UniversitiesandEconomicDevelopmentinAfrica

CASESTUDY:BotswanaandUniversityofBotswanaTracyBailey,NicoCloeteandPundyPillay

Contents

Listoftablesandfigures.........................................................................................................v

Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................vii

Projectgroup.........................................................................................................................ix

Acronymsandabbreviations..................................................................................................x

Glossaryofterms...................................................................................................................xi

HigherEducationandEconomicDevelopmentpublications..............................................xiv

PART1:INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1

1.1 IntroductiontotheHigherEducationandEconomicDevelopmentproject...........1

1.1.1 OverviewofHERANA...................................................................................1

1.1.2 Projectfocusandprocess............................................................................2

1.1.3 Theanalyticalframeworkforthestudy......................................................3

1.1.4 Whattheprojectisnotdoing......................................................................5

1.2 DatacollectionfortheBotswanacasestudy........................................................6

1.3 Thefocusandstructureofthisreport...................................................................6

PART2:THEBOTSWANACASESTUDY:BACKGROUNDANDCONTEXT............................8

2.1 TheBotswanaeconomyandapproachtoeconomicdevelopment.......................8

2.1.1 Economicdevelopment,competitivenessandinnovation.........................8

2.1.2 Economicdevelopmentpolicyandplanning.............................................13

2.2 TheBotswanahighereducationsystem..............................................................14

2.2.1 Thesizeandshapeofthehighereducationsystem.................................14

2.2.2 Highereducationexpenditureandfinancing............................................17

2.3 TheUniversityofBotswana................................................................................18

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2.3.1 Keymomentsinthedevelopmentoftheinstitution................................18

2.3.2 Governanceandstrategicobjectives........................................................19

2.3.3 Institutionalfinances.................................................................................20

PART3:THEROLEOFHIGHEREDUCATIONINBOTSWANA............................................22

3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................22

3.2 Thenationalperspective....................................................................................23

3.2.1 Keynationalstakeholdersinrelationtothepact.....................................23

3.2.2 Theroleofhighereducationinnationalpolicies......................................23

3.2.3 Governanceandpolicycoordination.........................................................24

3.3 TheUniversityofBotswanaperspective.............................................................25

3.3.1 Institutionalnarrative(s)ontheroleoftheuniversity..............................25

3.3.2 Initiativesaroundresearchandinnovation...............................................31

3.3.3 Initiativesaroundteachingandlearning...................................................36

PART4:THEUNIVERSITYOFBOTSWANAACADEMICCORE...........................................40

4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................40

4.2 SETenrolmentsandgraduations........................................................................42

4.3 Postgraduateenrolmentsandgraduations.........................................................46

4.4 Studentstaffratios.............................................................................................50

4.5 Academicstaffqualifications..............................................................................54

4.6 Researchfunding................................................................................................55

4.7 Researchoutputs................................................................................................57

PART5:THEENGAGEMENTANDDEVELOPMENTRELATEDACTIVITIESOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFBOTSWANA.............................................................................60

5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................60

5.2 Engagementandlinkageswithexternalstakeholders........................................60

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5.2.1 Universitygovernmentindustrylinkages................................................63

5.2.2 Incentives,rewardsandcoordination.......................................................68

5.2.3 Summary....................................................................................................69

5.3 Theconnectednessofdevelopmentactivitiestotheacademiccore...................69

5.3.1 Abriefoverviewoftheprojectsandcentres............................................71

5.3.2 Articulation................................................................................................77

5.3.3 Contributiontostrengtheningtheacademiccore....................................82

5.3.4 Analysisoftheconnectednessofdevelopmentprojects/centres............85

PART6:KEYFINDINGS...................................................................................................88

6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................88

6.2 SomemacroobservationsabouthighereducationandeconomicdevelopmentinBotswana.......................................................................................................89

6.3 EvidenceofapactaroundtheroleofhighereducationinBotswana?................91

6.3.1 Notionsoftheroleofknowledgeanduniversitiesindevelopment.........92

6.4 TheacademiccoreoftheUniversityofBotswana..............................................96

6.5 Coordinationandconnectedness......................................................................100

6.5.1 Knowledgepolicycoordinationandimplementation.............................101

6.5.2 Connectednesstoexternalstakeholdersandtheacademiccore...........104

6.6 Concludingcomments......................................................................................106

6.6.1 Factorsimpactingontheuniversityscapacitytocontributetodevelopment............................................................................................107

Listofresources.................................................................................................................109

Appendix1:ListofInterviewees.......................................................................................112

Appendix2:Clusteranalysismethodologyanddata........................................................113

Appendix3:Academiccoreratingdescriptions................................................................117

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Listoftablesandfigures

Tables

Table2.1:GDPpercapitavs.HumanDevelopmentIndexinsubSaharanAfrica(2007).........9

Table2.2:Selectedhighereducationandeconomicdevelopmentindicators.......................11

Table2.3:Globalcompetitivenessandglobalinnovation......................................................13

Table2.4:HighereducationinstitutionsinBotswana............................................................16

Table2.5:UniversityofBotswanagovernmentincome(2000/20012006/2007)................20

Table4.1:Botswana:Totalenrolmentsbyfieldofstudy(thousands)...................................43

Table4.2:Comparisonoftotalscienceandtechnologyenrolments(thousands).................44

Table4.3:Botswana:TotalSETgraduates..............................................................................45

Table4.4:Comparisonoftotalscienceandtechnologygraduates........................................46

Table4.5:Comparisonoftotalpostgraduateenrolmentsinallfieldsofstudy......................47

Table4.6:Botswana:Masteranddoctoralenrolmentsandgraduates..................................48

Table4.7:Comparisonofmastersanddoctoralenrolments..................................................49

Table4.8:Comparisonofdoctoralgraduates.........................................................................50

Table4.9:Botswana:FTEstudentsandacademicstaff..........................................................51

Table4.10:Comparisonofpermanentacademicswithmastersanddoctoraldegrees(2007)...................................................................................................................54

Table4.11:UniversityofBotswana:Researchoutputs..........................................................57

Table5.1:Overviewofthedevelopmentrelatedprojects.....................................................76

Table5.2:Articulatio