Case Study Klia

BUILDING SERVICES III( QSM 605 )

ELEVATOR/LIFT

GROUP MEMBERS : HASNI BINTI MAT IDRIS 2009488646 NURAZIEAN BINTI ISMAIL 2009609092 NUR AININA BINTI MOHD ALI 2009686544 NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MADZI 2009853364 AMIRA BINTI MOHD HUSSAIN 2009622704 MOHAMAD AZIZI BIN MERSAL 2009481662 HASLINDA BINTI ABDUL KADIR 2009489746 KU MOHD ASYRAF BIN KU AZIR 2009436062 MOHAMAD ZAKARIA BIN SIDEK 2009252802 NURUL FADZILAHWATI BINTI MAHZALAN 2009698566 NURUL TASHIDA BINTI MOHAMMAD TASRIF 2009823792

PREPARED FOR :

CIK NUR HIDAYAH BINTI IDRIS

As a moving platform or cage for carrying passengers or freight from one level to another, as in a building.

The elevator as a platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in vertical shaft to transport people or freight.

The most popular elevator design is the roped elevator. In roped elevators, the car is raised and lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed from below

It used electric motor to moved it. Electric Lift which is function with a

motor that powered by electric that hoisted the lift car up and down

In other hand the hydraulic lift works with lift a car using a hydraulic ram, a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder.

It goes up and down by using the fluid driven system.

http://www.howstuffworks.com/hydraulic.htm

LIFT COMPONENT

ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT

LIFT COMPONENT


1) Lift Car To carry passenger. Travel by track, and hoisted to the lift motor.

To carry passenger. Travel by hydraulic ram on bottom of the lift car

LIFT COMPONENT


2) Buffer To absorb the impact from the lift car, act as a safety device, its located at the bottom of the lift shaft

No buffer for the hydraulic lift , this due to the movement of the car by the hydraulic ram .

LIFT COMPONENT


3) Lift door There are sliding door, 2 side opening doors. This for internal lift door.

Same

4) Landing door

Landing door is provided at each level. It is to provide as a safety to cover opening at each level.

Same

LIFT COMPONENT


5) Lift motor room

The machine room is located at the above the lift shaft as this position reduce the length of the ropes and increase the efficiency. The room must be proper ventilated and well ventilated

The machine room is located at the bottom or side the lift shaft as this position reduce the length. There a few type of the operational for the hydraulic lift1)Direct acting2)Side direct acting3)Direct side acting 4)Indirect acting.

LIFT COMPONENT


6)Guard rail Guide rail is built by using a T- shape metal, the function is to guide the lift car and the counterweight form out from the track and drive it to the vertical movement.

Same.

7) Brake This is fixed at the lift car and motor room. The brake is to allow the car stop, slowing, and preventing form the lift car crash.

Same.

LIFT COMPONENT


8) Counter weight

The counter weight is made by the metal that connected to the lift car, this to balancing the car lift when travelling

No counter weight

LIFT COMPONENT


9) Ram No Ram Allow the fluid to be pump up through the cylinder. The ram will push up the lift car and allow the car to travel level by level.

At the first steps the passengers must press the level button

The door open when the car stop at the required level

Then the passenger push the button at the required level .

Then the system will received the instruction and then send the respond to the system to works the electric motor system

It will process the information, than it will gives feed back to move to which floor required

Electric motor will spin the Sheave that will pull the cable

Counter weight act as balance weight to the lift car to stabilise the weight

The motor stops by command by the control system to ensure it stop at the required level.

Main component 1. Control system2. Electric motor3. Sheave4. Counterweight5. Guide rails6. Lift Car7. Buffer

http://www.howstuffworks.com/elevator.htm/motor.htm

The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system.

The hydraulic system has three parts:

1) A tank (the fluid reservoir)

2) A pump, powered by an electric motor

3) A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir

At the first steps the passengers must press the level button which will indicate to go up or down

Door will open when the car reach at required level.

System will received the instruction and then send the respond to the system to works the hydraulic system

The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe leading to the cylinder

As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes the piston up, lifting the elevator car

When the car approaches the correct floor, the control system sends a signal to the electric motor to gradually shut off the pump

Piston rests on the fluid, and the car stays where it is.

TYPES/DIFFERENCES HYDRAULIC LIFT ELECTRIC LIFTDefinition Is a systems lift a car

using a hydraulic ram a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder

A systems lift car using a motor system housed in the machine room and connected to counterweight.

Speed Moderate speed and travel

High travel speed

Machine Room Positioned in the basement or first floor of the building

Separate machine room

Space Less space More space Safety (in event of fire) Easy access DifficultServices and maintenance

Less maintenance High maintenance

Suitability Suitable for low rise buildings

Suitable for high rise building

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESRequired small plant room to operate the lift.

Cannot be used for tall building.

The installation of hydraulic lift is simple.

The maintenance of hydraulic lift is frequently required.

Car can be lowered manually by the operation of oil valve.

Noise from the pump and motor plus piping noise can be disturbing.

The lift shaft is smaller. Does not have buffer to prevent the falling of the car lift

Lower construction requirement and cost.

Uses a lot of energy

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESAvailable for high rise applications

Lift design consideration is complicated

Quiet and smooth ride Higher installation costFast speed and efficient performance

Need large space

No limitation to the rises up Needs a deeper lift shaft Not require an oil to operate the system

Required completes servicing at regular interval

SPACE

Required more space for lift lobby,

lift shaft, lift machine room, etc.

Basic parameters for elevator traffic

calculations ( lift lobby consideration) :

1) for office buildings - the planned

office space

2) for hotels - the number of hotel

rooms

3) for residential buildings - the

number and size of apartments

Required less space

Does not have lobby which required

uses of a large area.

However its need proper planning to

minimize the area used by escalator by

choosing suitable arrangement of

escalator.

WAITING TIME

Does have waiting time for users.

Waiting time is meant for lift

movement plus lift door to be open.

Average waiting time for :

* office building with prestige : 20-25

sec.

*other buildings : 25-30 sec.

*residential and hotels : 40-100 sec

Does not have waiting time.

Users are freely used the escalator.

REQUIREMENT

Type of building :

*High-rise building (over 5 floors level)

Type of building :

*Commercial Building, example ;

shopping complex, railway station, office

building, etc.

CAPACITY OF USERS / LOADING RATE

Low capacity of users due to size of lift

car and also lift loading rate.

High capacity of users due to no

waiting time required and also high

loading rate of escalator.

Number of passengers the population

of each story is determined by the usable

floor space.

MAINTENANCE COST

High maintenance cost

Maintenance for operation room

(machine), cleaning, etc.

Confined space and high risks to do

the maintenance works at the lift

shaft.

Low maintenance cost

Maintenance for main components

(motor) cleaning, etc.

Open space to do the maintenance,

low risks.

DISTANCE

For long distance travel over a large

number of floors.

For travel over a small number of

floors

(eg : shopping centres, railway

station)

MOVEMENT PATTERN

Vertical movement Inclined movement

Escalator arrangement :

*Parallel

*Multiple parallel

*Cross-over or criss-cross

*Walk around

25 million passengers and one million tonnes of cargo a year.

Operations on June 28, 1998.

The airport is built on 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres - one of the world's largest construction site)

Cost : US$3.5bn

The vertical transportation system is designed to the standard of the latest state-of the – art technology available.

The design took consideration of the functionality of the areas served, security impact and the latest technology available to commensurate with this building.

In general, the vertical transportation design for this building can be categorized into:

Passenger/Service Lifts/Elevators.Car park liftEscalators

Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat (BOMBA)

Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerja (JKKP)

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)

Performance of lifts shall be based on the following parameters:

Car capacity Passenger Lifts : 21 persons / 1450 kg

Fire Lift / Service Lift: 24 persons / 1600 kg

Car Park Lifts : 15 persons / 1000 kg

Car Speed Passenger Lifts : 4.5 m/s (High Zone)

Car Park Lifts : 1.75 m/s

The lift operation drivers systems use at KLIA is electrical drives motor.

The figure shows the combination of escalators and electric lift at KLIA.

Location: Kept as near to the centre of gravity of the car as possible.

The number of guide rails depends upon the loads to be handled and the sizes available for use

The guides are drawn from steel

Guide rails

Guide shoes

The counterweight provides traction between the ropes and sheave, by balancing the weight of the car

Counterweights usually consist of a steel frame of welded.

Counter weight frame

Weight

Hocking down angle

Buffer blocking

Car frame was made by steel and the lift well is from high durability glass

The function of the door operator, or door engine, is to open and close the lift doors in a safe and swift manner.

Various methods are used, but the most common is an electric door operator mounted on top of the car.

When the lift arrives at a floor, a mechanical device couples the car doors to the landing doors.

As the car doors open they also pull open the landing doors.

Electric door operator Motor

Door Hanger

Door Track

Driver Arms

The condition when the sliding door lift at KLIA is opening.

Two-speed-centre-opening

Sliding Door Panel

Door Track

Buffers are placed below the car and counterweight to arrest them should they over travel into the lift pit.

SpringStandStroke

Piston assembly

Buffer

Steel ropes used for hoisting lift cars; each strand consisting of a number of wires

Steel with a high carbon

Rope size: 19mm.

Rope lay: Lang's lay.

Help to make a lift more 'user friendly' and will improve service.

While these items will contribute greatly to the appearance of the lift.

Their prime function is to inform users of what is happening and/or to enable instructions to be given to the lift control system

Some of the fixtures :

Push ButtonLift Position IndicatorHall Lantern/Lobbycar operating panelsany signsmagnetic card readers key-pads

The light indicators give easily view each of the buttons represent the levels.

Indicators should be provided within the car and on the main landing.

On single units, an indicator at all floors is a useful addition which provides users with a visible indication of the progress of the lift.

Hall lanterns should always be provided at each landing for groups of two or more cars and may be provided on single lifts, if desired.

The lantern should illuminate and chime before the car arrives at the floor to alert waiting passengers

At the top of wells located the electric motors.

Case Study Klia

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