8/20/2019 Case Digests for Easement (1, 12, 23)

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1. Cid v. Javier 

(Laureana Cid v. Irene Javier, Manuel Javier, Josefina Javier, Fernando Javier, Jose Javier,

Guillermo Javier, Isidora Javier, Benjamin Javier, and Leonor Crisologo)

Doctrine: An oral prohii!ion is no! suffi"ien!# nor an$ %ri!ing, u! one e&e"u!ed in due form and

solemn formali!ies e"ause easemen!s "ons!i!u!e an en"umran"e on !he servien! o%ner's

righ!s of o%nership.

Facts:

  esponden!s Javiers are o%ners of a uilding s!anding on !heir lo! %i!h %indo%s

overlooing an adja"en! lo! o%ned $ pe!i!ioner Laureana Cid as su""essor*in*in!eres!.

Bo!h lo!s are "overed $ +orrens !i!le.

  +he responden!s "laimed !ha! !he %indo%s overlooing !he adja"en! lo! had a"uired $

pres"rip!ion an enfor"eale easemen! of ligh! and vie% arising from a veral prohii!ion

!o os!ru"! su"h vie% and ligh! %hi"h have een made upon pe!i!ioner Cid's

prede"essor*in*in!eres!.  +C and CA de"lared !ha! responden!s Javiers a"uire su"h easemen!. An$ prohii!ion

made $ !he o%ner of !he dominan! es!a!e, e i! oral or %ri!!en is in suffi"ien! "omplian"e

%i!h !he la%.o CA agreed %i!h +C !ha! -formal a"! "on!empla!ed $ Ar!. /01 of !he old Civil

Code ma$ e ei!her %ri!!en or veral.

Issue: 2he!her or no! !he easemen! has een a"uired3

Held:

•

+he appli"ale provision during 4540 or 4546 %hi"h !he alleged prohii!ion %as made is Ar! /01 of !he 7panish Code (no% i! is found in !he 8CC Ar! 9:4); In order !o a"uire $

pres"rip!ion !he easemen!s referred !o in !he ne&! pre"eding ar!i"le, !he !ime of !he

possession shall e "ompu!ed, ... in nega!ive easemen!s, from !he da$ on %hi"h !he

o%ner of !he dominan! es!a!e has, by a formal act , foridden !he o%ner of !he servien!

es!a!e !o perform an$ a"! %hi"h %ould e la%ful %i!hou! !he easemen!.

• +he la% is e&pli"i!. I! reuires no! an$ form of prohii!ion, u! e&a"!s !he doing no! onl$ of 

a spe"ifi", par!i"ular a"!, u! a F<MAL a"!.o -Formal or per!aining !o form, "hara"!eri=ed $ one due form or order, done in

due form %i!h a solemni!$ regular# rela!ing !o ma!!ers of formo -A"! In "ivil la%, a %ri!ing %hi"h s!a!es in legal form !ha! a !hing has een done,

said or agreed.• -Formal a"! %ould reuire no! merel$ an$ %ri!ing, u! one e&e"u!ed in due form and>or 

%i!h solemni!$. +ha! !his is !he in!endmen! of !he la% al!hough no! e&pressed in e&a"!

language is !he reason for !he clarification  made in Ar!i"le 9:4 of !he ne% Civil Code

%hi"h spe"ifi"all$ reuires !he prohii!ion !o e in ?an ins!rumen! a"no%ledged efore a

no!ar$ puli"?.

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• @asemen!s are in !he na!ure of an en"umran"e on !he servien! es!a!e. +he$ "ons!i!u!e

a limi!a!ion of !he domini"al righ! of !he o%ner of !he suje"!ed proper!$. en"e, !he$ "an

e a"uired onl$ $ !i!le and $ pres"rip!ion, in !he "ase of posi!ive easemen!, onl$ as a

resul! of some sor! of invasion, apparen! and "on!inuous, of !he servien! es!a!e. B$ !he

same !oen, nega!ive easemen!s "an no! e a"uired $ less formal means. en"e, !he

reuiremen! !ha! !he prohii!ion (!he euivalen! of !he a"! of invasion) should e $ ?aformal a"!?, ?an ins!rumen! a"no%ledged efore a no!ar$ puli"

o +he easemen!, if an$, in !he "ase a! ar is a nega!ive easemen!.

• Bo!h lands are "overed $ +orrens !i!le issued in 450. I! does no! appear an$ anno!a!ion

in respe"! !o !he easemen! supposedl$ a"uired $ pres"rip!ion %hi"h %ould have

alread$ ripened $ !he de"rees of regis!ra!ion.

• @ven assuming !ha! su"h easemen! has een a"uired, i! had een e&!inguished $ !he

regis!ra!ion %i!hou! !he easemen! eing anno!a!ed.

• +he easemen! %as no! a"uired. CA de"ision %as reversed.

12. Relova v. Lavarez(uper!o elova v. @lena Lavare=, e! al)

• Doctrine: +he enjo$men! $ pe!i!ioner of an easemen! for !he main!enan"e of an

irriga!ion auedu"! and a dam on !he lands of !he defendan!s for a period of more !han: $ears "onfers !i!le upon !he pe!i!ioner $ pres"rip!ion and urdens !he lands of defendan!s %i!h a servi!ude.

Facts:

• De!i!ioner elova is !he o%ner of a !ra"! of ri"e land %hi"h is "ul!iva!ed %i!h !he aid of 

%a!er rough! from a river !hrough an auedu"! %hi"h passes over !he land of defendan!Lavare=.

• <n !he land of defendan! Lavare=, !here %as a dam %i!h a ga!e used !o "on!rol !he flo%of !he %a!er in !he auedu"!.

• <ne of !he defendan!s des!ro$ed !he dam and le! all !he %a!er es"ape $ !he drainage

di!"h (of !he land of defendan!), so !ha! none flo%ed on !he land of pe!i!ioner elova anddisaled !he la!!er !o raise his "rop.

• +he +rial Cour! found !ha! !he auedu"! had een in use of pe!i!ioner elova for more

!han 0 $ears and !ha! he had an easemen! in !he land of defendan! Lavare= for !hemain!enan"e of !he auedu"! and dam.

o +C; gran!ed an injun"!ion !o res!rain !he defendan! from in!erfering %i!h elova's

righ! !o !he use of !he %a!er in !he auedu"!

• Eefendan! Lavare= "on!ends !ha! !he des!ru"!ion of !he dam and !he "onseuen! failure

of %a!er in !he auedu"! did no! in!erfere %i!h !he "ul!iva!ion of pe!i!ioner's land, and !ha!!here is no e&is!ing easemen! of a servi!ude in defendan!'s land in favor of !he land of pe!i!ioner for !he main!enan"e of !he auedu"! and dam.

o +he ga!e of !he dam %as proven !o e used for !he purpose of "on!rolling !he flo%

of %a!er in !he auedu"! and for preven!ing damage $ !he overflo% !o !helo%lands over%hi"h !he auedu"! runs. I! appears !ha! !he land of pe!i!ioner elova is higher !han !he lands of defendan! Lavare= !herefore nei!her !he damnor !he auedu"! "ould e of an$ enefi! !o !he pe!i!ioner's land.

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Issue: 2he!her or no! !here is an easemen! of servi!ude in favor of !he land of pe!i!ioner elova3

Held:

• es, !here is an easemen!. +he "on!en!ion of defendan!s !ha! nei!her !he dam nor !he

auedu"! is of no enefi! !o !he land of pe!i!ioner is of no meri!.

• +he auedu"! and dam have een in e&is!en"e for more !han 0 $ears, during %hi"h

period !he pe!i!ioner lando%ner elova has al%a$s e&er"ised !he righ! !o reasonale useof !he %a!er in !he auedu"! for irriga!ion purposes.

• I! ma$ e !ha! !he defendan!s had a righ! !o open !he ga!e of !he dam !o preven! a

des!ru"!ive overflo% of %a!er u! !his %ould no! give !hem !he righ! !o s!op !he flo% of %a!er al!oge!her# nor does i! es!alish !ha! pe!i!ioner is no! en!i!led !o !he enefi! of !heuse of !he %a!er, sin"e i! does no! appear !ha! su"h use ne"essaril$ involved des!ru"!iveoverflo%s from !he auedu"! e"ause !he flo% of %a!er %as regula!ed $ !he ga!e of !hedam.

• +he enjo$men! $ pe!i!ioner of an easemen! for !he main!enan"e of an irriga!ion

auedu"! and a dam on !he lands of !he defendan!s for a period of more !han : $ears

"onfers !i!le upon !he pe!i!ioner $ pres"rip!ion and urdens !he lands of defendan!s %i!hservi!ude.

• Ee"ision of !he !rial "our! %as affirmed.

23. Francisco v. Intermediate Appellate Court(@useio Fran"is"o v. IAC, and Cresen"io amos)

Doctrine: An o%ner "anno! $ his o%n a"! isola!e his proper!$ from a puli" high%a$ and !hen"laim an easemen! of %a$ !hrough an adja"en! es!a!e.

Facts:

•

 A lo! (Lo! 19) %as originall$ "o*o%ned $ Cornelia and Fris"a Eila. +he "o*o%nerse&e"u!ed a deed dona!ing an undivided por!ion !o !heir nie"e @pifania and "hildren of !heir sis!er Ana"le!a# !he remaining undivided por!ion is re!ained $ !he "o*o%ners.

• +he ne% "o*o%ners (Cornelia, Fris"a, @pifania and heirs of Ana"le!a) sudivided among

!hemselves por!ions of !he lo! and agreed !o par!i!ion said proper!$.

• +he former "o*o%ners (Corneila and Fris"a) overlooed !he fa"! !ha! $ reason of !he

sudivision, !he lo! (Lo! 19*B) of @pifania in"luded !he en!ire fron!age of %ha! used !oe Lo! 19 along Darada oad and !hus isola!ed from said road !he lo!s of Cornelia andlo! of !he heirs of Ana"le!a.

• Cornelia sold one of her lo!s !o !he @ugenio sis!ers %ho sold !he same !o responden!

Cresen"io amos.

• esponden! amos ased a righ! of %a$ !hrough pe!i!ioner Fran"is"o. 8ego!ia!ions %ere

held e!%een !he !%o u! failed !o "ome up %i!h an agreemen!.• +hrough !he in!er"ession of a Coun"ilor, responden! amos a passage%a$ !hrough !he

lo! of @pifania. e! responden! amos pu! up a !en*foo! high "on"re!e %all on his lo!%hi"h "losed !he righ! of %a$ gran!ed !o him. I! seems he "onsiders Fran"is"o's land !oe more "onvenien! for him. De!i!ioner Fran"is"o pu! up a s!one %all on his lo!.

• esponden! amos filed a %ri! of preliminar$ manda!or$ injun"!ion !o dire"! Fran"is"o !o

remove !he s!one %all and !o eep !he lo! open for !he former's use.

• +rial Cour!; ruled in favor of amos# !he injun"!ion %as gran!ed

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• CA; affirmed +C's de"ision

Issue: 2he!her or no! amos ma$ e gran!ed !he easemen! of righ! of %a$3

Held:

• esponden! amos ma$ no! e gran!ed !he righ! of %a$.

• @asemen! of righ! of %a$ "anno! e o!ained %i!hou! !he presen"e of four reuisi!es; 4)

+ha! !he dominan! es!a!e is surrounded $ o!her immovale and has no adeua!e ou!le!!o a puli" high%a$# :) Af!er pa$men! of proper indemni!$# 0) +ha! !he isola!ion %as no!due !o a"!s of !he proprie!or of !he dominan! s!a!e# and 6) +ha! !he righ! of %a$ "laimedis a! !he poin! leas! prejudi"ial !o !he servien! es!a!e (Ar!i"les 965 and 9/).

• esponden! amos had een gran!ed an adeua!e a""ess !o !he puli" high%a$

(Darada oad) !hrough !he adja"en! es!a!e of @pifania. A! !he !ime amos filed sui!agains! pe!i!ioner Fran"is"o, su"h a""ess "ould no longer e used, i! %as e"ause hehimself (amos) had "losed i! off $ ere"!ing a s!one %all on his lo!.

• +he la% maes i! "lear !ha! an o%ner "anno!, as responden! has done, $ his o%n a"!

isola!e his proper!$ from a puli" high%a$ and !hen "laim an easemen! of %a$ !hrough

an adja"en! es!a!e.• +he !hird reuisi!e !ha! !he "laiman! of a righ! of %a$ has no! himself pro"ured !he

isola!ion of his proper!$ had no! een me!H!he responden! had a"!uall$ rough! aou!!he "on!rar$ "ondi!ion and !here$ vi!ia!ed his "laim !o su"h easemen!.

• eversed !he de"ision of CA.