW WORLD Livestock population
grew rapidly: not many predators, a lot of space!
The horse---increased hunter efficiency, military capacity, easier to hunt, and changed cultures.
Created like their homelands Classes Aztec and Inca elites fought to keep their
own traditions Amerindian culture stayed under cover of
Christianity; influenced future Latin American culture
Brought slaves with African cultureCouncil of the Indies: supervised government and commercial activity in Spanish colonies.
limited by geography and power Eventually rule went to locals
RELIGIOUS CONVERSION Catholic Church: main transmission to
Christianity Wanted elites first Secretly kept old ways Resulted in torture, execution, and
forced conversion Ended up redirecting to cities Church controlled everything; very rich!
BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS
Priest Advocate for natives New Laws of 1542:
outlawed enslavement of natives & limited forced labor
ECONOMIES Peru and Mexico– silver mines Brazil– sugar plantations Encomienda- forced labor 1/7 of adult males work six months
every year in mines, farms, or textile factories.
Women and children also joined African slave imports increased Illegal trading
SOCIETY Slave resistance African and
European cultures blended
Black population grew rapidly
Mixed descent groups
Called “castas”
ENGLISH & FRENCH COLONIES
Came almost a century after Spain and Portugal
British had more European immigrants than other colonies
Virginia Company from London: funded colonizing Virginia.
Took awhile to get successful colony
Indentured slaves: 80% of all English immigrants
Could get trip in return for years of labor
Slave population skyrocket: 950 to 120,000
House of Burgesses: governor, council, and representative meetings.
Democratic
THE SOUTH Big on fur trade Weakened by conflicts and epidemics Amerindians attacked in 1700’s African slaves and culture strong in
South Carolina S. Carolina most hierarchial
NEW ENGLAND REGION
Welcome Pilgrims! Wanted to break
from Church of England
The Puritans– wanted to “purify”
No cash crops. Used fur, timber, and fish for trade
MID-ATLANTIC Trading relationships with Iroquois
Confederacy– alliance with natives Successful economy: thank you New York
City Pennsylvania- founded by William Penn Exported a lot of grain
FRENCH New France
colony in Quebec Enemies with
Iroquois Confederacy
Competition among natives—firearms
Increased warfare all through New World
*treated Natives as allies and trading powers—unlike other societies!
Expanded West & South
FRENCH & INDIAN WAR France vs. England
Over population growth &
increasing prosperity
“Seven Years War” France surrender.
Gave Canada to English and
Louisiana to Spain
EXPANSION Long period of
economic & demographic expansion
Powers responded by strengthening control in colonies
Wars in Americas and along trade routes
Intercolonial trade increases
Mining!
CONFLICTS Increased taxes Rebellions and riots Tupac Amaru II- leader of rebellion in
1780 Happened in Brazil with Portugese also Wealth from gold and diamonds paid for
2 million African slaves imported