Case Investigations in Case Investigations in Human Biology and Human Biology and

Global HealthGlobal Health Marion Field FassMarion Field FassEthel D. StanleyEthel D. Stanley

Julie A. SeiterJulie A. SeiterMargaret A. WatermanMargaret A. Waterman

PedagogyPedagogy

CyberlearningCyberlearning• Data setsData sets• MappingMapping• GraphingGraphing• VideosVideos• Models/simulationsModels/simulations

Civic EngagementCivic Engagement Integrative ThinkingIntegrative Thinking

IntroductionIntroduction

Health and Health and human human rights- rights-

Clean water, Clean water, good food good food and an and an educated educated mother mother

public health;public health; agent host agent host

and and environment,environment,

thinking at thinking at the the population population levellevel

Mothers and babiesMothers and babies Challenge of human Challenge of human

birth: maternal birth: maternal mortality, infant mortality, infant mortality, mortality, complications of complications of birthingbirthing

Graphing, modelingGraphing, modeling Women’s rights play in Women’s rights play in

the access to carethe access to care Child health is related Child health is related

to a healthy mom, to a healthy mom, clean water, safe food, clean water, safe food, feeding practices.feeding practices.

FoodFood

Double burden of Double burden of malnutrition, malnutrition, undernutrition and undernutrition and obesityobesity

Vitamins and Vitamins and minerals, proteins, minerals, proteins, fatsfats

impact of child impact of child nutritional status, nutritional status, dietary choices dietary choices constrained by constrained by poverty, mapping, poverty, mapping, visual learning-visual learning-

The Associated PressFri., June 19, 2009

Mosquito diseasesMosquito diseases

Blood and its Blood and its functions, anemia, functions, anemia,

parasitic disease vs parasitic disease vs viral disease viral disease

Oxygen is the terminal Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor electron acceptor

concept of vectorconcept of vector

Humans in environment, Humans in environment, genetic changes in vector, genetic changes in vector,

pathogen that enable pathogen that enable pathogen to reach new pathogen to reach new “virgin” audiences- “virgin” audiences-

Epidemiology, impact of Epidemiology, impact of climate changeclimate change

HIVHIV

HIV, HIV, immune system, immune system, Biological challenge of Biological challenge of

Prevention, Prevention, biology of treatmentbiology of treatment

Identifying factors that Identifying factors that create conditions for create conditions for spread- with HIV these spread- with HIV these are strikingly social- are strikingly social-

Epidemiology, global Epidemiology, global and US, and US,

new strategies for new strategies for preventionprevention

TuberculosisTuberculosis TB, TB, lung anatomy and lung anatomy and

phys, phys, concepts of infectious concepts of infectious

disease, disease, drugs and drug action, drugs and drug action, begin resistancebegin resistance

Interaction of Interaction of environment, environment, evolution of pathogen,evolution of pathogen,

problems of non-problems of non-compliance with compliance with drugs, drugs,

DOTS (directly DOTS (directly observed therapy), observed therapy),

need for new testsneed for new tests

MRSA and the Rise of Antibiotic MRSA and the Rise of Antibiotic ResistanceResistance

MRSAMRSA Bacterial mutation, Bacterial mutation,

conjugation conjugation Food supply, Food supply, Hospitals Hospitals Humans in larger Humans in larger

environmentsenvironments

Spread of MRSA from Spread of MRSA from hospital to environment hospital to environment now to food sources-now to food sources-

Interaction of Interaction of environment, environment,

evolution of pathogen, evolution of pathogen, problems of non-problems of non-

compliance with drugs, compliance with drugs, antibiotic misuseantibiotic misuse

Disease control and eradicationDisease control and eradication Immunizations- Immunizations-

measles, mumps, measles, mumps, rubella, but what rubella, but what about HPV? about HPV?

What is global picture?What is global picture? Disease erad- must Disease erad- must

do smallpox, maybe do smallpox, maybe polio- maybe polio- maybe eradicatable eradicatable pathogens-pathogens-

The public health part The public health part is strategies for is strategies for disease control- disease control- vaccination vs vaccination vs treatment; treatment;

environmental environmental strategies,strategies,

reduction of pool of reduction of pool of susceptibles (herd susceptibles (herd immunity) andimmunity) and

then loss of fear in then loss of fear in populationspopulations

InfluenzaInfluenza

Mutating virus- Mutating virus- its not just the its not just the

developing worlddeveloping world

Epi, Epi, history, history, mechanisms mechanisms

of control of of control of diseases in diseases in populations, populations,

mapping and mapping and surveillancesurveillance

Heart diseaseHeart disease

Heart physiology, Heart physiology, back to genetics,back to genetics, treatments, treatments, scope of the problemscope of the problem Oxygen is the terminal Oxygen is the terminal

electron acceptorelectron acceptor

Major causes of death Major causes of death in developed worldin developed world

How / when do How / when do developing countries developing countries catch up?catch up?

DiabetesDiabetes

Endocrine systemEndocrine system Mechanisms of insulin Mechanisms of insulin

action, resistance to action, resistance to insulininsulin

Lots of epidemiology, Lots of epidemiology, changes in food and changes in food and

diabetes, diabetes, long term impact of long term impact of

diseases and diseases and burden of Years of burden of Years of

Productive Live Lost Productive Live Lost (YPLL) and DALYs (YPLL) and DALYs (Disability Associated (Disability Associated Life Years)Life Years)

TobaccoTobacco

CANCER (all cancer is CANCER (all cancer is genetic although not all genetic although not all cancer is inherited), cancer is inherited),

heart disease,heart disease, Lung diseases (COPD) Lung diseases (COPD) Interaction of smoking and Interaction of smoking and

environment and second environment and second hand smokehand smoke

just when we thought just when we thought everything was OK the everything was OK the industry guys promoted industry guys promoted tobacco usetobacco use

Long term impacts of Long term impacts of health habits, health habits,

life table analysis, life table analysis, comparisons globally, comparisons globally, role of WHO in this work, role of WHO in this work, industry vs advocates. industry vs advocates. WHO Convention on WHO Convention on

Tobacco, international Tobacco, international collaboration. collaboration.

bill gates and michael bill gates and michael bloomberg think its bloomberg think its importantimportant

Beijing BlueBeijing Blue

Human biology, global Human biology, global health and health and environmental environmental change- change-

the impact of the the impact of the environment on environment on human physiology and human physiology and healthhealth

Measuring on Measuring on particulatesparticulates

it follows from host –it follows from host –agent- environmentagent- environment

Population thinkingPopulation thinking International efforts to International efforts to

mitigate air pollutionmitigate air pollution