Case studies of installation inspections of a demand response program
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Transcript of Case studies of installation inspections of a demand response program
Main Headquarters: 120 Water Street, Suite 350, North Andover, MA 01845 With offices in: NY, ME, TX, CA, OR
www.ers-inc.com
CHALLENGES IN REVIEW AND POST-INSTALLATION INSPECTIONS OF A DEMAND RESPONSE PROGRAM
Prepared and presented by Mark D’Antonio (ERS)
Co-AuthorsChris Smith (NYSERDA)
John Seryak, Gary Epstein (ERS)
Presentation Overview Background NYSERDA Peak Load Reduction Program Overview Process Overview Review and Inspection Challenges Case Studies Lessons Learned
Presentation Overview Background NYSERDA Peak Load Reduction Program Overview Process Overview Review and Inspection Challenges Case Studies Lessons Learned
Background
NYSERDA – New York State Energy and Research Development Authority
Operates the Peak Load Reduction Program• Summer Peak Reduction• Enabling Technologies
Supported by Systems Benefit Charge (SBC) Funding
NYISO - New York Independent Systems Operator Administers Demand Response Programs Incentivizes Actual Curtailments and Demand Response Actions
NYSERDA Consultants – competitively solicited group of contractors that provide Quality Assurance services for NYSERDA’s program (ERS’ region – NYC)
NYSERDA’s Peak Load Reduction ProgramPON 955
Permanent Demand Reduction (PDR) Electric Technologies – Lighting, Chillers, Motors…. Steam Retention (Avoided Electric Load) – Absorption Chillers, Steam Turbine Driveline Chillers
Load Curtailment/Shifting (LC/S) Enabling Controls for Curtailment Load Shifting
Distributed Generation (DG,DR) Distributed Generation Demand Response (Generators)
Interval Meters (IM) PSC Approved - Revenue Grade NYISO Compliant – Shadow Meter
NYSERDA’s Peak Load Reduction Program
PDR LC/S DG IM
Con EdisonService
Territory
Non-Con
EdisonService
Territory
Con EdisonService
Territory
Non-Con
EdisonService
Territory
Con EdisonService
Territory onlyStatewide
$500/kW Electric
$425/kW Steam Ret
$225/kW $200/kW $45/kW$120/kW exist DR$160/kWnew DR
$400/kW DG
$1,500/meterNYISO Compliant
$2,000/meterPSC Approved
1. Contractors will be reimbursed the lesser of 65% of the Eligible Project Costs or the incentive caps set forth in Table 1. The Facility owner/operator must contribute no less than 35% of Eligible Project Costs. Facility cap of $750,000. Contractor cap of $2 Million2. Incentive of $100,000 provided to aggregators who provide greater than 10 MW of verified load curtailment in ConEd territory3.Super Efficient Chillers eligible for additional incentives
Energy Efficiency Technologies Lighting, Motors, HVAC, VFDs,
Industrial Equipment Energy Management System Load
Control Smart Load Control Systems Metering
Systems Direct Load Control Backup Generation Distributed Generation Load Shifting Technologies (Thermal
Storage) Avoided Load (Steam Drivelines/Chillers)
Enabling Technology Options
Process Overview Application
NYSERDA Reviews for Program Requirements (in house) Encumber Funds, Issue PO to Applicant, Assign QA Consultant
Applicant Submits Technical Assessment (TA) to QA Consultant TA documents analytical basis and equipment details for proposed Demand Reduction
QA Consultant Reviews TA Technical Feasibility and Accuracy Recommendation to NYSERDA ( Approval, Modified Approval, Disapprove)
NYSERDA Issues Notice to Proceed (for Approved Projects) Installation Post-Installation Inspection by QA Consultant Final Approval Sent to NYSERDA NYSERDA Processes Incentive
QA Consultant Role General Guidance
Respond to Applicant Questions About the Process Technical Review of TA
Pre - Installation Site Visit (Optional) Screen TA for Completeness Analytical Review – Technical Content, Feasibility, Accuracy, Cost Work with Applicant for Modifications
Approval Recommendation Post-Installation Inspection
Verification of Equipment Actually Installed – qty, make/model, details, photos Operability and Sequence of Operation – demonstrated performance
Final Approval
Example Projects PDR - Lighting
Commercial Retail - T12 to T8 Conversion, Incandescent to CFLs, Delamping. 1,700 kW Peak Load, 26 kW Permanent Reduction, Approved Incentive = $12,250
LC/S – EMS Load Shedding Commercial Retail - HVAC Fan & Pump Control (VFDs) 8 MW Peak Load, 575 kW Load Curtailment, Approved Incentive = $103,500
PDR – Steam Retention Commercial Office Building – Steam Turbine Driveline Replacement 1,424 Peak Load, 649 kW Avoided, Approved Incentive = $308,275
Example Projects - Continued DG – Gas Fired Micro Turbine Refrigerated Food – Three Natural Gas Micro Turbines 1,400 kW Peak Load, 180 kW DG, Approved Incentive = $49,500
DR – Diesel Generator Food Manufacturing – Diesel Back Up/Demand Response Generator 1,300 kW Peak, 259 kW in DR, Approved Incentive = $32, 375
PDR – HVAC Modifications Commercial Office High Rise – Install Premium Efficiency Motors and VFDs on SAF,RAF and CT Fans 8,500 kW Peak, 329 kW in DR, Approved Incentive = $156,275
Challenges General Many Players – Applicant, Building Owner, Building Operator, Contractor (TA developer), CSP, NYISO, ConEd, Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Often Chasing Information Unethical Practices?
• Overly Aggressive Reductions• Unscrupulous Business Practices
Challenges - Continued Analytical
Numerous Technologies – EE, Controls, DG, Generators, Meters Proprietary Information? (Obtaining Performance Data, Custom Spreadsheets - QA Consultant viewed as a competitor that will gain competitive advantage) Inadequate Information in TA’s Lack of Analytical Capabilities of Project Developers
Inspection Access Issues (Inaccessible locations, Inaccessible Equipment, Inaccessible People) Incomplete Projects – “Well it is almost done - perhaps I could get my incentive…..” Unwilling to Demonstrate Operation (ex: transfer Building Load to DR Generators)
Challenges – More Specifically Verifying Large Lighting Projects
Restricted Access – locked rooms Sampling
Establishing Load Profiles Modeling vs. Logs vs. Monitoring VFDs – now for Curtailment only (PON 955)
DR Generators Facility Owner wants NYSERDA $, but often doesn’t understand NYISO – Vendor just wants to sell generator – Need CSP coordination Permitting Documentation can be delayed NYISO Registration Confirmation Verification of Load Transfer (Interval Data)
Distributed Generation Establishing Actual Operational Parameters (Run-time, Loading)
Case Study – 1585 Broadway
• Morgan Stanley
• 42 Floors – 1.4 Million SF
• 8,500 MW Peak Load
• VFDs on Variable Pitch SAF, RAF
• PE Motors and VFDs on CT Fans
• Property Mgt – Applicant
• Technical Contractor – develop TA
• Installation Contractor(s)
• Separate Controls Contractor
• Proprietary Analysis
• Did Not Install PE Motors
• Communications Issues – not all VFDs working (finger pointing)
• Control Algorithms Somewhat Different than Proposed
• Modified “Final” Approval
• 2nd Site Inspection Requested by Applicant After Recalibration
• EMS Trending
• Modified “Final Final” Approval
Case Study – Challenges
Lessons Learned Communicate, Communicate, Communicate
Assume Nothing Explain Everything
Involve All Stakeholders Make Sure all Parties are Clear on Process, Deliverables and Requirements Document Correspondences and Keep All Parties Informed
Program Managers as Mediators Clarifying Program Decisions are Needed Occasionally from NYSERDA Program Managers
Diligent (but respectful) Scrutiny is Required Verification – Did the right stuff get installed? Ethical Practice
Direct Load Control Traditionally Focused on Residential Sector DHW, Pool Pumps, AC
Many New Approaches for C&I Sector Central Control of Multi-Facility Customers
Remote EMS Control of Sites with Pre-programmed curtailment strategies
Programmable, Direct Load Control Thermostats Direct Load Control Switches: AC, Electric Heat, Etc.
21 locations (1 MW)
36 locations (4.4MW)
16 locations (0.8 MW)
Distributed Generation Technologies
Backup Generation Systems Assessment of Load Applicability During Curtailment is Critical Environmental Requirements are Similarly Critical
Diesel Generators Steam Turbine DG MicroTurbine Systems Renewable Technologies
Fuel Cells Photovoltaics
Local Scheduling Controllers Typically Address HVAC and Lighting Many Energy Management Systems have
Demand Control Features Programmed Scheduling Demand Limiting Duty Cycling
Generally, EMS Systems Schedule (Turn Off) Predetermined Groups of Equipment
Challenges or Limitations Demand Control Can Conflict with Control Rules Rules Based Logic Can Limit Certain Demand Control Effectiveness
Central and Focused Energy Management Systems for Demand Control
Systems are Dedicated to Demand Control Do Not Have Standard BAS or EMS
Functionality Continually Monitor Facility kW
Single or Multiple Meters Smart Algorithm Continually Forecasts Average
kW During Specified Period (e.g.: 15 or 30 minute period)
Smart Duty Cycling Routine is Used to Modulate or Turn Off End Use Equipment to Avoid Reaching Threshold kW Levels
Neural Net (AI) - Smart Building Automation System that Progressively Learns Best Operation of Building Systems
Smart Demand Control with kW Forecasting
kW Impacts with Lighting Efficiency Technologies and Occupancy Sensors
Scheduling with Lighting Control Panels Direct Addressable Lighting Systems (DALI,
etc.) Multi-Level and Continuous Dimming
Systems Load Shedding Ballasts
Power Reducing or Current Limiting Devices ???
Demand Control with Lighting Technologies
Load Shifting Thermal Storage Off-Peak Operations for Industrial
Facilities Fuel Switching Technologies
Absorption Chillers Steam Turbine Chillers Engine-Driven Chillers Engine-Driven Compressors
Load Shifting/Fuel Switching Technologies