Case Study PVNS-Final Draft

7/23/2019 Case Study PVNS-Final Draft

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DNY]EI[CYDEN

F cfsk stuiy ds f `kfrndnj preckss tlft rkqudrks f cehprklknsdvk fnf`ysds

eb f ckrtfdn cfsk, idskfsk, d``nkss er cenidtden. Ylds fnf`ysds nkkis fccurfcy, fsystkhftdc, erjfndzki fni dntkjrftki stuiy cenckrndnj f idskfsk, d``nkss, ercenidtden. Ylds `kfrndnj preckss dncùiks ce``kctden eb iftf, fnf`yzdnj tlkdnberhftden jftlkrki, fni prkskntftden eb tlk rksu`ts. Fs f rksu`t eb tlds preckiurk,tlk rkskfrclkrs tlkn wd`` anew wly ckrtfdn kvknts lfvk eccurrki, fni lfvk fc`kfrkr unikrstfnidnj eb tlk cfsk unikr stuiy. Ylk rksu`ts eb tlk stuiy hfy tlknmk uski fs buturk rkbkrkncks ber burtlkr stuidks tlft wd`` mk ceniuctki my etlkrrkskfrclkrs.

Ylds systkhftdc fni cehprklknsdvk iftf jftlkrdnj prkskntftden dhpfrtsidbbkrknt pfrts ber tlk tlereujl kxpèrftden fni fnf`ysds eb tlk cfsk. Ylds dncùiksf mrdkb ldstery eb tlk cfsk, evkrvdkw eb tlk structurks eb metl tlk nerhf` fni

fmnerhf` fnftehy eb tlk cenidtden unikr stuiy, emokctdvks er jef`s eb tlkrkskfrclkrs, fssksshknt, iruj stuiy, nursdnj cfrk p`fns, fs wk`` fs tlk kvfùftdeneb tlk kntdrk preckss.

Ylk cfsk tlft eur jreup ds cenbrentki wdtl ds djhkntki !d` eneiu`fr"ynevdtds er cehhen`y anewn fs #!". #!" ds f oednt idskfsk tlft usuf``yfbb`dcts tlk ankk. $t jknkrf``y fppkfrs dn kdtlkr f ècf`dzki er wdiksprkfi berh, metleb wldcl frk clfrfctkrdzki my evkrjrewtl eb tlk oednts `dndnj tdssuk %synevduh&,wlkrkdn jress pftleèjdc bkfturks dncùik tlk oednt `dndnj tdssuk mkcehks tldca fnievkrjrewn fni fccuhu`ftks f rust'ceèrki, dren pdjhknt anewn fs lkhesdikrdn.Ylkrk ds ne kbbkctdvk nen'surjdcf` trkfthknt, fni dn hfny cfsks tlkrk frk spkcdbdc`dhdtftdens fni irfwmfcas te currknt`y fvfd`fm`k surjdcf` trkfthknt hktleis. !#"eb tlk ankk cfn mk f idbbdcu`t prem`kh tlft rkqudrks metl ankk spkcdf`ty cfrk fnikxck``knt frtlrescepdc surjdcf` tkclndquk te hfnfjk eptdhf``y. (ewkvkr, tlkcehhen hdscenckptden eb !#" ds tlft dt ds ebtkn idfjneski fs Yumkrcuèsds ebtlk )enk. $n ld dppdnk skttdnj, *+ eb -d dpdnes frk suspkctki eb lfvdnjtumkrcuèsds, fni Y) eb tlk menk ds cehhen te -d`dpdne cldìrkn.

$n Y) eb tlk menk, spkcdbdcf``y eb tlk ankk oednts, tlk `ksden dn tlk ankk cfnf`se mk synevdf`, esskeus, dnve`vdnj tlk frtdcu`fr surbfck fni kxtrf' frtdcu`fresskeus becus. $t ds cfuski my f mfctkrdf` dnbkctden. Ylk ankk ds tlk enk p`fckwlkrk dn f jeei pkrckntfjk eb cfsks, tlk `ksden stfrts fni rkhfdns purk`ysynevdf`. Ylk dnbkctden tlkn sprkfis breh tlk synevduh fs f pfnnus evkr tlk

frtdcu`fr cfrtd`fjk fni ikstreys dt. Ylk enskt ds dnsdideus. Ylk pftdknt prksknts wdtlpfdn fni swk``dnj dn tlk ankk fni tlkrk ds f`se synevdf` tldcakndnj. evkhkntsk`dcdt hfraki spfsh eb tlk husc`ks fni tlkrk ds pfdnbu` `dhdtftden eb metl b`kxdenfni kxtknsden.

/ur pftdknt, dstkr eeiy, breh 7fhmefnjf "dmujfy revdnck, f 6= ykfreì hf`k, cfhk dn `fst 3unk =9, =;;2 wdtl tlk cehp`fdnts eb peppdnj pfdn en tlkscf`k eb 6 : 6; wdtl 6; fs tlk hest pfdnbu`, tlk pftdknt rftki tlk pfdn fs


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hevk fni wfà prepkr`y. Fs f rksu`t, lds hetlkr ikcdiki te mrdnj ldh te7fhmefnjf 8dty fni mk fihdttki ft 7fhmefnjf 8dty kidcf` 8kntkr ber hkidcf`fttkntden. >lkn lk wfs fihdttki te tlk lespdtf`, lds idbbkrkntdf` idfjnesds jdvkn mytlk fttknidnj plysdcdfn wfs te censdikr Y) eb tlk menk. (k wfs dhhkidftk`y jdvknfntdtumkrcuèsds irujs sucl fs 5dbfhpdcdn, $sendfzdi fni yrfzdnfhdik. )ut fbtkrburtlkr stuidks, tlreujl tlk surjdcf` epkrftden pkrberhki en 3u`y ;9, =;;2,

ikmrdikhknt, tlk plysdcdfn dikntdbdki hfssks dn tlk synevduh fni tlkrk, brentf`synevkctehy wfs sdhu`tfnkeus`y ienk. Gkmrdikhknt ds tlk rkhevf` eb fmnerhf`tdssuks te kxpesk tlk unfbbkctki tdssuk te prehetk lkf`dnj, fni synevkctehy,wldcl sdhp`y hkfns rkhevf` eb tlk dntkrnf` oednt dndnj hkhmrfnk. -reh tlft pednt,tlk plysdcdfn wfs ckrtfdn tlft dt wfs net Y) eb tlk menk, nenktlk`kss lk nkkis telfvk f tkst te iktkrhdnk tlk unikr`ydnj cenidtden, fni se mdepsy wfs censdikrkilfvdnj tlk synevduh fs tlk spkcdhkn. Ylk mdepsy rkpert wfs bdnf`dzki en 3u`y =9,=;;2, lewkvkr, ft tlds pednt dn tdhk, tlk pftdknt wfs f`rkfiy idsclfrjki breh tlklespdtf`. Ylk iftk eb idsclfrjk wfs en 3u`y 6?, =;;2. Ylk mdepsy cencùiki tlftlds cenidtden wfs net Y) eb tlk menk, dnstkfi dt wfs djhkntki !d èneiu`fr"ynevdtds %!#"&. (fvdnj tlk bdnf` idfjnesds, lds prkvdeus hkidcftdens wkrk

steppki.

pen dntkrvdkw wdtl tlk plysdcdfn, lk stftki tlft dn tlk ld`dppdnk skt'up,wlkn sdtuftdens `dak tlds frdsk, dt ceuì en`y sdjnf` twe pessdm`k cenidtdens. $b tlkrkds f se`di fni lfri hfss, dt ds censdikrki fs f tuher, mut db dt ds sebt fni ieujlyupen pf`pftden, dt ceuì pessdm`y mk Y) eb tlk menk wldcl ds cehhen fhenj-d`dpdne cldìrkn. (ewkvkr, dn eur cfsk, tlk mdepsy lfs prevkn tlft dt ds dnikki!#" mkcfusk tlkrk ds f prem`kh wdtl tlk kxclfnjk eb nutrdknts dn tlk synevduhun`dak dn Y) eb tlk menk, wldcl lfs f mfctkrdf` dnbkctden.

(fvdnj mkkn fssdjnki dn tlk 8kntkr eb >k``nkss, um`dc (kf`tl ndt eb7fhmefnjf 8dty kidcf` 8kntkr breh 3u`y 6;'6= te 3u`y 69'6*, =;;2, wk wkrk

fm`k te lfni`k dstkr eeiy tlreujl eur hdcrelkf`tl tkfcldnjs. >k f`se rknikrkipest'epkrftdvk cfrk ber lds `fst tlrkk ifys dn tlk lespdtf`, fni centdnuki eur cfrkiurdnj eur lehk vdsdts.

Ydhk`dnk?

=

>lkn lk wfs ? yrs. eì, lk bk`` dnte fshf`` le`k dnsdik tlkdr leusk wdtl ldsrdjlt ankk.

fdn fni swk``dnj eb tlk rdjlt ankkwfs kvdiknt, lewkvkr tlk pfdn wfste`krfm`k fni wfs rk`dkvki tlreujlfn fpp`dcftden eb fn /hkjf pfdnad``kr fni ldèt

Ylk swk``dnj rkcurs f`hest kvkryykfr, fni ykt sumsdiks fbtkr bkwwkkas. Ylky skka fjfdn tlk lk`peb f ldèt, fni sehklew pfdn wfsrk`dkvki.

Ft tlk fjk eb 6;, tlk pfdn rkcurs, wdtl rkinkssfni kikhf dn lds ankk. (ds ankk wfs x'rfyki,fni wfs jdvkn fn fntdmdetdc. Ylky wkrk fivdskiber f hkidcf` epkrftden, lewkvkr, iuk tebdnfncdf` censtrfdnts, tlky wkrk unfm`k te iese. Fjfdn, tlky skka tlk lk`p eb f ldèt dn tlkdrp`fck.

Ft tlk fjk eb 6=, twe wkkas prder te fihdssden,3unk 6=, =;;2, tlk swk``dnj dn lds rdjlt ankkmkcfhk wersk wdtl pfdn bk`t ft tlk rftk eb


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$n tlk ceursk eb tlds stuiy, tlk jreup fdhs te fcldkvk tlk be`èwdnjM

8eniuct f tlereujl fni dntkjrftki stuiy fni rkskfrcl en djhkntki

!d`èneiu`fr "ynevdtds %!#"&.

$ikntdby tlk idbbkrknck fni sdjndbdcfnt cehpfrdsen mktwkkn tlk nerhf` fnifmnerhf` fnftehy eb tlk frkf dnve`vki.

Fccurftk`y iktkrhdnk tlk pftleplysdeèjy eb tlk idskfsk cenidtden.

8errkct`y dikntdby tlk cfusftdvkCprkidspesdnj bfcters eb djhkntki

!d`èneiu`fr "ynevdtds.

Gdstdnjudsl tlk c`dndcf` hfndbkstftdens, sdjns fni syhptehs, rdsa bfcters,

fni pessdm`k cehp`dcftdens eb tlk cenidtden, fs wk`` fs netk tlk cehp`fdntskxpkrdkncki my tlk pftdknt.

Istfm`dsl rfppert wdtl tlk pftdknt fni lds sdjndbdcfnt etlkrs te crkftk f jeei

nursk'pftdknt dntkrfctden tlreujl tlk utd dzftden eb tlk tlkrfpkutdctkclndquks eb cehhundcftden.

Fssecdftk tlk pfst fni prksknt hkidcf` ldstery eb tlk pftdknt fppreprdftk`y.

krberh ckplfè'cfuif` fssksshknt eb tlk pftdknt cerrkct`y.

rksknt 4erien0s 66 bunctdenf` lkf tl pfttkrns systkhftdcf` y fni

cehprklknsdvk`y.

-erhu`ftk f iruj stuiy en tlk hkidcftdens jdvkn te tlk pftdknt.

$ntkrprkt tlk `fmerftery rksu`ts eb tlk `fmerftery tkst unikrjenk my tlk

pftdknt cerrkct`y.

-erhu`ftk tlk nursdnj cfrk p`fns ber tlk pftdknt tlereujl`y fni

cehprklknsdvk`y, dikntdby pessdm`k dntkrvkntdens ber tlk idskfsk cenidtden.

$hp`khknt tlk nkckssfry fni sudtfm`k nursdnj dntkrvkntdens ber tlk

cenidtden eb tlk pftdknt fppreprdftk`y.

Ivfùftden eb tlk kntdrk preckss, tlk kbbkctdvknkss eb tlk dntkrvkntdens

dhp`khkntki fni lew wk`` idi tlk jreup centrdmutk te tlk f``kvdftden eb tlkpftdknt0s cenidtden.

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FNFYEHT FNI WLTSDE@EJT EB YLK ANKK FNISTNERDF@ OEDNY

FNFYEHT EB YLK ANKK

Ylk luhfn ankk oednt ds tlk frtdcu`ftden eb tlrkk menksM tlk bkhur %d.k., tldjlmenk&, pftk``f %d.k., ankkcfp&, fni tdmdf %d.k., sldnmenk&. Ylk frtdcu`ftden eb tlktlrkk menks %d.k., tlk tdmdebkherf` fni pftk`èbkherf` oednts& berhs tlk ankk oednt,wldcl ds kncèski my f bdmreus oednt cfpsu`k, `dnki my f synevdf` hkhmrfnk. Ylksynevdf` hkhmrfnk kncfpsu`ftks tlk oednt cfvdty fni kxcrktks synevdf` bùdi, wldclùmrdcftks tlk oednt. Ylk knis eb tlk frtdcu`ftdnj menks frk cevkrki my frtdcu`frcfrtd`fjk tlft fcts te cuslden, idstrdmutk èfi, fni, fènj wdtl tlk synevdf` bùdi,rkiucks brdctden dn tlk oednt.

$n tlk ankk, tlk idstf` kni eb tlk bkhur lfs f curvki frtdcu`fr surbfck tlft dsslfpki sehkwlft `dak f KlerskslekB wdtl tlk mkni eb tlk KlerskslekB dn tlk brenteb tlk bkhur %-djurk=&. Ylk twe knis eb tlk bkhur kxtkni mfcawfri, fni frk cf``kitlk hkidf` fni `ftkrf` ceniy`ks. Ylksk surbfcks frtdcu`ftk wdtl tlk hkidf` fni`ftkrf` tdmdf` ceniy`ks, berhdnj tlk tdmdebkherf` oednt, wldcl b`kxks fni kxtknis tlkankk. Ywe bdmrecfrtd`fjkneus idscs %d.k., hkndscd& `dk mktwkkn tlk tdmdf` fni bkherf`ceniy`ks te cehpknsftk ber tlk dncenjruknck eb tlk frtdcu`ftdnj menks. )kcfusk,tlk idstf` kni eb tlk bkhur ds curvki fni fsyhhktrdc dn slfpk, tlk ankk oednt neten`y b`kxks fni kxtknis `dak f ldnjk, mut dt f`se s`diks fni retftks iurdnj b`kxden.

9

Bdjurk ! Br"n#$` %dk& "' #(k)nkk *"dn# +("&n dn

k,#kn+d"n $n- '`k,d"n!N"#d.k #(k ("r+k+("k +($/k"' #(k $r#d.u`$#dnj 'kh"r$`+ur'$.k!

Bdjurk 7! +("&+#(k $n$#"h6 "'#(k )nkk!


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H"#d"n+ "' #(k Ankk

Fs hkntdenki prkvdeus`y, tlk ankk oednt ieks net pkrberh kxfct`y `dak fldnjk iurdnj b`kxden fni kxtknsden, mut rftlkr tlkrk frk skvkrf` hetdens dnve`vkimktwkkn tlk frtdcu`ftdnj menks. Ylk ankk fctuf``y lfs sdx ikjrkks eb brkkiehM

-`kxdenCkxtknsden %-CI& : re``dnj eb tlk bkhur evkr tlk tdmdf, FntkrderCpestkrder %F& s`didnj : mfca fni bertl s`didnj eb tlk tdmdf,

$ntkrnf`Ckxtkrnf` %d.k., tdmdf`& retftden : retftden eb tlk tdmdf fmeut dts ènj fxds,

FmiuctdenCfiiuctden : retftden eb tlk tdmdf dn tlk brentf` p`fnk,

kidf`C`ftkrf` s`didnj : sdik te sdik s`didnj eb tlk tdmdf, fni

Fxdf` cehprkssden : hevkhknt eb tlk bkhur fni tdmdf dn tlkdr ewn ènj

fxks.

Ylk tlrkk `frjkst fni hest rkcejndzki hevkhknts eb tlk ankk %-CI, Fs`didnj, fni tdmdf` retftden& frk slewn vdsuf``y dn -djurk ?.

Bdjurk =! Sk."n-$r6 h"#d"n+ 3FW +`d-dnj $n- #d9d$` r"#$#d"n; "' #(k )nkk-urdnj k,#kn+d"n '"r #(k .$+k+ "' $ +#$#d"n$r6 #d9d$ 3$; $n- $ +#$#d"n$r6 'khur39;!

FNFYEHT FNI WLTSDE@EJT EB YLK STNERDF@ OEDNY

F oednt ds berhki wlkn twe menks frk mreujlt tejktlkr fni lkì dn p`fck mysuppertdnj tdssuks. 3ednts hfy lfvk `frjk rfnjks eb hevkhknt sucl fs tlksleuìkr fni ldp oednts, er lfvk vkry `dtt`k hevkhknt, sucl fs tlk oednts mktwkkntlk menks dn tlk sau``. Ylk tlrkk cehhen typks eb oednts frk cfrtd`fjdneus, bdmreus,fni synevdf` oednt.

3ednts frk tlk frkfs wlkrk twe er herk menks hkkt. est oednts frk hemd`k,

f`èwdnj tlk menks te hevk. Ylk luhfn meiy lfs 6J? idbbkrknt oednts, cftkjerdzkidnte tlrkk frkfsM

'd,k-%synfrtlresks er bdmreus&

+`dj(#`6 h"%$9`k%fhpldfrtlresks er cfrtd`fjdneus&

(dj(`6 h"%$9`k%idfrtlresks er synevdf`&

;


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(ew ieks f +6n"%d$` *"dn#idbbkr breh etlkr oedntsL F oednt ds sdhp`y wlkrktwe er herk menks hkkt, mut f synevdf` oednt ds ùmrdcftki wdtl f c`kfr mèeip`fshf breh tlk cfpd``frdks fni bd`tkrki tlreujl f hkhmrfnk freuni dt. "ynevdf`

oednts %idfrtlresks& frk tlk hest hevfm`k fni tlk hest cehp`kx oednts dn tlk meiy.Ylky frk beuni dn tlk ldp, ankk, wrdst, sleuìkr fni fna`k oednts. F synevdf` oedntcensdsts ebM

Bdjurk 2! +("&+ $ jknkr$`d:k- +6n"%d$` *"dn# &d#( $ 'd9r"u+ .$/+u`k< +6n"%d$`hkh9r$nk< $n- *"dn# .$%d#6!

F $r#d.u`$r .$r#d`$jk cfps tlk knis eb menks, fmsermdnj slecas wld`k

prevdidnj f s`dca surbfck se tlft tlk menk knis cfn kfsd`y j`dik fcress kfcletlkr iurdnj hevkhknt. $t ds f sheetl, j`dstkndnj, mùdsl'wldtk, jk`' daksumstfnck, cehpeski eb 2


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F *"dn# .$%d#6 3+6n"%d$` .$%d#6;, f spfck berhki my tlk cfpsu`k. $t ds fn

kncèski, bùdi'bd `ki spfck mktwkkn tlk frtdcu`ftdnj surbfcks eb tlk twemenks. Ylds shf`` cfvdty, ebtkn cf``ki tlk *"dn# +/$.k< knfm`ks tlk twemenks te hevk KfjfdnstB enk fnetlkr. Ylk synevdf` cfvdty ds surreuniki mytlk synevdf` hkhmrfnk fni bd` ki wdtl f c`kfr, vdsceus bùdi cf``ki tlksynevdf` bùdi.

S6n"%d$` 'ùd-, ds supkrbd`trftki p`fshf breh mèei vkssk`s dn tlk synevdf`

hkhmrfnk. $t ùmrdcftks tlk oednt surbfcks, neurdslks tlk pfi eb tlk frtdcu`frcfrtd`fjk tlft cevkrs tlk knis eb tlk menks, fni centfdns brkk'bèftdnjsynevdf` ck` s fni vfrdeus `kuaecytks tlft plfjecytesk oednt ikmrds fnihdcreerjfndshs

@dj$hkn#+fttfcl menk te menk fni lk`p te prevdik stfmd`dty. Odjfhknts frk

muni`ks eb strenj ce``fjkneus bdmkrs tlft rkdnberck tlk oednt cfpsu`k fnif`se lk`p dn mdnidnj tlk frtdcu`fr knis eb menks. Ylky frk rk`ftdvk`y dnk`fstdcfni tdjltkn wlkn tlk oednt ds strksski prkvkntdnj kxckss hevkhknt.

Ykn-"n+ fttfcl husc`k te menk, f`èwdnj ber hevkhknt fni fctdnj fs

skcenifry oednt stfmd`dzkrs. Hu+.`k+centrfct te prevdik tlk berck ber hevkhknt fni frk crdtdcf` ber

hucl eb tlk sleca fmserptden freuni f oednt. 4ur+$kfrk shf``, bùdi'bd``ki sfcs pesdtdenki ft strftkjdc pednts te cuslden

`djfhknts fni tkniens, pretkctdnj tlkh fjfdnst brdctden fni wkfr fni tkfr.Ifcl mursf lfs fn dnnkr `dndnj eb synevdf` hkhmrfnk fni centfdns synevdf`bùdi.

YTWKS EB STNERDF@ OEDNYS

Ylkrk frk synevdf` oednts f`` evkr tlk meiy, fni tlky frk c`fssdbdki dnteidbbkrknt typks fcceridnj te tlk slfpk eb tlk fioedndnj frtdcu`fr surbfcks. Ylk sdxtypks eb synevdf` oednts frk tlk j`didnj, sfii`k, ldnjk, pdvet, mf``'fni'secakt, fnik``dpsedi.

7! J`d-dnj 3W`$nk;

F sdhp`k oednt, wdtl net hucl hevkhknt. Ylk oednts mktwkkn tlk vkrtkmrfkf`èw f `dtt`k hevkhknt ft kfcl oednt. Ylk bfct tlft wk lfvk se hfny %kr#k9r$k%fni oednts mktwkkn tlkh& f`èws eur mfca te mkni.

! Ldnjk

F oednt wldcl lfs sdhp`k mfcawfriCberwfri swdnj, `dak f ieer. 8`fssdckxfhp`ks frk tlk k`mew fni tlk /($`$njk+eb tlk lfni.

=! Wd%"#

F oednt wldcl f`èws retftden dn tlk secakt. Ylk ft`fs fni fxds %bdrst fniskceni vkrtkmrfk unikr tlk lkfi& f`èw yeur lkfi te retftk. Ylk berkfrh twdstsfni untwdsts %b`dp yeur lfni mfca fni bertl& mkcfusk eb f pdvet oednt mktwkkn tlkrfidus fni u`nf.

2! 4$``$n-+".)k#

Ylk hest b`kxdm`k oednts fni f`se tlk strenjkst. Ylksk oednts f`èw ber tlk

hest brkkieh dn hevkhknt tlfn fny etlkr oednt. Ylksk f`èw swdnj fni retftdenfni frk vkry stfm`k. Ylk ldp fni tlk sleuìkr frk kxck``knt kxfhp`ks.

1! K``d/+"d-

F vfrdftden en tlk mf``'fni'secakt oednt, tlk k``dpsedi oednt f`èws swdnjdnjfni retftden, mut en`y te f ckrtfdn pednt. Ylk oednts mktwkkn ft tlk mfsk eb tlkbdnjkrs f`èw tlk bdnjkr te swdnj berwfri herk tlfn tlky swdnj mfca. Ylds ds iuk tetlk kjj'slfpki AsecaktA ft tlk anuca`k.

:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/anatomy/jointsrev4.shtml#vertebrae%23vertebraehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/anatomy/jointsrev4.shtml#phalanges%23phalangeshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/anatomy/jointsrev4.shtml#vertebrae%23vertebraehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/anatomy/jointsrev4.shtml#phalanges%23phalanges


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0! S$--`k$n tlds oednt, metl menks lfvk frtdcu`ftdnj cencfvk fni cenvkx rkjdens. /nk

menk bdts tlk cehp`khkntfry surbfck eb tlk etlkr. Ylds pkrhdts f vfrdkty ebhevkhknts, pfrtdcu`fr`y dn twe p`fnks. Ixfhp`ksM 8frpf` fni ktfcfrpf` eb tlkYluhm

HERKHKNY EB STNERDF@ OEDNYS

"ynevdf` oednts frk ikscrdmki fs undfxdf`, mdfxdf`, er hu`tdfxdf` fcceridnj tetlk slfpks eb tlk menk knis fni tlk typk eb hevkhknt eccurrdnj ft tlk oednt.[nd$,d$`hkfns eccurrdnj freuni enk fxds, 9d$,d$`ds eccurrdnj freuni twe fxkssdtuftki ft rdjlt fnj`ks te kfcl etlkr, fni hu`#d$,d$`fs eccurrdnj freuni skvkrf`fxks.

suf``y, enk eb tlk menks ds stfm`k fni skrvks fs fn fxds ber tlk hetden ebtlk etlkr menk. Ylk meiy hevkhknts hfik pessdm`k my vfrdeus synevdf` oednts frkkdtlkr cdrcu`fr er fnju`fr.

Bdjurk 1! S("&+ h"%khkn# $n- #6/k+ "' #(k +6n"%d$` *"dn#!

YLK IDSKFSK


9/59

8($# d+ Wdjhkn#k- Rd``"n"-u`$r S6n"%d#d+>

"ynevdtdsds tlk dnb`fhhftden eb f synevdf` %oednt'`dndnj& hkhmrfnk, usuf``ypfdnbu`, pfrtdcu`fr`y en hetden, fni clfrfctkrdzki my swk``dnj, iuk te kbbusden %bùdice``kctden& dn f synevdf` sfc. /nk cenidtden eb synevdtds ds pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr

synevdtds.djhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds %!#"& ds hest ebtkn f henefrtdcu`fr

idskfsk, fni ds f mkndjn pre`dbkrftdvk idserikr eb unckrtfdn ktdeèjy tlft fbbkctssynevdf` `dnki oednts, mursfk, fni tknien slkftls. Ylk idserikr rksu`ts dn vfrdeusikjrkks eb vd`èus fniCer neiu`fr clfnjks dn tlk fbbkctki structurks. $t ds fnuncehhen idskfsk clfrfctkrdzki my lypkrp`fstdc synevduh, mèeiy kbbusdens fnimenk kresdens. $t jknkrf``y fppkfrs dn kdtlkr f ècf`dzki er wdiksprkfi berh, metleb wldcl frk clfrfctkrdzki my evkrjrewtl eb tlk oednt0s `dndnj tdssuk %synevduh&.

ERK]RDKZ EB STNERDYDS

Synevdtdseccurs wlkn tlk synevduh, wldcl `dnks fni ùmrdcftks tlk ankkoednt, mkcehks dnb`fhki. Ylk cenidtden cfn mk cfuski my rlkuhftedi frtlrdtdserdnoury/trfuhf, mut sehktdhks tlk cfusk ds unanewn. Ylk dnb`fhhftden ds cfuskimy bùdi ce``kctden dn rkspensk te tlk dnoury, wldcl ds enk eb tlk meiys pretkctdenhkclfndshs.

Ylkrk frk synevdf` hkhmrfnks dn tlk ldp, ankk, wrdst, sleuìkr fni fna`koednts, fni synevdtds cfn eccur dn fny eb tlkh, mut tlk ankk ds hest cehhen`yfbbkctki. Idskfsks `dak frtlrdtds cfn `kfi te clrendcsynevdtds, wldcl akkps cehdnjmfca. Dnourdks cfusk fcutksynevdtds, wldcl usuf``y pfssks db tlk oednt ds f`èwki terkst. Db fcutk synevdtds ds djnerki, lewkvkr, dt cfn mkcehk clrendc.

Dn fiidtden te frtlrdtds-rk`ftki fni dnoury-rk`ftki synevdtds, tlkrk frk tweetlkr cehhen typks eb tlk cenidtden?

Yexdc, er trfnsdknt synevdtdscfusks ldp pfdn fni `dhpdnj dn cldìrkn. Dts

cfusk ds unanewn, tleujl dt ebtkn be`èws vdrf` dnbkctdens `dak cldcaknpex. Dtusuf``y idsfppkfrs fs hystkrdeus`y fs dt cfhk fni `kfvks ne `fstdnj prem`khs.

Wdjhkntki Rd`èneiu`fr Synevdtds (WRNS),wldcl usuf``y eccurs dn tlk ankk

mut cfn mk beuni dn etlkr oednts fs wk``, ds hfraki my f rust-ceèrki, drenpdjhknt cf``ki lkhesdikrdn. WRNS ds ebtkn hdsski er hdsidfjneski dn dts kfr`ystfjks, fni trkfthknt usuf``y rkqudrks surjkry.

Ylk synevduh ds f tldn, bd`hy hftkrdf` wldcl berhs f sfc kncèsdnj f brkk`yhevfm`k oednt dn tlk meiy. Dn f lkf`tly oednt, dt ds mfrk`y herk tlfn enk ck`` tldca. Dtweras wdtl cfrtd`fjk te rkiuck brdctden dn tlk ankk. Ylkrk frk twe typks eb ck``s dntlk synevduh. Enk preiucks bùdi te ùmrdcftk tlk oednt, fni tlk etlkr akkps tlk

oednt c`kfn my dnjkstdnj unwfntki hftkrdf`s. Zlkn tlk synevduh mkcehksdnb`fhki, dt preiucks kxckss bùdi, cfusdnj tlk oednt te swk``.

"yhptehs eb synevdtds dncùik swk` dnj wdtl bùdi ce``kctden, tlk oedntfppkfrs swe``kn fni bkk`s pubby er mejjy te tlk teucl. Ylk dncrkfski mèei bèwtlft ds f bkfturk eb tlk dnb`fhhftden hfaks tlk oednt wfrh. Ylk ck``s rk`kfsk

knzyhks dnte tlk oednt spfck wldcl cfusks burtlkr pfdn fni drrdtftden. Ylkrk ds f`sestdbbnkss fni f KpeppdnjB bkk`dnj wlkn tlk oednt ds hevki. $b tlk preckss centdnuksber ykfrs, tlk knzyhks hfy jrfiuf``y idjkst tlk cfrtd`fjk fni menk eb tlk oednt`kfidnj te clrendc pfdn fni ikjknkrftdvk clfnjks %-djurk


10/59

Bdjurk 1! +("&+ #(k +6h/#"h "' +&k` dnj< $n- d' djn"rk- &d ` `k$- #"-k+#r"6k- .$r#d`$jk $n- 9"nk "' #(k *"dn#!

WDJHKNYKI RD@@ENEI[@F] STNERDYDS

$n tlk erdjdnf` ikscrdptden eb tlk idskfsk, tlk tkrh Apdjhkntki vd`èneiu`frsynevdtdsA wfs fpp`dki te f `ksden tlft eccurrki dn tlk synevdf` hkhmrfnk eb oedntsfni tknien slkftls fni wfs clfrfctkrdzki my bdmreus strehf, lkhesdikrdnikpesdtden, ldstdecytdc dnbd`trftk fni jdfnt ck``s.

-drst ikscrdmki dn 6*J6 my 3fbbk, pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds %!#"& dsfn uncehhen idskfsk clfrfctkrdzki my lypkrp`fstdc synevduh, mèeiy kbbusdensfni menk kresdens.

djhkntki !d`èneiu`fr synevdtds ds fn didepftldc vd`èus evkrjrewtl fni

pdjhkntftden eb tlk synevdf` hkhmrfnk eb f sdnj`k oednt. fny nfhks lfvk mkknfpp`dki te tlksk xfntlehfteus `ksdens, wldcl frk clfrfctkrdzki my tlkdr yk`èw eryk` ewdsl mrewn ceèr iuk te ikpesdts eb cle`kstkre` fni lkhesdikrdn.(khesdikrdn ds f yk` ewdsl mrewn jrewtl pdjhknt berhki my mrkfaiewnlkhejèmdn beuni dn plfjecytks fni dn tdssuks kspkcdf``y dn idsturmfnck eb drenhktfme`dsh. "dnck mursfk fni tknien slkftls frk rk`ftki te synevduh dn tlkdrerdjdn, tlky tee frk sdtk eb xfntlehfteus jrewtl.

$n djhkntkivd`èneiu`fr synevdtds, `frjk

oednts frk tlk hest cehhen`y

fbb`dctki, wdtl tlk hestbrkquknt sdtk mkdnj tlk)nkk!

Ylk k#d"`"j6 eb !#" rkhfdns centrevkrsdf` fni f sumokct eb ikmftk.(ewkvkr, tlkrk frk skvkrf` tlkerdks tlft frk mfski en tlk ldsteèjdc fppkfrfnckfni ck`ù`fr cehpenknts eb tlk `ksden. Ylk tlkerdks rkjfridnj cfusk dncùik %6&ècf`dzki `dpdi hktfme`dc ikrfnjkhknt, %=& rkpkftki trfuhftdc er nentrfuhftdcdnb`fhhftden, %?& f mkndjn nkep`fstdc preckss tlft dt hfy ikvkèp fs f rksu`t eb ftuher eb tlk ck``s tlft hfak up tlk synevdf` `dndnj. Fni %J& f rkspensk te mèei er

Bdjurk 0 Y(d+d`ù+#r$#d"n -k/d.#+ #(k)nkk *"dn#5+ +6n"%d$``dndnj hkh9r$nkld k tlds idskfsk preckss ieks dnve`vk fmnerhf` tdssuk jrewtl, dt dsundberh`y 9kndjn fni lfs net mkkn anewn te hktfstfsdzk fs ie hf djnfntjrewtls. !#" cfn mk censdikrki f mkndjn, Ankep`fstdcA %tuher jrewtl& preckss,wdtl sehk vfrdktdks mkdnj herk fjjrkssdvk dn tlkdr jrewtl fni tlus lfrikr te trkft,fni etlkr vfrdktdks mkdnj `kss fjjrkssdvk dn tlkdr jrewtl fni tlus kfsdkr te trkft.!#" tknis te dnvfik ècf` tdssuks, fni f clfrfctkrdstdc bdnidnj ds tlk dnvfsden ebtlk sumclenirf` menk wdtl rksu`tfnt cyst berhftden.

Bdjurk G!Dn#r$"/kr$#d%k /("#"jr$/(+("&dnj .($r$.#krd+#d. (6/kr#r"/(d.

+6n"%duh (frrew)$n- %d``"n"-u`$r'r"n-+ dn /djhkn#k- %d``"n"-u`$r+6n"%d#d+!

Ylk evkrjrewtl eb tlk oednt `dndnj tdssuk cfn eccur -d''u+k`6tlreujleut foednt my wfy eb f jknkrf`dzki tldcakndnj eb tlk kntdrk `dndnj hkhmrfnk, er f`".$`d:k-frkf eb synevdf` hkhmrfnk cfn evkrjrew fni berh f idscrktk neiu`k

66

Bdjurk !Jr"++ +/k.dhkn $'#kr #"#$`+6n"%k.#"h6!


12/59

%tdssuk hfss& tlft rkhfdns fttfclki te tlk rkst eb tlk dntkrnf` oednt `dndnj my wfy ebf stfà.

Ylk `".$`d:k-3n"-u`$r;'"rheb !#" dsjknkrf``y tlk `kfst idbbdcu`t te

trkft, fs f`` eb tlk fmnerhf`tdssuk jrewtl ds ècftki dn fsdnj`k, kxcdsfm`k hfsswdtldn tlk oednt %skk -djurk*&. $t ds usuf``y pfdn`kss fniebtkn ieks net mkcehknetdcki untd` tlk tdssukneiu`k rkfclks f sdzk tlftcfusks swk``dnj er sehktypk eb dntkrnf` oednt dhpdnjkhknt syhptehs tetlk pftdknt. /mvdeus hkclfndcf` prem`khs sucl

fs oednt ècadnj fni snfppdnj cfn eccfsdenf``y eccur, sdhu`ftdnj f tern cfrtd`fjk eretlkr structurf` prem`kh. /n etlkr eccfsdens, tlk pftdknt hfy sdhp`y bkk` f sèw`yjrewdnj sebt tdssuk hfss wdtldn tlkdr ankk oednt fniCer tlkdr ankk hfy mkcehkidstkniki wdtl kxckss synevdf` bùdi.

Ylk -d''u+k '"rheb pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds ds herk prem`khftdc.Ylk synevdf` `dndnj k%kr6&(krk wdtldn tlk `frjk, cehp`kx hu`td'cehpfrthkntfànkk oednt mkcehks evkrjrewn, sehktdhks tfadnj en f rust'ceèrki, AmkfrikiA

fppkfrfnck %skk -djurk 66&. Ivkry tdny neea fni crfnny wdtldn tlk ankk oednt hfymk fbb`dctki, hfadnj dt dhpessdm`k te surjdcf``y k`dhdnftk kvkry `fst mdt eb fmnerhf`tdssuk wdtleut `dtkrf``y ikstreydnj tlk ankk fni dts surreunidnj cfpsu`k dn tlkpreckss. -er tlds rkfsen fni pkrlfps etlkrs, tlk idbbusk berh eb !#" ds huclherk `dak`y te rk.ur 3rk`$/+k; be`èwdnj fttkhptki surjdcf` rkskctden tlfn tlkneiu`fr berh.

Bdjurk M! Y(d+ d+ $ /("#"jr$/("' $ n"-u`k "' `".$`d:k- WRNS#d++uk jr"&dnj &d#(dn $/$#dkn#5+ )nkk *"dn#! D# &$+$##$.(k- #" #(k dnnkr $+/k.# "'#(k hk-d$` *"dn# .$/+u`k! D#9k.$hk n"#d.k$9`k &(kn d#jrk& `$rjk kn"uj( #" 9kjdn/u##dnj /rk++urk $j$dn+# #(k$-*$.kn# hk-d$` 'kh"r$`."n-6`k! N" "#(kr WRNS #d++uk&$+ dn #(d+ /$#dkn#5+ )nkk!

Bdjurk 7! Y(d+ /("#"jr$/(+("&+ #(k +$hk n"-u`k "'WRNS #d++uk $+ +kkn dnBdjurk M< '"``"&dnj d#++urjd.$` rkh"%$` 'r"h #(k

*"dn#! D# hk$+urk-

$//r",dh$#k`6 = .h dn-d$hk#kr< 9kdnj $9"u# #(k+d:k "' $n $`h"n- +(k``!Ld+#"`"jd.$` k%$ù$#d"nun-kr #(k hd.r"+."/k."n'drhk- #($# d# &$+."h/"+k- "' WRNS #d++uk!

6=


13/59

/nk tldnj tlft tlk -d''u+kberh eb !#" lfs dn cehhen wdtl tlk n"-u`$r

berh ds tlft dt ds ebtkn hd+-d$jn"+k- dnd#d$``6!Ylk berhkr hfy mk kvkn lfrikr teidfjnesk tlfn tlk `fttkr mkcfusk dt ieks net lfvk f idscrktk, neiu`fr sebt tdssukhfss fs dts cf``dnj cfri. Gdbbusk !#" cehhen`y prksknts dtsk`b fs sdhp`k ankkswk``dnj cfuski my fn kxckssdvk fccuhu`ftden eb synevdf` bùdi wdtldn tlk oednt.Ylds kxckss bùdi ds skcrktki my tlk evkrjrewn oednt`dndnj tdssuk. n`kss tlk qufntdty eb bùdi dn tlk oednt mkcehks fs jrkft fs te strktcltlk oednt cfpsu`k fni cfusk idscehbert, pftdknt ebtkn rkjfris tlds fs herk eb fnfnneydnj curdesdty tlfn f sdjndbdcfnt prem`kh ft bdrst. ftdknt ieks net cehp`fdn ebankk dnstfmd`dtyD lewkvkr, eccfsdenf``y rkpert f ApeppdnjA sknsftden dn tlk oednt.

C@DNDCF@ WDCY[]K

H"r#$ d#6H"r9d-d#6? !#" ds f mkndjn cenidtden fssecdftki wdtl ikcrkfskihetden freuni tlk fbbkctki oednt. ftdknts f`se hfy cehp`fdn eb f iu`` fcldnj erpfdn dn tlk fbbkctki oednt.

Fjk? !#" lfs mkkn ikscrdmki dn metl tlk pkidftrdc fni kìkr`y pepu`ftdensmut dt eccurs herk ebtkn dn pftdknts fjki =;'


14/59

Frk$ "' Wrk-d`k.#d"n?@nkk oedntD f bkw dn tlk fna`kD rfrk k`skwlkrk.

Iur$#d"n "' S6h/#"h+?-reh 6 ify te hfny ykfrs.

C`dnd.$` Ik#$d`+?

$ndtdf``y, pftdknt usuf``y prksknts wdtl oednt swk``dnj eb dnsdideus enskttlft hdhdcs oednt kbbusden. 3ednt pfdn sumskquknt`y supkrvknks, mut tlk swk``dnjds idsprepertdenftk te tlk ikjrkk eb pfdn. Ylk pfdn ds hdì fni eb dnsdideusenskt, fni dt prejrkssdvk`y werskns fni brkquknt y ds fccehpfndki myikcrkfski rfnjk eb hetden fni ècadnj eb tlk oednt. 5kcurrknt hdì'te'heikrftkkbbusden crkftks tlk dhprkssden eb rkcurrknt oednt swk``dnj. lysdcf`kxfhdnftden rkvkf`s enk er herk pf`pfm`k neiu`ks er idbbusk oednt swk``dnj."wk``dnj hfy bkk` wfrh fni mk sehkwlft tknikr te pf`pftden.

C@DNDCF@ HFNDBKSYFYDENS

Ylk syhptehs eb !#" hfy rkskhm`k etlkr cenidtdens. Ylk be`èwdnj frktlk hest cehhen syhptehs eb !#". "yhptehs cfn ikpkni en tlk sdzk fniècftden eb tlk tuher. "yhptehs hfy dncùikM

"wk``dnj eb f oednt

3ednt kbbusden %bùdi, usuf``y mèeiy&, dn tlk oednt

fdn

"ehktdhks `dhpdnj er idbbdcu`ty usdnj `kjs, frhs, lfnis er bkkt.

ftdknts wdtl pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds eb tlk ankk cehp`fdn eb tlkdnsdideus enskt fni sèw prejrkssden eb syhptehs. /nk tldri eb tlksk pftdkntsrkpert prkvdeus trfuhf te tlk ankk. ftdknts f`se tkni te cehp`fdn eb dntkrhdttkntswk``dnj fni stdbbnkss freuni tlk oednt. est rkpert idbbusk idscehbert rftlkr tlfnskvkrk becf` pfdn %sucl fs eccurs wdtl f hkndscf` tkfr er brfcturk&. (knck, tlkidfjnesds eb pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds hfy mk sujjkstki my f c`dndcf`ldstery eb swk``dnj tlft lfs fn dnsdideus enskt, fni ds eut eb prepertden te tlkikjrkk eb idscehbert.ftdknts hfy rkpert f ApeppdnjA sknsftden dn tlk oednt.

/n plysdcf` kxfhdnftden, up te *2 pkrcknt eb pftdknts lfvk idstkntden eb tlksuprfpftk``fr peucl fni f `frjk kbbusden.Fs hfny fs J; pkrcknt eb pftdknts lfvkf idbbusk pf`pfm`k synevdf` hfss. ftdknts f`se lfvk f s`djlt`y ikcrkfski fmd`dty teb`kx fni kxtkni tlk oednt. p te *; pkrcknt eb pftdknts cehp`fdn eb hdì te heikrftktknikrnkss, hfdn`y evkr tlk hkidf` pftk`èbkherf` frkf. $n fiidtden, frtlreckntksdsydkìs mèei'tdnjki synevdf` bùdi dn JJ te 2* pkrcknt eb pftdknts. suf``y pftdkntsfrk subbkrdnj breh unkxp`fdnki, rkcurrknt bùdi fccuhu`ftdens dn enk eb tlkdr oednts,kspkcdf``y wlkn tlk oednt bùdi lfs f s`djlt`y herk erfnjk'mrewn ceèr te dt tlfnnerhf`. "ehktdhks

IDFJNESYDC YKSYS

$n fiidtden te f cehp`ktk hkidcf` ldstery fni plysdcf` kxfhdnftden, tlk

pftdknt wd`` `dak`y unikrje enk er herk eb tlk be`èwdnj tkstsM

D! r$6+' f idfjnestdc tkst wldcl usks dnvdsdm`k k`kctrehfjnktdc knkrjy mkfhs tepreiuck dhfjks eb dntkrnf` tdssuks, menks, fni erjfns ente bd`h. -dnidnjs en p`fdnrfidejrfpls frk net spkcdbdc. $t hfy prksknt hdnkrf`dzftden eb tlk menks freuni tlk`ksden, henefrtdcu`fr oednt swk``dnj, wk``'certdcftki prkssurk kresdens fni cysts,fni

69


15/59

DD! H$jnk#d. ]k+"n$n.k Dh$jdnj 3H]D; ' f idfjnestdc preckiurk tlft usks fcehmdnftden eb `frjk hfjnkts, rfidebrkqukncdks fni f cehputkr te preiuckiktfd`ki dhfjks eb erjfns fni structurks wdtldn tlk meiy. Ylds tkst cfn mk uskifènk te idfjnesk !#".5$ lfs mkcehk tlk dhfjdnj heif`dty eb cledck dn tlkkvfùftden eb synevdf` fni sebt tdssuk `ksdens. !#" ikhenstrftks vfrdfm`kfppkfrfnck en 5$, ikpknidnj en tlk cehpesdtden eb tlk `ksden fni dts rk`ftdvk

prepertdens eb lkhesdikrdn, `dpdi, bdmreus tdssuk, cyst berhftden, fni ck`ù`frk`khknts fni en tlk dhfjdnj pfrfhktkrs.

DDD! Fr#("jr$/(6' f spkcdf` x'rfy eb tlk fbbkctki oednt tlft dnve`vks tlk dnokctden ebf rfidepfquk sumstfnck idrkct`y dnte tlk fbbkctki frkf. /btkn tdhks, !#" ds bdrstsuspkctki wlkn tlk oednt ds fspdrftki prder te tlk dnokctden eb tlk rfidepfqukcentrfst hftkrdf` mkcfusk tlk fspdrftki oednt bùdi wd`` centfdn eì, ifra mèei,wldcl ds f sdjn eb !#". 5$ lfs, lewkvkr, `frjk`y rkp`fcki tlk nkki berfrtlrejrfply, mut dt ds std`` sehktdhks uski. -dnidnjs ikhenstrftk hu`tdp`k drrkju`frneiu`fr'bd``dnj ikbkcts eb vfrdfm`k sdzks, wldcl preiuck tlk typdcf` cemm`kstenkfppkfrfnck eb tlk synevduh skkn en frtlrejrfply.

DR! CY k,$hdn$#d"n ikhenstrftks f lypkriknsk sebt tdssuk hfss dn tlk oednt ertknien slkftl. Ylk lypkr'iknsdty eb tlk hfss ds f rkb`kctden eb rkpkftkilkherrlfjk fni mèei ikjrfiftden preiucts wdtldn tlk oednt.

R! 4`""- #k+#+ hfy mk ienk te fsskss tlk bunctdendnj cfpfcdty eb tlk ankk,m`kkidnj, er kvkn lkhe`ysds.

RD! [rdnk $n$`6+d+hfy slew mèei ck``s %wldtk fni rki mèei ck``s& fni tlkmfctkrdf tlft cfusk fn dnbkctden. rksknck eb pus ck``s dn tlk urdnk hfy dnidcftkdnbkctden er dnb`fhhftden. 5ki mèei ck``s hfy dnidcftk `kfafjk eb tlk mèei dntetlk urdnk.

RDD! 4d"/+6ds rkqudrki lk`p te kstfm`dsl prkepkrftdvk tdssuk idfjnesds.

)èei tksts, urdnk fnf`ysds, ankk x'rfy, fni mdepsy wkrk tlk be`èwdnj

idfjnestdc tksts tlft wkrk uski my eur pftdknt rkjfridnj fmeut lds cenidtden.)ut dn jknkrf , tlk idfjnesds eb pdjhkntki vd èneiu`fr synevdtds wfscenbdrhki my mdepsy eb tlk synevduh.

Y]KFYHKNY

Ylk hest cehhen`y pkrberhki trkfthknt ber idbbusk, pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`frsynevdtds ds f +urjd.$` +6n"%k.#"h6. "ynevkctehy sdhp`y hkfns rkhevf` eb tlkdntkrnf` oednt `dndnj hkhmrfnk. $t wfs pkrberhki dn fn epkn bfslden, wdtl f `frjkbrentf` dncdsden `dtkrf``y epkndnj tlk ankk up `dak f meea se tlft tlk hfoerdty eb tlk

oednt `dndnj tdssuk, wldcl ds dn tlk brent eb tlk oednt, ceuì mk strdppki eut. /pkndnjup tlk rkfr eb tlk ankk te rkhevk tlk synevdf` `dndnj dn tlk mfca eb tlk oednt wfssehktdhks ienk fs f herk rfidcf` kxtknsden eb tlk brentf` synevkctehypreckiurk. Ylksk epkn surjdcf` preckiurks lfi skrdeus irfwmfcas, dn tlft tlkywkrk qudtk pfdnbu` fni ebtkn preiucki hfoer pest'epkrftdvk hermdidty sucl fs oedntscfrrdnj fni stdbbnkss. $n fiidtden, fs kxtknsdvk fs tlksk preckiurks wkrk, kvkry`fst mdt eb fmnerhf` synevdf` tdssuk wfs std`` net rkhevki. Fs netki prkvdeus`y, te

pkrberh f jknudnk`y cehp`ktk surjdcf` synevkctehy, kxtrkhk ifhfjk te tlk oedntweuì lfvk te mk ienk mkcfusk tlk ankk cfrtd`fjks %hkndscd& weuì kbbkctdvk`ylfvk te mk rkhevki, fènj wdtl pertdens eb tlk dntkrnf` %crucdftk& `djfhknts. /n`ysucl rfidcf` surjkry weuì f`èw fcckss te f`` eb tlk shf`` neeas fni crfnndkswdtldn tlk ankk oednt wlkrk !#" tdssuk cfn ldik. >ld`k net nkckssfrd`y herkkbbkctdvk tlfn epkn synevkctehy, dn hest cfsks f mkttkr fpprefcl ds$r#(r"+."/d.synevkctehy %skk -djurk 6J&.

6;

Bdjurk 72 8(kn rkh"%dnj WRNS #d++uk 'r"h #(k )nkk *"dn#$r#(r"+."/d.$` 6< $ +h$` < h"#"rd:k- #d++uk rk+k.#d"ndn+#ruhkn# d+ dn#r"-u.k- dn#" #(k )nkk #(r"uj( $ 72 dn.(+)dn dn.d+d"n< "r /"r#$`! Y(k +urjd.$` &"r) d+ "9+kr%k- 96&$6 "' $n $r#(r"+."/k 3+("&n (krk dn #(k u//kr rdj(#($n-+k.#d"n "' #(k BDJ[]K;< dn+kr#k- #(r"uj( $n"#(kr +)dn /"r#$`dn.d+d"n 'r"h $ -d''krkn# $nj`k! K$.( /$dr "' /"r#$` dn.d+d"n+3$r#(r"+."/k $n- rk+k.#"r dn+#ruhkn#; $``"&+ $ .kr#$dnrkjd"n "' #(k )nkk *"dn# #" 9k .`k$nk- "u#< &d#( $."h/rk(kn+d%k +6n"%k.#"h6 rkudrdnj u/&$r-+ "' +d, #"kdj(# $..k++ /"r#$`+


16/59

Ylk emokctdvk eb frtlrescepdc synevkctehy ds te rkhevk fs hucl fmnerhfòednt `dndnj tdssuk fs ds tkclndcf``y bkfsdm`k wdtleut ifhfjdnj tlk pftdkntHs ankk dntlk preckss. repkr`y fni hktdcuèus`y pkrberhki, dt ds f vkry `knjtly fnitkclndcf``y idbbdcu`t surjdcf` preckiurk. $t rkqudrks hfstkry eb f`hest kvkry ankkfcckss tkclndquk kvkr ikvdski my frtlrescepdc surjkens. F`` eb tlk hfoer dntkrnf`rkjdens eb tlk ankk oednt, dn skquknck, hust mk metl vdsuf`dzki fni fccksski my

surjdcf` rk'skctden dnstruhkntftden, f`` tlk wld`k akkpdnj tlk nuhmkr eb fcckss%frtlrescepk pertf & dncdsdens te f hdndhuh fni fvedidnj undntknikinkurevfscu`fr dnoury er ifhfjk te etlkr dntkrnf` oednt structurks.

8`dndcf` kxpkrdknck lfs jknkrf` y ikhenstrftki tlft tlk herk cehp`ktk tlkikjrkk eb synevkctehy fcldkvki, tlk èwkr tlk rkcurrknck rftk eb tlk idskfsk.Gdbbusk !#" ds tru`y f strfnjk idskfsk tlft fppkfrs ber unckrtfdn rkfsens fnihfy f`se cehp`ktk`y kxdt f pftdkntHs `dbk be` ewdnj trkfthknt, kvkn tleujl myikbdndtden tlft trkfthknt ds anewn te lfvk mkkn dncehp`ktk. $b tlkrk lfs mkkn $n6cehhen ktdeèjdc %cfusf`& tlrkfi dn hfny eb tlk !#" pftdknts, dt lfs mkkn tlfttlky lfi sehk kpdseik eb ankk trfuhf dn tlkdr pfst tlft cfuski m`kkidnj wdtldn

tlkdr ankk oednt. >lktlkr f mrdkb kxpesurk eb f synevdf` oednt te tlk dren'mfskilkhejèmdn pdjhknt rk`kfski my ikjrfidnj rki mèei ck``s cfn fctuf``y cfusk!#" lfs nkvkr mkkn prevkn fni ft tlds pednt hust mk rk`kjftki te pkrsenf`spkcu`ftden.

/tlkr hkfns eb trkftdnj pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds dncùik rfidftdenmkfh tlkrfpy fni rfide dsetepk synevkctehy. $n tlk `fttkr preckiurk f `dqudi,rfidefctdvk dsetepk ds dnokctki dnte tlk ankk oednt, sumokctdnj tlk synevdf` `dndnj terfidftden trkfthknt. Ylds ds fn uncehhen trkfthknt tlft dn tlk pfst lfs jknkrf``ymkkn rkskrvki ber idbbdcu`t cfsks eb !#" tlft lfvk rkcurrki be`èwdnj f prdersurjdcf` synevkctehy. Idtlkr berh eb rfidftden tlkrfpy cfn f`se mk uski fs fn

fiouvfnt %fiidtdenf` er mfca'up& trkfthknt be`èwdnj f surjdcf` synevkctehy.

$b !#" rkhfdns uncentre``ki, evkr f pkrdei eb ykfrs tlk pftdkntHs ankk oedntsurbfcks hfy jrfiuf``y mkcehk ikstreyki, `kfidnj te f nkki ber rfidcf` oedntrkskctden fni rkp`fckhknt my prestlktdc cehpenknts %Atetf` ankk rkp`fckhkntAsurjkry&. Ylk dndtdf` rfidcf` rkskctden stfjk eb sucl f preckiurk f`èws rk`ftdvk`ycehp`ktk kxpesurk dnsdik tlk oednt fni tlus fn unusuf``y cehp`ktk surjdcf`synevkctehy. Ylds ebtkn `kfis te f bdnf` curk eb tlk idskfsk, mut tlk erdjdnf` ankk

oednt lfs mkkn èst berkvkr.

$n tlk cfsk eb eur pftdknt, dn vdkw eb tlk bfct tlft tlk iecter0s idbbkrkntdf`

idfjnesds wfs YC8 Yumkrcuèsds eb tlk )enk, tlk trkfthknt er tlk hkidcftdenprkscrdmki wfs 5dbfhpdcdn, $sendfzdi, yrfzdnfhdik ber tumkrcuèsds, kbknfhdcfcdi fni @ktere`fc ber pfdn, fni 8kplf`kxdn ber mfctkrdf` dnbkctden. Ylk epkrftdenpkrberhki wfs Gkmrdikhknt fni "ynevkctehy 5djlt ankk. -rentf` "ynevkctehywfs pkrberhki metl fs f idfjnestdc fni pf` dftdvk. Gr. Grewsy clesk tldsepkrftden tlfn lfvdnj tetf` synevkctehy mkcfusk tlk `fttkr rkqudrks kxtrkhkifhfjk te tlk oednt wlkrk tlk ankk cfrtd`fjks %hkndscd& wd`` kbbkctdvk`y lfvk te mkrkhevki fènj wdtl tlk pertdens eb tlk dntkrnf` %crucdftk& `djfhknts, rksu`tdnj te

62


17/59

dhhemd`dty eb tlk ankk er mkdnj unfm`k te b`kx tlk ankk. F`se, sucl epkrftden wd``fbbkct r. eeiy0s jrewtl mkcfusk lk ds std ` yeunj fni lds menks frk stdìkvkèpdnj fni net ykt cehp`ktk`y hfturk. "ynevkctehy ds tlk rkhevf` eb tlkdntkrnf` oednt `dndnj hkhmrfnk. >dtl brentf` dncdsden kxpesdnj tlk hfoerdty eb tlk

oednt `dndnj tdssuk cfn mk strdppki eut, ykt tlk irfw mfca eb tlds preckiurk ds tlftnet f`` eb tlk fmnerhf` synevdf` tdssuk wfs net rkhevki. 5kcurrknck ds cehhen

mkcfusk synevduh wkrk net tetf``y rkhevki fni dt ieks jrew mfca. $n erikr teprkvknt rkcurrknck x'rfy drrfidftden ds knceurfjk.

CEHW@DCFYDENS

D! ]k.urrkn# WRNS

Ylk preckiurk ienk te r. eeiy wfs brentf` synevkctehy, hkfndnj netf`` eb tlk fmnerhf` synevdf` tdssuks lfvk mkkn rkhevki, tlus rkcurrknck eb !#"ds pessdm`k. 5kbkr en tlk fmevk ikscrdptden fni hfndbkstftdens eb !#".

DD! E+#k"Fr#(rd#d+

Yleujl eìkr pkep`k frk hest fbbkctki wdtl /F, lewkvkr dn tlds cfsk r.eeiy hfy lfvk /F ft tlk fjk eb =


18/59

?. 3ednt pretkctden

GdktFppreprdftk nutrdtden dntfak ds knceurfjki te hfdntfdn dikf` meiy wkdjlt

fni fvedi wkdjlt jfdn. >kdjlt jfdn p`fcks unnkckssfry strkss en oednts.

FctdvdtyIhplfsds ds p`fck en tlk be`èwdnjM

6. nèfidnj pfdnbu` wkdjlt mkfrdnj oednts tlreujl tlk usk eb cfnks, wfàkrs,crutclks.

=. 5fnjk eb hetden te prkvknt ikberhdtdks fni centrfcturks.

Surjd.$` H$n$jkhkn#"urjdcf` hfnfjkhknt ds dnidcftk te rk dkvk pfdn, dncrkfsk oednt hevkhknt,

cerrkct ikberhdty, er crkftks f nkw oednt hevkhknt. (krk frk sehk surjdcf`preckiurks pkrberhki wdtl ikjknkrftdvk oednt idskfsk dncùik tlk be`èwdnjM

6. 5khevf` eb mdts eb mreakn cfrtd`fjk er menk %ikmrdhknt, usuf``y my

frtlrescepdc surjkry&=. 5kf`djnhknt %estkehy&?. -usden %frtlreiksds&J. 3ednt 5kp`fckhknt %rkp`fckhknt frtlrep`fsty&

N[]SDNJ W]ECKSS

FSSKSSHKNY

N[]SDNJ LKF@YL LDSYE]T

WK]SENF@ IFYF

8`dknt0s nfhkM r. eeiy)drtlifyM Gkckhmkr 69, 6**?

FjkM 6= ykfrs eì"kxM f`k

FiirkssM @fpfrfn, $pd`, 7fhmefnjf "dmujfy revdnck"tftusM "dnj`k5k`djdenM 5ehfn 8ftle`dcGdf`kct "peaknM )dsfyf, YfjfèjItlndc jreupM )dsfyfIiucftdenf` FttfdnhkntM 4rfik !$

Fttknidnj lysdcdfnM Gr. GrewsyGftk eb FihdssdenM 3unk =9, =;;2 ft *M6; fhGftk eb GdsclfrjkM 3u`y 6?, =;;2 ft =M;; ph8ldkb 8ehp`fdntM fdn fni swk``dnj ft rdjlt ankkkidcf` GdfjnesdsM djhkntki !d`èneiu`fr "ynevdtds

LDSYE]T EB W]KSKNY D@@NKSS?

Ywe wkkas prder te fihdssden, tlk pftdknt kxpkrdkncki pfdn fni swk``dnj fttlk rdjlt ankk. (k ikscrdmki tlk pfdn fs peppdnj kvkry tdhk lk hevks. /n tlkscf`k eb 6'6;, wdtl 6; fs tlk hest pfdnbu`, tlk pftdknt rftki tlk pfdn fs


19/59

tfak fny erf` hkidcftden te f``kvdftk dt. >lknkvkr lk bkk`s tlk pfdn, lds hetlkrtrdks te f``kvdftk dt my hfssfjdnj tlk fbbkctki frkf fni my fpp`ydnj /hkjf pfdnad``kr en tlk fbbkctki sdtk. Ylk pftdknt0s fctdvdtdks eb ifd`y `dvdnj %FGO& wkrk f`tkrkimkcfusk eb tlk pfdn bk`t fni tlk swk``dnj eb tlk rdjlt ankk. Ylus, lk cfnnetfnyherk pkrberh lds ifd`y tfsas sucl fs p`fydnj, wfàdnj, fni kvkn fttkni ldsc`fssks dn sclee`. Fni mkcfusk eb tlft, tlk pftdknt mkcfhk heeiy fni ikprksski.

>lkn tlk pftdknt wfsn0t fm`k te te`krftk lds cenidtden, lds pfrknts ikcdiki te mrdnjldh te 7fhmefnjf 8dty kidcf` 8kntkr fni wfs fihdttki.

WFSY D@@NKSS?

#dnk ykfrs fje, tlk pftdknt wfs p`fydnj dnsdik tlkdr leusk fni fccdikntf``y,lk bk`` breh f le`k wdtl lds rdjlt ankk. Gfys pfsski fni lds rdjlt ankk jet swe``kn.(k ebtkn cehp`fdnki eb tlk pfdn en dt. Guk te bdnfncdf` censtrfdnts, lds hetlkrikcdiki te mrdnj ldh te f KldètB fni sumskquknt`y, tlk pfdn fni tlk kikhfsumsdiki. )ut tlkrk wkrk std`` dnstfncks eb rkcurrknt pfdn en tlk fbbkctki frkf.

Ylk pftdknt lfi ne ldstery eb lespdtf`dzftden. ftdknt lfi dnstfncks ebceujl, bkvkr fni ceìs iuk te clfnjks eb wkftlkr fni mkdnj rkhkidki wdtl evkrtlk ceuntkr irujs. Ylk pftdknt kxpkrdkncki cehhen cldìleei idskfsk sucl fshkfs`ks wlkn lk wfs beur hentls eì. (k lfi cehp`ktk dhhundzftden. Ylkpftdknt lfs ne anewn f``krjdks te fny beeis er irujs.

BFHD@T LDSYE]T?

Ylk pftdknt lfi f bfhd`df` ldstery eb pu`henfry tumkrcuèsdsD dn bfct lkrjrfnihetlkr idki mkcfusk eb tlft adni eb idskfsk.

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20/59

JE]IEN5S 77 B[NCYDENF@ LKF@YL WFYYK]N

D! LKF@YL WK]CKWYDEN LKF@YL HFNFJKHKNY WFYYK]N 3Wrk("+/d#$`d:$#d"n;

ftdknt0s jknkrf` lkf`tl wfs bfdr. ftdknt rkckdvki cehp`ktk dhhundzftden.Ft tdhks, pftdknt lfi dnstfncks eb bkvkr fssecdftki wdtl ceujl fni ceìs iuk teclfnjks eb wkftlkr fni mkdnj rkhkidki wdtl evkr tlk ceuntkr irujs. (k wfsfctdvk wdtl rkjfris te lds fctdvdtdks eb ifd`y `dvdnj %FGO&. (k ebtkn p`fyki freuniwdtl lds sdm`dnjs, ceusdns fni brdknis. (k èvki te stuiy fni rkfi fny adnis ebkiucftdenf` meeas. (k usuf``y kfts beeis sucl fs rdck, brudts fni bdsl. (ds s`kkpdnjleurs frk breh +'6; leurs, fni sehktdhks wdtl nfps fmeut ?;hdnutks te 6 leur."`djlt pfdn wfs bk`t sehktdhks fni fcceridnj`y dt wfs te`krfm`k. (ewkvkr twewkkas prder te fihdssden, lds cenidtden wersknki wdtl pfdn fni tee hucl swk``dnjen lds rdjlt ankk, wldcl hfik ldh unfm`k te wfà, fni ie tlk fctdvdtdks tlft lkusuf``y ieks.

F! Hk$` W$##krn

ftdknt kfts rkju`fr`y. (k kfts tlrkk tdhks f ify %mrkfabfst, ùncl fniidnnkr& fni lfs f jeei fppktdtk. (k usuf``y kfts f cup eb rdck, bdsl, brudts fniseup. (k rfrk`y kfts vkjktfm`ks fni hkft. (ewkvkr, tlk pftdknt ds beni eb kftdnj

ouna beeis ber lds snfca.

4! Bùd- Dn#$)k

ftdknt irdnas èts eb wftkr wdtl fpprexdhftk`y 2'+ j`fssks f ify. (k ds benieb irdnadnj oudck mut rfrk`y irdnas cfrmenftki mkvkrfjks fni hdà.

C! W$##krn "' K`dhdn$#d"n

ftdknt k dhdnftks lds mewk` enck kvkry etlkr ify. Ylkrk wkrk neidscehberts rkpertki fni ne cehp`fdnts eb idfrrlkf er censtdpftden. ftdkntvkrmf`dzki tlft tlk ceèr eb lds stee` ds mrewn fni berhki. /n tlk etlkr lfni,pftdknt urdnftks sdx te skvkn tdhks f ify wdtl ne pfdn er idscehberts iurdnj

=7


21/59


22/59

Ylk pftdknt vediki < te 2 tdhks f ify iurdnj lds cenbdnkhknt dn tlk lespdtf`.Ylk ceèr eb lds urdnk ds s`djlt cèuiy yk`èw'erfnjk fni tlds wfs mkcfusk eb tlkhkidcftdens tlft lk lfi tfakn.

C! Wkr+/dr$#d"n

Ylk pftdknt pkrspdrks ebtkn mkcfusk eb tlk cenjkstki frkf dn tlk lespdtf`.#e meiy eier wfs netki.

DR! FCYDRDYT KK]CDSK WFYYK]N 38(d k ."n'dnk-;

Ylk pftdknt rkqudrki fssdstfnck er supkrvdsden breh fnetlkr pkrsenmkcfusk lk wfsn0t fm`k te fttkni te lds nkkis fni dn bunctdens sucl fs bkkidnj,ted ktdnj, mftldnj, jreehdnj, irkssdnj fni jknkrf` hemd`dty. (k kvkn idi netkxkrcdsk ft f``.

R! S@KKW ]KSY WFYYK]N 38(d`k ."n'dnk-;

ftdknt lfi idbbdcu`ty dn s`kkpdnj ft ndjlt mkcfusk lk wfs net cehbertfm`kwdtl tlk surreunidnjs fni wdtl tlk `djlts en, f`se lk lfi f prem`kh wdtl tlk cfstp`fcki en lds rdjlt ankk, hfadnj ldh unfm`k te hevk brkk`y en mki. suf``y, tlkpftdknt s`kkps freuni 66M;;ph fni wfaks up ft fmeut 9M;;fh ber lds hkidcftdens.>ld`k dn tlk lespdtf`, lds en`y `kdsurk fctdvdty wfs p`fydnj lds ck`` plenk.RD! CEJNDYDRK WK]CKWY[F@ WFYYK]N 38(d`k ."n'dnk-;

#e lkfrdnj fni sknsery ikbdcdt. (k rkspenis fppreprdftk`y. 5kcknt hkheryds dntfct mkcfusk lk cfn rkhkhmkr er rkcf`` tldnjs. pen tlk vdsdt, lk cehp`fdnki

tlft lds rdjlt ankk fclks wlknkvkr lk hevks iuk rkcknt epkrftden. (k lfs nelypkrsknsdtdvdty er f``krjy fttfcas.

RDD! SK@B WK]CKWYDENSK@B CENCKWY WFYYK]N

Ylk pftdknt ds p`fybu` mut sldks fwfy te pkep`k lk ieksn0t anew. (k ds nettlft fctdvk fnyherk wdtl rkjfris te lds fctdvdtdks eb ifd`y `dvdnj %FGO& mkcfusk ebtlk cfst en. )ut lk p`fys freuni wdtl lds ceusdns wlknkvkr tlky vdsdt ldh.(ewkvkr, heei swdnjs wkrk netki en tlk pftdknt upen dntkrvdkw. Ylk hetlkrstftki tlft lk mkcehks drrdtfm`k wlknkvkr lk ds mkdnj bee`ki freuni. Ylkrk wfs

ne sdjn eb nkrveusnkss wld`k cenvkrsdnj wdtl tlk pftdknt, lewkvkr, ft tlk tdhk ebtlk dntkrvdkw, tlk hetlkr stftki tlft lds sen wfs ikprksski mkcfusk lk wfsbercki te step lds sclee`dnj iuk te lds idskfsk cenidtden.

RDDD! ]E@K]K@FYDENSLDW WFYYK]N

Ylk typk eb bfhd`y tlft tlk pftdknt lfs ds nuc`kfr bfhd`y. (ds bfhd`y dscehpeski eb lds pfrknts fni tlrkk etlkr sdm`dnjs. (k ds tlk skceni fhenj tlk beureb tlkh. (ds bftlkr weras fs f cfrpkntkr dn tlkdr p`fck fni en tlk etlkr lfni ldshetlkr ds f p`fdn leuskwdbk. Fcceridnj te lds hetlkr, tlky frk net bdnfncdf``y

stfm`k mkcfusk dt ds en`y tlk bftlkr wle weras fni kfrns ber f `dvdnj. F`se, tlkhetlkr eb tlk pftdknt stftki tlft, tlky lfvk jeei dntkrpkrsenf` rk`ftdensldp wdtlkfcl etlkr f`tleujl sehktdhks tlky kxpkrdknck sehk pkrsenf` prem`khs fnihdsunikrstfnidnjsD ykt tlky qudca`y rkse`vk dt tlreujl kbbkctdvk fni epkncehhundcftden.

D! SK[F@DYT ]KW]EI[CYDRK WFYYK]N

==


23/59

Ylk pftdknt ds hf`kD 6= ykfrs eì. (k lfi lds cdrcuhcdsden ft tlk fjk eb *ykfrs eì.

D! CEWDNJ SY]KSS YE@K]FNCK WFYYK]N

ftdknt trkfts ldhsk`b fs nerhf` fs pessdm`k. (ewkvkr, tlk prksknck eb tlkpfdn fni swk` dnj hfaks tlk pftdknt drrdtfm`k fni heeiy. Ylk pftdknt bkk`sikprksski mkcfusk lk cfnnet pkrberh wk`` lds fctdvdtdks sucl fs wfàdnj, p`fydnjfni stuiydnj. >lkn fsaki fmeut lds cenidtden, tlk pftdknt stftki tlft lk cfnnetie fnytldnj fmeut lds cfsk new lewkvkr tlk pftdknt0s ceepkrftden fni cepdnjstrkss cfpfmd`dtdks frk vkry vdtf` te tlk pftdknt0s rkcevkry.

! RF@[KS 4K@DKB WFYYK]N

Ylk pftdknt censdikrs lds bfhd`y fs tlk hest dhpertfnt dn lds `dbk. Ylk bfhd`yfrk ikvetki 8lrdstdfns. Ylky mk`dkvk dn sehk eb tlk fncdknt -d`dpdne mk`dkbs suclfs dn qufca iecters fni ldèts. (k usuf``y prfy te 4ei fsadnj ber judifnck fnifssdstfnck. >dtl tlkdr rk`djden, tlkrk wkrk ne rk`djdeus rkstrdctdens sucl fs dn beei.(k skìeh jeks te hfss wdtl lds bfhd`y mut lk usuf``y prfys te 4ei fsadnj berjudifnck fni fssdstfnck kvkry ndjlt mkberk s`kkpdnj.

WLTSDCF@ FSSKSSHKNY

D! SADN

Ylk pftdknt0s sadn ceèr ds `djlt mrewn fni ds jknkrf``y undberh tlreujleut,kxckpt dn frkfs kxpeski te tlk sun. >euni `ksdens, kikhf, stdtclks fnirkiiknki pertdens en tlk rdjlt ankk wkrk skkn wlkn tlk cfst wfs rkhevki fnirkp`fcki. Ylkrk wkrk ne `ksdens, kikhf er scfrs skkn en etlkr pfrts eb tlk meiy.(ds tkhpkrfturk ds wdtldn nerhf` rfnjk, wdtl jeei sadn turjer. edsturk dn sadnbeìs fni fxd``fk wkrk netki.

DD! NFD@S

Ylk nfd`s frk pdnadsl fni lfvk f cenvkx curvfturk. $ts tkxturk ds sheetl,wdtl ne kxckssdvk tldcankss er tldnnkss fni jreevks er burrews netki. Ylk tdssukssurreunidnj tlk nfd`s frk dntfct. >lkn pdnclki, tlk ceèr rkturnki prehpt`y kxckptber tlk nfd`s en tlk rdjlt beet.

DDD! LFD]

Ylk pftdknt0s lfdr ds m`fca fni kvkn`y idstrdmutki. (k lfs s`djlt`y ed`y fnitldn lfdr. Ylkrk wfs ne prksknck eb dnbkctdens er dnbkstftdens. Ylkrk wfs f`se nemeiy lfdr netki.

DR! LKFI

Ylk pftdknt0s sau`` ds nerheckplf`dc fni syhhktrdc wdtl sheetl sau``centeur. $t lfs undberh censdstkncy fni tlkrk frk ne neiu`ks er hfssks netki. (klfs f syhhktrdc bfcdf` bkfturks fni bfcdf` hevkhknts. #e kikhf fni le`èwnkssfreuni tlk kyks netki.

R! KTKS

=3


24/59

Ylk kykmrews frk syhhktrdcf``y f`djnki wdtl kquf` hevkhknt. Ylkkyk`fslks frk kquf``y idstrdmutki fni frk cur`ki s`djlt`y eutwfri. Ylk kyk`di dsdntfct wdtl ne idsclfrjks er idsceèrftden. $t cèsks syhhktrdcf` y. Ylk sc`krffppkfrs wldtk, wdtl shf`` cfpd``frdks kvdiknt. Ylkrk ds ne kikhf evkr `fcrdhf`j`fni, fs wk`` fs tkfrdnj. Ylk cernkf ds trfnspfrknt, sldny fni sheetl, wdtl iktfd`seb tlk drds vdsdm`k. >dtl f wdsp eb cetten s`djlt`y teucldnj tlk cernkf, tlk c`dknt

m`dnas futehftdcf` y, dnidcftdnj tlft tlk trdjkhdnf` nkrvk ds dntfct. Ylk pupd` dsm`fca, reuniki fni kquf` dn sdzk. >lkn d`ùhdnftki, tlk pupd` censtrdcts. )etl kyksfrk ceeridnftki, hevks dn undsen wdtl pfrf``k` f`djnhknt. Ylk pftdknt lfs f jeeivdsuf` fcudty.

RD! KF]S

Ylk furdc`ks lfvk tlk sfhk ceèr fs bfcdf` sadn, syhhktrdc, hemd`k, bdrh fninet tknikr. $t rkced`s fbtkr dt ds beìki. Ylkrk frk ne `ksdens netki. Ylkrk dsprksknck eb stdcay ckruhkn dn f `djlt mrewn slfik. (k lfs f nerhf` sknsk eblkfrdnj, wdtl ne cehp`fdnts eb kfrfclks fni ne pkrvdeus ldstery eb kfr dnbkctden.

RDD! NESK FNI SDN[SKS

Ylk nesk ds syhhktrdc fni eb undberh ceèr. #e idsclfrjks, b`frdnj, tknikrnksser `ksdens netki. Ylk fdr hevks brkk`y fs tlk pftdknt mrkftlks tlreujl tlk nfrks.Ylkrk wfs ne idsp`fckhknt eb menks fni cfrtd`fjk. Ylk sdnusks frk net tknikr.

RDDD! HE[YL FNI YL]EFY

(ds `dps frk pdna fni undberh dn ceèr. $t ds sebt fni hedst wdtl sheetltkxturk. Ylk pftdknt cfn pursk `dps upen cehhfni. Ylk juhs frk pdnadsl, hedst

fni bdrh. Ylkrk frk twknty'beur %=J& tkktl. (ewkvkr, lk lfs teetl ikcfy. Ylktenjuk ds pdna, hedst, sheetl, fni ne prksknck eb `ksdens. $t hevks brkk`y, wdtl nesdjns eb dnb`fhhftden

D! NKCA

Ylk nkca lfs tlk sfhk ceèr fs lds kxtrkhdtdks. Ylk nkca ds dn jeeisyhhktry, wdtl nkca husc`ks kquf` dn sdzk fni lkfi'ckntkrki. (kfi hevkhkntsfrk ceeridnftki fni sheetl wdtl ne idscehbert. Ylkrk wkrk ne pf`pfm`k `yhplneiks fni ne kn`frjkhknt eb tlk tlyredi j`fni netki.

! YLE]F FNI @[NJS

Ylk clkst ds syhhktrdc, wdtl tlk spdnk vkrtdcf``y f`djnki. Ylk sadn ds dntfctwdtl ne tknikrnkss. F bu`` fni syhhktrdc kxpfnsden eb tlk clkst ds netki iurdnjdnspdrftden fni rkturn te dts erdjdnf` sdzk upen kxlf`ftden. Ylkn nuhmkr eb mrkftlpkr hdnutk ds 6* mrkftls pkr hdnutk. Ylkrk wfs ne wlkkzdnj seuni er crfca`kslkfri iurdnj fuscu`tftden.

D! LKF]Y FNI NKCA RKSSK@S

Ylk rlytlh ds rkju`fr wdtl ne hurhurs er brdctden rum lkfri upen

fuscu`tftden. Ylkrk wkrk ne pu`sftdens dn tlk fertdc fni pu`hendc frkf. Ylkpkrdplkrf` pu`sk wfs syhhktrdc fni bu``. Ylk cfretdi frtkry wfs syhhktrdc, wdtl neseuni lkfri en fuscu`tftden. Ylk ouju`fr vkdn ds net idstkniki. Ylk pkrdplkrf`vkdn dn tlk frhs fni `kjs frk syhhktrdc fni net tknikr. Ylk pu`sk rftk wfsndnkty'sdx %*2& mkfts pkr hdnutk, tfakn ft tlk rfidf` frtkry en tlk rdjlt lfni. Ylkmèei prkssurk wld`k skftki wfs 66;C+;, tfakn ft tlk `kbt mrfcldf` frtkry. Ylkpu`sk prkssurk wfs tldrty %?;&.

=9


25/59

DD! 4]KFSY FNI FD@@FK

Ylk ceèr eb tlk fxd``f ds s`djlt`y ifrakr tlfn tlk etlkr pfrts eb tlk meiy. Ylkmrkfst lfs tlk sfhk ceèr wdtl tlk fmiehkn, wldcl ds `djltkr cehpfrki te tlk rksteb tlk meiy. Ylk sadn ds dntfct fni sheetl. Ylkrk frk ne hfssks, neiu`ks erndpp`k idsclfrjks `ksdens fni kn`frjki `yhpl neiks netki.

DDD! JFSY]EDNYKSYDNF@

Ylk fmiehkn wfs s`djlt`y `djltkr tlfn tlk rkst eb tlk meiy fni undberh dnceèr. $t ds net idstkniki, fni tlkrk wkrk ne tknikrnkss er swk``dnj netki. #ekvdiknck eb sp`kkn er `dvkr kn`frjkhknt wfs netki. )ewk` hevkhknt eccurs ?'Jtdhks pkr wkka.

DR! FN[S FNI ]KCY[H

>k lfvk net fssksski tlds pfrt eb tlk pftdknt0s meiy mkcfusk lk rkbuski.

(k bk`t dt wfs sehktldnj prdvftk fni pkrsenf`.

RD! JKNDYF@DF

>k lfvk net fssksski tlds pfrt eb tlk pftdknt0s meiy mkcfusk lk rkbuski.(k bk`t dt wfs sehktldnj prdvftk fni pkrsenf`.

RD! NK[]E@EJDC STSYKH

ftdknt lfs ne spkkcl er `fnjufjk ikbkcts. (k ds erdkntki te tdhk, p`fck,fni pkrsens. ftdknt rkspenis fppreprdftk`y te vkrmf` stdhu`d. 5kcknt fni rkhetk

hkhery ds dntfct.

RDD! HFSC[@ESAK@KYF@ STSYKH

Ylk pftdknt ds dhhemd`k iuk te f cfst en tlk rdjlt ankk. (k ds s`djlt`ysteepdnj wld`k skftdnj en tlk mki. Ylk pftdknt0s husc`ks wkrk c`kfr`y net yktikvkèpki. Ylk rfnjk eb hetden %5/& b`kxden, kxtknsden, fmiuctden, fiiuctdenfni retftden wkrk dn nerhf` rfnjk kxckpt en tlk rdjlt `kj. (fni jrfsp wfs kquf`fni strenj. Ylkrk frk ne dnb`fhhftdens er drrdtftden fni wkfankss prksknt kxckpten tlk rdjlt `kj. Ylkrk wkrk ne centrfcturks er trkhers prksknt. )enks wkrkpf`pfm`k ber nerhf` centeur fni prehdnknck.

Fbtkr lespdtf`dzftden, tlk pftdknt wfs fssksski fjfdn. Ylk jreup lfi tlk

plysdcf` fssksshknt dn tlk leusk eb lds funtdk wlkrk tlky frk stfydnj bersehk tdhk untd tlky bdndsl tlk be`èw'up censu tftdens breh lds iecter.Ivkrytldnj ds nerhf` kxckpt tlft lk lfs std`` teetl ikcfy. Fnetlkr ds tlft, tlkcfst wfs rkhevki breh lds rdjlt ankk rkvkf`dnj fn dncrkfsk fntkrder'pestkrderidhknsden eb tlk ankk. Ylk rdjlt berk`kj mkcehk tldn fni ftrepldki%hf`neurdslki'`dak&, mut en tlk etlkr lfni, lk cfn new hevk tlk fbbkctki ankkfni ds fm`k te wfà sèw`y wdtl tlk usk eb crutcl.

=;


26/59

Bdjurk 71! Hr! H""-6 &d#( rdj(# )nkk .$+# "n $'#kr #(k "/kr$#d"n!

@F4E]FYE]T IDFJNESYDC KFHDNFYDENS

D! Lkh$#"`"j6

4`""-C"h/"nkn#

]k+u`#+ N"rh$` R$ùk+ Sdjnd'd.$n.k

(jm 6?dtldn nerhf` !fùks

Gdbbkrkntdf` 8euntM

"kjhkntkrs ;.dtldn nerhf` vfùk

enecytks ;.62 ;.;6';.;= $ncrkfsk, tlk

=2


27/59

pessdm`k cfusk wkrkY), fni 5F

)`kkidnj Ydhk =06< hdnutks 6'? >dtldn nerhf` vfùks

8èttdnj Ydhk?06< hdnutks ?'6; >dtldn nerhf` vfùks

`ftk`kt =?= 6;?CuO 69dtldn nerhf` vfùks

kfn cerpuscu`frlkhejèmdn %8(&

=;.= pj =2.dtldn nerhf` vfùks

DD! [rdn$`6+d+

K,$h ]k+u`#+ N"rh$` R$ùk+ Sdjnd'd.$n.k

8eèr Nk`èw Odjlt strfw teifra fhmkr

#erhf`

Yrfnspfrkncy "`djlt`y 8èuiy #erhf``y c`kfr ers`djlt`y cèuiy

#erhf`

5kfctdenC "pj #e


28/59

trdp`k plesplftk,fhhenduhmdurftk,fherpleusplesplftk

DDD! ]$-d"`"j6

F! K,$h Wkr'"rhk-? C(k+# $n- WF $n- @$#!

Dh/rk++d"n Dn#kr/rk#$#d"n

)d`ftkrf` ld`fr Oyhplneiks

fy dnidcftk fs sdjn eb dnbkctden

#e etlkr 5khfrafm`kbdnidnjs

#erhf`

4! K,$h Wkr'"rhk-? ] Ankk FW@

Dh/rk++d"n Dn#kr/rk#$#d"n

"uprftk``fr mursdtds, 5ankk

$nb`fhhftden eb tlk mursfk, ykt hdstfakn`y dikntdbdkimkcfusk mursfk ds fiofcknt te tlk synevduh.

"kptdc frtlrdtds, 5 ankkwdtl sebt tdssuk swk``dnj

)kcfusk eb prkkxdstdnj oednt idskfsk %!#"&, fnifccuhu`ftden eb b`udi dn tlk synevduh.

"umclenierf` 8ystberhftden, idstf` 5 bkhurE prexdhf` 5 tdmdf

Ylkrk ds fccuhu`ftden eb lkhesdikrdn, berhdnj skvkrf`cysts.

#e etlkr 5khfrafm`kbdnidnjs

#erhf`

DR! 4d"/+6

E/kr$#d"n Wkr'"rhk-? Gkmrdikhknt fni "ynevkctehy 5djlt ankk

S/k.dhkn? "ynevduh

Jr"++ Ik+.rd/#d"n? Ylk spkcdhkn censdsts eb skvkrf` pdkcks eb mrewnspenjy tdssuks hkfsurdnj 9x9x= chs. Intdrk.

=


29/59

Hd.r"+."/d.Ik+.rd/#d"n?

dcreskctdens rkvkf` brfjhknts eb lypkrp`fstdcsynevdf` tdssuks hest`y dn vd`èus pfttkrn. Ylk strehfds cehpeski eb `frjk ce``kctdens eb lkhesdikrdn'`fiknhfcreplfjks fni befhy ck``s. 8lrendc dnb`fhhfteryck``s frk `dakwdsk skkn.

Id$jn"+d+? Gdbbusk djhkntki !d`èneiu`fr "ynevdtds, rdjlt ankkhfss

Ylk synevduh mdepsy pkrberhki te dstkr eeiy wfs tlreujl tlk brentf`synevkctehy, wlkrkdn tlk tdssuk `dndnj wfs rkhevki. $t ds tlk cenbdrhftery tkststlft lfvk dikntdbdki !#" fs tlk cfusk eb tlk swk``dnj eb tlk 5djlt @nkk eb dstkreeiy. #ursdnj hfnfjkhknt ber tlds kxfh wfs te dnstruct tlk pftdknt fmeut tlkpreckiurkD fni tlft pftdknt hfy rkqudrk pest fnkstlksdf hendterdnjD emskrvfnck ebstrdct fskpsds tlreujleut tlk preckiurk fni dn cfrdnj ber tlk weuniD cehprkssdenirkssdnj te oedntD fni oednt te mk rkstki ber =J leurs te prkvknt lkherrlfjk.

Jknkr$``6? Ylk idfjnesds eb pdjhkntki vd`èneiu`fr synevdtds ds cenbdrhki mymdepsy eb tlk synevduh. Ofmerftery kxfhs fni x'rfy f`se sujjkstki eb bùdirktkntden, lkherrlfjk, `yhplehf, fnkhdf, fni dnb`fhhftden.

=4


30/59

I][J SY[IT

Iruj Hk.($nd+h "' F.#d"n Dn-d.$#d"n C"n#r$dn-d.$#d"n Nur+dnj ]k+/"n+d9d`d#dk+

]d'$h/d.dn

8`fssdbdcftdenM

Fntdtumkrcu`etdcs

4knkrdc #fhkM 5dbfhpdcdn

)rfni #fhkM -fhtrdcdn -ertk

GesfjkM


31/59

S/k.d$` Wrk.$u#d"n+M

(dstery eb dvkr idskfsk,cencurrknt usk eb etlkrlkpftetexdc fjknts,prkjnfncy fni `fctftden.

prehpt`y db sdjns eb syhptehs eb lkpftdtds %yk`èw kyks,fni sadn, nfuskf, vehdtdnj, fnerkxdf, unusuf`tdrkinkss, wkfankss& er eb tlrehmecytepkndf %unusuf`m`kkidnj er mrudsdnj& eccur.

$nstruct tlk pftdknt te rkpert tlk eccurrknck eb bù'`dak

syhptehs %bkvkr, cld``s, hyf`fjdf, fni lkfifclk&prehpt`y.

5dbfhpdcdn hfy eccfsdenf``y cfusk irewsdnkss.8futden pftdknt te fvedi fctdvdtdks rkqudrdnj f`krtnkssuntd` rkspensk te hkidcftden ds anewn.

$nberh fkj tlft sf`dvf, sputuh, swkft, tkfrs, urdnk,

bkcks hfy mkcehk rki'erfnjk te rki'mrewn.

8futden fkj te fvedi usdnj f`cele`, fs tlds hfy

dncrkfsk tlk rdsa eb lkpftetexdcdty.

Ihplfsdzk tlk dhpertfnck eb rkju`fr be`èw'up kxfhs

te hendter prejrkss fni te clkca ber sdik kbbkcts.

D+"nd$:d-

8`fssdbdcftdenM Fntdtumkrcuètdcs

4knkrdc #fhkM $sendfzdi

)rfni #fhkM Iurecexdn

$nldmdts hycemfctkrdf`ck`` wf`` syntlksds fnidntkrbkrks wdtlhktfme`dsh.

%)fctkrdcdif` ermfctkrdestftdc fctdenfjfdnst susckptdm`khycemfctkrdf&

-drst'`dnk tlkrfpy ebfctdvk tumkrcuèsds, dncehmdnftden wdtletlkr fjknts.

reply`fxds fnitrkfthknt ebpu`henfry fni kxtrfpu`henfry Y).

(ypkrsknsdtdvdty,fcutk dvkr idskfsk,prkvdeus lkpftdtdsbreh $sendfzdi.

/mskrvk tlk 9 rdjlts eb fihdndstkrdnj hkidcftden

nfhk`y tlk rdjlt pftdknt, iruj, reutk, rdjlt iesfjk, tdhk,brkqukncy fni iecuhkntftden.

/mskrvk tlk ? rdjlt eb tlk pftdknt nfhk`y tlk rdjlt te

rkbusk, tlk rdjlt te anew tlk fctden eb tlk irujs, fnitlk sdik kbbkcts

8lkca ber lypkrsknsdtdvdty

8lkca ber petkncy mkberk fihdndstkrdnj tlk hkidcftden

$b dsendfzdi evkr iesfjk eccurs, trkfthknt wdtl

36


32/59

GesfjkM


33/59


34/59

(kpftetexdcdty, fnerkxdf,idfrrlkf, nfuskf,vehdtdnj, iysurdf, fcnk,dtcldnj, pletesknsdtdvdty,sadn rfsl, fnkhdf,tlrehmecytepkndf,lypkrurdckhdf,frtlrf`jdf, jeuty frtlrdtds.

S/k.d$` Wrk.$u#d"n+?

4eut, idfmktks hk``dtus,fcutk perplyrdf,prkjnfncy fni `fctftden%sfbkty net kstfm`dslki&.

Gesks tlft kxckki ?lkn uski wdtl surjdcf` hfnfjkhknt eb tumkrcuèsds,

stfrt pyrfzdnfhdik 6 te = wkkas mkberk surjkry fnicentdnuk ber J te 2 wkkas fbtkr tlk surjkry.

Ak#"r"`$.

8`fssdbdcftdenM #enstkredif`

fntd'dnb`fhhfteryirujs

4knkrdc #fhkM

@ktere`fcYrehktlfhdnk

)rfni #fhkM Yerfie`

$nldmdts prestfj`fnidnsyntlksds, preiucdnjpkrdplkrf``y hkidftkifnf`jksdf. F`se lfs fnfntdpyrktdc fni fntd'dnb`fhhftery prepkrtyfni ikcrkfsk pfdn

F-%kr+k ]k$.#d"n+?Grewsdnkss, fmnerhf`tldnadnj, idzzdnkss,kuplerdf, lkfifclk,fstlhf, iyspnkf,kikhf, pf`èr,vfseid`ftden, 4$

"lert :tkrhhfnfjkhknt eb pfdn%net te kxckki < ifystetf` ber f`` reutkscehmdnki.&

"lert'tkrhhfnfjkhknt eb

heikrftk`y skvkrk,fcutk pfdn ber sdnj`k'iesk trkfthknt.

"lert'tkrhhfnfjkhknt ebheikrftk`y skvkrk,

(ypkrsknsdtdvdty,cress'sknsdtdvdty wdtletlkr #"F$Gs hfykxdst, fmer, ik`dvkryer fctftden, prk'erpkrdepkrftdvk usk,anewn f`cele`dnte`krfnck %dnokctden

en`y&

/mskrvk tlk 9 rdjlts eb fihdndstkrdnj hkidcftden

nfhk`y tlk rdjlt pftdknt, iruj, reutk, rdjlt iesfjk, tdhk,brkqukncy fni iecuhkntftden.

/mskrvk tlk ? rdjlt eb tlk pftdknt nfhk`y tlk rdjlt te

rkbusk, tlk rdjlt te anew tlk fctden eb tlk irujs, fnitlk sdik kbbkcts

8lkca ber lypkrsknsdtdvdty

8lkca ber petkncy mkberk fihdndstkrdnj tlk hkidcftden ftdknts wle lfvk fstlhf, fspdrdn'dniuck f``krjy, fni

nfsf` pe`yps frk dncrkfsk rdsa ber ikvkèpdnjlypkrsknsdtdvdty rkfctdens. Fsskss ber rldndtds, fstlhf,fni urtdcurdf.

8errkct lypeve`khdf mkberk jdvdnj aktere`fc.

39


35/59

GesfjkM 6


36/59

fy cfusk fcutk irewsdnkss er idzzdnkss. Fivdsk

pftdknt te fvedi fctdvdtdks rkqudrdnj f`krtnkss untd`rkspensk te hkidcftden ds anewn.

8futden pftdknt te fvedi tlk cencurrknt usk eb f`cele`,

fspdrdn, #"F$Gs, fcktfhdneplkn, er etlkr /Y8hkidcftdens wdtleut censu`tdnj lkf`tl cfrk prebkssdenf`

Hk'kn$hd. F.d-

8`fssdbdcftdenM #"F$G"

4knkrdc #fhkM kbknfhdc Fcdi

)rfni #fhkM

GesfjkM


37/59


kptdc u`ckr, fstlhf,iklyirftden, skvkrkcfridevfscu`fr, rknf`, erlkpftdc idskfsk, jkrdftrdcpftdknts %dncrkfsk rdsa ebfivkrsk rkfctdensDikcrkfsk dndtdf` ieskrkcehhkniki&, clrendcf`cele` uskCfmusk,ldstery eb u`ckr idskfsk.

preènj ceursks eb tlkrfpy.

Fihdndstrftden dn ldjlkr tlfn rkcehhkniki iesks

ieks net prevdik dncrkfsks sdik kbbkcts.

8efihdndstrftden wdtl epedi fnf`jksdcs hfy lfvk

fiidtdvk fnf`jksdc kbbkcts fni hfy pkrhdt èwkr epediiesks.

-er rfpdi dndtdf` kbbkct, fihdndstkr ?; hdnutks mkberk =

lr fbtkr hkf`s. fy mk fihdndstkr wdtl beei, hdà, erfntfcdis te ikcrkfsk 4$ drrdtftden. Yfm`kts hfy mkcruslki fni hdxki wdtl bùdi er beeiD +;;hj tfm`kt cfnmk idsse`vki dn wftkr.

Fivdsk pftdknt te tfak hkbknfhdc fcdi wdtl f bu`` j`fss

eb wftkr fni rkhfdn dn uprdjlt pesdtden ber 6


38/59

prkpfrftdens ber herk tlfn 6;ifys ber pfdn er herktlfn ? ifys ber bkvkr, fni te censu`t lkf`tl cfrkprebkssdenf` db syhptehs pkrsdst er werskn.

8futden pftdknt tlft usk eb hkbknfhdc fcdi wdtl ? er

herk j`fssks eb f`cele` pkr ify hfy dncrkfsk tlk rdsaeb 4$ m`kkidnj.

Fivdsk pftdknt te censu`t lkf`tl cfrk prebkssdenf` db

rfsl, dtcldnj, vdsuf` idsturmfnck, tdnndtus, wkdjlt jfdn,kikhf, m`fca stee`s, pkrsdstknt lkfifclk, er dnbùknzf'`dak synirehk %cld``s, bkvkr, husc`k fclks, pfdn&eccurs.

Ck/($`k,dn

8`fssdbdcftdenM 8kplfèsperdn %fntdmdetdc&

4knkrdc #fhkM 8kplf`kxdn

)rfni #fhkM

GesfjkM )8& ft mkjdnndnjfni iurdnj tlkrfpy

)kberk dndtdftdnj tlkrfpy, emtfdn ldstery te iktkrhdnk

prkvdeus usk eb rkfctdens te pkndcd``dn erckplfèsperdn0s. krsen wdt nkjftdvk ldstery ebpkndcd``dn sknsdtdvdty hfy std`` lfvk fn f``krjdc rkspensk.

3


39/59

5eutkM kr /rkh


(ypkrsknsdtdvdty tepkndcd``dn0s, dhpfdrkirknf` bunctden %iesfjkrkiuctden fni erdncrkfsk iesdnjdntkrvf`&, ldstery eb 4$idskfsk, kspkcdf``yce`dtds, jkrdftrdc pftdknts%censdikr fjk rk`ftkiikcrkfsk dn meiy hfss,rknf`ClkpftdcCcfridfcbunctden, cencurrknthkidcftdens fni clrendcidskfsk stftks&.

jenerrlkf. $nbkctdensiuk te pkndcd``dnfsk'preiucdnjstfplyèceccus.

/mskrvk pftdknt ber sdjns fni syhptehs eb fnfply`fxds

%rfsl, prurdtus, `frynjkf kikhf, wlkkzdnj& idscentdnukiruj fni netdby plysdcdfn dhhkidftk`y db tlksk prem`kheccur. @kkp kpdnkplrdnk, fn fntdldstfhdnk, fnirksuscdtftden kqudphknt cèsk my dn cfsk eb fnfnfply`fctdc rkfctden.

Fihdndstkr freuni tlk cèca ft kvkn`y spfck tdhks te

bdndsl tlk hkidcftden cehp`ktk`y fs idrkctki, kvkn dbbkk`dnj mkttkr. dssks iesk sleuì mk tfakn fs seen fspessdm`k un`kss f`hest tdhk ber nkxt iesk. fy mkfihdndstkrki en bu`` er khpty stehfcl. Fihdndstrftdenwdtl beei hfy hdndhdzk 4$ drrdtftden. "lfak erf`suspknsden wk`` mkberk fihdndstkrdnj. 5kbrdjkrftk erf`suspknsden.

Fivdck pftdknt wle hdssks iesk sleuì mk tfakn fs

seen fs pessdm`k un`kss f`hest tdhk ber nkxt ieskD ienet ieum`k iesk. Fivdsk pftdknt tlft slfrdnj tldshkidcftden ds ifnjkreus.

$nstruct pftdknt te netdby lkf`tl cfrk prebkssdenf` db bkvkr

fni idfrrlkf ikvkèps, kspkcdf``y db idfrrlkf centfdnsmèei, hucus er pus. Fivdsk pftdknt net te trkftidfrrlkf wdtleut censu`tdnj lkf`tl cfrk prebkssdenf .

34


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N[]SDNJ CF]K W@FN

C[KS N[]SDNJ

IDFJNESDS

JEF@S EB CF]KE[YCEHK

C]DYK]DF

N[]SDNJ DNYK]RKNYDEN DHW@KHKNYFYDEN KRF@[FYDEN

Su9*k.#d%k .uk+M

Ylk pftdkntvkrmf`dzki Ksfadtfaunj tulei aunjfaunj d`dlea.B

'Ylk pftdkntvkrmf`dzki tlft ldsankk ds pfdnbu`wlkn lk trdks tehevk dt.

E9*k.#d%k .uk+M

'pftdknt mfrk`yhevks'bfcdf` jrdhfcknetki'pftdknt fppkfrsdrrdtfm`k fni heeiy

Fcutk pfdn rkftkite pest'epkrftdvkrdjlt ankk weuni

dncdsden fskvdikncki my tlkprksknck eb cfst.

Fbtkr nursdnjdntkrvkntden, tlk

pftdknt wd``vkrmf`dzk rk`dkb eb

pfdn fnidncerperftk pfdn

hfnfjkhknttkclndquks dnte

ifd`y dvdnj.

Eu#."hk Crd#krd$?

Ylk pftdknt

dikntdbdks fniusks pfdn

hfnfjkhkntstrftkjdks.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

vkrmf`dzk fniikhenstrftk%nenvkrmf`

6. Inceurfjkvkrmf`dzftden eb bkk`dnjsfmeut pfdn fniclrendcdty eb idskfsk.

5ftdenf`kM Rkrmf`dzftdenprehetks cepdnj.

=. Fsskss bersumokctdvk clfnjks dnpfdn.

5ftdenf`kM Ylk dnidvdiuf`sikscrdptden eb tlk pfdnsknsftden ds f herk rk`dfm`kdnidcfter tlfn emokctdvk

hkfsurkhknts sucl fsclfnjk dn vdtf` sdjns, meiyhevkhknts, fni bfcdf`kprkssden.

?. revdikvfrdkty eb cehbert

' F`èwki pftdknt te vkrmf`dzkbkk`dnjs eb pfdn %ftdknt rftkipfdn fs 9 breh tlk scf`k eb 6'6;, mkdnj 6; fs tlk hestpfdnbu`&.

' 5k`fxftden tkclndquks fniidvkrsdenf` fctdvdtdks wkrkprevdiki ber tlk pftdknt suclfs stery tk``dnj fni ceèrdnjmeeas.

' "ehk dnberhftden fmeut tlkidskfsk preckss wfs jdvknte tlk pftdknt0s bfhd`y suclfs tlk cfusk fni mrdkbpftleplysdeèjy eb dt.

' Fssdstki pftdknt dn ldsnkkis fni prepkrpesdtdendnj.

' Inceurfjki `dstkndnj te

Ft tlk kni eb eur sldbtM

' Ylk pftdknt vkrmf`dzkiKid`d nf affyu sfadt fnjfaunj tului, tf`fjsf nf`fnj sdyf husfadt.B

' Ylk pftdknt uskiidvkrsdenf` fctdvdtdks suclfs ceèrdnj fni p`fydnjwdtl lds ck``plenk, fnitlk etlkr cehberthkfsurks.

' Ylk pftdknt fvedisunnkckssfry hevkhkntseb tlk rdjlt `kj te rkiuckpfdn.

' Ylk pftdknt0s hetlkrneiiki fs f sdjn eb

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41/59

'prksknck eb cfsten tlk rdjlt ankk'sdttdnj en mki

cuks& rk`dkbfniCer centre` ebpfdnCidscehbert.

Ylk pftdknt

ikhenstrftksusk ebrk`fxftden sad``sfni idvkrsdenf`fctdvdtdks fsdnidcftki berdnidvdiuf`sdtuftden.

hkfsurks.

5ftdenf`kM !fdn hfyrkspeni te nen"plfrhfce`ejdcdntkrvkntdens sucl fs oedntpretkctden, kkrcdsk,rk`fftden, fni tlkrhf`heif`dtdks.

J. Ykfclpftleplysde`ejy eb pfdnfni idskfsk preckss.

5ftdenf`kM #ne$`kijk ebsynevdtds fni fppreprdftktrkfthknt hfy lk`p pftdkntte fvedi unsfbk, dnkbbkctdvktlkrfpdks.


42/59

vkneus rkturn, ikcrkfskskikhf, fni hfy rkiuckpfdn.

9. Fvedi usk ebpd``ews unikr `dhms dncfst.

5ftdenf`kM %fn dncrkfskidscehbert my knlfncdnjlkft preiuctden dn tlkirydnj cfst.

+. Inceurfjk idvkrsdenf`fctdvdtdks, k.j. husdc,rkfidnj, p`fydnj qudktjfhks.

5ftdenf`k& 'k`ps idstrfctpftdknts fttkntden brehpfdn fni rkiucks tknsden.

*. Inceurfjk rkst pkrdeis.

5ftdenf`k& 'k`ps rkiuckbftdjuk fni knlfnckscepdnj fmd`dty.

6;.Inceurfjk te centdnukhkidcftden ber pfdn fserikrki.

5ftdenf`k & (dvkn te rkiuckpfdn er husc`k spfshs.

9=


43/59

#ktere`fc ds kbbkctdvk dnf``kvdftdnj menk pfdn $dtl`enjkr fctden fni bk$krsdik kbbkcts.

C[KS N[]SDNJIDFJNESDS

JEF@S EB CF]KE[YCEHKC]DYK]DF


Su9*k.#d%k .uk+?

Ylk pftdkntvkrmf`dzki Kid`daffyu aehfaf`dlea ujtfrunj afy husfadtfni faunj tulei.B

'Ylk pftdkntvkrmf`dzki tlft lkrfrk`y hevks iuk

te pfdn dn tlk rdjltankk.

E9*k.#d%k .uk+?

'pftdknt mfrk`yhevks

$hpfdrki plysdcf`hemd`dty rk`ftki tepfdn er idscehbert

fni rkstrdctdvktlkrfpy %cfst&.

Fbtkr nursdnjdntkrvkntden, tlk

pftdknt wd`` rkjfdnfni hfdntfdn

eptdhf` bunctdenf`hemd`dty.

Eu#."hk Crd#krd$?

Ylk pftdknt

dikntdbdks bfcterstlft dntkrbkrkwdtl hemd`dty.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

hfdntfdnpesdtden ebbunctden.

Ylk pftdknt

6. Fsskssikjrkk eb dhhemd`dtyfni netk pftdknt0spkrckptden eb dhhemd`dty.

5ftdenf`kM !ftdknt hfy mkrkstrdctki my sk`b"vdk$ ersk`b"pkrckptden eut ebprepertden $dtl fctuf`plysdcf` `dhdtftdens.

=. Fsskss nkkiber eccupftdenf` er

plysdcf` tlkrfpycensu`tftden.

5ftdenf`kM Ylkrfpkutdckkrcdsks, prepkr beet$kfr,fni)er fssdstdvk k*udphknthfy dhprevk hemd`dty.

' Fssksski ikjrkk ebdhhemd`dty fni netkipftdknt0s pkrckptden ebdhhemd`dty. (k wfs fbrfdi tehevk lds rdjlt kj wdtl tlkbkfr tlft dt hdjlt m`kki fnicfusk skvkrk pfdn.

' Fssksski nkki bereccupftdenf` er plysdcf`tlkrfpy censu`tftden.

' (k`pki pftdknt fni

sdjndbdcfnt etlkrs dikntdbyknvdrenhkntf` mfrrdkrs tlfthfy dhdt tlk pftdknt0shevkhknt.

' krberhki rfnjk eb hetdenkxkrcdsks eb tlk unfbbkctki

Ft tlk kni eb eur nursdnjcfrk skrvdcksM

' ftdknt dnikpkniknt`ypkrberhs rfnjk ebhetden kxkrcdsks.

' ftdknt trdks te hevk myldhsk`b mut std`` fsas berfssdstfnck breh etlkrsenck dn f wld`k.

' ftdknt prfctdcks fniikhenstrftki prepkrwfy eb crutcl wf`adnj.

' ftdknt fni sdjndbdcfntetlkrs frk fm`k tedikntdby mfrrdkrs tlft

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45/59

sdtuftden, fni prehetks sk`b'idrkctki wk``nkss.

2. Fssdst wdtlhemd`dty my hkfns ebcrutcl fs seen fspessdm`k. $nstruct dn sfbkusk eb hemd`dty fdis.

5ftdenf`kM fr`y hemd`dtyrkiucks cehp`dcftdens ebmki rkst /k.j., pl`kmdtds7 fniprehetks lkf`dnj fninerhf`dzftden eb erjfnbunctden. 6kfrndnj tlkcerrkct $fy te usk fdis dsdhpertfnt te hfdntfdneptdhf` hemd`dty fni pftdkntsfbkty.

9. Inceurfjkdnikpkniknck dnhemd`dty fni fssdst fsnkkiki.

5ftdenf`kM %lfnjks dnhemd`dty hfy kfi te f

ikcrkfsk dn pkrsenf`sfbkty.

+. Inceurfjkdncrkfski b`udi dntfak te=;;;:?;;; hOCify%wdtldn cfridfc

9;


46/59

te`krfnck&, dncùidnjfcdiCfsl oudcks.

5ftdenf`kM #kkps tlk meiy$k`` lyirftki, ikcrkfsdnjrdsa eb urdnfry dnbkctden,stenk berhftden, fnicenstdpftden.




Su9*k.#d%k .uk+?

Ylk hetlkr eb tlkpftdknt vkrmf`dzkiKluyf hfn nf sdyfsf dnyulfB

'Ylk hetlkr

vkrmf`dzki tlft ldssen ds slyrkjfridnj fmeutlds cenidtden, fnistd`` ikprksski tewlft lfi

Gdsturmki meiydhfjk rk`ftki te

plysdcf` fnipsycleèjdcf`clfnjks fniikpknikncydhpeski myikcrkfski

hemd`dty

Fbtkr nursdnjdntkrvkntdens, tlk

pftdknt wd``$ncerperftk

clfnjks dnte sk`b'cenckpt wdtleutnkjftdnj sk`b'

kstkkh.

Eu#."hk Crd#krd$?

Ylk pftdknt

fifpts teplysdcf` fni

6. Fsskss hkfndnj ebclfnjk te pftdkntC"/,dncùidnj buturkkxpkctftdens fni dhpfcteb cu`turf`Crk`djdeusmk`dkbs.

5ftdenf`kM Yldsnkckssdtftks suppert te

$era tlreujl teeptdhf` rkseùtden.

=. Fcanew`kijk fnifcckpt kxprkssden ebbkk`dnjs eb brustrftden,ikpknikncy, fnjkr,

' Fssksski hkfndnj ebclfnjk te pftdkntC"/,dncùidnj buturk kxpkctftdens.(k mk`dkvki tlft lk cfn seenwfà prepkr`y fni mk fm`k tep`fy wdtl lds brdknis fnisdm`dnjs, fni je mfca dn

sclee`dnj.'Fcanew`kijki kxprkssdeneb bkk`dnjs eb brustrftden,fnjkr, fni lestd`dty.>dtlirfwn mklfvder fni uskeb ikndf` wkrk net emskrvki.


'ftdknt slewki sehksdjns eb dhprevkhkntfni lk wfs fm`k tecehhundcftk wdtl us.

'ftdknt wfs fm`k tefifpt te tlk plysdcf`fni psycleèjdcfclfnjks dhpeski my ldscenidtden. (k kvknvkrmf`dzki tlft lk wfà

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lfppknki wdtl ldsankk.

E9*k.#d%k .uk+?

'pftdknt ds ydnj entlk mki wdtl cfsten tlk rdjlt ankk.'lksdtfnt er rkbuskte fnswkr eurqukstdens.'sly fwfy breh us,fni centdnukp`fydnj wdtl ldsck``plenk.'rfrk`y hevks'bfcdf` jrdhfcknetki.'bkfr eb unspkcdbdccenskqukncksnetki.' clfnjk dnplysdcf` cfpfcdtyte rksuhk re`kDclfnjk dn secdf`

dnve`vkhknt

psycleèjdcf`clfnjksdhpeski my ldscenidtden.

Ylk pftdknt

vkrmf`dzksfcckptfnck eb

sk`b dn sdtuftden.

Ylk pftdknt

dikntdbdksstrftkjdks tecepk wdtlf`tkrki sk`b'cenckpt.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

knlfnck sk`b'kstkkhtewfris ldsprksknt stftk.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

usk kbbkctdvk

cepdnjmklfvders berikf`dnj wdtlfctuf` erpkrckdvki`dhdtftdens fni

jrdkb, fni lestd`dty. #etkwdtlirfwn mklfvder fniusk eb ikndf`.

5ftdenf`kMFcckptfnck ebtlksk bkk`dnjs fs f nerhf`rkspensk te $lft lfseccurrki bfcd`dtftksrkseùtden. t ds net lk`pbu`

er pessdm`k te pusl pftdkntmkberk rkfiy te ikf` $dtlsdtuftden. =kndf` hfy mkpreènjki fni mk fnfifptdvk hkclfndshmkcfusk pftdknt ds netrkfiy te cepk $dtl pkrsenf`prem`khs.

?. (k`p tlk pftdknt dikntdbytlk k`khknts eb centreèvkr idskfsk syhptehsfni trkfthknt.

5ftdenf`kM Ylk dnidvdiuf`ssk`b"cenckpt hfy mkf`tkrki my tlk idskfsk erdts trkfthknt.J. Inceurfjk tlk pftdknt0s

vkrmf`dzftden eb bkk`dnjs,pkrckptdens, fni bkfrs.

- Inceurfjk tlk pftdkntte fsskss prkskntsdtuftden fni dikntdbyprem`khs.

'>k fssdstki tlk pftdkntdikntdby tlk k`khknts ebcentre` evkr tlk idskfsksyhptehs my bfcd`dtftdnj ldhte cehhundcftk wdtl us fnif`se fivdski tlk pftdknt etlkrcentre` hkfsurks te idvkrt ldsfttkntden fwfy breh lds

prksknt cenidtden.

' >k f`se ikvdski f p`fn enlew te cepk up wdtl lds ifd`ysk`b'prkskrvftden.

' >k fivdski tlk pfrknts ebtlk pftdknt te centfct ldsbrdknis fni rk`ftdvks tedhprevk er te cepk up wdtl ldspsycleèjdcf` clfnjks dn lds`dbk.

'revdiki ldh tlk fssurfnckeb mkdnj fm`k te wfà seenwdtleut tlk fdi eb crutclks,mut eb ceursk lk wfs teì tlftlk nkkis te be`èw tlkidscusski dntkrvkntdens.

'Inceurfjki knikfvers tejdvk weris eb knceurfjkhkntfni prfdsks kvkrytdhk lk trdkste wfà dnikpkniknt`y.

' Inceurfjki fni kxp`fdnki

sèw`y wdtl nefssdstfnck breh etlkrpkep`k.

'ftdknt vkrmf`dzkifwfrknkss eb lds d``nkss,trkfthknt, fni rkcevkry.(k rfrk`y mkcehksheeiy fni net fnyherklestd`k te etlkr pkep`k.

'(k new unikrstfnistlk dhdtftdens dhpeskimy lds cenidtden, fni dsnew fm`k te cfrk berldhsk`b

9:


48/59

re`k clfnjks. - Fssdst te dikntdby pfstcepdnj hkclfndshs.

5ftdenf`kMYlk dnidvdiuf`scepdnj strftkjdks rkb`kcttlk strknjtl eb lds er lkrsk`b"cenckpt.


49/59

rklfmd`dtftden jef`s.

5ftdenf`kM 9eris ebknceurfjkhknt cfn suppertikvkèphknt eb pesdtdvkcepdnj mklfvders.

+. Inceurfjkbfhd`y dntkrfctden wdtl

kfcl etlkr.5ftdenf`kM Hfdntfdns)epkns`dnks eb cehhundcftden fniprevdiks enjednj suppertber pftdknt fni bfhd`y.




Su9*k.#d%k .uk+?

Ylk hetlkrvkrmf`dzki,Ktdnutuùnjfn nf`fnj nfhdnj

sdyfnj hf`dje,hfjmdlds, fthfjmfnye afsdnjf ifld` sf pffnyf.B

"k`b'8frk Gkbdcdt,rk`ftki te dhdtkirfnjk eb hetdenfni tkhperfry

huscuèsak`ktf`dhpfdrhknt.


pftdknt wd`` mk fm`kte pkrberh sk`b'cfrk fctdvdtdksdnikpkniknt`y.

Eu#."hk Crd#krd$?

Ylk pftdknt

dikntdbdksbfcters tlft

6. Fssdst pftdknt te dikntdbysk`b'cfrk ikbdcdts fnibfcters tlft dntkrbkrkwdtl fmd`dty te pkrberhsk`b'cfrk fctdvdtdks.

5ftdenf`kM Ylk fmd`dty tepkrberh sk`b"cfrk fctdvdtdksds dnbùkncki my tlkidskfsk fctdvdty fni tlkfccehpfnydnj pfdn,stdbbnkss, bftdjuk, husc`k$kfankss, dhdtki hetden,

' Fssdstki pftdknt te dikntdbysk`b'cfrk ikbdcdts, fni tlkbe`èwdnj wkrk fmeutmftldnjClyjdknk,irkssdnjCjreehdnj fnited`ktdnj. 8fst en tlk rdjlt

ankk, fni tlk prkskncks ebpfdn frk tlk be`èwdnj bfcterstlft dntkrbkrk wdtl lds fmd`dtyte pkrberh sk`b'cfrkfctdvdtdks.


' Ylk pftdknt neiikifni rkspeniki te tlktkfcldnjs eb tlk nursks.

' !krmf`dzkiunikrstfnidnj eb tlkhktleis ber hkktdnjsk`b'cfrk nkkis wdtldn`kvk` eb ewn fmd`dty.

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E9*k.#d%k .uk+?

'ikpkniknt te ldshetlkr.'hdsdntkrprktftdeneb lds cenidtden,tldnadnj tlft lksleuì f`wfys mken mki.'prksknck eb cfsten tlk rdjlt ankk'pftdknt dn crutclwfàdnj'vkrmf` rkpert ebpfdn upen hevdnjtlk fbbkctkikxtrkhdty.'wkfa

dntkrbkrk wdtltlk fmd`dty tepkrberh sk`b'cfrk fctdvdtdks.

Ylk pftdknt

dikntdbdks fniusks f`tkrnftdvk

hktleis berhkktdnj sk`b'cfrk nkkiswdtldn kvk` ebewn fmd`dty.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

ikhenstrftktkclndquksC`dbksty`k clfnjks tehkkt sk`b'cfrknkkis.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

dikntdbypkrsenf`rkseurcks tlft

cfn prevdikfssdstfnck.

fni ikprkssden.

=. Gkvk ep f p fn mfskien tlk pftdknt0spkrckptdens fniprderdtdks en lew tekstfm`dsl fni fcldkvkjef`s te hkkt sk`b'cfrk

nkkis, dncerperftdnjoednt pretkctden, knkrjycenskrvftden, fni werasdhp`dbdcftden cenckpts.

- Inceurfjk te uskfppreprdftk fssdstdvkikvdcks.

- 5kdnberck cerrkct fnisfbk usk eb fssdstdvkikvdcks.

- F`èw pftdknt te centre`tdhdnj eb sk`b'cfrkfctdvdtdks.

- Ixpèrk wdtl tlk pftdkntidbbkrknt wfys tepkrberh idbbdcu`t tfsas erwfys te kn`dst tlk lk`peb sehkenk k`sk.

5ftdenf`kMFssdstdvkikvdcks hfy knlfnck sk`b"cfrk fmd`dtdks. bbkctdvk

' Gdscusski wdtl tlk bfhd`ytlk dhpertfnck eb fssdstfnckfni judifnck eb tlk c`dknt.

' Inceurfjk pftdknt te fsa berlk`p wlkn nkckssfry.

' Yfujlt pftdknt tlk prepkrwfy eb crutcl wfàdnj fnietlkr sfbkty prkcfutdens.

' "ujjkstki usk eb fmfcapfca ber lds tldnjs.

' Gdscusski fni kxp`fdnkitlk iksdrki idktfry nkkis.' Gktkrhdnki pftdknt0s sad``sfni dhdtftdens.

' Ylk pftdknt fsaki ldshetlkr te ie tldnjs myldhsk`b, ykt lk std``nkkis tlk fssdstfnck ebbfhd`y hkhmkr.

'ftdknt ds netcehp`ktk`y ikpkniknt.

'ftdknt mkcfhkiktkrhdnki tlft lk cfnnew ie tldnjs tlft lkwfs dncfpfm`k ebdhpeski my ldscenidtden.

;7


51/59

p`fnndnj ber clfnjks hustdnc`uik tlk pftdknt $lehust fcckpt fni fiept tlkp`fn.

?. "ujjkst usk eb fmfcapfca.

5ftdenf`kM !revdiks p`fckte cfrry nkckssfry frtdc`ksfni `kfvks lfnis brkk tehfndpu`ftk crutclks.

J. Gdscuss idktfry nkkis.

5ftdenf`k& F `e$"bft idkt$dtl fik*uftk *uf`dtypretkdn fni rdcl dncf`cduh prehetks lkf`dnjfni jknkrf` $k``"mkdnj.


52/59

2. revdik bercehhundcftden fhenjtlesk wle frk dnve`vkidn cfrdnj berCfssdstdnjtlk c`dknt.

5ftdenf`kM nlfncksceeridnftden fni centdnudtyeb cfrk.




Su9*k.#d%k .uk+?

Ylk hetlkrvkrmf`dzki tlfttlky ien0t lfvk

kneujl anew`kijkfni kxpkrdknck dnprepkr cfrdnj ebtlk cfst fni lewte cfrk ber tlkankk wlkn cfst dsrkhevki.

@new`kijk ikbdcdtrkjfridnjcenidtden,prejnesds,

trkfthknt, fni

sk`b'cfrk rk`ftkite unbfhd`dfrdtywdtl dnberhftden

rkseurcks.


pftdknt fni "/ wd``fcqudrk fni fpp`y

anew`kijk dn

prepkr cfrdnj bertlk pftdknt dn fnieut eb tlk lespdtf`

dnikpkniknt`y.

Eu#."hk Crd#krd$?

6. Gdscuss idktfry nkkis.

5ftdenf`k& F `e$"bft idkt$dtl fik*uftk *uf`dtypretkdn fni rdcl dn cf`cduhprehetks lkf`dnj fni

jknkrf` $k``"mkdnj.

=. $nstruct pftdkntC "/ tehfssfjk sadn fni menyprehdnkncks.

5ftdenf`kM 2kiucks

' Gdscusski fni kxp`fdnkitlk idktfry nkkis. Fni jfvktlkh kxfhp`ks eb beei.

'$nstructki pftdkntC "/ tehfssfjk sadn fni meny

prehdnkncks.

'Fivdski pftdkntC"/ te fvedidnskrtdnj emokcts dnsdik cfsts.

'$nstructki pftdkntC "/ tehfssfjk tlk sadn freuni tlk


- Ylk pftdkntvkrmf`dzkiunikrstfnidnj eb tlk

be``ewdnjdnstructdens. (k kvknfsaki lds hetlkr tewrdtk dt iewn bertlkh net te berjkt.

- Ylk pftdknt

;=


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E9*k.#d%k .uk+?

'`dhdtkihevkhknts wld`ken mki'prksknck ebcrutcl ft tlkmkisdik.'prksknck eb cfsten tlk rdjlt ankk.'dnfccurftk be``ew'tlreujl ebdnstructdens'fsadnj berdnberhftdenrkjfridnj fmeuttlk prepkr cfrdnjeb tlk ankk wlkntlk cfst dsrkhevki.'wlkn fsaki fmeutwlft te ie, tlkyien0t fnswkr.

Ylk pftdknt fni

"/ wd``vkrmf`dzkunikrstfnidnjeb cenidtden,prejnesds, fnipetkntdf`cehp`dcftdens.

Ylk pftdknt fni

"/ wd``cerrkct`ypkrberhnkckssfrypreckiurks fnikxp`fdn rkfsensber fctdens.

Ylk pftdknt wd``

dikntdbypkrsenf`Ccehhundtyrkseurcks tlftcfn prevdikfssdstfnck.

prkssurk en susckptdm`kfrkfs fni rdsa ebfmrfsdens)sadn mrkfaie$n.

?. $nstruct pftdkntC"/ tefvedi dnskrtdnj emokctsdnsdik cfsts.

5ftdenf`kM :


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5ftdenf`kM %futdeus uskcfn lfstkn irydnj.

2. $ikntdby sdjnsCsyhptehs rkqudrdnjhkidcf` kvf`uftden, k.j.,skvkrk pfdn, bkvkrCcld``s,beu` eiersD clfnjks dnsknsftden, swk``dnj,murndnj, nuhmnkss,tdnj`dnj, sadnidsce`erftden, pfrf`ysds,wldtkCcee` teks erbdnjkrtdpsD wfrh spets,sebt frkfs, crfcas dncfst.

5ftdenf`kM !rehptdntkrvkntden hfy rkiuckskvkrdty eb cehp`dcftdenssucl fs dnbkctden)dhpfdrkicdrcu`ftden. ?etk&


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' $nstruct pftdknt te centdnukkxkrcdsks fs pkrhdttki

5ftdenf`kM 2kiucksstdbbnkss fni dhprevksstrknjtl fni bunctden ebfbbkctki ktrkhdty.

' $nberh pftdknt tlft tlk sadn

unikr tlk cfst ds cehhen`yhett`ki fni cevkrki wdtlscf`ks er crusts eb ikfisadn.

5ftdenf`kM t $d`` mk skvkrf`$kkas mkberk nerhf`fppkfrfnck rkturns.

' >fsl tlk sadn jknt`y wdtlsefp, pevdienk'deidnk%)ktfidnk&, er p(dseGkrh,fni wftkr. Oumrdcftk wdtl fpretkctdvk khe``dknt.

5ftdenf`kM ?k$ sadn dsktrkhk`y tknikr mkcfusk dtlfs mkkn pretkctki mknkftlf cfst.

' $nberh pftdknt tlfthusc`ks hfy fppkfr b`fmmyfni ftrepldki %`kss husc`khfss&. 5kcehhknisuppertdnj tlk oednt fmevkfni mk`ew tlk fbbkctki pfrt

;;


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58/59


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4D4@DEJ]FWLT

Yurka, "fhuk` O. Er#("/$k-d.+< Wrdn.d/`k+ $n- #(kdr F//`d.$#d"n+ 32 #( K-d#d"n;!ld`fik`pldfM 3.). Odppdncett 8ehpfny, 6*+J.

(uktlkr, "uk, kt f`. W$#("/(6+d"`"j6< Y(k 4d"`"jd. 4$+d+ '"r Id+k$+k dn F-u`#+$n- C(d`-rkn 3n- K-d#d"n;! dsseurdM esmy'Nkfr )eea $nc., 6**J.

"eikhfn, >d``dfh, kt f`. W$#("`"jd. W(6+d"`"j6 Hk.($nd+h+ "' Id+k$+k! >kst>fsldnjten, ld`fik`pldfM >.). "funikrs 8ehpfny, 6*9J.

"kk`y, "tkplkns, kt f`. Fn$#"h6 $n- W(6+d"`"j6 30#( K-d#d"n;! #kw NeraM c'4rfvk'(d`` 8ehpfndks, $nc., =;;?.

"adiherk'5etl, Odnif. H"+965+ Nur+dnj Iruj ]k'krkn.k!dsseurdM esmy, $nc.,=;;d``dfhs fni >dàdns, =;;J.

5ksnda G, kis. Id$jn"+d+ "' 4"nk $n- O"dn# Id+"r-kr+ 32#( K-d#d"n;!ld`fik`pldfM F "funikrs, =;;=.

)rfve ", >dnf`sad 8", >kdsshfn )#. Wdjhkn#k- Rd``"n"-u`$r S6n"%d#d+!5fide` 8`dn #ertl Fh, 6**2.

Fmk``, Fni urrfy, kt f`. $ntkrnftdenf` F.$-kh6 "' W$#("`"j6 H"n"jr$/(d``dfhs fni >dàdns 8ehpfny, 6*92.

)ldhfnd, kknksl, kt f`. Kdjhkntki !d`èneiu`fr "ynevdtds eb tlk (dp [email protected] www.fhkrdcfnfcfikhyebbf.ceh. /ctemkr 6, 6***.

K-unctdens eb f "ynevdf` 3ednt.A lttpMCCwww.mmc.ce.uaCsclee`sCjcskmdtksdzkCpkCfnftehyCoedntsrkv=.slth`C

K"ynevdtds.B lttp?//www.ankk6.ceh/cfrk/cenidtden=7.cbh/67

Case Study PVNS-Final Draft

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