Case No. 13-16918

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANGEL FRALEY, et al., Plaintiffs and Appellees,

C.M.D., et al. Intervenor-Plaintiffs-Apellees, JOHN SCHACHTER, et. al,

Objector and Appellant,

v. FACEBOOK, INC.,

Defendant-Appellee.

Consolidated with Nos. 13-16819, 13-16919; 13-16929;13-16936; 13-17028; and13-17097

On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California

No. 3:11-cv-01726 TD The Honorable Richard Seeborg, Judge

BRIEF FOR THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA AS AMICUS CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF

NEITHER PARTY

KAMALA D. HARRIS Attorney General of California EDWARD C. DUMONT Solicitor General ROBERT MORGESTER Senior Assistant Attorney General ADAM MILLER Supervising Deputy Attorney General CRAIG J. KONNOTH Deputy Solicitor General State Bar No. 288602

455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 11000 San Francisco, CA 94102-7004 Phone: (415) 703-1617; Fax: (415) 703-1234 Email: Craig.Konnoth@doj.ca.gov

Attorneys for Amicus State of California

mailto:Craig.Konnoth@doj.ca.gov

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTEREST OF AMICUS STATE OF CALIFORNIA ................................. 1 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ..................................................................... 3 A. California Civil Code 3344 .............................................................. 3

B. Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 ............................. 5

C. Procedural history ................................................................................ 5 ARGUMENT ................................................................................................. 9 I.

COPPA Does Not Preempt State Protections, Such As 3344, That Do Not Conflict With Federal Law............................................. 9

A. COPPA Does Not Preempt Consistent State Regulation ........ 10

B. Any Question Concerning The Scope Of COPPAs Preemption Must Be Resolved In Favor Of The Continued Enforcement Of State Law .................................... 14

II. COPPAs Legislative History Provides No Basis For

Preemption ......................................................................................... 19 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 23 STATEMENT OF RELATED CASES ....................................................... 24

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CASES

Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Inst. v. Energy Res. Conservation & Dev. Commn, 397 F.3d 755 (9th Cir. 2005) ............................................. 9, 10, 14, 15

Am. Bankers Assn v. Gould, 412 F.3d 1081 (9th Cir. 2005) ............................................... 13, 14, 18

Am. Civil Liberties Union v. Mukasey, 534 F.3d 181 (3d Cir. 2008) .............................................................. 21

Beffa v. Bank of the West, 152 F.3d 1174 (9th Cir. 1998) ........................................................... 11

Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting, 131 S. Ct. 1968 (2011)............................................................. 9, 19, 20

Downing v. Abercrombie & Fitch, 265 F.3d 994 (9th Cir. 2001) ......................................................... 3, 15

Fraley v. Facebook, -- F. Supp. 2d --, No. CV 11-01726 RS, 2013 WL 4516819 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 26, 2013).......................................................................... 6, 7

Ishikawa v. Delta Airlines, Inc., 343 F.3d 1129 (9th Cir. 2003) amended in non-relevant part at 350

F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2003) .................................................................... 11

Metrophones Telecomm., Inc. v. Global Crossing Telecomm., Inc., 423 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2005) ................................................. 9, 11, 12

Patriotic Veterans, Inc. v. Indiana, 736 F.3d 1041 (7th Cir. 2013) ........................................................... 18

People v. Blue Cross of California, No. BC492959 (Cal. Super. Ct. Oct. 1, 2012)............................... 2, 17

People v. Bollaert, No. CD252338 (Cal. Super. Ct. Dec. 10, 2013) .................................. 1

ii

People v. Citibank, No. RG13693591 (Cal. Super. Ct. Aug. 29, 2013) ....................... 2, 17

People v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., No. CGC 12-526741 (Cal. Super. Ct. Dec. 6, 2012)..................... 2, 17

People v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, No. RG14711370 (Cal. Super. Ct. Jan. 24, 2014) ......................... 1, 17

Silkwood v. Kerr-Mcgee Corp., 464 U.S. 238 (1984)........................................................................... 11

STATUTES

United States Code

Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, 47 U.S.C. 551(g) ..... 17

Childrens Internet Protection Act of 2000, 47 U.S.C. 254(1)(B) ...................................................................................................... 21

Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998, 15 U.S.C. 6501 et. seq. .......................................................................... 1, 5

15 U.S.C. 6501(a) ........................................................................ 5

15 U.S.C. 6502(a) ........................................................................ 5

15 U.S.C. 6502(b)...................................................................... 12

15 U.S.C. 6502(d).............................................................. 1, 9, 12

Child Online Protection Act of 1998, 47 U.S.C. 231(a)(1)............ 21

Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988, 29 U.S.C. 2009 ...... 17

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 20 U.S.C. 1232g ..... 18

Federal Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq. ... 13

15 U.S.C. 1681t(a)..................................................................... 13

iii

15 U.S.C. 1681t(b)-(c) ............................................................... 13

Gramm Leach Bliley Act, 15 U.S.C. 6807 (b) ............................... 18

Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. 227(f)(1) ............ 17

Video Protection Privacy Act, 18 U.S.C. 2710(f) .......................... 17

Session Laws

Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108159, 117 Stat. 1952 ............................................................... 13

FCRA. Pub L. 91-508, 601, 84 Stat. 1136 (1970) .......................... 13

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, 264(c)(2) (1996) .............................................. 17

Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997, Pub. L. No. 104208, 110 Stat. 3009 ............................................................... 13

State Codes and Session Laws

1971 Cal Stat. 3426............................................................................ 15

1909 N.Y. Laws Chapter 14 .............................................................. 15

1965 Okla. Sess. Laws Chapter 431, 1 ........................................... 15

1984 Tenn. Pub. Acts, Chapter 945, 5 ............................................ 15

1977 Va. Acts, Chapter 617 ............................................................... 15

1977 Wis. Sess. Laws Chapter 176 ................................................... 15

Cal. Civ. Code 1798.29 .................................................................. 17

Cal. Fam. Code 6500 ........................................................................ 4

California Civil Code 3344 ...................................................... passim

Fla. Stat. Ann. 540.08 ..................................................................... 15

Fla. Stat. Chapter 67-57, 1 (1967) .................................................. 15

iv

N.Y. Civ. Rights Law 50 ................................................................ 15

Okla. Stat. Ann. Title 21, 839.1 ...................................................... 15

Tenn. Code Ann. 47-25-1105 ......................................................... 15

Va. Code Ann. 8.01-40 ................................................................... 15

Wis. Stat. 995.50 ............................................................................. 15

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

Cal. Const. Article V, 13........................................................................ 1

Cal. Const. Article I, 1 ......................................................................... 16

COURT RULES

Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e) ................................................................................. 6

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND UNENACTED PROVISIONS

120 Cong. Rec. 39862 (1974) ................................................................. 18

141 Cong. Rec. S5449 (1995) ................................................................. 13

144 Cong. Rec. S12789 .......................................................................... 12

1984 California Statutes Summary Digest 633, Ch. 1704 (SB 613) ........ 4

Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act, S. 2326, 105th Cong. 3(a)(a)(A)(iii) (1998) ...................................................................... 21

Cal. Assemb. Comm. on the Judiciary, Analysis o