The History of Cartography, Volume 6: Cartography in the ...
Cartography of research on hate speech discourses ...
Transcript of Cartography of research on hate speech discourses ...
Cartography of research on hate speech discourses (misogyny) in the Spanish
Manosphere (2019-2021)
Prof. Charo LACALLEUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Premises
• The Spanish feminist movement use to lack institutional ties and visibility
• Two interrelated events in 2018 changed the Spanish feminism movement history:
• The 8th March 2018 women’s strike• The court sentence -in April 2018- to “La
Manada” [The Wolfpack]
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Social impact
“La Manada” case gave such visibility to the Spanish feminist movement to the extend of positioning itself as a political subject (Calvo, Díez Garrido & Bandera López, 2020).
• The massive social response led the youngest generations to disconnect feminism from its institutional side, identifying it as a political movement and as organised activism (Larrondo, Morales Gras & Obegozo Terradillos, 2019).
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Political impact• The strike and “La Manada”’s case lead the
centre-right and right parties to reframe their gender discourses (Campillo, 2019)• President Pedro Sánchez• Appointed a majority female cabinet • Created Ministry of Equality • Carried out a bunch of legislative measures
related to paternity leave, childhood education, etc.• Allocated a budget for a State Pact against
Gender Violence
• In 2021, a Protocol to combat online hate speech was launched
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Spanish research on online misogyny• The main body of the research focalizes on
social networks, particularly in Twitter• Matamoros Fernández & Farkas, 2019 criticizes
“The lack of platform diversity”
• Why Twitter?• High participation of political and institutional
actors • Massive & quickly dissemination of messages
through retweets and mentions• Greater accessibility of data
“The very nature of Twitter encourages users to have public conversations and share their thoughts with others” (https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/03/online-violence-against-women-chapter-1/)
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#YoNoTeCreo vs #YoSiTeCreo
• Nuñez Puente & Fernández Romero (2019) describe the struggle between online misogyny and feminist activism in Spain to compete for the discursive space on social media
• #YoNoTeCreo hashtag acted “as an example of agentive victimhood […] equating individual demands and collective struggles through visibility, affect and spectacularization”
• This two oppositional hashtags are a leading most of the feminist vs misogynistic confrontations since 2018 (e.g.: #Rocioyonotecreo, 2021)
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Qualitative research
• Identifies and analyzes the most relevant characteristics of the Manosphere misogynistic discourses
• Samples too small to be representatives
• Molpeceres Anáiz & Filardo-Llamas (2020): 200 tweets (strike 8M March 2018, #Huelgafeminista and 100 Wolfpack sentencing, #laManada)
• Calvo, Díez Garrido & Bandera López (2020) 623 tweets from the organizers of 8M 2019 Madrid demonstration (@FeminismosMad)
• Villar-Aguilés & Pecourt Gracia (2021), 295 tweets generated around the 8M 2019 celebrations (#STOPfeminazis)
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Quantitative research (content analysis)
• Increasing size of samples
• Quantitative• Nuñez Puente, D’Antonio Maceiras & Fernández Romero (2019), Twitter (8M,
2017), #8M & #NiUnaMenos, 20.000 tweets• Larrondo, Morales Gras & Obegozo Terradillos (2019), 290,989 tweets
published by 168,014 users of four hastags (#Cuéntalo, #HermanaYoSíTeCreo, #NoEstasSola y #YoSiTeCreo between April 26th and August 30th 2018)• Piñeiro-Otero & Martínez Rolán (2021) one year messages from 50 famous
Spanish women accounts; 511.587 tweets: 302.790 direct interactions and 208.797 mentions from is followers
• Quantitative + qualitative• Gutiérrez Almazor, Pando Canteli & Congosto (2020). 477,792 tweets April 26-
29, 2018, 3 days of concentrated activity by 154,764 users + 255 tweets (#Cuentalo)
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Qualitative research (cultural studies)
• Analysing the accounts of LGBTQ+ (women) influencers
• Araüna, Tortajada, Willem (2019), 31 videos by four Spanish LGBTQ+ influencers (Dulceida, Yellow Mellow, Andy Asadaf, Devermut)• Villacampa Morales, Fedele & Aran-Ramspott (2021) 3 videos x 6 profiles of
Spanish LGBTQ+ influencers Dulceida and Yellow Mellow
• Scope and strategies of antifeminist cyber violence • Crosas Remon & Medina Bravo (2018), comments on the video Why I’m… a
feminist by the American YouTuber Laci Green (2014)
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Qualitative research (semiotic-discursive analysis)
• Bernárdez Rodal, Requejo Rey & Franco (2020) explore hate speech on Instangram, 237 posts from VOX account
• Characteristics of VOX misogyny• Simplistic and Manichean argumentations
• Good/evil axis• Sensationalism of the messages
• “Attacks to manhood and traditions”• Redundancy
Díez-Garrido, Renedo FarpónCano-Orón (2021) evidence the high degree of misinformation in broadcast channels and the unofficial group of Telegram in Vox (2019 campaign)
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VOX leader Santiago Abascal
https://www.eljueves.es/vinetas/15-tipos-usuario-forocoches_1675
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750.000 members
Vict
imism
(Bur
buja
.info
)
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Manosphere’s misogynistic discourses
• Nuñez Puente, D’Antonio Maceiras & Fernández Romero (2019)
• “Lack of discussions or debates”• “Men are also abused by women”
• “Larrondo, Morales Gras & Obegozo Terradillos (2019)
• “Feminism is an oppressive movement against men” • “The ideological left behind feminisms makes a biased movement” • “The arbitrary position of feminists on different court cases demonstrates
their prejudice”
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Concludingy remarks• Ambivalence of social networks, where popular
feminism and diversity coexists with extreme misogyny
• Anonymity increases visibility? / Anonymity enhances misogyny?
• The two preferred targets of hateful messages are immigrants and women (Plaza-del Arco, Molina-González, Ureña-López, Martín-Valdivia, 2020)
• Spanish feminism turn• Growing degree of polarization and politization
(Larrondo, Morales Gras & Obegozo Terradillos, 2019)• The backlashers operate a tight community whose
discourses are increasingly aligned with right-wing policies (Gutiérrez Almazor, Pando Canteli & Congosto, 2020; Lacalle, Martín & Etura,2021).
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Grazie della vostra attenzione!!!
Charo LacalleUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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