Case To Raise The Wage Guam - GWCC Presentation BJ Cruz
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Transcript of Case To Raise The Wage Guam - GWCC Presentation BJ Cruz
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For more information, please contact:
The Office of Vice Speaker Benjamin J.F. CruzI Mina’trentai Dos Na Liheslaturan GuahanT 477-2520/1 | F 477-2522http://www.senatorbjcruz.com
Raise The
Minimum wage
TA
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F C
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INCOME EQUALITY AND GENDER
LOCAL IMPACTS OF THE LAST FEDERAL MINIMUM WAGE INCREASES
COST OF LIVING
POVERTY ON GUAM
IMPACT OF PROPOSED MINIMUM WAGE INCREASE
ECONOMICS OF MINIMUM WAGE
50
3
8
16
19
23
SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ABOUT THE MINIMUM WAGE
30
2
For more information, please contact:
The Office of Vice Speaker Benjamin J.F. Cruz
I Mina’trentai Dos Na Liheslaturan Guahan
T 477-2520/1 | F 477-2522
http://www.senatorbjcruz.com
Setting the record straight about the minimum wage 42
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INCOME EQUALITY AND GENDER
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E: BY
GE
ND
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Workforce Population By Sex on Guam
Men; 34960;
57%
Women; 26880;
43%
Public Sector Workforce Population By Sex Guam
Men, 7400, 48%Women,
8170, 52%
Women Workforce Population By Sector Guam
Public Sector,
8,170, 30%
Private Sector, 18,710,
70%
Private Sector Workforce Population By Sex Guam
Men, 27560,
60%
Women, 18710,
40%
4Source Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013. December 2013
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Full Time, Year
Round62%
Part Time Year
Round38%
Women
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Income Distribution Women Income Distribution Men
Income Distribution Between Genders
5
$1 to $9,999 or
loss15%
$10,000 to $14,999
12%
$15,000 to $24,999
25%
$25,000 to $34,999
16%
$35,000 to $49,999
14%
$50,000 to $64,999
8%
$65,000 or more10%
Row Labels$1 to
$9,999 or loss
$10,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 to
$34,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$35,000 to
$49,999
$50,000 to
$64,999
$65,000 to
$74,999
$75,000 or more
Female 6383 4951 7730 4911 4184 4184 2195 638 1308
Worked full-time, year-round
939 2,553 5,495 4,044 3,561 3,561 1,865 540 1,104
Worked less than full-time, year-round
5,444 2,398 2,235 867 623 623 330 98 204
Male 6042 4865 10225 6792 5986 5986 3565 1350 3803
Worked full-time, year-round
1,190 2,723 7,512 5,719 5,360 5,360 3,190 1,201 3,373
Worked less than full-time, year-round
4,852 2,142 2,713 1,073 626 626 375 149 430
Grand Total 12,425 9,816 17,955 11,703 10,170 10,170 5,760 1,988 5,111Full Time
Year Round
71%
Part Time Year
Round29%
Men
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Guam
Table 6-5. Work Status in 2009 and Sex by Income in 2009
NOTE: For information on confidentiality protection, nonsampling error, and definitions, see
www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/doc/dct2gu.pdf.
$1 to $9,999 or loss
22%
$10,000 to $14,999
16%
$15,000 to $24,999
23%
$25,000 to $34,999
15%
$35,000 to $49,999
13%
$50,000 to $64,999
6%
$65,000 or more
5%
Gender
Less then $25,000 per year
$35,000 per year or more
Men 51.61% 32.32%
Women 61.34% 23.67%
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Women Workforce Population By Industry
AGRICULTURE, 20, 0%
CONTRACTORS, 360, 2%
MANUFACTURING, 350, 2%
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC
UTILITIES, 1,840, 10%
WHOLESALE TRADE, 720,
4%RETAIL TRADE,
6,120, 33%FINANCE,
INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE,
1,770, 9%
SERVICES, 7,530, 40%
Private Sector: Industry Gender Composition
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Men Women
Women Workforce Population By Industry
AGRICULTURE, 140, 0% CONTRACTORS,
6,760, 24%
MANUFACTURING, 1,070,
4%
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC
UTILITIES, 2,970, 11%
WHOLESALE TRADE,
1,530, 6%
RETAIL TRADE,
5,410, 20%
FINANCE, INSURANCE
& REAL ESTATE, 760,
3%
SERVICES, 8,920, 32%
Industry by Median Earnings and Gender
IndustryMales Full
Timeyear-round
Women Full Time
...Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining $28,438 $21,250
...Construction $25,369 $27,125
...Manufacturing $27,132 $19,239
...Wholesale trade $24,009 $24,091
...Retail trade $22,969 $19,755
...Transportation and warehousing, and utilities $35,081 $32,123
...Information $36,314 $26,842
...Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing $31,188 $28,956
...Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services $29,437 $28,173
...Educational services, and health care and social assistance $36,315 $33,219
...Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services $18,996 $15,936
...Other services, except public administration $24,250 $21,181
...Public administration $45,997 $35,862
6
Source Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013. December 2013
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Guam Table 6-7. Industry by Median Earnings in 2009 and Sex
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MSchool Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and Sex by Earnings
As shown in the comparison below, the total men who attended some college but didn’t graduate and make 50k + annually (2,528) total more than women with a bachelors making 50k + annually (2,286) despite there being more women in the workforce with bachelors degrees.
Men who never graduated or never finished their bachelors degree making 50k + annually (4,266) total more than the total women on Guam making 50k + annually (3,573).
7
Men Women
$50,000 to $64,999$65,000 or
more$50,000 to $64,999
$65,000 or more
Bachelor's degree or higher 1276 1010
Some college or associate's degree 1227 1301 438 316
High school graduate, GED, or alternative credential 861 632 298 177
Less than high school graduate 128 117 27 31
Men without Bachelor Degrees vs All Women Making 50k +
4266 3573
Total Population making more than 50k Per Year 7679 3573
Guam Income Earners with Bachelors Degrees 7522 8209
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census GuamTable 6-3. School Enrollment, Educational Attainment, and Sex by Earnings in 2009
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LOCAL IMPACTS OF THE LAST FEDERAL MINIMUM WAGE INCREASES
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INC
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Employment, Hourly Rate, and Minimum Wage
9
$4.00
$9.00
$14.00
$19.00
$24.00
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
42,000
44,000
46,000
48,000M
ar-0
2
Dec
-02
Sep
-03
Jun
-04
Mar
-05
Dec
-05
Sep
-06
Jun
-07
Mar
-08
Dec
-08
Sep
-09
Jun
-10
Mar
-11
Dec
-11
Sep
-12
Jun
-13
Emp
loym
ent
Employment Private Sector
Hourly Rate - Private Sector
7/2
4/20
07: $
5.8
5
7/2
4/20
08: $
6.5
5
7/2
4/20
09: $
7.2
5
Periods Following the Increased Minimum Wage
Before Minimum Wage Increases
Quarter Ending
Employed -Private Sector
Average Hourly Rate -Private Sector
Avg Weekly Hours-Private Sector
Sum of Min
Wage
Jun-04 42,340 $10.73 35.5 $5.15
Sep-04 42,630 $11.11 36 $5.15
Dec-04 42,480 $11.03 35.7 $5.15
Mar-05 42,790 $11.08 35.4 $5.15
Jun-05 42,960 $11.03 35.1 $5.15
Sep-05 43,120 $10.92 35.6 $5.15
Dec-05 43,230 $10.85 35.9 $5.15
Mar-06 43,580 $10.99 35.9 $5.15
Jun-06 42,980 $10.68 35.3 $5.15
Sep-06 43,210 $10.81 35.7 $5.15
Dec-06 44,160 $10.84 36 $5.15
Mar-07 44,450 $11.10 36 $5.15
Jun-07 43,850 $10.90 36.4 $5.15
Sep-07 44,650 $11.15 35.9 $5.85
Dec-07 45,320 $11.29 36.4 $5.85
Mar-08 46,680 $11.16 36.2 $5.85
Jun-08 45,580 $11.12 36.5 $5.85
Sep-08 45,990 $11.43 36 $6.55
Dec-08 45,730 $11.47 36.3 $6.55
Mar-09 45,900 $11.63 36.3 $6.55
Jun-09 44,710 $11.59 34.9 $6.55
Sep-09 44,860 $12.15 35.6 $7.25
Dec-09 45,670 $12.16 36.1 $7.25
Mar-10 46,320 $12.20 35.9 $7.25
Jun-10 46,440 $12.20 36.4 $7.25
Sep-10 46,430 $12.33 36.5 $7.25
Dec-10 46,790 $12.37 36.4 $7.25
Mar-11 45,920 $12.45 35.9 $7.25
Jun-11 44,490 $12.28 35.3 $7.25
Sep-11 44,630 $12.24 35.8 $7.25
Dec-11 44,760 $12.36 35.7 $7.25
Mar-12 45,090 $12.49 36.1 $7.25
Jun-12 44,800 $12.57 35.7 $7.25
Sep-12 45,450 $12.45 35.8 $7.25
Dec-12 46,100 $12.95 37 $7.25
Mar-13 46,090 $12.87 36.4 $7.25
Jun-13 45,570 $12.67 37.6 $7.25Source: Calculations from Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013
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5.8
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$7
.25
Average Hourly Wage, Minimum Wage and Employment Volume in Guam's Private Sector
10
4 years Before 1st of 3 Minimum Wage Increases were Implemented (Quarter Ending 9/2003-Quarter Ending 6/2007)
4yravg
43,160 $10.94 35.8 $20,344.57
Quarter
Ending
Employed -Private Sector
Average Hourly Rate -
Private Sector
Wkly HrsPaid –PrivateSector
Avg Annual Earnings –
Private Sector
Sum of
Min Wage
Sep-03 42,030 $10.40 36 $19,468.80 5.15
Dec-03 42,770 $10.92 36.1 $20,499.02 5.15
Mar-04 42,850 $11.15 35.7 $20,698.86 5.15
Jun-04 42,340 $10.73 35.5 $19,807.58 5.15
Sep-04 42,630 $11.11 36 $20,797.92 5.15
Dec-04 42,480 $11.03 35.7 $20,476.09 5.15
Mar-05 42,790 $11.08 35.4 $20,396.06 5.15
Jun-05 42,960 $11.03 35.1 $20,131.96 5.15
Sep-05 43,120 $10.92 35.6 $20,215.10 5.15
Dec-05 43,230 $10.85 35.9 $20,254.78 5.15
Mar-06 43,580 $10.99 35.9 $20,516.13 5.15
Jun-06 42,980 $10.68 35.3 $19,604.21 5.15
Sep-06 43,210 $10.81 35.7 $20,067.68 5.15
Dec-06 44,160 $10.84 36 $20,292.48 5.15
Mar-07 44,450 $11.10 36 $20,779.20 5.15
Jun-07 43,850 $10.90 36.4 $20,631.52 5.15
4 years After Last Minimum Wage Increases was Implemented(Quarter Ending 9/2009-Quarter Ending 6/2014)
4yr avg 45,637 $12.44 36.2 $23,402.05
Quarter Ending
Employed -Private Sector
Average Hourly Rate
- Private Sector
Wkly HrsPaid –PrivateSector
Avg Annual Earnings –
Private Sector
Sum of Min
Wage
Sep-09 44,860 $12.15 35.6 $22,492.08 7.25
Dec-09 45,670 $12.16 36.1 $22,826.75 7.25
Mar-10 46,320 $12.20 35.9 $22,774.96 7.25
Jun-10 46,440 $12.20 36.4 $23,092.16 7.25
Sep-10 46,430 $12.33 36.5 $23,402.34 7.25
Dec-10 46,790 $12.37 36.4 $23,413.94 7.25
Mar-11 45,920 $12.45 35.9 $23,241.66 7.25
Jun-11 44,490 $12.28 35.3 $22,541.17 7.25
Sep-11 44,630 $12.24 35.8 $22,785.98 7.25
Dec-11 44,760 $12.36 35.7 $22,945.10 7.25
Mar-12 45,090 $12.49 36.1 $23,446.23 7.25
Jun-12 44,800 $12.57 35.7 $23,334.95 7.25
Sep-12 45,450 $12.45 35.8 $23,176.92 7.25
Dec-12 46,100 $12.95 37 $24,915.80 7.25
Mar-13 46,090 $12.87 36.4 $24,360.34 7.25
Jun-13 45,570 $12.67 37.6 $24,772.38 7.25
Compared to the 4 years before July 2007 when the 3 minimum wage increases began.• 2,477 More Jobs• $1.50 More Per Hour• 1.2 Hours Worked More Per WeekThe Minimum Wage Increase did not negatively affect Jobs, Hours, or Pay after the last increase.
GUAM TO INCREASE MINIMUM WAGE BY 60 CENTSBy Steve LimtiacoPacific Daily News, July 18, 2006“Local businessmen during legislative session late last month told lawmakers that increasing the minimum wage would have a domino effect on other wage earners in order to maintain a fair pay separation between veteran employees and new hires.”
Source: Calculations from Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013
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HIK
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7.2
5September 2005 - June 2009 September 2009 - June 2013
11
Compared to the 4 years before July 2009 when the minimum wage was last increased.• 1,017 More Jobs• $1.30 More Per Hour• .18 Hours Worked More Per WeekThe Minimum Wage Increase did not negatively affect Jobs, Hours, or Pay after the last increase.
Source: Calculations from Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013
Quarter Ending
EmployedAvg Hourly Rate
Avg Weekly Hours Paid
Quarter Ending
EmployedAvg Hourly Rate
Avg Weekly Hours Paid
Sep-05 43,120 $10.92 35.60 Sep-09 44,860 $12.15 35.60
Dec-05 43,230 $10.85 35.90 Dec-09 45,670 $12.16 36.10
Mar-06 43,580 $10.99 35.90 Mar-10 46,320 $12.20 35.90
Jun-06 42,980 $10.68 35.30 Jun-10 46,440 $12.20 36.40
Sep-06 43,210 $10.81 35.70 Sep-10 46,430 $12.33 36.50
Dec-06 44,160 $10.84 36.00 Dec-10 46,790 $12.37 36.40
Mar-07 44,450 $11.10 36.00 Mar-11 45,920 $12.45 35.90
Jun-07 43,850 $10.90 36.40 Jun-11 44,490 $12.28 35.30
Sep-07 44,650 $11.15 35.90 Sep-11 44,630 $12.24 35.80
Dec-07 45,320 $11.29 36.40 Dec-11 44,760 $12.36 35.70
Mar-08 46,680 $11.16 36.20 Mar-12 45,090 $12.49 36.10
Jun-08 45,580 $11.12 36.50 Jun-12 44,800 $12.57 35.70
Sep-08 45,990 $11.43 36.00 Sep-12 45,450 $12.45 35.80
Dec-08 45,730 $11.47 36.30 Dec-12 46,100 $12.95 37.00
Mar-09 45,900 $11.63 36.30 Mar-13 46,090 $12.87 36.40
Jun-09 44,710 $11.59 34.90 Jun-13 45,570 $12.67 37.60
4 Year Average
44,571 $11.12 35.964 Year
Average45,588 $12.42 36.14
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PRIVATE SECTOREmployment September 2005 -
June 2009Employment September 2009-June
2013 (4 years)
AGRICULTURE 313 229
CONSTRUCTION 5,456 6,508
General Building Contractors 4,128 5,018
Heavy Construction, ex. Building 527 464
Special Trade Contractors 801 1,026
MANUFACTURING 1,654 1,706
Food and kindred products 465 474
Printing and publishing 338 318
All other manufacturing 851 914
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,858 4,524
WHOLESALE TRADE 2,029 2,147
RETAIL TRADE 11,783 11,500
FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 2,493 2,579
SERVICES 15,986 16,440
Hotels and other lodging places 5,339 5,331
All other services 10,646 11,109
TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR 44,571 45,632
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PRIVATE SECTORAverage Hrly Earnings
September 2005 - June 2009Average Hrly Earnings September 2009-
June 2013 (4 years)
AGRICULTURE $8.26 $9.24
CONSTRUCTION $13.08 $14.13
General Building Contractors $12.66 $13.74
Heavy Construction, ex. Building $14.87 $16.86
Special Trade Contractors $13.81 $12.43
MANUFACTURING $13.62 $14.37
Food and kindred products $9.48 $9.94
Printing and publishing $11.02 $12.16
All other manufacturing $15.33 $15.90
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC UTILITIES $14.40 $16.63
WHOLESALE TRADE $9.65 $10.66
RETAIL TRADE $10.04 $10.60
FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE $11.94 $13.05
SERVICES $9.51 $11.19
Hotels and other lodging places $7.38 $8.58
All other services $11.66 $14.05
TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR $11.12 $12.42
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PRIVATE SECTORAverage Hours paid per Week September 2005 - June 2009
Average Hours paid per Week September 2009-June 2013 (4 years)
AGRICULTURE 39 36
CONSTRUCTION 41 40
General Building Contractors 40 39
Heavy Construction, ex. Building 47 48
Special Trade Contractors 40 36
MANUFACTURING 39 40
Food and kindred products 36 37
Printing and publishing 34 35
All other manufacturing 41 41
TRANSPORTATION & PUBLIC UTILITIES 39 39
WHOLESALE TRADE 38 38
RETAIL TRADE 32 31
FINANCE, INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 38 38
SERVICES 35 37
Hotels and other lodging places 36 37
All other services 35 36
TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR 35.96 36.06
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NQuarter Ending
AvgHourly Rate
AvgHourly Weekly
Hours Paid
Male WomenTotal
Employment
Mar-04 $6.88 34.5 2480 2460 5080
Jun-04 $6.84 34.4 2460 2520 4960
Sep-04 $6.96 36.6 2460 2490 4950
Dec-04 $6.89 35.6 2470 2560 5030
Mar-05 $6.88 34.6 2430 2640 5080
Jun-05 $6.83 34.9 2500 2610 5110
Sep-05 $6.79 34.7 2580 2700 5280
Dec-05 $6.60 36.7 2670 2710 5380
Mar-06 $7.01 35.8 2790 2770 5570
Jun-06 $6.96 34 2750 2740 5490
Sep-06 $6.87 35.2 2640 2660 5300
Dec-06 $6.89 36.8 2700 2730 5450
Mar-07 $6.78 36.6 2730 2710 5320
Jun-07 $7.27 35.9 2730 2770 5380
Sep-07 $7.54 35 2660 2760 5420
Dec-07 $7.89 36.9 2790 2740 5530
Mar-08 $7.53 37.1 2830 2680 5410
Jun-08 $7.64 36.4 2740 2650 5260
Sep-08 $7.90 36 2710 2630 5340
Dec-08 $8.24 35.8 2570 2690 5260
Mar-09 $7.98 36.1 2500 2640 5150
Jun-09 $8.15 31.7 2400 2480 4890
Sep-09 $8.70 35 2410 2430 4840
Dec-09 $8.51 36.8 2460 2500 4960
Mar-10 $8.33 37.2 2510 2520 5170
Jun-10 $8.36 37.3 2550 2490 5210
Sep-10 $8.55 38.3 2710 2620 5330
Dec-10 $8.52 38.6 2750 2690 5440
Mar-11 $8.29 37.6 2800 2680 5410
Jun-11 $8.28 35.8 2670 2610 5070
Sep-11 $8.59 36.6 2720 2670 5120
Dec-11 $8.97 37.6 2800 2750 5280
Mar-12 $8.64 37.9 2700 2610 5370
Jun-12 $8.66 36.2 2650 2620 5410
Sep-12 $8.85 37.4 2820 2760 5570
Dec-12 $8.80 40.4 2880 2790 5720
Mar-13 $8.62 37.8 2980 2810 5790
Jun-13 $8.59 34.7 2850 2810 5600
Sep-13 $8.63 37.3 2810 2740 5540
Dec-13 $8.70 40.1 2810 2790 5540
With Room Rates, Visitor Arrivals, and Occupancy Rate Increasing Significantly, Employees working in the Hotel and Lodging Industry are averaging the same hourly rate in the quarter ending December 2013 as they were in quarter ending September 2009, the last time the minimum wage was increased.
Increased prices in the hotel industry and increased customer volume has not translated into increased compensation of the employees in the hotel industry.
Most Hotels on Guam have qualifying certificates and are exempt 75% of their taxes, regardless of their profit margins.
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COST OF LIVING
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MCost of Living Vs Average Private Sector Wages and the Minimum Wage
17
Average Hourly Rate -Private Sector, 2014-Q1,
$12.77
Minimum Wage Per Hour, 2014-Q1, $7.25
CPI FOOD, 132.1
CPI HOUSING, 124.3
CPI MEDICAL CARE, 114.7
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
$35.00
20
07
-Q1
20
07
-Q2
20
07
-Q3
20
07
-Q4
20
08
-Q1
20
08
-Q2
20
08
-Q3
20
08
-Q4
20
09
-Q1
20
09
-Q2
20
09
-Q3
20
09
-Q4
20
10
-Q1
20
10
-Q2
20
10
-Q3
20
10
-Q4
20
11
-Q1
20
11
-Q2
20
11
-Q3
20
11
-Q4
20
12
-Q1
20
12
-Q2
20
12
-Q3
20
12
-Q4
20
13
-Q1
20
13
-Q2
20
13
-Q3
20
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Average Wages in the Private Sector, Minimum Wage, And The Cost of Living on Guam
Average Hourly Rate - Private Sector
Minimum Wage Per Hour
CPI FOOD
CPI HOUSING
CPI MEDICAL CARE
Source Guam DOL Current Employment Statistics Historical Tables 1993-2013. December 2013Guam Consumer Price Index 1st Quarter 2007 through 1st Quarter 2014 Vol. XL No 1
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Living Wage vs Minimum Wage vs Poverty Wage Comparison against state with lowest cost of living (South Dakota) and Hawaii
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Families in Poverty on Guam Sections of Slides
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Below 50 percent of
poverty level,
17,195, 11%
Below 125 percent of poverty level, 45,785, 29%
Below 185 percent of
poverty level,
69,777, 45%
Above 185 percent of
poverty level, 23,752, 15%
Population of Guam and Poverty
Families in Poverty with female
householder, no husband present ,
2,874, 44%
All other familes in Poverty,
3,640, 56%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Guam Table 1-17. Poverty Status and Workers in Family in 2009 by Ethnic Origin or Race: 2010
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Guam Table 1-17. Poverty Status and Workers in Family in 2009 by Ethnic Origin or Race: 2010
Living Wage Calculation for Hawaii
Hourly Wages 1 Adult1 Adult, 1 Child
1 Adult, 2 Children
1 Adult, 3 Children
2 Adults2 Adults,
1 Child
2 Adults, 2 Childre
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2 Adults, 3 Childre
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Living Wage $12.51 $25.09 $31.42 $42.37 $18.88 $22.76 $24.10 $30.61
Poverty Wage $5.99 $8.06 $10.13 $12.90 $8.06 $10.13 $12.90 $14.26
Minimum Wage onGuam
$7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25
Living Wage Calculation for South Dakota
Hourly Wages 1 Adult1 Adult, 1 Child
1 Adult, 2 Children
1 Adult, 3 Children
2 Adults2 Adults,
1 Child
2 Adults, 2 Childre
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2 Adults, 3 Childre
n
Living Wage $7.44 $16.23 $20.14 $25.10 $12.46 $15.41 $16.75 $19.54
Poverty Wage $5.21 $7.00 $8.80 $10.60 $7.00 $8.80 $10.60 $12.40
Minimum Wage on Guam $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25
Source: Mass. institutes of technology http://povertyinamerica.mit.edu/
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EGuam Minimum Wage Annual Salary Vs Poverty Guidelines Set For Hawaii (Individual and for families by size)
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Guam Minimum Wage Annual Salary Vs Poverty Guidelines Set For 48 Contiguous States (Individual and for families by size)
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$0.00
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Sum of Annual Income on Minimum Wage
HI Poverty Line Individual
HI Poverty Line Family of 2
HI Poverty Line Family of 3
HI Poverty Line Family of 4
HI Poverty Line Family of 5
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Sum of Annual Income on Minimum Wage 100% of Poverty Line for 1 100% of Poverty Line for 2 100% of Poverty Line for 3 100% of Poverty Line for 4
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Table 1-17. Poverty Status and Workers in Family in 2009 by Ethnic Origin or Race: 2010
Characteristic
Total
One Ethnic Origin or Race
Two or More
Ethnic Origins or
RacesTotal
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Asian
White
Other Ethnic
Origin or Race
Chamorro [1] Chuukese
Other Native
Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander Filipino Korean Other Asian
...BELOW POVERTY LEVEL IN 2009
.........Number below poverty level
...All families [2,3] 6,514 6,097 2,679 1,121 556 1,194 159 148 173 67 417
......With related children under 18 years 5,491 5,121 2,298 1,051 508 886 101 95 128 54 370
.........With related children under 5 years 2,986 2,775 1,261 667 297 385 25 32 73 35 211
...Families with female householder, no husband present [2,3] 2,874 2,680 1,372 475 209 423 53 63 65 20 194
......With related children under 18 years 2,589 2,408 1,234 456 202 349 43 47 58 19 181
.........With related children under 5 years 1,405 1,305 697 275 118 153 9 11 28 14 100
...All individuals 35,848 32,491 14,018 6,918 3,153 5,894 690 737 803 278 3,357
......Under 18 years 16,581 14,597 6,908 3,542 1,477 2,015 172 157 244 82 1,984
.........Related children under 18 years 16,428 14,458 6,859 3,512 1,462 1,988 169 150 239 79 1,970
......18 to 64 years 17,822 16,486 6,610 3,312 1,622 3,297 430 509 517 189 1,336
......18 years and over 19,267 17,894 7,110 3,376 1,676 3,879 518 580 559 196 1,373
.........65 years and over 1,445 1,408 500 64 54 582 88 71 42 7 37
......Unrelated individuals 5,571 5,143 2,017 549 433 1,298 212 281 268 85 428
.........Percent below poverty level
...All families [2,3] 19.0 19.0 20.6 63.8 36.8 12.7 17.6 10.5 5.3 8.2 20.0
......With related children under 18 years 24.8 24.7 26.2 66.9 42.1 15.9 21.6 13.3 6.9 9.7 25.1
.........With related children under 5 years 30.2 30.2 31.4 70.7 46.6 18.7 22.3 13.3 8.2 12.3 30.5
...Families with female householder, no husband present [2,3] 37.6 37.5 36.7 77.9 52.8 24.9 39.3 25.0 27.8 23.8 39.0
......With related children under 18 years 46.2 46.1 44.1 80.4 61.6 33.1 48.9 32.2 33.9 27.9 47.3
.........With related children under 5 years 54.1 54.2 52.3 81.8 69.8 36.4 56.3 28.2 44.4 41.2 53.5
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IMPACT OF A PROPOSED MINIMUM WAGE INCREASE
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Minimum Wage Impact Estimate Summary
Occupational Group 1 - $8.20 2 - $9.15 3 - $10.10
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 1,453 4,130 5,161
Office and Administrative Support Occupations 845 2,495 3,022
Sales and Related Occupations 642 1,774 2,363
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 728 1,854 2,054
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 362 930 1,158
Protective Service Occupations 303 885 1,076
Personal Care and Service Occupations 212 535 730
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 197 460 530
Production Occupations 106 329 423
Construction and Extraction Occupations 88 205 415
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 43 101 123
Healthcare Support Occupations 23 73 120
Management Occupations 0 94 94
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 11 44 72
Business and Financial Operations Occupations 0 23 56
Community and Social Service Occupations 10 20 47
Education, Training, and Library Occupations 7 26 32
Legal Occupations 7 18 18
Computer and Mathematical Occupations 0 19 19
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 0 0 5
Grand Total 5,035 14,011 17,514
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The proposed federal minimum wage increase is proposed to begin 2015, and raise 95 cents per year for three years leaving the minimum wage at $10.10 per hour in 2017
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Total, Food Preparation and Serving Related
Occupations, 1,453, 29%
Total, Office and Administrative Support Occupations, 845, 17%Total, Building
and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations,
728, 14%
Total, Sales and Related Occupations,
642, 13%
Total, Transportation and Material Moving Occupations, 362, 7%
Total, Protective Service Occupations,
303, 6%
Total, Personal Care and Service
Occupations, 212, 4%
Total, Installation, Maintenance, and
Repair Occupations, 197, 4%
Total, Production Occupations, 106,
2%
Total, Construction and Extraction
Occupations, 88, 2%
Total, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports,
and Media Occupations, 43, 1% Total, Healthcare
Support Occupations, 23, 0%
Total, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Occupations, 11, 0%Total, Community and
Social Service Occupations, 10, 0%
Total, Education, Training, and Library Occupations, 7, 0%
Total, Legal Occupations, 7, 0%
(5,035 estimated to make less than proposed minimum wage)
Minimum Wage Impact Estimates calculated from May 2012 OES EstimateMay 2012 OES Estimates Source for Data: http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_gu.htmData: Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) SurveyData Owner: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
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Distribution of Estimated Employees Impacted within Occupational Groups from $9.15 Minimum Wage Effective 2016
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Total, Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations, 4,130,
29.47%
Total, Office and Administrative Support
Occupations, 2,495, 17.81%
Total, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance
Occupations, 1,854, 13.23%
Total, Sales and Related Occupations, 1,774,
12.66%
Total, Transportation and Material Moving
Occupations, 930, 6.64%
Total, Protective Service Occupations, 885, 6.32%
Total, Personal Care and Service Occupations, 535,
3.82%
Total, Installation, Maintenance, and
Repair Occupations, 460, 3.28%
Total, Production Occupations, 329, 2.34%
Total, Construction and Extraction Occupations,
205, 1.46%
Total, Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports,
and Media Occupations, 101, 0.72%
Total, Management Occupations, 94, 0.67%
Total, Healthcare Support Occupations, 73, 0.52%
Total, Healthcare Practitioners and
Technical Occupations, 44, 0.31%
Total, Education, Training, and Library Occupations,
26, 0.18%
Total, Business and Financial Operations
Occupations, 23, 0.16%
Total, Community and Social Service
Occupations, 20, 0.14%
Total, Computer and Mathematical
Occupations, 19, 0.14%Total, Legal Occupations,
18, 0.12%
(14,011 estimated to make less than proposed minimum wage)
Minimum Wage Impact Estimates calculated from May 2012 OES EstimateMay 2012 OES Estimates Source for Data: http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_gu.htmData: Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) SurveyData Owner: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
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RDistribution of Estimated Employees Impacted within Occupational Groups from $8.20 Minimum Wage Effective 2015
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Food Preparation and Serving Related
Occupations, 5,161, 29.47%
Office and Administrative Support Occupations,
3,022, 17.25%
Sales and Related Occupations, 2,363,
13.49%
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance
Occupations, 2,054, 11.73%
Transportation and Material Moving
Occupations, 1,158, 6.61%
Protective Service Occupations, 1,076, 6.14%
Personal Care and Service Occupations, 730, 4.17%
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations,
530, 3.02%
Production Occupations, 423,
2.42%
Construction and Extraction Occupations,
415, 2.37%
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations, 123,
0.70%
Healthcare Support Occupations, 120, 0.69%
Management Occupations, 94, 0.54%
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations,
72, 0.41%
Business and Financial Operations Occupations,
56, 0.32%
Community and Social Service Occupations, 47,
0.27%
Education, Training, and Library Occupations, 32,
0.18%
Computer and Mathematical Occupations,
19, 0.11%Legal Occupations, 18,
0.10% Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations, 5,
0.03%
(17,514 estimated to make less than proposed minimum wage)
Minimum Wage Impact Estimates calculated from May 2012 OES EstimateMay 2012 OES Estimates Source for Data: http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_gu.htmData: Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Survey
Data Owner: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor
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Impacted by $0.95 Increase 2015
Top 20 Occupations 8.20
Cashiers 428
Waiters and Waitresses 403
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 323
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 295
Security Guards 280
Food Preparation Workers 265
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 250
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast
Food 245
Cooks, Restaurant 203
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 139
Retail Salespersons 136
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 135
Customer Service Representatives 134
Office Clerks, General 108
Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 98
Dishwashers 98
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 81
Driver/Sales Workers 80
Construction Laborers 71
Cooks, Fast Food 60
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 60
Grand Total 3,889
Impacted by $0.95 Increase 2017Impacted by $0.95 Increase 2016 2016
28
Top 20 Occupations 9.15
Waiters and Waitresses 1,208
Cashiers 855
Security Guards 840
Food Preparation Workers 795
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 750
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 735
Retail Salespersons 680
Customer Service Representatives 670
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 645
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 590
Office Clerks, General 540
Cooks, Restaurant 405
Landscaping and GroundskeepingWorkers 405
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 348
Dishwashers 293
Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 195
Cooks, Fast Food 180
Construction Laborers 178
Childcare Workers 165
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 165
Grand Total 10,640
Top 20 Occupations 10.10
Waiters and Waitresses 1,449
Cashiers 1,283
Security Guards 1,008
Food Preparation Workers 954
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 900
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 882
Retail Salespersons 680
Customer Service Representatives 670
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 645
Cooks, Restaurant 608
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 590
Office Clerks, General 540
Landscaping and GroundskeepingWorkers 405
Construction Laborers 355
Dishwashers 351
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 348
Cooks, Fast Food 216
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 203
Childcare Workers 198
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 198
Grand Total 12,481
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Many to most minimum waged workers do not work full time per each employer they work for.
Employers do not have to do the following for non-full time workers:
• Provide Medical, Dental, Vision Insurance
• Paid Leave and Paid Sick Leave
For employers who do employ minimum wage workers that work full time for them, it would be a $1,976 increase in salary/wage cost per employee per year increased max. That is $164.66 more money an employer will have to pay per employee per month max, and $82.33 per paycheck.
If you do not employ minimum wage workers that work full time, and employ workers that do not make minimum wage but make below either the proposed minimum wage increases, the costs will not exceed the amounts above per year.
Is 1,976 per year (the maximum increase from proposed raise) really impact your profit margins so big it will change the way you have to do business, prevent you from profiting, and make you feel that a $1,976 max increase per employee per year is going to ruin the economy.
Minimum Wage increase in perspective of average costs for average employees working full time
29
Employees 1 day 1 week 1 month 1 year
1 Employee $7.60 $38.00 $152.00 $1,976.00
2 Employees $15.20 $76.00 $304.00 $3,952.00
3 Employees $22.80 $114.00 $456.00 $5,928.00
4 Employees $30.40 $152.00 $608.00 $7,904.00
5 Employees $38.00 $190.00 $760.00 $9,880.00
6 Employees $45.60 $228.00 $912.00 $11,856.00
7 Employees $53.20 $266.00 $1,064.00 $13,832.00
8 Employees $60.80 $304.00 $1,216.00 $15,808.00
9 Employees $68.40 $342.00 $1,368.00 $17,784.00
10 Employees $76.00 $380.00 $1,520.00 $19,760.00
Employees 1 day 1 week 1 month 1 year
1 Employee $6.65 $33.25 $133.00 $1,729.00
2 Employees $13.30 $66.50 $266.00 $3,458.00
3 Employees $19.95 $99.75 $399.00 $5,187.00
4 Employees $26.60 $133.00 $532.00 $6,916.00
5 Employees $33.25 $166.25 $665.00 $8,645.00
6 Employees $39.90 $199.50 $798.00 $10,374.00
7 Employees $46.55 $232.75 $931.00 $12,103.00
8 Employees $53.20 $266.00 $1,064.00 $13,832.00
9 Employees $59.85 $299.25 $1,197.00 $15,561.00
10 Employees $66.50 $332.50 $1,330.00 $17,290.00
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ECONOMICS OF MINIMUM WAGE
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Minimum wage from 1938 to 2012 in nominal dollars and inflation-adjusted 2012 dollars
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View the minimum wage from 1938 to 2012 dataSource: U.S. Department of Labor, Wage & Hour Division, www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/chart.htm1Inflation adjusted using CPI-W, annual averages 1938 to 2012, bls.gov/cpi
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Real GDP per capita compared to real minimum wage, 1930 to 2012
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View the real GDP per capita compared to real minimum wage, 1930 to 2012 dataSource: Bureau of Economic Analysis, www.bea.govMid-year population estimates from U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov1In 2012 dollars, Chained GDP Deflator2In 2012 dollars CPI-W, annual averages 1928 to 2012, bls.gov/cpi
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View the Real GDP per capita dataSource: Bureau of Economic Analysis, www.bea.govMid-year population estimates from U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.gov
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View the Annual pct in real GDP per capita, compared to pct in real minimum wage dataSource: Bureau of Economic Analysis, www.bea.govMid-year population estimates from U.S. Census Bureau, www.census.govMinimum Wage from U.S. Department of Labor, Wage & Hour Division, www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/chart.htm1In 2012 dollars, Chained GDP Deflator2In 2012 Dollars CPI-W, annual averages 1928 to 2012, bls.gov/cpi
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A $10.10 Minimum Wage Would Raise a Family of Four With One Full-Time Worker Above the Poverty Line Counting Their Tax Credits
Earnings of Full-Time Worker at Minimum WageRelative to Poverty Line for Family of Four
Dollars
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
$7.25 Minimum Wage $10.10 Minimum WageNote: Based on projected poverty threshold for a family of four in 2016. Does not include SNAP assistance.Source: CEA calculations.
5
Raising the minimum wage to $10.10 would raise incomes for an estimated 12 million people now in poverty, lifting 2 million of them out of poverty.
5% Above Poverty Line
17% Below Poverty Line $6,050
$6,200 Tax Credits
Wages$20,200
$14,500
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The Minimum Wage Affects Inequality – With Inequality BetweenLow/Middle-Income Historically Tracking the Minimum Wage
Women's 50-10 Wage Gap vs. Real Minimum Wage
Index, 1973=100 Index, 1973=100 (inverted)
140 65
130 75Women's 50-10
Wage Gap(left axis)
12085
Real Minimum Wage(right axis, inverted)
11095
100
10590
11580
12570
60 135
1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013Note: The 50-10 wage gap is the ratio of income earned at the 50th percentile to income earned at the 10th percentile.Source: CEA calculations based on updated data from Lemieux (2007).
6
Studies have shown that the minimum wage plays an important role in reducing inequality.
Important in the bottom of the wage distribution and for women (DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux, 1996). Declining real value of the minimum wage explained roughly one-third to one-half of the increase in the 50-10 wage gap for
women during the 1980s (Autor, Manning, and Smith, 2010).
2012
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As of January 2014, 21 States + DC Have Higher Minimum Wagesthan the Federal and 11 States Index to Inflation
7
During the 2013 legislative session, CA, CT, NY and RI passed legislation to provide for minimum wage increases; NJ raised the minimum wage and indexed it to inflation by ballot initiative. These changes take effect at different points in 2014 and 2015.
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The US Remains Slightly Lower Than Other Advanced
Even With a $10.10 Minimum Wage Countries
Real Minimum Wage in 2016 U.S. Dollars*Australia
Luxembourg
France
Belgium
Ireland
New Zealand
Netherlands
Canada
United KingdomJapan
Austria
United States
Israel
SloveniaSpain
Greece
Korea
Portugal
Turkey
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Hungary
ChileEstonia
Mexico
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 182016$ Per Hour
*Underlying data in 2012 US$, converted to 2016 US$ using CBO projections for consumer price inflation. Source: OECD; CEA calculations.
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Raising the Minimum Wage Would Help Businesses by IncreasingProductivity and Reducing Turnover and Absenteeism
Some of the key findings from decades of research on the minimum wage:
1. Increases worker productivity. A higher minimum wage would increase the productivity ofworkers:
• Greater motivation and perception of fairness. Workers are motivated directly by feeling theyare receiving a fair wage (e.g., Bewley 1999; Mas 2006). Akerlof (1986) argues that higherwages increase employee morale, which raises productivity. Also, workers monitor each othermore when they feel that they are receiving good, fair wages, creating a culture of hard workthat allows employers to spend less on supervising them (Akerlof 2012).Improved focus on the job. Higher wages help workers maintain better physical and mental•
health and could help relieve “decision fatigue” (Mani, et al 2013; Shah et al, 2012), allowingthem to be more productive at work.
2. Reduces turnover and saves on recruiting/training costs. Higher wages lead to lower turnover,reducing the amount employers must spend recruiting and training new employees (Dube, Reich,and Naidu 2005; Dube, Lester, and Reich 2013).
3. Reduces absenteeism. When workers are paid higher wages, they are absent from work less often,increasing both their own productivity and that of their coworkers (Allen 1983; Mefford 1986;Pfeifer 2010; Zhang 2013).
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Based on 64 Studies of Minimum Wage Increases, Researchers Find “No Discernable Effect on Employment”
Study FindsIncreasedEmployment
Study FindsReduced Employment
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Studies have shown that minimum wage increases lead to “little or no employmentresponse”: Comparing 288 pairs of contiguous U.S. counties with minimum wage differentials from 1990 to 2006 finds “no adverse
employment effects” (Dube, Lester, and Reich, 2010). A meta-analysis of the minimum wage research published since 2000 concludes, “The weight of that evidence pointsto little or no
employment response to modest increases in the minimum wage” (Schmitt, 2013). Researchers have noted that even this distribution of studies is biased because studies (spuriously) finding largepositive effects on
employment are likely not to be published while studies (spuriously) finding large negative effects on employment arepublished. 40
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APPENDIX: Beneficiaries of Increasing the Minimum Wage
Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers and Workers Affected by Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage
MinimumWage
Workers Affectedby Increase to
MinimumWage
Workers Affectedby Increase to
Workers $10.10 All Workers Workers $10.10 All Workers
% of All Workers 4.5% 21.4% 100.0% Family Structure
Married w/ kidsUnmarried w/ kids
Married w/o kids Unmarried w/o kids
Teenagers
12.7%9.0%
12.9%41.2%24.2%
16.3%10.0%17.4%44.2%12.1%
26.6%7.5%
27.4%35.1%3.4%
SexMale
Female42.1%57.9%
45.0%55.0%
51.5%48.5%
Family Income
Under $35,000$35k-$75k
$75k+
47.7%30.2%22.2%
45.5%32.1%22.4%
24.8%35.0%40.2%
AgeUnder 20 yrs old
Age 20-29Age 30-39Age 40-54
Age 55+
24.2%35.4%13.9%16.0%10.4%
12.1%37.0%16.7%20.6%13.6%
3.4%21.9%21.7%33.0%19.9%
Race/Ethnicity
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Other
52.3%13.0%27.6%4.7%2.4%
53.3%14.5%25.2%4.8%2.3%
65.0%11.2%16.2%5.8%1.8%
Source: Current Population Survey, outgoing rotation groups for December 2012 through November 2013. Minimum WageWorkers earn a wage within 25 cents above or below the federal minimum of $7.25. Affected workers earn a wagebetween 25 cents below the minimum and $10.10, deflated from 2016 dollars to 2013 dollars using CBO projections.Percentages may not sum to 100% within category due to rounding.
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SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ABOUT THE MINIMUM WAGE
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Important note: all blue text is linked to the original source of information and is clickable. Click the blue text to be taken to the full articles and published research related to the myth
or fact being detailed by each slide
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Myth about Minimum Wage Truth According to the US Department of Labor http://www.dol.gov/minwage/mythbuster.htm
Myth: Increasing the minimum wage will cause people to lose their jobs.
Not true: Minimum wage increases have little or no adverse effect on employment as shown in independent studies from economists across the country. Additionally, in a letter to the president and congressional leaders, leading economists point out that "in recent years there have been important developments in the academic literature on the effect of increases in the minimum wage on employment, with the weight of evidence now showing that increases in the minimum wage have had little or no negative effect on the employment ofminimum wage workers, even during times of weakness in the labor market
Myth: Increasing the minimum wage is bad for businesses.
Not true: Academic research has shown that higher wages sharply reduce employee turnover, which can reduce employment and training costs
Myth: Restaurant servers don't need to be paid the minimum wage since they receive tips.
Not true: An employer can pay a tipped employee as little as $2.13 per hour in direct wages, but only if that amount plus tips equal at least the federal minimum wage, and the worker retains all tips and customarily and regularly receives more than $30 a month in tips. Often, an employee's tips combined with the employer's direct wages of at least $2.13 an hour do not equal the federal minimum hourly wage. When that occurs, the employer must make up the difference. Some states have minimum wage laws specific to tipped employees. When an employee is subject to both the federal and state wage laws, he or she is entitled to the provisions of each law which provides the greater benefits.
Myth: Younger workers don't have to be paid the minimum wage.
Not true: While there are some exceptions, employers are generally required to pay at least the federal minimum wage. Exceptionsallowed include a minimum wage of $4.25 per hour for young workers under the age of 20, but only during their first 90 consecutive calendar days of employment with an employer, and as long as their work does not displace other workers. After 90 consecutive days of employment or the employee reaches 20 years of age, whichever comes first, the employee must receive the current federal minimumwage or the state minimum wage, whichever is higher. There are programs requiring federal certification that allow for payment of less than the full federal minimum wage, but those programs are not limited to the employment of young workers.
Myth: Small business owners can't afford to pay their workers more, and therefore don't support an increase in the minimum wage.
Not true: A recent survey conducted for the Small Business Majority found that more than two-thirds of small business owners support increasing the current federal minimum wage, and adjusting it yearly to keep pace with inflation as President Obama has proposed. The survey also found that 85 percent of the poll respondents already pay all of their workers more than the current federal minimum wage.
Myth: The minimum wage stays the same if Congress doesn't change it.
False: While it is technically accurate to say that employers have been required to pay the current federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour since 2009, as the department's former chief economist, Betsey Stevenson, recently explained in The Washington Post, that wage isn't the same today as it was four years ago. "Congress sets the minimum wage in nominal dollars, so it doesn't keep pace with inflation. Because the cost of living is always rising, the value of a new minimum wage begins to fall from the moment it is set," she wrote. "In fact, today's minimum wage of $7.25 buys less than the minimum wage did through all of the 1960s, 1970s and much of the 1980s. Although theminimum wage has been raised 22 times since it was established, those increases are needed to restore its inflation-eroded value back to its earlier real level."
Myth: Raising the minimum wage will only benefit teens.
Not true. The typical minimum wage worker is not a high-school student earning weekend pocket money. In fact, less than 20 percent of those who would benefit from a federal minimum wage increase are teenagers, and 60 percent are women. Plus, those workers whowould benefit from a minimum wage increase brought home 46 percent of their household's wage and salary income in 2011.
Myth: Raising the federal minimum wage won't benefit workers in states where the hourly minimum rate is already higher than the federal minimum.
Not true. Only 19 states and the District of Columbia have a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum, meaning a majority of states have an hourly minimum rate at or below the federal minimum. According to an analysis from the White House Council of Economic Advisors, increasing the federal minimum wage will boost the earnings for some 15 million low-wage workers nationwide. That includes workers in those states already earning above the current federal minimum. Raising the federal minimum wage is an important piece of our overall economic recovery. A raise for minimum wage earners will put more money in more families' pockets, which will be spent on goods and services, stimulating economic growth locally and nationally.
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http://www.dol.gov/minwage/mythbuster.htm
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MYTH: Increasing The Minimum Wage Irrefutably Kills Jobs
Stephen Moore: Minimum Wage Hike "The Worst Idea Of All" In President's Speech, Because Unemployment Is Already High. Appearing on the February 13 edition of Fox News' Your World with Neil Cavuto, Wall Street Journal editorial board member
Stephen Moore said:
You didn't even mention the worst idea of all, which is raising the minimum wage when we already have an effective-- we have a 14 percent unemployment rate in this country. [Fox News, Your World with Neil Cavuto, 2/13/13]
The Washington Times: "Mandated Minimum Wage Hikes Often Lead To Massive Job Loss." From The Washington Times: "President Obama's push to hike the minimum wage from $7.25 per hour to $9 per hour may sound good to minimum wage
earners, but business owners and economic analysts aren't applauding. History shows that mandated minimum wage hikes often lead to massive job loss." [The Washington Times,2/13/13]
Karl Rove: "Raising The Minimum Wage To $9 An Hour Would Actually Cost Jobs." In his Wall Street Journal column the day after the State of the Union address, Rove wrote: "Nevertheless, the president's suggestions won't spur job creation and economic
growth. His proposals were liberal, stale, unfocused and often counterproductive. For example, raising the minimum wage to $9 an hour would actually cost jobs." [The Wall Street Journal, 2/13/13]
See the facts from Harvard, Princeton and Berkeley Economist that say otherwise
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GFACT: Numerous Studies Suggest Minimum Wage Increases Don't Kill Jobs, And May Even Increase Hiring
CEPR: Hiring Response To Minimum Wage Hikes "More Likely To Be Positive Than Negative." In a March 2011 report, the Center for Economic and Policy Research concluded that wage increases are more likely to result in more, rather than fewer, jobs:
Our estimated employment responses generally cluster near zero, and are more likely to be positive than negative. Few of our point estimates are precise enough to rule out either positive or negative employment effects, but statistically significant positive employment responses
outnumber statistically significant negative elasticities. [Center for Economic and Policy Research, March 2011]
CEPR: No "Discernible Impact" On Current Minimum-Wage Workforce From Increases. In a March 2011 report, the Center for Economic and Policy Research found that raising the minimum wage has no "discernible impact" on employment:
"The results for fast food, food services, retail, and low-wage establishments in San Francisco and Santa Fe support the view that a citywide minimum wages can raise the earnings of low-wage workers, without a discernible impact on their employment. Moreover, the lack of an employment response held for three full years after the implementation of the measures, allaying concerns that the shorter time periods
examined in some of the earlier research on the minimum wage was not long enough to capture the true disemployment effects." [Center for Economic and Policy Research, March 2011]
Multiple Studies Found Either No Effect On Employment Or An Increase In Employment Resulting From Minimum Wage Increases. From the Center for American Progress:
University of California, Berkeley, economist David Card and Princeton economist Alan Krueger's seminal study of the
effect of the New Jersey 1992 minimum wage increase comparing fast food industry employment in New Jersey and Pennsylvania found no negative employment effect. In fact, it found stronger employment growth in New Jersey. While there was no national recession at the time,
New Jersey's unemployment rate was 8.7 percent in parts of 1992.
Similarly, Lawrence F. Katz, a Harvard economist, and Alan Krueger studied fast food employment in Texas from 1990 to 1991 and
found that employment slightly increased when the minimum wage was raised. The study included a 1990 minimum wage increase that occurred just before the 1990-1991 recession and a second increase that occurred just after the recession officially ended.
Moreover, David Card's study of the impacts on teen employment of the 1990 federal minimum wage increase using state-level data found no effect on teen employment. Most of the time period he studied included the 1990-1991 recession. [Center for American Progress Action
Fund, 6/7/11]
Researchers Found "No Employment Effects Of Minimum Wage Increases" In Adjacent Counties In Neighbor States With Differing Minimum Wages. In a 2010 peer-reviewed article, UC-Berkeley's Arindrajit Dube, T. William Lester, and Michael Reich found that higher minimum wages
did not hurt employment in the restaurant industry, and argued that their results were likely to hold up in other employment sectors:
In this paper, we use a local identification strategy that takes advantage of all minimum wage differences between pairs of contiguous counties.
For cross-state contiguous counties, we find strong earnings effects and no employment effects of minimum wage increases.
This result suggests that minimum wage increases do raise the overall earnings at these jobs, although there may be differential effects by demographic groups due to labor-labor substitution.
This evidence suggests that our findings are relevant beyond the restaurant industry." [Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, UC Berkeley, 11/30/10, via eScholarship.org]
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FACT: Research Suggests Minimum Wage Increases Do Not Hurt Teen Employment
Economic Policy Institute: "The Warnings Of Massive Teen Job Loss Due To Minimum Wage Increases Simply Do Not Comport With The Evidence." In a November 25, 2009, post, the Economic Policy Institute found that teen employment is affected more by broad economic trends, like a recession, rather than changes in the minimum wage:
This observation is consistent with what careful empirical studies have found. While it is true that there is some disagreement among economists about whether increasing the minimum wage increases or decreases employment, there is a consensus on the essential point: the impact of a minimum wage raise on jobs, whether positive or negative, is small. The warnings of massive teen job loss due to minimum wage increases simply do not comport with the evidence. [Economic Policy Institute, 11/25/09]
University Of California: Minimum Wage Has Nothing "But Very Small Disemployment Effects" On Teen Employment. A June 2010 report by University of California-Berkeley's Institute for Research on Labor and Employment (IRLE) studying the effects of minimum wage increases on teen employment using a broad array of control variables found:
Including controls for long-term growth differences among states and for heterogeneous economic shocks renders the employment and hours elasticities indistinguishable from zero and rules out any but very small disemployment effects. Dynamic evidence further shows the nature of bias in traditional estimates, and it also rules out all but very small negativelong-run effects. [Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, UC Berkeley, 6/21/10]
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MYTH: Minimum Wage Hikes Hurt Small Businesses
Gretchen Carlson: Raising Minimum Wage May Be "Bad For Small Businesses." On the February 13 edition of Fox & Friends, co-host Gretchen Carlson claimed "[Obama] also wants to increase minimum wage, and of course, that would be great for people who are working at those jobs, but possibly bad for
small businesses who have to pay higher wages." [Fox News, Fox & Friends, 2/13/13, via Media Matters]
Andrea Tantaros: Increasing The Minimum Wage "Would Crush Businesses." On the February 13 edition of Fox News' The Five, co-hosts Eric Bolling and Andrea Tantaros had the following exchange:
BOLLING: Andrea, let me ask you about this: The minimum wage, $9 an hour, he wants a 24 percent increase in the minimum wage.
TANTAROS: Which would crush businesses. [Fox News, The Five, 2/13/13]
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FACT: Many Studies Find Minimum Wage Increases Do Not Harm Small Businesses
Center For American Progress: Data Show States With Increased Minimum Wage Had Higher Small Business Job Growth. A 2006 joint study by the Center for American Progress and Policy Matters Ohio compared small business performance between states using the federal minimum wage and states that had
a higher minimum wage, and found that employment in small businesses grew more in states with a higher minimum wage. [Center for American Progress, May 2006]
Fiscal Policy Institute: "Indicators Of Economic Performance Were Consistently Better" In Higher Minimum Wage States For Small Business Job Growth. According to the Fiscal Policy Institute:
In examining state-level small business job growth, the best government data available permits a comparison of 1998 and 2003; the latter is the most recent year for which the data are available. For the 10 states and the District of Columbia that had set their minimum wages above the federal level for most of this period, indicators of economic performance were consistently better than for the other 40 states where the federal minimum wage of $5.15 an hour
prevailed. [Fiscal Policy Institute, 3/30/06]
NYTimes: Small Business Owners In A State With Higher Minimum Wage "Have Prospered Far Beyond Their Expectations." According to The New York Times:
Just eight miles separate this town on the Washington side of the state border from Post Falls on the Idaho side. But the towns are nearly $3 an hour apart in the required minimum wage. Washington pays the highest in the nation, just under $8 an hour, and Idaho has among the lowest, matching 21 states that
have not raised the hourly wage beyond the federal minimum of $5.15.
Nearly a decade ago, when voters in Washington approved a measure that would give the state's lowest-paid workers a raise nearly every year, many business leaders predicted that small towns on this side of the state line would suffer.
But instead of shriveling up, small-business owners in Washington say they have prospered far beyond their expectations. In fact, as a significant increase in the national minimum wage heads toward law, businesses here at the dividing line between two economies -- a real-life laboratory for the debate -- have
found that raising prices to compensate for higher wages does not necessarily lead to losses in jobs and profits.
Idaho teenagers cross the state line to work in fast-food restaurants in Washington, where the minimum wage is 54 percent higher. That has forced businesses in Idaho to raise their wages to compete.
Business owners say they have had to increase prices somewhat to keep up. But both states are among the nation's leaders in the growth of jobs and personal income, suggesting that an increase in the minimum wage has not hurt the overall economy.
"We're paying the highest wage we've ever had to pay, and our business is still up more than 11 percent over last year," said Tom Singleton, who manages a Papa Murphy's takeout pizza store here, with 13 employees. [The New York Times, 1/11/07]
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FACT: Many Studies Find Minimum Wage Increases Do Not Harm Small Businesses
Center For American Progress: Data Show States With Increased Minimum Wage Had Higher Small Business Job Growth. A 2006 joint study by the Center for American Progress and Policy Matters Ohio compared small business performance between states using the federal minimum wage and states that had
a higher minimum wage, and found that employment in small businesses grew more in states with a higher minimum wage. [Center for American Progress, May 2006]
Fiscal Policy Institute: "Indicators Of Economic Performance Were Consistently Better" In Higher Minimum Wage States For Small Business Job Growth. According to the Fiscal Policy Institute:
In examining state-level small business job growth, the best government data available permits a comparison of 1998 and 2003; the latter is the most recent year for which the data are available. For the 10 states and the District of Columbia that had set their minimum wages above the federal level for most of this period, indicators of economic performance were consistently better than for the other 40 states where the federal minimum wage of $5.15 an hour
prevailed. [Fiscal Policy Institute, 3/30/06]
NYTimes: Small Business Owners In A State With Higher Minimum Wage "Have Prospered Far Beyond Their Expectations." According to The New York Times:
Just eight miles separate this town on the Washington side of the state border from Post Falls on the Idaho side. But the towns are nearly $3 an hour apart in the required minimum wage. Washington pays the highest in the nation, just under $8 an hour, and Idaho has among the lowest, matching 21 states that
have not raised the hourly wage beyond the federal minimum of $5.15.
Nearly a decade ago, when voters in Washington approved a measure that would give the state's lowest-paid workers a raise nearly every year, many business leaders predicted that small towns on this side of the state line would suffer.
But instead of shriveling up, small-business owners in Washington say they have prospered far beyond their expectations. In fact, as a significant increase in the national minimum wage heads toward law, businesses here at the dividing line between two economies -- a real-life laboratory for the debate -- have
found that raising prices to compensate for higher wages does not necessarily lead to losses in jobs and profits.
Idaho teenagers cross the state line to work in fast-food restaurants in Washington, where the minimum wage is 54 percent higher. That has forced businesses in Idaho to raise their wages to compete.
Business owners say they have had to increase prices somewhat to keep up. But both states are among the nation's leaders in the growth of jobs and personal income, suggesting that an increase in the minimum wage has not hurt the overall economy.
"We're paying the highest wage we've ever had to pay, and our business is still up more than 11 percent over last year," said Tom Singleton, who manages a Papa Murphy's takeout pizza store here, with 13 employees. [The New York Times, 1/11/07]
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MYTH: We've Already Raised The Minimum Wage Enough
Nicole Petallides: The Minimum Wage "Really Has Grown Exponentially" In Recent Years. On the February 14 edition of Fox & Friends, Fox Business correspondent Nicole Petallides said:
As you continue to raise the minimum wage, which was $5.15 back in 2007, so it really has grown exponentially, we've had on on the Fox Business Network, small business owners, franchise owners, who talk about the fact that (a) they just won't be hiring as much, (b) that if they have to go from $7.25 up to nine
bucks, then the nine-dollar employees are gonna say hey, how come this inexperienced young worker is making what I'm making and I want a raise, too. [Fox News, Fox & Friends, 2/14/13]
Elizabeth MacDonald: The Minimum Wage Jumped 41 Percent In Three Years From 2007 To 2009. In her FoxBusiness.com column, network correspondent Elizabeth MacDonald wrote:
For the 10-year period from 1997 to 2007, the minimum wage was $5.15 per hour. Congress raised it to $5.85 in 2007, then again to $6.55 in 2008 and finally to $7.25 in 2009. That means over that three-year span, businesses who rely on minimum-wage workers saw their labor costs jump 41%, right as the
economic crackup began. [FoxBusiness.com, 2/13/13]
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FACT: Minimum Wage Growth Has Lagged Inflation, Leaving Minimum Wage Earners With Far Less Purchasing Power Today Than Previous Decades
Despite Tripling In Nominal Value, The Federal Minimum Wage Has Actually Fallen 20 Percent In Real, Inflation-Adjusted Terms. From Bloomberg:
Workers in the U.S. earning the minimum wage are worse off now than they were four decades ago.
The CHART OF THE DAY shows that after adjusting for inflation, the federal minimum wage dropped 20 percent from 1967 to 2010, even as the nominal figure climbed to $7.25 an hour from $1.40, a 418 percent gain.
[Bloomberg, 12/28/11]
Prior To Increases Beginning In 2007, Minimum Wage Had Lost Over 40 Percent Of Its Purchasing Power. From Bloomberg:
The decline would have been worse if not for increases that took place from 2008 through 2010 in how much employers were legally obligated to pay. Combined with more stable consumer prices, those adjustments helped trim the reduction in earnings from 41 percent at the end of 2007, following a
decade of no change in minimum pay. [Bloomberg, 12/28/11]
If The Minimum Wage Reflected Increases In Worker Productivity, It Would Be Nearly $22 Per Hour.Citing a study done by the Center for Economic and Policy Research, The Huffington Post explained that the current minimum wage lags far behind what it should be after accounting for productivity increases.
From The Huffington Post:
The minimum wage should have reached $21.72 an hour in 2012 if it kept up with increases in worker productivity, according to a March study by the Center for Economic and Policy Research. While advancements in technology have increased the amount of goods and services that can be produced in a
set amount of time, wages have remained relatively flat, the study points out. [The Huffington Post, 2/13/13]
Working 40 Hours Per Week At An Hourly Rate Of $10.65, A Single Parent With Three Dependents Would Still Be Below The Poverty Line. A September 2011 CNNMoney article noted that even if the minimum wage were above President Obama's proposed $9 an hour rate, it would fail to lift families out of
poverty. From CNNMoney:
About 20% of American adults who have jobs are earning only $10.65 an hour or less, according to [economics professor Paul] Osterman's analysis. Even at 40 hours a week, that amounts to less than $22,314, the poverty level for a family of four. The federal minimum wage currently stands at $7.25 an hour (18
states set their own rates above the federal level, maxing out at $8.67 an hour in Washington State). But increases have not kept up with inflation. When adjusted for inflation, the highest federal minimum wage was in 1968, when it was the equivalent of $10.38 in today's dollars. [CNNMoney, 9/27/11]
Full-Time Employment At Present Federal Minimum Wage Would Not Keep A Single-Income Family Of Four Out Of Poverty. From the University of California at Davis' Center for Poverty Research:
The current federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. If a minimum wage worker is employed full-time (forty hours per week for 52 weeks), that worker would earn $15,080 annually.
In 2011, the poverty threshold for a single individual was $11,702 and the poverty threshold for a family of 4 with two children under 18 was $22,881.
Thus, a single full-time minimum wage worker has an income above the poverty threshold but if a full-time minimum wage worker is the sole source of income in a family of four, that family's income is only 66% of the amount required to meet its basic needs. [Center for Poverty Research UC Davis,
accessed 2/14/13, emphasis in original]
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MYTH: No One Expects To Live Off The Minimum Wage, It's Just For Teenagers
Stuart Varney: "We're Not Expecting People To Live On That. That's Not What The Minimum Wage Is For, For Heaven's Sake." From the February 13 edition of Fox Business' Varney & Company:
SCOTT PAGE (CEO, The Lifeline Program): No one making $9 an hour, that's $18,000 a year, how do you expect people to live right now on $14,000 a year with one child...?
STUART VARNEY (Host): You don't expect people to live -- We're not expecting people to live on that. That's not what the minimum wage is for, for heaven's sake. It's for people fresh out of high school getting their very very first job, it's not for guys in their forties and fifties. It's not for them. [Fox
Business, Varney & Company, 2/13/13]
The Washington Free Beacon: "Majority Of Minimum Wage Earners" Are Teenagers. From an article inThe Washington Free Beacon arguing against an increase in the minimum wage:
However, those 19 states boast some of the highest unemployment rates in the nation, especially among the teenagers who make up the majority of minimum wage earners. [The Washington Free Beacon, 2/14/13]
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FACT: Half Of Minimum Wage Earners Are 25 Or Older, Representing Millions Of Adult Workers
Most Minimum Wage Earners Are Adults, Not Teenagers. A December 26, 2010, (Eugene, OR) Register-Guard op-ed noted that the vast majority of those earning minimum wage are over the age of 20:
Even the claim that the minimum wage only affects teenagers looking for pocket change does not hold up. Most minimum wage earners are adults, many of whom support families on this income. Nationwide, three-quarters of minimum wage earners are 20 or older. [The Register-Guard, 12/26/10]
Economic Policy Institute: "Perception Of Minimum-Wage Workers As Primarily Teenagers" Is Unsupported By Facts. In a report on a prospective increase in the federal minimum wage to $9.80/hour in 2014, EPI found that 87.9 percent of the workers affected nationwide are age 20 or older:
Minimum-wage workers are older and, as discussed later, have greater family responsibilities than commonly portrayed. The facts do not support the perception of minimum-wage workers as primarily teenagers working for spending money (though even if true, it would not justify paying teens
subpoverty wages).
Instead, as seen in Figure C, 87.9 percent of workers who would be affected by increasing the federal minimum wage to $9.80 are at least 20 years old. This share varies from a low of 77.1 percent in Massachusetts to 92.4 percent in Florida (and 93.9 percent in the District of Columbia). Thus, in every state, more
than three-fourths of workers who would be affected are at least 20 years old.[Economic Policy Institute, 8/14/12]
Bureau Of Labor Statistics: 50.5 Percent Of Minimum Wage Earners In 2011 Were 25 Years And Over In Age. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 2011, just over half of all workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage were aged 25 and above, representing 1,933,000 people. [BLS.gov,
accessed 2/14/13]
FACT: Less Than A Quarter Of Minimum Wage Earners Are Younger Than 20
BLS: 16-To-19-Year-Olds Represent Less Than One Quarter Of Those Working At Or Below The Federal Minimum Wage Since 2007. Below is a table based on Bureau of Labor Statistics data on the demographic breakdown of workers earning the federal minimum wage or below, showing that workers younger than 20 years old have comprised less than a quarter of all such workers from 2007 to the present, and were between 25 and 30 percent of all such workers in prior years.