Cartography

CartographyCreating MapsCartographers must: select the objects to be shown evaluate their relative importance find some way to simplify their form. Cartographers are limited by:the purpose of the map its scale the methods to produce it the accuracy of the data.

Map PurposeAesthetics vs. conformality or equivalencePolitical considerations (size vs. importance)

Website to discuss maps, mapmaking or related topics such as GIS, remote sensing and photogrammetry: http://www.cartotalk.com/

Scale

Small ScaleLarge ScaleThe size of a maps smallest discernable unit is itsScaleDensityRegionResolutionProjection

d) Resolution - generally large-scale maps have a great resolution.

Mapping MethodsMapping cycling rides around Toronto 2004 to 2009 using GPS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iC56P-Ro4PY TTC Weekday Movement http://vimeo.com/1865789 Ork Posters http://www.orkposters.com/toronto.html

AggregationInformation to be mapped is shown in a summary form e.g. USA elections

GoreBushMcCainObama2000 Election Results2008 Election Results Presidential elections by county and by stateTypes of MapsReference Maps CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/refmaps.htmlChoropleth Maps (shading, colouring or placement of symbols) Isoline Maps (uses lines)Proportional Symbol MapsDot MapsMental Maps

Choropleth Maps

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/2008003/figures/5200001-eng.htmIsoline Maps

http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/355/Journey_to_Work.jpg IsobarConnect points of equal atmospheric pressure

http://www.earthlyissues.com/images/isobar.gif Proportional Symbol Map

http://personal.frostburg.edu/kebachtel0/square%20map.jpg Dot Maps

Mental Maps

AP exam Free Response Question based on a Cartogram:

Shown above is a special type of graphic used by geographers. 1. Identify the type of graphic by name.2. What qualities does it have that qualify it as a graph?3. What qualities would qualify it as a map?

SourcesUnited Kingdom Department for communities and local government. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/images/Statistical%20Maps%20-%20Best%20Practice%20v5_tcm97-51126.pdf