Case Studies UNDP: PENAGMANNAK, Philippines

7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: PENAGMANNAK, Philippines

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

PhilippinesPENAGMANNAK

Empowered live

Resilient nation

Empowered live

Resilient nation


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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph Corcoran

Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe

Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,

Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu

DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa

Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude PENAGMANNAK, and in particular the guidance and inputs o Apolinario Cari

Executive Director. All photo credits courtesy o PENAGMANNAK and Apolinario Cario. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook a

Wikipedia.

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. PENAGMANNAK, Philippines. Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858


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PROJECT SUMMARYPederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga Nanalipudug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (PENAGMANNAK) is aederation o 17 peoples organizations sel-help groupsor cooperatives working to conserve biodiversity in theMt. Talinis area o Negro Oriental province. With their rootsin the Mt. Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservationproject (1996-1999), these groups early activities includedcommunal tree-arming and environmental awareness-raising.

Since the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes area gained protected status

in 2000, the groups work has ocused on the developmento an area management plan, which has outlined policiesor the management o the 15,287-hectare area anddelineated land use zones. The role o the ederation hasbeen to improve the management capacity o these groups,and to acilitate the development o sustainable livelihoodsthrough including micro-lending, livestock dispersal, andorganic ertilizer production, among other activities.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2006

FOUNDED: 2001

LOCATION: Negros Oriental Province

BENEFICIARIES: 17 peoples organizations

BIODIVERSIT Y: Mt. Talinis-Twin lakes region

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PENAGMANNAKPhilippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 7

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Policy Impacts 8

Sustainability 9

Replication 9

Partners 9


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he Philippine orests host some o the richest diversity o plant

nd animal species ound on earth, including amphibians, reptiles,

mammals, and resident and migratory bird species. Because o its

igh species endemism, and the severity o threats to their survival,

he Philippines is among the worlds top global biodiversity hotspots.

Mt. Talinis peak in Negros Oriental province stands at over 1,700

meters above sea level. The mountain range it belongs to, the Cuernos

e Negros, was once a sanctuary or rare ora and auna. Logging

oads now wind their way up the mountainside, carving out veins o

egraded land that tell the story o how deeply the logging industry

as shaped the landscape and the local economy. Deorestation was

ampant in the region until 1981, when logging companies wereorced to stop their operations. The local population that had been

mployed by the logging companies returned to arming activities

hat had previously sustained the economy.

A lack o viable livelihood options and low land productivity, however,

ed many armers to turn to illegal logging, a problem that persisted

n the region or the next decade. Farmers were singularly dependent

n the sale o arm products root crops, vegetables, ruits, corn,

baca, coee, cacao, owers, peanuts and cotton none o which

were providing very high returns in the market. The transition rom

ogging to arming exacerbated demands or land and pressure on

he orest. Slash-and-burn arming, poaching (or both consumption

nd sale), and the unsustainable harvesting o wild plants and non-mber orest products became woeully prevalent.

Initial intervention, 1996-1999

In response to these pressures, the Mt Talinis and Twin L

Biodiversity Conservation project started in 1996 a proge

project o Pederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga Nana

ug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (PENAGMANNAK). The newly-o

group implemented a community-based resource managem

project with our programmatic components: comm

organizing, resource management, livelihoods, and advocac

its ormation stage (1996-1999), the ocus was on the mobiliza

o communities into peoples organizations and promo

biodiversity conservation strategies. Sixteen peoples organiza

(in essence, sel-help groups or cooperatives) were established: in communities o the northeast portions o Mt Talinis, and eig

the barangays o the southeast portion o the same region. T

peoples organizations were provided with training on basic eco

and sustainability principles, community-based natural reso

management strategies, highland agricultural techniques, and a

orestry options. Nurseries and communal tree-arming pro

were among the rst projects undertaken which were commo

all sixteen groups. In 1999, an external evaluation commissio

by the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservation pr

ound signicant changes in local attitudes towards conserva

notable improvements in cooperation between armers, impr

incomes, reduced rates o illegal logging and poaching,

widespread uptake o composting, ecoagriculture, and the plano hedgerows as natural buers.

Background and Context

Too much has been taken from our environment.

It is high time we do our share to give back what has been taken.

Apolinario Cario, Executive Director, PENAGMANNAK


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Creation o the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area, 2000

n November 2000, the Twin Lakes area was proclaimed a national

ark by virtue o Presidential Proclamation No. 414. The area was to

all under the jurisdiction o the Department o Environment and

Natural Resources. Through the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity

Conservation project, the peoples organizations were quick to begin

obbying eorts, including successul provision o a wildlie hunting

rdinance, which banned the hunting o certain threatened speciesnd provided or associated penalties or violators. The groups also

urned their attention to the development o an Area Management

ramework Plan, which would outline policies or the management

the 15,287-hectare area and delineate land use zones, including a

strict protection zone.

Management transer to peoples organizations, 2001-2003

etween 2001 and 2003, the Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity

Conservation project turned its attention to capacity development

or the 16 peoples organizations. The objective was sel-sufciency

or the groups through the creation o eectively autonomous

ederations. Seminars on project management and accountingwere held; the peoples organizations each ormed environmental

rotection teams tasked with monitoring poaching and illegal

ogging; and agroorestry arms were expanded. Additionally, a

iodiversity monitoring and evaluation tool was created in 2003,

with the organizations trained in data collection. The transition

owards a project managed directly by the peoples organizations

was nalized with the creation o two umbrella ederations, one

which was Pederasyon sa Nagkahiusang mga Mag-uuma nga

Nanalipud ug Nagpasig-uli sa Kinaiyahan (hereater, the ederation

r PENAGMANNAK).

Along with its sister organization, the ederation assumed

eneral responsibility or overseeing the activities o the peoplesrganizations and the empowerment o local communities to

manage ecosystems and natural resources in their respective areas.

mportantly, this management duty covered sustainable livelihoods

rogramming, including micro-lending, livestock dispersal, sari-

ari stores (convenience stores, coming rom the Tagalog sari-sari,

meaning variety), copra cultivation and marketing, organic

ertilizer production, duck-raising, broom-making and more. The

many successes and ailures during this period are instructive on

he oten trial-and-error nature o getting sustainable livelihoods

rogramming right. Where livestock development succeeded, micro-

ending ailed due to an inability to eectively enorce collection, or

nstance. Where new markets were established or certain products,

he soap-making market was ound to be saturated. Getting to

uccess was an adaptive process.

oday, PENAGMANNAK is a ederation o 17 peoples organizations.

ts primary objectives are to protect the Mt. Talinis - Twin Lakes

iodiversity Conservation Area and to ll a capacity building gap or

ocal and indigenous communities. The ederation aims to oster a

onservation ethic, while also prioritizing the needs o local armers

o provide or their wellbeing and or sustainable livelihoods.

artnership and the inclusion o a range o stakeholders in resource

lanning and organizational development are central operating

rinciples.

From top: the Twin Lakes, viewed rom Mt Balinsasayao; Lake Kabalin; the

Talinis-Twin lakes region population is home to one o the largest colonies

ying oxes in southeastern Negros, including the Large Flying Fox (Pterop

vampyrus) and the Golden-crowned Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus).


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Key Activities and Innovations

he ederation has three objectives which guide its key activities,amely: the promotion o local biodiversity conservation and

ustainable development initiatives, linking where appropriate with

overnment and other relevant stakeholders; the conservation and

ustainable use o natural resources in the Mt. Talinis and Twin Lakes

rea; and improvement in the standard o living o participating

ommunities through environmentally responsible activities, within

nd beyond the agricultural sector.

Key activities all into the same our categories established by

he Mt Talinis and Twin Lakes Biodiversity Conservation project:

ommunity mobilization, natural resource management, advocacy,

nd livelihoods development.

Mobilizing grassroots support or conservation: Community

mobilization continues to be a priority action area, and the

ederation works through its 17 peoples organizations to expand

he reach and inclusiveness o its programming. The ederation

s a acilitator, working to support and empower communities to

evelop collective action solutions that respond to site-specic

eeds and challenges. A joint project management structure is

hared between the ederation and its sister organization, ensuring

he sharing o lessons learned and best practice on what is working

nd what is not in community organization.

Community-based natural resource management: Natural

esource management activities began with the ormation andoversight o environmental protection teams, but have expanded

o include biodiversity monitoring and evaluation mechanisms

nd the upgrading and expansion o agro-orestry arms. In each

nvironmental protection team, a natural resources ofcer has

been deputized to oversee activities and ensure the two-way ow

o inormation to and rom the peoples organizations. Ongoing

raining is provided to peoples organizations on monitoring and

valuation techniques. This is done to ensure accurate inormation

on the status o ecosystems and natural resources, and to give

ubstance and credibility to advocacy eorts and land use planning.

Model reorestation sites (recently expanded to several impowatersheds) are maintained to serve as project demonstration

and inormation resources or peoples organizations, governm

ofcials and other relevant stakeholders.

Advocacy or changes in local policies: PENAGMANNAK has

eective in its advocacy eorts,and oten joins orces wit

sister organization and other stakeholders or maximum im

Early advocacy eorts ocused on providing inputs into an

Management Framework Plan, to ensure that a commu

perspective, indicative o local realities and challenges, was ree

in the land-use strategy. This proved an exercise in sensitizing o

stakeholders to the conservation and development contribu

o community-based organizations, and the benets o priorittheir interests. The ederation has also led a campaign oppo

government attempts to reduce the size o Lake Balinsasayao Na

Park and conducted a Symposium on Biodiversity Conserva

in the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area. Importantly, the edera

advocates at both provincial and local levels. At provincial leve

ederation successully lobbied or inclusion o community lea

in the Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Protected Area Management Bo

the Negros Oriental Wildlie Conservation Council, and the Ne

Island Integrated Water Resources Management Council. Lobb

at the local level has ocused more specically on accessing n

and technical support.

Livelihood diversication: Lastly, the ederation maintainocus on livelihoods creation and diversication or its mem

organizations. The platorm or securing these activities has

the Mt. Talinis-Twin Lakes Area Management Framework

which incorporates a range o local development plans and aim

harmonize conservation and sustainable livelihoods. In additio

providing training in agro-orestry management techniques,

based diversication, and animal husbandry, the ederation

established a rotating und or small-scale enterprise developm

and complementary workshops in business planning, ecotou

and market supply-chains.


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Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTSThe Mt Talinis-Twin lakes region has remarkably high levels o

biodiversity and species endemism. In 1994, a study conducted by

he Foundation or the Philippine Environment in the area ound 68

herpetoaunal species, 24 mammalian species, and 102 bird species.

Currently, at least 23 o the 180 species in the Twin Lakes region

re globally threatened. Several threatened vertebrate taxa were

lso ound, including the Writhe-billed Hornbill, Visayan Tarictic

Hornbill, Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon, White-throated Jungle

lycatcher, Negros-striped Babbler, Flame-templed Babbler, Visayan

lowerpecker, Philippine Hawk-Eagle, White-winged Cuckoo-

hrike, Blue-naped Parrot, Visayan Warty Pig, Visayan Spotted Deer,nd the Negros Shrew. According to the 2007 IUCN Red List, the

primary threat is logging and associated deorestation. Examples

n the report include the Writhe-billed Hornbill (Aceros waldeni),

hreatened by chronic deorestation; the Visayan Tarictic HornbillPenelopides ponini), threatened by deorestation and hunting; and

he Negrod Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolmba keayi), threatened

by habitat degradationclearance or agriculture, timber and

harcoal burning.

Since 2004, the ederation has overseen a project called BIOM

Biodiversity Monitoring and Evaluation. Under this project, peo

organizations have been trained in the science o gathering

on biodiversity. In the approach, data is gather rom ve trans

Permanent mohon markers are set out 50 meters apart rom

transect. Participants use eld diaries to record observations in

transect. Through this process, populations o threatened sp

are monitored and mapped in the project area. As once exam

the ederation was able to establish that the region contains

o the largest colonies o ying oxes in southeastern Negros.

population includes two species: the Large Flying Fox (Pter

vampyrus) and the Golden-crowned Flying Fox (Acerodon jubat

As a result o ederation advocacy eorts, incidents o il

poaching and hunting have gone down. The ying ox popul

in the area has slowly recovered, along with some o the o

species that were being hunted or poached. The reported loc

extinct Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolumba keayi) has

reintroduced into the area ater having been hunted to extre

low population numbers. Breeding pairs o the bird have

protected in a local acility to restore critical population num

A new species o lizard (Luperosaurus corfeldi) was also discov

in the area recently, a reminder that deorestation and associ

species loss is also eroding lie that is yet to be discovered.

et to right: Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus); Negros Bleeding-heart Pigeon (Gallicolumba keayi); Negros Striped-Babbler (Stachyris nigrorum).


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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

One o the primary income-generating projects o the ederation

has been around tree nurseries and reorestation. Four peoples

organizations have established tree nurseries, which cultivate native

and indigenous tree species. The average annual revenue or each

group has been USD 1,000. Five other individuals have started

amily-based tree nurseries, which also cultivate ruit-bearing trees.

The average annual revenue rom each o these nurseries has beenUSD 500. Patrons o the tree nurseries extend beyond the peoples

organizations, as demand or native tree species is high.

The Calinawan peoples organization has perhaps been the most

uccessul in its livelihoods diversication programming. The group

has created and maintains a 17-hectare banana plantation and

operates two ruit tree businesses, or lanzones and rambutan. They

have also negotiated a twenty-ve year stewardship contract with

he Community Environment and Natural Resources Ofce, securing

heir land or local conservation and natural resource management

planning. The Calinawan model has been shared with other peoples

organizations in the ederation, with our spin-o banana and abaca

plantations and ve spin-o agro-orestry projects. Other peoplesorganizations have ventured into enterprises such as banana chip

making, anthurium production, the buying and selling o dried sh

products, meat retail, and coconut mortgages. In one instance,

wo peoples organizations have been able to cement a partnership

with Nestl. This agreement was made possible because o the

community-based orest management agreement plan the peoples

organization had in place, which was acilitated by the ederation.

The secondary benets o income-generating activities are

noteworthy. As armers now have improved incomes, many

investing in school ees and education or their children. Se

participants also reported purchasing rice cookers, which re

dependence on rewood or cooking. The ederation has also

a platorm or womens empowerment, and in one case a peo

organization has dedicated itsel exclusively to issues conronte

women.

POLICY IMPACTS

Representatives rom the ederation are members o se

environmental councils and management bodies at both

municipal and regional levels. Specically, the ederation

protected area management board member to the Balinsas

Twin Lakes Natural Park, a member o the council and

partner in wildlie conservation to the Negros Oriental Wi

Conservation Council, and a council member to the Negros Is

Integrated Water Resources Management Council. In all r

ederation representatives share technical expertise o on

ground sustainable development work, biodiversity monito

and evaluation ndings, organic arming practices, and salocal knowledge on land-use planning. Through these councils

ederation has inormed action plans which have gone on to bec

municipal and regional ordinances, or example the bannin

genetically-modied organisms on the island o Negros.

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For community-based natural resource management to be successful in the Philippines, ou

government needs to eliminate corruption and develop stronger political will for environment

conservation and sustainable livelihoods activities. Without these two steps, no sustainab

development activities and outcomes will prevail at the grassroots level or at the country level.



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Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYhe Foundation or the Philippine Environment is an essential partner

n the ederations sustainability model. It has committed over the

ong term to provide small grants or community-based projects

hat enhance or strengthen local sustainable natural resource

management and conservation. The Foundation or the Philippine

nvironment has also been an important source o partnerships

connecting the ederation with local unders) and inormation on

apacity building and prole-raising activities. PENAGMANNAK also

elies on many local government units to mainstream policies that

re responsive to community needs.

REPLICATION

he Foundation or the Philippine Environment has been an engine

or replicating the PENAGMANNAK model, which is predicated on

community-based resource management ramework. The model

as been shared and is currently being implemented by more than

0 peoples organizations across the Philippines. PENAGMANNAK

as also been a pioneer o a rainorestation model, used to

eorest degraded or orested land. This model has been replicated

ationwide, and involves a range o partners, business organizations,

oundations, local government units and peoples organizations. The

ederations biodiversity monitoring and evaluation project (BIOME)

as also been replicated in several o the protected areas in thehilippines.

PARTNERS Silliman University: conducted the oundations rst rapid

assessment

The Foundation or the Philippine Environment: is the

supporter o all biodiversity conservation and sustain

development activities

The Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation: i

main supporter o reorestation activities

The Visayas State University: provides technical assistan

the implementation o the rainorestation projects and ha

conservation activities

Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative: prov

technical support in reorestation and established a 10-hec

pilot rainorestation site

Various line agencies in the government support e

through training and technical assistance to livelih

diversication programs and community mobilization

Negros Oriental Wildlie Conservation Council: partner in

provincial government implementing wildlie conserva

initiatives

The Provinces o Negros Oriental and Occidental

The wide membership of our organization spanning two provinces allows us to implement

a range of reforestation activities to mitigate climate change. We created a fifteen-hectare

reforestation demonstration farm to serve as a model for the larger 1,000-hectare developmen

plan, to allow for community learning.



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The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and

necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

2012 by Equator Initiative

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FURTHER REFERENCE

PENAGMANNAK Photo Story (Vimeo) http://vimeo.com/15671941 (English) http://vimeo.com/15672062 (Cebuano)

Presentation on PENAGMANNAK (PowerPoint) www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/community_dor/documents/Pre

tations/Asia/PENAGMANNAKI_Philippines.ppt
http://vimeo.com/15671941http://vimeo.com/15671941http://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348151899.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348164297.pdfhttp://www.equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/com_winners/casestudy/case_1348163999.pdf

Case Studies UNDP: PENAGMANNAK, Philippines

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