BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

BIMVillageImmersionProgram2019–CaseStudy–BananasintheNilgiris

-Sudharsan.S

Thiscasestudyiswri=enbasedontheexperiencesoftheauthorandateamofstudentsduringtheBIMVillageImmersionProgramvisitsonAugust,2019.Theauthorthanksallthemembersinvolvedintheprogramforthiscasestudy.

BANANAINTHENILGIRIS:Banana,aptlycalled‘Kalpatharu’isagiantherbandafood/fruitcropculNvatedallovertheworld.IndiaisthelargestproducerofBanananexttoBrazil.TheBananafruitisedibleandtheBananaleavesareusedanaturalplate.ThestemofafewvarieNesofBananaisalsoeaten.

IntheNilgirisDistrict,BananaculNvaNonhasbeenhappeningfromNmeimmemorial.‘Nendran’varietyofBananaisgrownherepredominantly.Thecroptakesalmost10monthstogrow.

HOWMUCHBANANAISPRODUCEDINTHENILGIRIS?TheTamilNaduHorNcultureDepartmentesNmatedthatduringthelastyear,18,308.67tonnesofbananawas produced in the Nilgiris district. The area under culNvaNon was 732.35 hectares. The averageproducNvitywas24.33tonnesperhectare

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CHARACTERISTICOFNENDRANBANANA:Thereisaconsiderablediversityinplantstature.Bunchhas5-6handsweighingabout6-12kg.FruitshaveadisNnctneckwiththickgreenskinturningbuffyellowonripening.Fruitsremainstarchyevenonripening.

ISTHEREANYSEASONALITYINBANANACULTIVATIONINTHENILGIRIS?Majorityofthe‘Nendran’produceisplannedinNilgirisfortheOnamfesNvalseason(June–August)–asthepriceof theNendranbanana isusually thehighest inthatseason.AsmallproporNonof thefarmersgrow the crop aiming at other seasons through-out the year; but they are mostly contract growers.IrrespecNve of the grower type, the banana stems are just being wasted acer harvest or from fallen /damagedtrees.

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

HOWMUCHISAKILOOFBANANASOLDFOR?TheaveragepriceforonekiloofBananais40Rupees(BasedonpricedatafromOotyUzhavarSandhai–averagepricein2017)

GUDALURANDPANDHALURTALUKSWevisitedbananagrowersinthefollowingvillagesinthe‘Gudalur’and‘Pandhalur’taluks-

1. Thorapalli

2. Puthoorvayal

3. Cheromuli

4. Kunthaladi

5. Kothravayal

6. Uppah6thvayal

Wehadadministered2surveystothevillagers inthevillagesthatwe’dvisited.SimplerandomsamplingmethodologywasemployedinadministeringthesesurveysandcollecNngthedata. Afirstsurveywastocreateabaselinedataforthevillagesandasecondsurveythatwasfocussedonunderstandingthebananagrowersandtheirbusinessinthesevillages.Kindlyfindthesummaryofthedatacollectedfromthesecondsurveyhere-

• BananaFarmerSurvey:

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

1. LocaPon:Thereare5panchayatsunderGudalur.ThemajorvillagesgrowingbananasareThorapalli,Pu=hurvayal,Cheromuli,Kunthaladi,KothravayalandUppah6thvayal.

2. Variety of banana: Nendram is the variety of banana which is grown by all the farmers. Othervarietywhichcanbegrownhereis‘Yeethavazha’,butduetohighermargins,‘Nendram’ispreferredbyallthefarmers.

1. HarvesPngseason:ThemajorharvesNngisdoneinthemonthofJulytoAugust.Butthebananaisbeingharvestedthroughouttheyearbysmallscalefarmers.

2. AreaunderculPvaPon: ThetotalgeographicalareaofGudalurTaluk is72,171hectaresofwhich53.0%inforestandunculNvablelandand56.0%isculNvablearea.OutofthetotalculNvatedarea65.7% isunderperennial and14.3% isunderannuals.Around730acresof land isunderbananaplantaNoninGudalurTaluks.Afarmerusuallytakesupalandrangingfrom0.5acresto11acresforbananaplantaNon.Onanaverageafarmerhas2acresoflandforbananaplantaNon.

3. ProducPon:OnanaveragevillagearoundGudalurareproducingaround40tonnesofbananaonanaverageperyear.Thisleavesequalamountofwastagewhichisnotused.TheuseofchemicalferNlizersisalsohighdespiteofthefactthereishighavailabilityoforganicferNlizerswhichcomesfromcomposNngofwaste.

4. Labour:Mostlylabourisusedinthefieldsforatleast2months,onceduringtheNmeofsowingandonceduringtheNmeofharvesNng.Onaverageafarmerrequires43workersaccordingtothesurvey.Atmaximumhecanemployupto100labourorminimumzeroandworkonthefieldsbyhimselfdependingupontheworkforcerequired.

5. Investment:PeoplearenotabletoavailbankloanduetomoreformaliNesandpa=aissuessotheyaremostlydependentonthemoneylenderswithhighinterestrate.SomealsoavailgoldloansforfarmingacNviNes.

6. Contract/Lease:SmallfarmerswhoculNvatesin2-3acresmajorlyinvolvedincontractfarmingwhereaslargefarmersareabletosustainwiththeirowninvestment.Contractsareonlyforthebananafruitandnotforanyotherpartofthetree.MostofthefarmersareculNvaNnginleasedlandswhichboundsthemtoselltheyieldatmarketpricetothecorrespondinglandowner.

7. MarkePngcondiPons:FarmersmajorlyharvestthecropintheperiodofOnamandVishu,themajorKeralafesNval.ThepriceofthecropfluctuatesaspertheyieldtheyproduceandtheyaremajorlydependentuponthemiddlemenfromKerala.Thepriceofthebananamayvaryfrom20-40rupeesperKgdependinguponthedemandinmarketsinKerala.

8. Problems:ThemajorproblemfacedbybananafarmersarethepricefluctuaNonsduetodemandandsupply.OtherthanthatduetonaturalcalamiNessuchaswind,rain,someNmesscarcityofwateralsoaffectstheproducNonofthecrop.Wildanimalslikeelephant,pigareamajorthreattothefarm.Theyinvadethefarmlandanddestroythecrops.

9. Spoilage/Wastematerial:NoneoftheproductsotherthanbananaisuNlizedleavingbehindstem,bark,andleavesaswastematerial.ToanextendtheyarecomposNngthewastebutnotuNlizingitefficientlycausingalotofspoilageacertheharvesNngisdone.

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

10. Governmentscheme/Subsidy:Thefarmersaremostlynotawareofthegovernmentschemesandtheyarenotabletoclaimtheinsuranceincaseofcropfailure.Gehngloanandotherschemesarenotpromotedtothefarmers.Somedonotevenknowtheexistenceoftheseschemes.

11. Technologicalawareness:ThepeoplearehighlyunawareofthetechnologiesregardingtheproducNonandproductmanufacturing.TheyaresNllsNckingtothetradiNonalmethodsoffarmingandtheyarecomplacentwithsellingoftheiryieldstothemarketthantryingtomakeproductsthemselves.AlthoughthereisbigpotenNalinthebananaproductswhichissNlluntappedbythesefarmersandthefarmersalsohaveahighlyposiNveahtudetowardsadapNngnewertechnologiesaswellasbe=erproducNontechniques.Mostofthemarereadytoaccepttheequipmentandmachineryiftheyseebenefitsinit.

Here is an indicaNve profile of a typical banana grower (based on the interacNonwe hadwith bananagrowersfromtheabovemenNonedvillagers)–

1. Landholding–2to5acres(Onanaverage)

2. No.ofworkersemployed–5to20(acrossdifferentstages)

3. YieldofBananaperacre–6,000Kg(6tonnes)

4. ThetotalinputcostperacreisRs.65,472/-

5. ThetotalprofitperacreisRs.1,74,528/-

6. ThetotalprofitperkgofbananaisRs.29/-

7. Atpresent,manybananagrowersselltheirproducetotheMandi.NovalueaddiNonofanysortisdone.

Table1.1–AverageInputCostsforBananaCulPvaPon

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

Banana-CostvsBenefitforculPvaPoninoneacre

AcPvity Cost

Suckers 10000

ManuresandFerNlizers 22602

LandPloughing&Levelling 3600

BedandChannelFormaNon 10000

CormtreatmentbeforeplanNng(paringandpralinage) 200

PitmakingandplanNng 4000

CropprotecNonchemicals 1170

FerNlizerapplicaNoncharges 1600

CropprotecNonChemicalapplicaNoncharges 800

Weeding 2500

Earthing-up 4000

CostofsupporNngtwingswithcasuarinapolesorNeingwithrope 5000

TotalCostperacre 65472

Averageyeildperacre(kilograms) 6000

Averagecostperkilogram 40

Averagerevenueperacre 240000

Averageprofitperacre 174528

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

WHATCOMMONPROBLEMSDOBANANAFARMERSFACEINBANANACULTIVATIONACTIVITY?From our interacNons with the Banana growers and from the official data from Uzhavar Sandhai, weobservedthatinthelastyear(2017),thepricevariedfromaminimumofRs.20perKgtoamaximumofRs.40perKg.Thesevagaries inprice is themajorproblemfor farmers. InaddiNon, thebananapseudo-stemfrequentlyfallsdown–duetowind/rain–ocenbeingwasted.Acerharvest,thepseudo-stemsareagainwasted(onlyasmallminoritychopitdownanduseitasasupplementforbiomanure).

The harvesNng acNvity stretches for months during the season and any undulated market condiNonsdirectlyhittherevenueofthebananagrower.TheclimaNcvagariesofwind,highdaytemperature,watershortageaffectstheyieldresulNnginforcedripeningofbananafurtherreducetheincomeofthefarmer.Theperishingnatureof the fruit doesnotpermit for storage andhigh volumeof arrivals during seasonbringsdownthesellingpriceleveleventually.

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Picture–Atypicalbananafarm

PRODUCTSFROMBANANA:

BananaPowder:

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BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

Picture-BananaPowder

K+ Potassium rich and gluten free, best addiNve to Chapah, Paratha, weaning food for babies andkheerpreparaNonaddsnaturalsweetenerforhealthytaste.

DehydratedBanana:

Figsarepreparedbypeeling,disinfecNonanddehydraNoninhotairovenorsolardryerandtheproductisstable up to 3months at room temperature. The figs are tasty, highly nutriNous and help in nutriNonalsecuritybyprovidingallthenutrientsinbananafruitsintheconcentratedform.Itcanbeadoptedbysmallandmedium scale entrepreneurs/ industries and can create rural employment opportuniNes. It is readymadeenergy food suitable for children, sports persons, armypersonnel andmountaineers.Now-a-days,bananafigisbeingpreparedbyusingsolardriers.

UsesofDehydratedBanana:

1. CheaperthanexisNngdryfruitsavailableinthemarket.

2. Dehydratedproductcanbestoreduptothreemonths.

3. Helps in nutriNonal security by providing all type of nutrients (such as carbohydrate, vitamins,mineralsanddietaryfiber)

4. Can be incorporated in many recipes such as cakes, custard, biscuits, payasam, kesari and icecreamsasasubsNtuteforraisin.

5. CanberecommendedparNcularlyforSchoolandAdolescentChildren

BananaFibre:

BananaFibreisextractedfromthepseudostemSheathoftheplant.TheextracNoncanbedonemainlyinthreeways:Manual,chemicalandMechanical.Ofthese,mechanicalextracNon is thebestwaytoobtainFibre of both goodquality and quanNty in an eco-friendlyway. In this process the Fibre is extracted byinserNng thepseudostemsheathsonebyone intoa raspadormachine.The raspadormachine removesnon-fibrousNssuesandthecoherentmaterial fromtheFibrebundlepresent inthesheathandgivesthefineFibreasoutput.AcerextracNon, theFibre is shadedried foradayandpacked inHDPEbags. ThenextracNon,thenitisstoredawayfrommoistureandlighttokeepitingoodcondiNonunNlitisused.

UsesofBananaFibre:

1. Tomakecurrencies,bondpapers,andspecialtypaperswhichcanlastfor100years

2. Asaverygoodreplacementforwoodpulpinpaperindustry,asithashighcellulosecontent,thusreducingtheEnvironmentalimpactofdeforestaNon

3. Inmakingcompositematerialsasareplacementforfibreglass

4. Formanufacturingma=resses,pillowsandcushionsinthefurnitureindustry.

5. Inhandicrac,extensivelyformakingbags,purse,mobilephonecover,doormats,curtains,andyogamats

6. InthemanufactureoftexNles

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

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HandmadeproductsfromSheaths:UsageofplasNchasaffectedtheenvironmentonalargescale.ThesesheathproductsareanalternaNveto them.Variousproductsaremade fromthis sheathsuchasbasket,cupsandropes.ThisaidstoemployabilityofwomenmajorlyirrespecNveoftheeducaNon.

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

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Picture-MakingofHandmadeProductsUsingBananaSheath

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BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

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Picture-BananaFibreExtracPon&Products

QUESTIONS:

1. Usingthedatainthecaseandotherrelevantsecondarydata,comeupwithasustainablesoluNontohelpimprovethelivelihoodofthebananafarmersintheNilgiris.

2. CreateanenterpriseplanforthesoluNonthatyoupropose.TakenecessaryassumpNonswhereverneeded.

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

ANNEXURE-1

FIBERYEILDFROMNENDRAN:

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(Source:ComposiNonandproperNesoffibreextractedfrompseudostemofbanana(Musasp.)-S.Shivashankar,R.P.NachaneandS.Kalpana)

ANNEXURE-21. BananaFibreExtractor: It ismanufacturedusinghighqualitymaterialssuchasISOCerNfiedSteel

Frames, rust free 304 Stainless steel shac and shields for long life and lowmaintenance. Higher

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

percentageoffibrerecoveryisthehallmarkofthismachine.In8hours,ourmachinecanextract15to19kgofdryfibreofdesired lengthbasedonthevarietyofbananaplantused.Themachine isuser–friendlyandsafeinhandling,withourmachine,farmerscanextractaround150kgfibreperacreandthereforeafarmerwith10acrescanextractaround1.5tonsoffibreearningaroundrs.1lakh in twomonths,excludingexpenses.Apart fromthefibre, thescutcherwastecanbeusedtoproducevermin-compostforuseinthefarmer’sownfieldasamanurewhichisavailableatfreeofcost.

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2. BananaMatProducPonMachine–Withacapacityof20matsperday,thismachineiseasytouseandrequiresnopower. Itusesavarietyof twines (nylon/co=on)–perusechoicetoweavethebananafibre.

3. ConPnuous Band Sealer - Band sealers are suitable for sealing individual pouches/bagsautomaNcally. The machine has a variable temperature controller and speed control, to suitdifferent grades of plasNcmaterials Three types ofmodels are availableHorizontal type, VerNcaltypewithfootstandtype.OtherspecialmodelsincludeNitrogenfillinga=achment,vacuumopNon,PrinNnga=achment,andforheavybagssealing

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

ANNEXURE-3QUOTATION

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Dear Sir,

RPK POLYCOAT, CHENNAI-98419 99444

Thank you very much for your enquiry

BIMVIPCaseStudy2019

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