CASESCASES – an organizational system for nouns (and the adjectives that describe the nouns)

6 different cases in Russian – each case contains the rules as to how a noun changes depending on what part of the sentence the noun is ---

In Russian, the word for boy changes in each of these sentences – each case will state how the word boy must change (usually a letter is added to the end of the word)

subject – John is a boy. direct object – She loves that boy. indirect object – She gave a present to the boy.prepositional phrase – The bird is sitting on the boy.

Nominative Case – nouns are the subject of the sentence-no changes occur to the noun -use the dictionary form of the word

Это Антон.

Locative Case – nouns indicate location with the prepostions “in”, “at” or “on”

THINGS – use the prepositions “В” = in or “НА” = on

Masculine - cons + e на столе

Ь + e в словаре

Й + e в музее

Feminine- a + e на парте

я + e

*** ь + и в тетради

Neuter - o + e на окне

е - no need to add anything or make changes

Мой карандаш на словаре.

Твой учебник на парте.

Компьютор в классе.

Телефон на столе.

My pencil is on the dictionary.

Your(I) textbook is on the desk.

The computer is in the classroom.

The telephone is on the table.

My pen is not on the notebook.

Your(F) bag is in the house.

Моя ручка не на тетради.

Ваша сумка в доме.

ПРАКТИКА

PEOPLE– use BOTH prepositions “В” AND “НА” both mean IN or AT

Each place is “assigned” one preposition – either В or НАThey will always go together as a couple – can never be interchanged

Same endings apply as with “things” but you MUST MEMORIZE each place with its assigned preposition

For example: школа will always have “В” before it…. Мой брат в школе.

на заводе – Factory на фабрике – Factoryна фирме – Firmна уроке – Lessonна улице – Outside/on street* на рынке – Marketна проспекте – Prospect/ave.на почте – Post office на стадионе – Stadium*на площади – Squareна работе – Work

“HA” PLACES

в магазине – storeв аптеке – drugstoreв поликлинике – clinicв клубе – clubв театре – theaterв офисе – officeв больнице – hospitalв гастраноме – supermarketв институте – instituteв библиотеке – libraryв школе – schoolв классе – classв туалете – toiletв спортзале – gymв универсаме – food storeв парке – parkв универмаге – dept. storeв музее – museumв кафе – caféв ресторане – restaurantв кинотеатре – movie theater

“B” PLACES *** EXCEPTIONS ***

No ending: в кино – moviesв метро – metro/subway

No preposition:дома – at home