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BEATRIZ WASSMER vs. FRANCISCO VELEZ

No. L-20089

Decembe 2!" #9!$

FACTS%

  Res&o'(e') F*'c+sco Ve,e *'( &e)+)+o'e Be*)+ W*ssme ee ,oves

 /o se) )/e+ m*+*e 1o Se&). $" #9$. O' Se&). 2" /oeve" F*'c+sco ,e1) 1o

C**3*' (e Oo" ,e*v+' Be*)+ +)/ * 'o)e )/*) /+s mo)/e *s *&&ove( )o )/e

m*+*e. A (*3 be1oe )/e s4&&ose( e((+'" o' Se&). 5" F*'c+sco )e,e*mme(

Be*)+ )/*) 'o)/+' c/*'e( *'( )/*) /e *ss4e( /e o1 /+s e)4' *'( ,ove.

F*'c+sco (+( 'o) *&&e* *1)e *,, 'o o(s ee /e*( 1om /+m **+'6 (es&+)e )/e

1*c) )/*) &e&**)+o's ee *,, m*(e. T/e3 *&&,+e( 1o * m*+*e ,+ce'se o' A4.

25" *'( *s +ss4e( )/eeo16 +'v+)*)+o's ee &+')e( *'( (+s)+b4)e( )o 1+e'(s *'(

e,*)+ves6 (esses *'( o)/e *&&*e, ee *,e*(3 bo4/)6 )/e )o bo4/) *

m*)+mo'+*, be(6 b+(*, s/oes ee +ve' *'( +1)s ece+ve(.

Be*)+ )/e' 1+,e( (*m*es 1o be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3.

ISS7E%

  W/e)/e o 'o) be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3 +s *' *c)+o'*b,e o'.

ELD%

  Mee be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3 +s 'o) *' *c)+o'*b,e o'. B4) )o

1om*,,3 se) * e((+' *'( o )/o4/ *,, )/e &e&**)+o's *'( &4b,+c+)3" *'( )

 *, o4) o1 +) /e' )/e m*)+mo'3 +s *bo4) )o be so,em'+e(" +s :4+)e (+11ee')

+s &*,&*b,3 *'( 4';4s)+1+*b,3 co')*3 )o c4s)oms 1o /+c/ F*'c+sco m4s) be /

*'se*b,e 1o (*m*es +' *cco(*'ce +)/ A). 2# o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e.

7'(e A). 2252 o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e" )/e co'(+)+o's &ece(e') +s )/*) )

(e1e'(*') *c)e( +' * *')o'" 1*4(4,e')" ec,ess" o&&ess+ve o m*,evo,e')m*''e.

W/e' * be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3 +s *c)+o'*b,e 4'(e A)+c,e 2#" m

(*m*es m*3 be **(e( 4'(e A). 22#9 <#0= o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e. E>em&,*3

(*m*es m*3 *,so be **(e( 4'(e A). 2252 o1 )/e Co(e /ee +) +s &ove'

)/e (e1e'(*') c,e*,3 *c)e( +' *')o'" ec,ess *'( o&&ess+ve m*''e.

?e e). *, vs. ?e

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?e e). *,. vs. ?e

@.R. No. L-#59!. 50 M*3 #9!2.

B*4)+s)* A'e,o .%

A&&e*, 1om * (ec+s+o' o1 )/e CFI M,*.

F*c)s% ?,*+')+11s *e &*e')s" bo)/es *'( s+s)es o1 Lo,+)* ?e" *' 4'm*+e( om*'2$ 3e*s o1 *e. De1e'(*')" * m*+e( m*'" 1e:4e'),3 v+s+)e( Lo,+)*s /o4se o' )/e

&e)e>) )/*) /e *')e( /e )o )e*c/ /+m )o &*3 )/e os*3. T/e3 1e,, +' ,ove *'(

co'(4c)e( c,*'(es)+'e )3s)s. W/e' )/e &*e')s ,e*'e( *bo4) )/+s )/e3 &o/+b+)e(

(e1e'(*') 1om o+' )o )/e+ /o4se. T/e *11*+ co')+'4e( ;4s) )/e s*me. O' A&+,

#$" #9 Lo,+)* (+s*&&e*e( 1om /e bo)/es /o4se /ee s/e *s ,+v+'. A 'o)e

+' )/e /*'(+)+' o1 )/e (e1e'(*') *s 1o4'( +'s+(e Lo,+)*s *&**(o T/e &ese')

*c)+o' *s +'s)+)4)e( 4'(e A)+c,e 2# o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e. T/e ,oe co4) (+sm+sse(

)/e *c)+o' *'( &,*+')+11s *&&e*,e(.

Iss4e% WN )/e (e1e'(*') comm+))e( +';43 )o Lo,+)*s 1*m+,3 +' * m*''e co')*3 )o

mo*,s" oo( c4s)oms *'( &4b,+c &o,+c3 *s co')em&,*)e( +' A)+c,e 2# o1 )/e Ne

C+v+, Co(e.

e,(% GT/e c+c4ms)*'ces 4'(e /+c/ (e1e'(*') )+e( )o +' Lo,+)*s *11ec)+o'

c*''o) ,e*( )o *'3 o)/e co'c,4s+o' )/*' )/*) +) *s /e /o" )/4 *' +'e'+o4s

sc/eme o )+ce3" se(4ce( )/e ,*))e )o )/e e>)e') o1 m*+' /e 1*,, +' ,ove +)/

/+m. I'(ee(" 'o o)/e co'c,4s+o' c*' be (*' 1om )/+s c/*+' o1 eve')s )/*' )/*)

(e1e'(*') 'o) o',3 (e,+be*)e,3" b4) )/o4/ * c,eve s)*)e3" s4ccee(e( +' +''+'

)/e *11ec)+o' *'( ,ove o1 Lo,+)* )o )/e e>)e') o1 /*v+' +,,+c+) e,*)+o's +)/ /e. T/e

 o' /e /*s c*4se( /e *'( /e 1*m+,3 +s +'(ee( +mme*s4*b,e co's+(e+' )/e

1*c) )/*) /e +s * m*+e( m*'. Ve+,3" /e /*s comm+))e( *'( +';43 )o Lo,+)*s 1*m+,3

+' * m*''e co')*3 )o mo*,s" oo( c4s)oms *'( &4b,+c &o,+c3 *s co')em&,*)e( +'

A)+c,e 2# o1 )/e Ne C+v+, Co(e.

BAHS vs. CO7RT OF A??EALS

@R No. 955!

Feb4*3 #9" #995

FACTS%

  ?e)+)+o'e @*s/em S/oo*) B*s/ *s *' I*'+*' c+)+e'" e>c/*'e

s)4(e') )*+' * me(+c*, co4se +' D*4&*' C+)3" /o co4)e( &+v*)e es&o'(

M*+,o4 @o'*,es" *'( &om+se( )o m*3 /e. O' )/e co'(+)+o' )/*) )/e3 o4

m*+e(" s/e ec+&oc*)e( /+s ,ove. T/e3 )/e' se) )/e m*+*e *1)e )/e e'(

sc/oo, semes)e. e v+s+)e( M*+,o4s &*e')s )o sec4e )/e+ *&&ov*, o1 m*

I' A44s) #98" /e 1oce( /e )o ,+ve +)/ /+m" /+c/ s/e (+(. oeve" /+s *)o*( /e c/*'e( *1)e * /+,e6 /e o4,( m*,)e*) *'( eve' )/e*)e'e( )o

1om /+c/ s/e s4s)*+'e( +';4+es. 7&o' co'1o')*)+o' +)/ )/e b**'*3 c*&

/e e&4(+*)e( )/e+ m*+*e *eeme')" s*3+' )/*) /e *s *,e*(3 m*+e( )

someo'e ,+v+' +' B*co,o(.

M*+,o4 )/e' 1+,e( 1o (*m*es be1oe )/e RTC. B*s/ (e'+e( )/e

*cc4s*)+o's b4) *sse)e( )/*) /e )o,( /e 'o) )o o )o /+s &,*ce s+'ce /e (+sco

/e s)e*,+' /+s mo'e3 *'( &*ss&o). T/e RTC 4,e( +' 1*vo o1 @o'*,es. T/

*11+me( )/e RTC (ec+s+o'.

ISS7ES%

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W/e)/e o 'o) be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3 +s *' *c)+o'*b,e o'.

W/e)/e o 'o) A). 2# o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e *&&,+es )o )/+s c*se.

W/e)/e o 'o) &*+ (e,+c)o *&&,+es +' ) /+s c*se.

ELD%

  T/e e>+s)+' 4,e +s )/*) * be*c/ o1 &om+se )o m*3 &e se +s 'o) *'

*c)+o'*b,e o'.

  T/+s" 'o)+)/s)*'(+'" A). 2# +s (es+'e( )o e>&*'( )/e co'ce&) o1 )o)s

o :4*s+-(e,+c) +' )/+s ;4+s(+c)+o's b3 *')+' *(e:4*)e ,e*, eme(3 1o )/e 4')o,(

'4mbe o1 mo*, o's /+c/ +s +m&oss+b,e 1o /4m*' 1oes+/) )o s&ec+1+c*,,3

e'4me*)e *'( &4'+s/ +' )/e s)*)4)e boos.

A). 2# (e1+'es :4*s+-(e,+c)%

  W/oeve b3 *c) o om+ss+o' c*4ses (*m*e )o *'o)/e" )/ee be+' 1*4,)

o 'e,+e'ce +s ob,+e( )o &*3 1o )/e (*m*e (o'e. S4c/ 1*4,) o 'e,+e'ce" +1

)/ee +s 'o &e-e>+s)+' co')*c)4*, e,*)+o' be)ee' )/e &*)+es" +s c*,,e( :4*s+-

(e,+c) *'( +s ove'e( b3 )/e <C+v+, Co(e=.

I) +s c,e* )/*) &e)+)+o'e /*bos * co'(esce'(+' +1 'o) s*c*s)+c e*(

1o )/e &+v*)e es&o'(e') o' *cco4') o1 )/e ,*))es +'ob,e b+)/" +'1e+o

e(4c*)+o'*, b*co4'(" &ove)3 *'(" *s &ece+ve( b3 /+m" (+s/o'o*b,eem&,o3me'). Fom )/e be+''+'" obv+o4s,3" /e *s 'o) *) *,, move( b3 oo( 1*+)/

*'( *' /o'es) mo)+ve. T/4s" /+s &o1ess+o' o1 ,ove *'( &om+se )o m*3 e

em&)3 o(s (+ec),3 +')e'(e( )o 1oo," (4&e" e')+ce" be4+,e *'( (ece+ve )/e &

 om*' +')o be,+ev+' )/*) +'(ee(" /e ,ove( /e *'( o4,( *') /e )o be /+s ,

&*)'e. +s *s 'o)/+' b4) &4e ,4s) /+c/ /e *')e( s*)+s1+e( b3 * F+,+&+'*

/o'es),3 be,+eve( )/*) b3 *cce&)+' /+s &o11e o1 ,ove *'( &o&os*, o1 m*+*

s/e o4,( be *b,e )o e';o3 * ,+1e o1 e*se *'( sec4+)3. ?e)+)+o'e c,e*,3 v+o,*)

)/e F+,+&+'o co'ce&) o1 mo*,+)3 *'( so b*e',3 (e1+e( )/e )*(+)+o'*, es&ec)

F+,+&+'os /*ve 1o )/e+ ome'. I) c*' eve' be s*+( )/*) )/e &e)+)+o'e comm+))

s4c/ (e&,o*b,e *c)s +' b,*)*') (+se*( o1 A)+c,e #9 o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e /+c/(+ec)s eve3 &eso' )o *c) +)/ ;4s)+ce" +ve eve3o'e /+s (4e" *'( obseve

/o'es)3 *'( oo( 1*+)/ +' )/e e>ec+se o1 /+s +/) *'( +' )/e &e1om*'ce o1 /

ob,+*)+o's.

No 1oe+'e m4s) be *,,oe( )o m*e * moce3 o1 o4 ,*s" c4s)om

*'( )*(+)+o's.

S/e +s 'o) +' &*+ (e,+c)o +)/ )/e &e)+)+o'e. ?*+ (e,+c)o me*'s +' e

1*4,). A) mos)" +) co4,( be co'ce(e( )/*) s/e +s mee,3 +' (e,+c)o.

E:4+)3 o1)e' +')e1ee( 1o )/e e,+e1 o1 )/e ,ess 4+,)3 o1 )/e &*)+es"

/+s )*'sess+o' /*s bee' bo4/) *bo4) b3 )/e +m&os+)+o' o1 4'(4e +'1,4e'ce

)/e &*)3 o' /om )/e b4(e' o1 )/e o++'*, o' &+'c+&*,,3 es)s" o /ee

co'se') )o )/e )*'s*c)+o' *s +)se,1 &oc4e( b3 1*4(.

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sc* 9

N*)+o'*,+)3 ?+'c+&,e I')e'*, *'( Co'1,+c) R4,e

 

E(*( C/+s)e'se' *s bo' +' Ne Jo b4) /e m+*)e( )o C*,+1o'+* /ee /e

es+(e( 1o * &e+o( o1 9 3e*s. I' #9#5" /e c*me )o )/e ?/+,+&&+'es /ee /e

bec*me * (om+c+,+*3 4')+, /+s (e*)/. I' /+s +,," /e +'s)+)4)e( *' *c'o,e(e(

'*)4*, (*4/)e" M*+* L4c3 C/+s)e'se' <,e+)+m*)e=" *s /+s o',3 /e+" b4) ,e1) *

,e*c3 s4m o1 mo'e3 +' 1*vo o1 e,e' C/+s)e'se' @*c+* <+,,e+)+m*)e=. Co4'se,

1o e,e' c,*+ms )/*) 4'(e A)+c,e #!" &***&/ 2 o1 )/e C+v+, Co(e" C*,+1o'+* ,*

s/o4,( be *&&,+e(6 )/*) 4'(e C*,+1o'+* ,*" )/e m*))e +s e1ee( b*c )o )/e ,*

o1 )/e (om+c+,e. O' )/e o)/e /*'(" co4'se, 1o M*+*" *vee( )/*) )/e '*)+o'*, ,*o1 )/e (ece*se( m4s) *&&,3" +,,e+)+m*)e c/+,(e' 'o) be+' e')+),e( )o *'3)/+'

4'(e C*,+1o'+* ,*.

 

ISS7E% W/e)/e o 'o) )/e '*)+o'*, ,* o1 )/e (ece*se( s/o4,( be *&&,+e( +'

(e)em+'+' )/e s4ccess+o'*, +/)s o1 /+s /e+s.

 

ELD% T/e S4&eme Co4) (ec+(+' )o *') moe s4ccess+o'*, +/)s )o e,e

s*+( +' e11ec) )/*) )/ee *e )o 4,es +' C*,+1o'+* o' )/e m*))e6 )/e +')e'*, ,*

 /+c/ *&&,+es )o C*,+1o'+*'s (om+c+,e( +' C*,+1o'+* *'( )/e co'1,+c) 4,e 1o

C*,+1o'+*'s (om+c+,e( o4)s+(e o1 C*,+1o'+*. C/+s)e'se' be+' (om+c+,e( +' )/

?/+,+&&+'es" )/e ,* o1 /+s (om+c+,e m4s) be 1o,,oe(. T/e c*se *s em*'(e(

)/e ,oe co4) 1o 14)/e &ocee(+'s )/e (e)em+'*)+o' o1 )/e s4ccess+o'*

+/)s 4'(e ?/+,+&&+'e ,* o',3.