CASAGRAS Open Seminar 1 th December 2008, Shanghai The role of RFID within the Internet of Things

CASAGRAS Open Seminar1th December 2008, Shanghai

The role of RFID within the Internet of Things

Eldor Walk, FEIG Electronic GmbH

RFID and the Internet of ThingsI

ntroduction and DefinitionsA

pplicationsR

FID Key Characteristics C

ategories of RFID SystemsS

tandards and RegulationsS

ummary2

Introduction and DefinitionsR

adio Frequency IdentificationRadio frequency or wireless communication used for identification purposes

Internet of Things

refers to a network of real world or real world related objects

RFID connects the real world to the Internet

3

ApplicationsCE RFID,

a project funded by the European Commission, developed the RFID Reference Model

The RFID Reference Model

Designed to structure RFID applications

Differentiates RFID application fields as “mainly object tagging” and “tagging with reference or potential reference to individuals”

Model defines 40 RFID applications (called “subcategories”) summed up to 8 “Application Fields”

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The RFID Reference Model

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RFID Reference ModelRFID-Application Fields Description

A. Logistical Tracking & Tracing • Solely identification and location of goods and returnable assets (e.g. pallets or containers)

B. Production, Monitoring and Maintenance

• Smart systems in combination with RFID-Technology to support production, monitoring, and maintenance of goods and processes

C. Product Safety, Quality and Information

• Applications to insure quality (e.g. sensors to monitor temperature) and product safety (e.g. fight against counterfeiting)

D. Access Control and Tracking & Tracing of Individuals

• Single function tags for identification and authorisation applications for entries and ticketing

E. Loyalty, Membership and Payment

• Smart Card based identification and authorisation systems for multi-functional applications (e.g. loyalty, payment, and banking systems)

F. eHealth Care • Systems for hospital administration and smart systems to support and monitor health status

G. Sport, Leisure and Household • Sports applications, rental systems (e.g. cars or books), smart home

H. Public Services • Systems mandated by law or to fulfill public duties (e.g. ID-Cards, Health Insurance Cards, Road Tolling Systems)

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http://www.rfid-in-action.eu/internal/documents/copy_of_rfid-reference-model/ce-rfid-brochure-reference-model

ApplicationsL

ibrary

Inventory management

Self checkout and return of books and media

Remote check of availability

7

ApplicationsL

ogistics

Tracking and tracing

Inventory management

Automated goods receiving and shipment

8

ApplicationsH

ealth care

Real-time inventory management

Monitoring of equipment

Patient safety

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ApplicationsP

ublic transport

Electronic fare management

Toll collection

Airline baggage tracking

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RFID and the Internet of ThingsIntroduction and DefinitionsApplicationsRFID Key Characteristics Categories of RFID SystemsStandards and RegulationsSummary

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RFID Key Characteristics related to the Internet of Things

Wireless connectionObject-connected data

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Wireless connectionI

nformation exchange by electromagnetic radio linkA

llows mobility of connected objectsB

asically no line of sight is necessary to be connectedM

ultiple simultaneous connections D

ifferent frequency bands, UHF and HF, offer different properties

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14

System Characteristics and Environmental Effects

Communication zones Reflection Penetration Multiple reading

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Basic layout of communication zones

Communication zones

Antenna

Electromagnetic system, e.g. UHF

Inductive system, e.g. 13.56 MHz

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Communication zone

of an UHF system

without reflections

Reflections

Communication zone

with ground reflections

top viewside view

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No necessity of line-of-sight Limited by absorption effects

Penetration

Multiple Reading

Object-connected dataS

imple RFID tags carry only an identification code

More sophisticated tags can carry any kind of digital data and content.

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Object-connected datas

upport the management or processing of any kind of a variety of entitiesRaw materialComponentsSub-assembliesProductsPackagesPalletsContainersAnimals and human beings

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20

Categories of RFID SystemsP

assive RFID tagsA

ctive RFID tagsS

ensor tagsS

ensor nodesC

ombination of RFID and other technologies21

Passive RFID tags

Two main components

Fixed or variable data memory

Radio frontend

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Radio

BasebandEEPROM Data

Memory

Active RFID tags

Additional components

Battery

Processing Unit

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Radio

BasebandMCU

DC-DC converter

Battery

ROM RAM

Sensor tags

Important components

Sensor

A/D converter

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Radio

BasebandEEPROM Data

MemoryA/D converter

Sensor

Sensor nodes

Sensor tag plus a microcontroller

Communication links to other sensor nodes and readers

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Radio

BasebandMCU

DC-DC converter

Battery

ROM RAM

A/D converter

Sensor

Link Layer

Network

OS

Applications

Combination of RFID and other technologies

Mobile RFID applications

Information services

Mobile payment

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Standards and RegulationsC

ategoriesI

mportant IoT related standards and regulations

Challenges

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Categories of Standards and Regulations

RegulationR

egional or national regulations, directives, decisions

StandardsA

ir interface protocolsD

ata standardsN

etwork standards A

pplication standards

Important IoT related StandardsF

requency specifications and air interface protocols

Tag data standards such as identifiers and codes

Network standards (naming, addressing and querying the real world)

ChallengesA

dequate frequency spectrum for passive and active tags, sensor tags and sensor networks

Interoperability between different edge technologies like RFID and barcode

Interoperability between data structure and network standards of different formal and industry standardisation organisations

Suitable security standards and guidelines. Different application areas need a different level of security.

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The role of RFID within the Internet of Things

Enabling technology for the “Internet of Things”

RFID connects the Internet to the real world

RFID makes items “smart” and able to communicate with their environment

RFID is a framework for a wide range of applications

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Eldor [email protected]

Feig Electronic GmbHwww.feig.de

CASAGRAS Open Seminar 1 th December 2008, Shanghai The role of RFID within the Internet of Things

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