CARTOGRAPHY in the 21 st century Mike Shand Department of Geography and Geomatics.
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Transcript of CARTOGRAPHY in the 21 st century Mike Shand Department of Geography and Geomatics.
CARTOGRAPHYCARTOGRAPHYin the 21in the 21stst century century
Mike Mike ShandShand
Department of Department of GeographyGeography
and Geomaticsand Geomatics
AbstractAbstractCARTOGRAPHY in the 21st Century
Cartography has seen dramatic technological changes in the past 15 years as the mapping sciences have finally moved into a fully digital environment.
The availability of raster and vector spatial digital data, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and compatible mapping/graphics software has fundamentally changed how cartographers and mapping scientists approach the map production and analysis processes required for the 21st century.
More importantly many academics, students and researchers increasingly rely on the support and skill base of the modern cartographer or GIS technician to access, utilise and keep up-to-date with this dynamically changing technology.
Mike ShandUniversity of Glasgow
Role Change for Role Change for CartographersCartographers
Pre-digital rolePre-digital roleMaps and graphics to final hard copy (paper or film)
Post-digital rolePost-digital roleMaps and graphics to final hard copy
Map production in digital file formats for publishers
File conversion and creation of GIS map data for research & teaching
Production of web mapping and graphics for Internet publication
Digital manipulation of raster spatial imagery
Map skills transfer to academics and students
Desk Top Publishing for departmental publicity and publications
++
• PAPER MAPSPAPER MAPS flat, folded, atlas sheets
• DIGITAL MAPSDIGITAL MAPS graphics & GIS software
• WEB MAPSWEB MAPS static, interactive, animated
Map Media OptionsMap Media Options
(raster or vector)
DIGITAL MAPPINGDIGITAL MAPPINGIS TODAY’S PREFERRED OPTIONIS TODAY’S PREFERRED OPTIONfor map data, production and visualisationfor map data, production and visualisation
UK Academic Map Data ServicesUK Academic Map Data Services
University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh University of Manchester
University of Essex University of Durham King’s College London
Office for National Statistics
Ordnance Survey & DigimapOrdnance Survey & DigimapBartholomew UK Digital Map DataBartholomew UK Digital Map DataLandmap (DEM; Landsat; SPOT)Landmap (DEM; Landsat; SPOT)CASWEB (SAS/LBS census data)CASWEB (SAS/LBS census data)
SABE (NUTS 1,2,3) Europe Map DataSABE (NUTS 1,2,3) Europe Map DataCORINE (Land Use)CORINE (Land Use)
European Environment Agency Data European Environment Agency Data ServiceService
Global Land Cover FacilityGlobal Land Cover FacilityASTER, MODIS Satellite ImageryASTER, MODIS Satellite ImageryDOTS, BOPS, GFS, MEI economic DOTS, BOPS, GFS, MEI economic
statisticsstatistics UNEP (GRID) international dataUNEP (GRID) international dataNational Imagery and Mapping
Agency (NIMA)
Map Data SetsMap Data Sets
What type of Map Data?What type of Map Data?
TOPOGRAPHICTOPOGRAPHIC
POPULATIONPOPULATION
LAND USELAND USE
ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL
GEOPHYSICALGEOPHYSICAL
HISTORICALHISTORICAL
UK Map DataUK Map Data
Ordnance SurveyOrdnance Survey
EDINA DigimapEDINA Digimap
DIGIMAP &DIGIMAP &ORDNANCE SURVEYORDNANCE SURVEY
vector products/formatsvector products/formats• Master Map• Land-line Plus (1:1250 / 1:2500 / 1:10,000, NTFNTF)
• Land-Form PANORAMA Contour (1:50,000, NTFNTF or DXFDXF)
• Land-Form PANORAMA DTM (1:50,000, NTFNTF or DXFDXF)
• Meridian (1:50,000, NTFNTF or DXFDXF)
• Strategi (1:250,000, NTFNTF or DXFDXF)
DXFDXF layer based - NTFNTF code based
DXFDXF creates larger file sizes than NTFNTF
Tools for translating or Tools for translating or useuse
• NTFNTF - GIS translators (ESRI ArcViewArcView, MapInfoMapInfo)• NTFNTF - AutoCAD > DXFDXF/DWG• DXFDXF - CAD or GIS (ESRI ArcView, MapInfo)• DXFDXF, EPS, GIS > Adobe Illustrator Illustrator,
>Macromedia Freehand Freehand • DXFDXF EPS, > CorelDrawCorelDraw• GIF > Paint packages (CorelPaint, PhotoShop)
User experience needed forUser experience needed for
data collecting and disseminatingdata collecting and disseminating
GISGIS(Geographical Information Systems)(Geographical Information Systems)
Software ProductSoftware Product
ESRI – ArcGIS; ArcViewESRI – ArcGIS; ArcView
MapInfo ProfessionalMapInfo Professional
AutoDesk AutoCADAutoDesk AutoCAD
alsoalso MicroStation; LaserScan; MicroStation; LaserScan; SmallWorldSmallWorld
File FormatFile Format
shp; e00shp; e00
mid/mif; tabmid/mif; tab
dxf; dwgdxf; dwg
EPS, DXF or GIS formats EPS, DXF or GIS formats (with MaPublisher)(with MaPublisher) intointo
AdobeAdobe ILLUSTRATOR ILLUSTRATOR oror MacromediaMacromedia FREEHANDFREEHAND
DXF into CorelDrawDXF into CorelDraw
DXF into AutoCADDXF into AutoCAD
MAP DATAMAP DATA SOFTWARSOFTWAREE
PROBLEMSPROBLEMS
AVAILABLEAVAILABLEraster & vectorraster & vector
AVAILABLEAVAILABLEGIS & graphicsGIS & graphics
Data import & exportData import & exportData translationData translation
Data structures & Data structures & topologytopology
Data manipulationData manipulation
LACK of TRAINING and EXPERIENCE ?LACK of TRAINING and EXPERIENCE ?LACK of TRAINING and EXPERIENCE ?LACK of TRAINING and EXPERIENCE ?
Reasons for problems ?Reasons for problems ?
Do cartographers have the Do cartographers have the skillsskills
to support academics and to support academics and studentsstudents
??If yes, are cartographers continuing to If yes, are cartographers continuing to keep up-to-date with technologykeep up-to-date with technology
??
If not, what role does HOD’s play in theIf not, what role does HOD’s play in theCPD needs of support staffCPD needs of support staff
??- and what structures and courses exist- and what structures and courses exist
to supply CPD needs of staffto supply CPD needs of staff??
SUMMARYSUMMARY
CARTOGRAPHYCARTOGRAPHYin the 21in the 21stst century century
Mike Mike ShandShand
Department of Department of GeographyGeography
and Geomaticsand Geomatics