Case Studies Energy Audit Ir. Totok Sulistiyanto M.eng .Sc 1
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Transcript of Case Studies Energy Audit Ir. Totok Sulistiyanto M.eng .Sc 1
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Energy Conservation(Free Encyclopedia): Efforts to reduce energy consumption through the result of several processes or developments, such as productivity increase or technological progress.
Energy Efficiencygy y(Free Encyclopedia): The goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. It is achieved when energy intensity in a specific product, process or area of production or consumption is reduced without affecting output, consumption or comfort levels. Sometimes called efficient energy use.
Energy Management Energy Management is a technical and management function the remit of whichEnergy Management is a technical and management function the remit of which
is to monitor, record, analyze, critically examine, alter and control energy flows through system so that energy is utilized with maximum efficiency. (Paul O Callaghan, Energy Management)
The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems (Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India) 3
Energy Audit (Free Encyclopedia)An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building, an industry, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output(s).g y g p ( )
Energy Audit (US Agency for International Development)Energy audit is a tool to identify areas where energy can be conserved.
Energy Audit (Guide Book: Energy Audit)The verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action p g gy y yplan to reduce energy consumption.
Audit Energi (PP 70 tahun 2009 tentang Konservasi Energi)Adalah proses evaluasi pemanfaatan energi dan identifikasi peluang penghematan energi serta rekomendasi peningkatan efisiensi pada pengguna energi dan pengguna sumber energi dalam rangka konservasi energi.
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Preliminary Energy AuditPreliminary energy audit is a relatively quick exercise to: Establish energy consumption in the organization Estimate the scope for saving Identify the most likely (and the easiest areas for attention) Identify immediate (especially no-cost/low-cost) improvements/savings Set a reference point Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data
Detailed Energy AuditA comprehensive audit provides a detailed energy project implementation plan for a facility since it evaluates all major energy using systems This type of audita facility, since it evaluates all major energy using systems. This type of audit offers the most accurate estimate of energy savings and cost. It considers the interactive effects of all projects, accounts for the energy use of all major equipment, and includes detailed energy cost saving calculations and project cost.In a comprehensive audit, one of the key elements is the energy balance. This is based on an inventory of energy using systems, assumptions of current operating conditions and calculations of energy use. This estimated use is then compared to utility bill charges. 5
Pemanfaatan energi oleh pengguna sumber energi dan pengguna energi wajib dilakukan secara hemat dan efisien
(Pasal12)
energi wajib dilakukan secara hemat dan efisien. Pengguna sumber energi dan pengguna energi yang
menggunakan sumber energi dan/atau energi lebih besar atau sama dengan 6.000 (enam ribu) setara ton minyak per tahun wajib melakukan konservasi energi melalui manajemen energi.
Manajemen energi dilakukan dengan: menunjuk manajer energi; menyusun program konservasi energi;
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melaksanakan audit energi secara berkala; melaksanakan rekomendasi hasil audit energi; dan melaporkan pelaksanaan konservasi energi setiap tahun
kepada Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/walikota sesuai dengan kewenangannya masing-masing.
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Industrial plantshigh energy intensity
Other sectors:Energy sector
Process IndustryEnergy Analysis
EnergyAudit
Programme
Power Plant Energy Analysis
Specific UtilityEnergy Audit
CH
EMEAir
Audit intensity
Industrialplants
Small Medium Enterprices
Small buildingsservice sector
Large buildingsi t
BuildingAudit
IndustrialEnergyAudit
EnergyInspection Post-
acceptanceEnergy
Audit
Follow-upEnergyAudit
IndustrialEnergy
Analysis
ProgrammeUpdating
withindustrialmodels
THE
VOLU
NTA
RY
AGR
EEM
ENT
SC
Infra-red Audit
HVACAudit
ElectricalAudit
IndustrialEnergyAudit
Building EnergyAudit
Model not subsidised / Commercial Audits Model subsidised / Partnership Program
service sector
Blocks / Apartment / flats / Neighbourhood
Small residential buildings
T
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Freelance energy auditors Energy Audit / Energy Management Consultants Mechanical & Electrical Consultants Equipment manufacturers / suppliers Energy committee in industries Energy audit training centers R h t Research centers Universities Related government officers Others
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Seeking for where the greatest energy Seeking for where the greatest energy consumed goes to
Measuring the energy losses started from the greatest energy consumer
Analyzing the problem bli hi i Establishing a saving strategy
Calculating the saving and payback period
Implementing the strategy 12
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1. Energy Consumption (kWh, Joule)
2 Energy Intensity / Specific Energy Consumption2. Energy Intensity / Specific Energy Consumption
(kWh/Ton Prod), (Ton Steam/Ton Prod), (kWh/m2/bl) (kW/TR), (liter of Oil/Ton Steam), (lumen/watt)
3. Lighting Intensity (lux) for specific activity
4. Power Intensity (watt/m2, pk/m2)
5. Energy Distribution (Energy used and losses). 5. Energy Distribution (Energy used and losses).
6. Efficiency and effectively of equipment
7. Aspects of human comfort and lighting comfort
8. Energy saving potentials (kWh/thn, Rp/thn.)
9. Energy Management Planning13
Inefficient design of utility systemsConfigurations, settings, and/or operation of utility system are inefficientLack of knowledge and lack of discipline of the operators, energy managers to the effect of energy wastageScheduling and maintenance of equipment are not optimalUtilities and its components in industrial processes are working at low efficiencyat low efficiencyDo not follow the basic procedures, control system is not functioning, and/or setting the system does not comply the requirementSensors or control systems are not functioning properly
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IMP 1
TransducersIntegrated Measuring Pods
Light IntensityLight Intensity
Electrical CurrentElectrical Current
IMP 2
IMP n
Electrical LoadElectrical Load
COCO22, O, O22 & CO& CO
HumidityHumidity
TemperatureTemperature
PressurePressure
FlowFlow
Measure Existing ParametersMeasure Existing Parameters Analyze Existing EquipmentAnalyze Existing Equipment
E l t E i ti I t ll tiE l t E i ti I t ll ti Evaluate Existing InstallationEvaluate Existing Installation Study Current Consumption BehaviorStudy Current Consumption Behavior
and Patternand Pattern
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$avingsAchievement:
C t Eff ti Cost Effective Efficiency Optimal Reliability
Searching New TechnologySearching New TechnologyConsideration:
Energy Efficient Reliability Low Investment Cost
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ReducingThe OperationalCosts
ImprovementOf Performance
The Performance of Units
Energy Consumption
Load Characteristic
Energy Consumption
The Performance of Systems
Operating Costs
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Executive Summary Energy Balance Profile of Energy Consumption Specific Energy Consumption Specific Energy ConsumptionIntroductory Background Aims and Goals Scope of Activities MethodologyEvaluation of Thermal Systems Thermal Energy Balance Thermal Energy Consumption
C b i S & Th l A l i Combustion System & Thermal Analysis Heat Integration and Process AnalysisElectrical System Evaluation Electrical Energy Balance Electrical Energy Consumption Demand Factor AnalysisEvaluation of Energy Management Asessemen of Energy Management 21
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Lift = 6.89%121.51 MWh/mo
Lighting = 10.63%187.43 MWh/mo
Others = 18.34%323.5 MWh/mo
Air Cond. System = 64.14%1,131.20 MWh/mo
PLN Supply = 100%1,763.64 MWh/Mo
Essential: 45.51%1,094.48 kW
Essential: 22 64%
Non-Essenttial: 2.46%59.17 kW
Essential: 22.64%416.96 kW
Non-Essential: 24.08%443.60 kW
Essential: 1.24%38.33 kW
Non-Essential: 4.06%124.62 kW
Garden Wing: 5.31% = 162.95 kW
PLN Supply = 100%2,177.16 kW
Tech Bld: 47.97%1,153.65 kW
Main Bld: 47.97%1,153.65 kW
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1 Building Type Office2 Year Built 20054 Gross Floor Area M2 3,0403 Conditioned Floor Area M2 2,736
Reference
5 Average Electricity Bill per Month Rp. 41,026,097Power Capacity Contract / Type kVA 414 / B3
6 Electrical Consumption per Month kWh/Mo 57,907
7 Electrical Energy Intensity of Conditioned Area kWh/y m2 253.98200
0 - 100ASEAN Energy AwardNZEB / EE Showcases
8 Type of LampsVarious capacity
TL, PL-C, HALOGEN, HALOPAR, HCI-T, DOWNLIGHT, T-5
9 Average Light Power Density Level Watt/m2 14.3110.76
4.80 - 12.00ASHRAE 90.1-2007
NZEB / EE Showcases
10 Average Office Plug Load Level Watt/m2 12.67 < 5.00 NZEB / EE Showcases10 P k L d/Off P k L d C t E % 13 23%10 Peak-Load/Off-Peak-Load Cost Expences % 13.23%11 Air Conditioning System (DX System):5 Units
Indoor Unit ( total number: 25) COP 2.56 2.802.96
3.50 - 6.50ASHRAE 90.1-2007
VRV/VRF System
12 Air Conditioning Type : Split Unit EER 08 0913.0017.75
ASHRAE 90.1-2007VRV/VRF System
13 Typical Zone Temperature oC 24 27 25 + 2 SNI14 Typical Zone Relative Humidity % 35 65 60 + 10 SNI
15 Total Cooling Capacity of Central Air Conditioning Ton.Ref 112,49 25
NO TYPE OF LOADS kW %
1 Air Conditioning System 125.43 40.23%
2 Lift 66 21.17%
3 Lighting System 43.5 13.95%
4 Plug Loads 34.67 11.12%
5 Ground Water Pump 24 7.70%
6 Computer 12.55 4.02%
7 Others 5.67 1.82%
Total 311.82 100 % 26
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Measurement of Chipper Motor:6 000 V 203 A cos=0 6356.000 V, 203 A, cos=0,635
Improvement of cos 0.9:kVARc 648,56 kVARc
Energy Saving: Operating Time 2400 hours / year
{(1.629,69) x 2400 - (0,65 x 1.339,6 x 2400)} x Rp. 114,-
= Rp.238,23 Mill,-/yrp , , y Transformer losses 5%, operating time 2400
hours / yr{1-(0,635/0,9)2} x 5% x 1339,6 x 2400 x Rp. 109,-
= Rp. 8,84 Mill,-/yru PLN tariff 1994
1.629,69 kVAR
Daya Resistif (Watt)
1.339,6 kW
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Other plant 1800 kW
G3
G2
G1 2700 kVA472A; 3.3 kV 1000 kVA; 3150 kVA/380 V; 183/1519 A
UTILITY 1- 405 kW/ 0.84
UTILITY 2 - 394 kW/ 0.83
SPINNING - 620 kW/ 0.82
POLYMER 248 kW/ 0 59
460OC
438OC
430OC
G4 Capacitors2 x 500 kVAR
STRETCHING - 415 kW/ 0.81
SOURCE WTR - 26 kW/ 0.80
TURBO REFRIG. - 220 kW
POLYMER - 248 kW/ 0.59
403OC
430 C
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Other plant 1800 kW
Recovering of Waste Heat Energy Cost saving Rp.297,230,000,-/y - Pay back period 1.6 years
WHRB
430OCG3
G2
G1 2700 kVA472A; 3.3 kV 1000 kVA; 3150 kVA/380 V; 183/1519 A
UTILITY 1- 405 kW/ 0.84
UTILITY 2 - 394 kW/ 0.83
SPINNING - 620 kW/ 0.82
POLYMER 248 kW/ 0 59
438OC
460OC9 bar1.25 T/h
9 bar1 25 T/h
WHRB
WHRB
430 C
G4 Capacitors2 x 500 kVAR
STRETCHING - 415 kW/ 0.81
SOURCE WTR - 26 kW/ 0.80
TURBO REFRIG. - 220 kW
POLYMER - 248 kW/ 0.59
403OC
Steam line to process
1.25 T/h
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flue gas
steam
Ms (kg/s)P (b )
Mu (kg/s)T (oC)CO2 (%)O2 (%)CO (ppm)
Mu (kg/s)T (oC)CO2 (%)O2 (%)CO (ppm)
Simple cost benefit ratio after implementing ADDMF technology :Boiler capacity 1.6 Ton/hour
BURNER
BOILER
ECONOMIZER
CHIMNEY
fuel in
Mf (kg/s)
Me (kg/s)
P (bar)T (oC)
CO (ppm) CO (ppm)
Boiler performance status 65% (total efficiency)Operating hour 12 - 20 hours/day
Fuel consumption 180,000 litres ADO /year = Rp. 99,000,000,-/yearMaintenance cost (cleaning, overhauling, etc.) Rp. 4,500,000,-/yearChemical component costs(softener, resin, salt, chemical injection compound, etc.) Rp. 2,000,000,-/yearF l t (ADO) i ft d i 1 i l t ti
ADDMF
combustion air
blowdown water feed water feed water
Ma (kg/s)Tdb (oC)Twb (oC)
Mb (kg/s)Tdb (oC)Twb (oC)
( g )T(oC)
Me (kg/s)T(oC)
Fuel cost (ADO) saving after during 1 year implementation,10% x 180.000 litres x Rp. 550,- /litre =Rp. 9,900,000,- /year
Reduction cost for maintenance Rp. 4,000,000,- /yearReduction cost for chemical compounds Rp. 2,000,000,- /year
Total cost saving = Rp. 15,900,000,- /yearThe cost of ADDMF equipment Rp. 18,000,000,- the pay back period of theimplementation of the equipment is about 1.1 year.
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jacket
coolingtower
waterHE
[-44%]40
UNITSWHRB[-83%]
38UNITS
18UNITS
100UNITS
generator[ -90%]
31UNITS
35UNITS
engine[ 35-45%]
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menara pendingin
unit pengolah udara (AHU)
Tic(oC) Tdu(oC)Twu(oC)Mu(kg/s)
Toc(oC)Tds(oC)T ( C) M (k / )
Tdf(oC)Twf(oC)
/
pompa
evaporator
kondensor
motor-kompresorkatup expansi
Wc(kW)Mc(kg/s )
Pc(bar)TC(oC)
Pe(bar)Te(oC)
Pk(bar)Tk(oC)
Two(oC)
Twi(oC)
Tws(oC), Ms(kg/s)
Tdr(oC)Twr(oC)Mr(kg/s)
Mf(kg/s)
Tdm(oC)Twm(oC)RH(%)
Wm(kW)
pompa
evaporator
unit koil kipas(FCU)
Mw(kg/s)Ww(kW)
toto/konser.hfx3232
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Measure , Record & Calculate
179oC
FuelBoiler400kg/hr
APH
5200kg/hr,120oC
Flue gas320oC
stack
Steamprocess
179 C
Condensatereturn
uetank 30oC
30oC
Feed water Tank520 kg.hr
4680kg/hr
10% makeup water
Air
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Perbandingan Konsumsi daya dan masa kembalinya investasiJumlah titik lampu tetap Jumlah titik lampu berubah
No deskripsi Kondisi awal konvensional Electronics konvensional Electronicsballast ballast ballast ballastballast ballast ballast ballast
1 Jumlah titik lampu 9 9 9 6 62 Jumlah lampu/armatur 4 3 3 4 43 Tipe lampu TLD18W/54 TLD18W/84 TLD18W/84 TLD18W/84 TLD18W/844 Tipe ballast konvensional konvensional elektronik konvensional elektronik5 Jumlah ballast 2 2 1 2 16 Total daya (watt) 828 666 504 552 4327 Kuat penerangan (lux) 338 538 538 512 5128 Penghematan daya/thn (kWh) - 801 1562,4 1331,3 1910,19 Penghematan biaya/thn(Rp) - 160.200,00 312.480,00 226.260,00 382.020,00
10 Investasi (Rp)a. Ballast 13.500,00 13.500,00 75.000,00 13.500,00 75.000,00b. Starter + holder 4.500,00 3.500,00 - 4.500,00 -c. Capasitor 7.500,00 7.500,00 - 7.500,00 -d. TLD 12.000,00 18.000,00 18.000,00 24.000,00 24.000,00e. Armatur kosong 110.000,00 100.000,00 100.000,00 120.000,00 120.000,00
11 Investasi per unit (Rp) 147.500,00 142.500,00 193.000,00 169.000,00 219.000,0012 Total investasi (Rp) 1.327.500,00 1.282.500,00 1.737.000,00 1.017.000,00 1.314.000,0013 Tambahan investasi (Rp) - -45.000,00 409.500,00 -310.500,00 -13.500,0013 Masa pengembalian (thn) - murah&hemat 1,3 murah&hemat murah&hemat14 Prioritas pilihan 2 4 1 3
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Sebelum Retrofit Sesudah RetrofitItem Rata2 Maks. Min. Dev.
Std.Keterangan Rata2 Maks. Min. Dev
StdKinerja Chiller PengukuranKinerja Chiller Pengukuran
(08.45 -16.22)(07.29 -15.52)
1. Daya Kompresi (kW) 68.9874.16
77.2480.55
65.4467.94
4.283.07
60.0560.80
64.4664.50
55.4453.01
1.961.96
2. Beban Pendinginan(kW)
159.24176.89
179.58196.04
143.66152.34
11.616.70
243.45230.85
266.97247.82
217.89211.90
8.217.57
3. COP 2.302.39
2.572.75
2.242.17
0.120.19
4.063.80
4.744.39
3.753.46
0.140.15
4. Suhu Udara Ambient(oC)
28.8529.76
31.6133.93
26.3225.85
1.202.08
28.8429.85
31.8732.48
25.5125.85
1.261.43
5. Temp. Input ChilledWater (oC)
15.7916.21
22.4120.25
12.8712.73
1.741.17
17.3017.62
18.4723.49
13.3214.82
1.321.49Water ( C)
6. Temp. Output ChilledWater (oC)
10.4710.33
16.8514.42
7.867.32
1.611.14
9.179.91
10.3516.04
6.007.48
1.091.35
Kinerja Chiller diukurdari Beban AHU
Peng. sesaat10/03/1999
22/03/19991. Beban Pendinginan
(kW)150.30 164.74
2. COP 2.24 2.77
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No Item Unit Jan Feb Maret April
1 Total Kamar kamar 150 150 150 150
2 Kamar Terjual kamar 2410 2160 2805 2715
3 Tingkat Hunian % 77 70 93 96
4 Konsumsi Listrik Perbulan
kWh 381.000 288.000 348.000 306.000
5 Biaya Listrik Rp/Bl 242.328.744 195.679.632 268.366.400 158.652.000
6 Konsumsi/Kmr Terjual
kWh/Kmr 158 133 124 113j
7 Biaya Listrik/Kmr Terjual
Rp/ Kmr 100.551 90.592 95.674 58.435
8 Total Revenue Rp 1.268.000.000 1.165.000.000 1.489.000.000 1.454.000.000
9 % Listrik thd Revenue
% 19 17 18 1136
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No Measures Avg Savings (% of Total Electrical Consumption)
B ELECTRICAL SYSTEM1 Raise Power Factor 5.12 Lower excess transformer capacity 3.3
C LIGHTING1 Lower Lighting Wattage 1.62 Reduce lighting hours 2.8
D ENVELOPE MODIFICATIONS1 Lower window-wall ratio 12.72 Install double glazed windows 2.13 Installation, infiltration, roof absorbtion 0.8
E ELEVATORS1 Eliminate 1-floor elevator trips 0.2
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No Action Average Saving % of Energy Consumption
Boilers
1. Boiler Tune Up 2 3 %o e u e Up 3 %
2. Reduce Operating Pressure 1 5 %
3. Install Preheater 4 7 %
4. Install Economizer 4 7 %
5. Recover Heat from Condensate 3 15 %
6. Minimize Radiation Heat Loss 1 %
7. Select Optimum Steam Pressure 1 %
8. Control Heat Using Instrument 1 %
9. Clean Heating Surface 1 %
Diesel Generators
1. Waste Heat Recovery 5 25 %
2. Fuel Additive 1 3 %
3. Fuel Preheating 1 %
Electrical Power Systems
1. Raise Power Factor 5 6 %
2. Electrical Balance Loads 1 5 %
3. Lower Excess Transformer Capacity 3 3.5%
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No Measures Avg Savings (% of Total Electrical Consumption)
A AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
1 Install VAV controls 12.6
2 Install Heat Exchanger for incoming air 12.0
3 Install high efficiency chillers 9.6
4 Maintain clean AHU filters, cooling coils 7.2
5 Minimize outdoor air intake 6.0
6 Optimize multiple chiller operation 4.9
7 Raise A/C condenser temperature 4.1
8 Replace Over-sized electrical motor 3.8
9 Raise set point to 25.5o C 3.6
10 Relocate offices to lower cooling load 3.0
11 Modify airflow to condenser 2.8
12 Reduce A/C equipment run time 2.3
13 Install variable speed pumps 1.6
14 Install small A/C for separate space 1.3
15 Install high efficiency pumps 1.339
Low cost/no cost investmentMedium cost investmentHigh cost investment
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Luas lantai (ft2)BTU/jam
Tembok tebal Tembok biasa
100125150175200250300
4.5505.1505.7006.2006.5007.5508 300
5.3006.1006.8007.5008.1009.300
10 400300400500
8.3009.70011.000
10.40012.40014.250
1 ft1 ft22 = 0,09290 m= 0,09290 m22 1 BTU = 3142 kWh1 BTU = 3142 kWh 1 BTU/j = 3142 kW1 BTU/j = 3142 kWKoreksi : Koreksi : dinding ke timur = 0,95 dinding ke timur = 0,95 LangitLangit--langit > 3 m = 1,1 Ruang teduh = 0,8langit > 3 m = 1,1 Ruang teduh = 0,8
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Basic Electrical Parameters in AC &DC systems Voltage (V) Current (I)
RPMAir VelocityN i d Vib tiVoltage (V), Current (I), Power factor (cos ), Active
power (kW), Maximum demand (kVA), Reactive power (kVAr), Energy consumption (kWh), Frequency (Hz), Harmonics, etc. Temperature & Heat Flow
Noise and VibrationDust ConcentrationTDSPHMoisture ContentRelative HumidityFlue Gas Analysis CO2, O CO SO NOTemperature & Heat Flow
RadiationAir and Gas FlowLiquid Flow
O2, CO, SOx, NOxCombustion EfficiencySteam trap analyzerInfra-Red Thermography
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1
IR - I0000000.035 189.6 C
1501
2
3
4
24/10/96 1:59:51 PM
-62.4-50
0
50
100
150
0.1
0.6 170.0
-50
0
50
100
150
0.6
0.5
1.6
3.4
9.6
13.2
43.3
21.5
4.8
1.4
0.0
155.0
140.0
125.0
110.0
95.0
80.0
65.0
50.0
35.0
20.0
C:\Document\Totok\PT. Narama Mandiri 2011
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IR - I0000000.018 89.4 C
70
80
70
80
IR - I0000000.029 40.0 C
0.0
0.0 40.0
23/10/96 2:23:29 PM
27.230
40
50
60
70
30
40
50
60
70
24/10/96 10:55:32 AM
15.015
20
25
30
35
400.0
0.0
0.1
4.8
6.2
8.7
10.0
16.2
50.7
3.4
0.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
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EnergyEnergylosses
Energy waste
Useful energy
gyinput
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Buildings Nation Globe
Reduced energy bills Increased
Competitiveness
Reduced energy imports Avoided costs can be used
for poverty reduction
Reduced GWP impacts Reduced GHG and
th i iCompetitiveness Increased productivity Improved quality Increased profits !
for poverty reduction Conservation of limited
resources Improved energy security
other emissions Maintains a sustainable
environment
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Thank YouS
TerimakasihMatur Nuwun
DankeDankeSpasiboSpasibo
XieXie xiexie
Salamat PoShukriya Aabhar
Arigatou Gozaimasu
Prepared by:Prepared by:Totok SulistiyantoTotok Sulistiyanto
XieXie--xiexie
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