case study Bharuch - gswma.gujarat.gov.in story_ Anadara... · 3 Bori Bandh 31 4 Percolation ......
Transcript of case study Bharuch - gswma.gujarat.gov.in story_ Anadara... · 3 Bori Bandh 31 4 Percolation ......
Success story Anadara project IWDP4, Bharuch
GUJARAT STATE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AGENCY (GSWMA)
Rekha Gupta Technical Expert DWDU, Bharuch
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Sixty percent of risky, un‐irrigated and under invested areas of India support 40% of
population contribute 40% of food grain and a vast array of livelihoods and environmental
services. Climatic changes are compounding challenges to livelihood, increasing distresses
and require managing of vulnerabilities, adaptations, coping and mitigation. Participatory
integrated management of resources within watersheds consisting of transparency,
contributions, equity, farming systems and all inclusiveness is a major driver of the current
rural development process. The recent strategy focuses on enhanced farm productivity,
diversification, and income generation through nonfarm activities for landless, assetless
and micro‐enterprising. Improvement in productivity and diversification aims at enhancing
self‐sufficiency and mopping of marketable surplus of small, marginal and subsistence
producers. Improved technologies, credit, insurance, innovative safety‐nets, collective
purchase of assured quality inputs, sale of outputs and value addition have been argued.
As far as Gujarat is concerned, state has different climatic condition. Some part of it
has good rainfall like South Gujarat and some has scarcity of water like Kutch of runn. Like
this some part of the Gujarat state has good irrigation facility and vegetation but others has
drought like Kutch. Draught within 4‐5 years is also common in Bharuch district.
Watershed management is a holistic approach to managing water resources for
quality and quantity within a watershed. The watershed approach is an ongoing cycle of
tasks which includes important steps like planning, data collection, assessment and
targeting, strategy development and implementation. In planning phase, the watershed
unit and resource personnel are identified. Assessment and targeting compare the current
water quality to the established standards for water uses and water quality management in
water supply.
In 1994, a Technical Committee under the Chairmanship of Prof. C.H. Hanumantha
Rao, was appointed to assess the Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) and the Desert
Development Programme (DDP) with the purpose of identifying weaknesses and
suggesting improvements. Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP): IWDP
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was started in 1988‐89 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests with an objective of
development of wastelands based on village/micro‐watershed plans. However, the scheme
was transferred to the Department of Wastelands Development (DWD) now called
Department of Land Resources (DLR), during 1992‐93. The projects under IWDP are being
implemented in 216 districts of the country. Total area treated under IWDP is 6.32 mha
with a capital investment of Rs. 2161.81 crores as on March 2005.
Govt. of India adopted watershed management programme as a strategy to manage
the sustainable livelihood in rainfed area.
This case study focuses on watershed development in Anadhara village Bharuch
Dist. and its impact on it.
Objectives of the Watershed programme
• To analysis the impact of watershed conservation structures on ground water table.
• To analysis of the impact of watershed work (SMC) on crop production and
productivities
• To analysis the impact of livelihood pattern in the project area.
Anadhara Micro watershed project (Taluka Jhagadia, District‐Bharuch) having total
geographical area of 742.7 ha. out of which 450 ha area covered under IWDP‐4. Total
number of population of Anadhara village in 1047 and all are ST population. There are 186
household families in the village. Total literary of the project area is 68.96%. The average
rainfall of the project area is 988.20, physiographic of the soil is moderate slope and
undulating topography. Major soil type of the village is yellowish in colour having 8‐8.5 pH
and inherent situation.
To implement the project in the Anadhara village, several meeting were conducted
with the people and make discussion about the programme how that can be helpful for the
villagers for their development. After that a Watershed committee was formed in the
village for implementing different activities.
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PIA of the project is Taluka panchayat Jhagadia dist. Bharuch and the head NGO is Gram
Nirman Trust. The project was initiated in 2006‐07. A strong watershed committee was
formed with president & secretary to convince the people for the project and support the
PIA. Villages provided good support to them in their work. SHG (women's groups) are also
formed in the village
At present there are 10 watershed structures are there in the village and in production
& livelihood some activities are also going on end the project area.
Table 1 List of watershed activities undertaken in IWDP4 Project
Sr. No. Types of Work Quantum of work
1 Check dam 1
2 New Pond 2
3 Bori Bandh 31
4 Percolation Tank 1
5 Nala Plug 4
6 Stone bunding 6
7 Outlet 3
8 Affoestation 28,27 ha
9 Vermi Compost 2
10 Goucher Development, Fencing
11 Horticulture Plan Distribution 530
12 Horti. Demo Plot 3
13 Crop Demo Plot 13
14 Marigold Demo 1
15 Nursery 2
16 Kitchen Garden Kit
17 Organic Farming
18 Catering
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Impacts of the SMC works
(1) New Pond and outlet: ‐
1.1 New Pond and Outlet was constructed in survey no.270 in 2007. Cost of the pond
was 1.50 lakh and for outlet was 1.06 lakh. This structure has water storage capacity
3927cu.m. This helped the farmers to irrigate the 50 ha. land of surrounding area .
Before the construction of this structure, farmers take only one season crop (Kharif
crop ) in the their field now the farmers use this water for irrigation purpose and increased
their income for growing sugarcane & cotton crop as well as Rabi crop.
Figure:1 New pond and outlet, survey number 270
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1.2 Another New Pond and Outlet was constructed in survey no. 334 in 2008‐09. Cost of
the pond was 1.98 lakh and for outlet was 1.94 lakh. This structure has water storage
capacity 4584 cu.m.
This structure helped the farmers to grow vegetables and other crops in their field.
The water in this pond is available throughout the year. Many farmers are able to take
three season crops in their field.
Figure:2 New pond and outlet, survey number 334
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(2) Check Dam: ‐ Check Dam was constructed in survey no.328 in 2008‐09. Cost of the
pond was 0.90 lakh. The storage capacity of the check dam is 3066.8 cum. Ground water
status of the village is also increased. Water is available in this structure all over the year.
This structure covers about 8‐10 farmer’s field. Now they take cash crops like
sugarcane and cotton in their field. Income of the farmers also increased from this.
Figure:3 Checkdam, survey number 328
(3) Bori bandh: ‐ Bori Bandh (a seasonal small structure) helps the water in certain time
limit. In case of Bori Bandh, the empty cement bags are filled with sand, clay and small
pebbles. Such bags are then stacked one over the other in the channel of the stream
which are not more than 5 meter in width. This method is effective where the depth of
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the stream is not more than one and a half meter and the sides of the stream are of clay.
This structure also helped to the farmers to irrigate their farms.
The cost of the Bori Bandh was Rs. 1500‐3000. This structure controls the velocity
of runoff flow of rain water and save the water for a short time period. Drinking water
problem was standing apart for short time period. Farmers were able to take rabi crops
in their field with 2‐3 irrigation. Every year 10 bori bandh were constructed in this
project area.
Figure:4 Boribandh
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Figure:5 Boribandh
(4) Nala plug: ‐ In year 2007‐08 four nala plug were constructed with the cost of
Rs.130800. This structure was used for checking the velocity of runoff and it helped in
increasing water percolation and improving soil moisture regime.
Impact on ground water level
Before the construction of water harvesting structure there was only few recharging
structure in the village. People had drinking water facility only in rainy season. But in
winter season they face a lot of problem. They digged out about 60‐70 feet deep Bore for
drinking purpose but they used this water only for 1‐2 month. After that they had to go
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about 3‐5‐ km away from the village for drinking water. The ground water table was very
low about 45‐50 mm in the project area. Due to the undulating topography water was
runned away from the field so the famer also unavailable to take double crop in their field.
People also failed to take cotton & sugarcane crop in their field. Irrigation facility in the
village was not available.
But After the watershed harvesting structure like pond, check dam, Boribandh were
constructed suddenly the storage of water started there so the ground water level increase
up to 35‐40mm. Now the farmers don't go hereby village or don't dig any structure for the
drinking purpose. they are able to get drinking water on only 1 feet depth below the
farmer also grow sugarcane & cotton crop in their field and maximum of farmers benefited
by double crops. All the structure are built by carefully side selection of drainage line so
that maximum storage of water will possible and all these structure are carefully affected
by the around of rainfall its intensely , and its topology.
Impact on agriculture production.
Before the implementation of the project farmers took only one season crop in their
field that was properly monsoon base and have to the undulating topology, drought was
also common within 4‐5 year in that village. Therefore farmers were facing the problems in
the village. They were unavailable to take cash crops like cotton, sugarcane and double
season crops in their field.
But after the implementation of the project, rainy water conserved in the water
body like check dam, pond and stored by Nala Plug, boribandh etc. Now this water is
available in the structure throughout the year. Not only nearby farmers but other farmers
also benefited from this water. Farmers make use of irrigation water in their field. They
take cash crops as well as rabi crops in their farms. About 80% farmers use organic manure
(vermicompost) in their field right now. Production of the crops also increased suddenly.
The success of this project easily can be seen on the face of the people.
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Figure:6 Sugarcane farm of Daya Ram Vasava farmer
Farmer Daya Ram vasava, has 4 acre land but used the purchasing food grains
because due to the lack of irrigation, the production of his field was negligible. In many
time if rainfall was not good then we was unable to pay the input cost also. But now he is in
good condition. Now he take sugarcane crop in his field.
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Figure:7 Cotton farm of Bhurji Bhai farmer
In the field of Burji Bhai, before the project implementation he don’t grow cotton
crop in his field. This field was cleaned at rabi season and he take only sorghum in this as
kharif crop. But after the project implementation water was there and he was able to take
cotton crop in his field. Now he is benefited a lot from cotton crop and his livelihood status
also changed after this.
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In these photos we can easily intimate that now not only quantity but qualities of
the products also increase so return per slights, increases high level of return (Product)
able the farmers to choose agriculture work than other.
Some other activities like crop demonstration as well as horticulture demonstration
(marigold) also help the farmers to adopt new technology in their field. In Afforestation
activity maximum those plants are selected which are suitable in that environment as well
as useful for farmers. These trees are able the farmers to provide fuel wood, fodder as well
as side income also like Khakhra. This was helpful to provide side employment to the
villagers. They use its leaves for plate and cup making and bamboo handicrafts. people use
these plants in their farm boundary in sloppy land which were helpful to prevent to soil
erosion in contain limit.
This type of attempts helps to away from monoculture to diversify farming and
maintain the agro‐ecological condition. Not only forest trees but horticulture plants also
distributed to the 112 beneficiaries.
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Floriculture demo also able to provide knowledge to the farmers for cultivating
floriculture plants. Now farmers take marigold nursery in their farms.
Figure:8 Marigold demonstration plot
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Formation of SHG groups and its impact:
There were three Self Help Groups formed in the project area and right now all
groups are in working condition. Selection criteria of SHG members were based on BPL to
APL families. All groups are linked with bank and after 2 years of the group formation,
these groups were able to take loan from bank. Revolving fund of 5000 Rs. was already had
provided to the groups. Now all groups are able to work independently and have
experience how to deal with any institution and deposit and withdrawal the money.
A lot of training programmes are conducted for these groups. These groups had
taken the activities like vermin compost, nursery, catering, vegetable nursery, floriculture
demo plot etc. women are using these activities now also. They earn about 25000‐30000
Rs. per year from these activities.
Detail of SHGs
Name of
SHG
Vanvasi
Khedut
Mandal
Jay
Mataji
Sakhi
Mandal
Shree
Bhatiji
Yuvak
mandal
Jay bhati ji Navsarjan
Mahila Shg
Jay
Ambe
Swashay
jut
Jai
Dasha
ma
Number of
members
12 10 12 10 10 10 10
No. of BPL 10 6 10 9 6 6 8
Name of
Bank
Baroda
Gujarat
Gramin
Bank
Baroda
Gujarat
Gramin
Bank
Bank of
India
SBI Baroda
Gujarat
Gramin Bank
Bank of
India
Bank
of
India
Account
Number
7366 7760 2940 10699172
835
7737 2941 2883
Revolving
fund
5000 5000 5000
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Many other institutions like Decision Support Centre (DSC) with MDT and WDT of
different districts like Rajkot, Bhavnagar, and Jamnagar, Bank managers of different banks
of Bharuch district had come in this village for exposure of different SHG activities and
other watershed activities.
Figure: 9 Marigold plantation prepared by SHG
Figure: 10 Vermi compost activity and Onion nursery prepared by SHG
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Other impacts:
• Increase availability of water and other livelihood activities provided employment
to the farmers and generate income opportunities.
• Migration (permanent as well as seasonal) of the people reduced up to 20% because
people are able to get employment in their village.
• Afforestation and other vegetation activities h as reduced the vulnerability of
drought condition in their area.
The overall impact of watershed projects under the Integrated Watershed
Development Programme has been positive and significant. There has been a marked
improvement in the access to drinking water in the project areas. Crop yields have risen
and there has been a substantial increase in area under cultivation in the Rabi season,
leading to rise in employment and reduction in migration of labour. Availability of fodder
has also improved leading to a rise in the yield of milk. Despite this noticeable
improvement in performance, the experience outlined in this paper raises a number of
important issues which have a bearing on the sustainability of watershed development
when the official programme comes to an end.