Cartilage and bone by adnan
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Transcript of Cartilage and bone by adnan
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Skeleton: constructed of two types of connective tissues: bone and cartilage
• support• protection• system of levers• storage of lipids and many minerals (calcium)• site for hematopoesis (red bone marrow -• blood cell production)
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Cartilage (chondro-)
Also called soft Tissue.Present around the bone.Cells:• Chondroblast - actively mitotic cartilage cell• Chondrocyte - mature cartilage cell, in lacunae
Three types of cartilage:• Hyaline• Elastic• Fibrocartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage
• most common type of cartilage (gristle)
• matrix = bluish-white if unstained
• very fine fibers (not visible with light microscope)
• contains lacunae (chambers) with chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells)
• locations: articular surface of bones (ends of bones at movable joints), end of nose, fetal skeleton, trachea, costal cartilage
• functions: support and lubrication
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Elastic Cartilage
• matrix contains numerous, visible elastic fibers (resilience and flexibility)
• densely clustered lacunae with chondrocytes
• locations: ear pinna, epiglottis, Eustachian tube (auditory tube)
• functions: support and give shape
• Colour : yellowish in color
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Fibrocartilage
• collagenous fibers are dominant feature of matrix
• thick compact parallel bundles with wavy appearance
• locations: intervertebral disks, pubic symphasis, knee menisci
• functions: strong compression and tension forces.
• Type of protein present in matrix is chondryomucoprotein.
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Bone (osteo-)
• support• protection• movement• mineral storage• hematopoesis (blood cell formation)• contains vesicles, collagen fibers, protein matrix,
organic and inorganic materials• Cells:
– osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast
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Histology of Bone Tissue
Cells:Osteoblast –it is site for production of mature bone cell
(osteocyte) Osteocyte - mature bone cell, present in lacunaeOsteoclast – related to macrophages, secrete HCl to break
down calcium and phosphorous
• Compact Bone - dense, outer layer, found in diaphysis• Spongy Bone (cancellous bone) - internal, spongy layer,
found in epiphysis
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Microscopic Examination of Compact Bone
• functional unit of compact bone = osteon (Haversian system)
• core of osteon = central canal (Haversian canal)• central canal contains blood vessels to supply bone cells• within osteon = osteocytes (mature bone cells) within
lacunae (chambers)• thin tubes called canaliculi run between lacunae and
nearby capillaries• rings called lamellae
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Compact Bone - 400x magnification.
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Microscopic Examination of Spongy Bone
• honeycomb of small needle-like pieces called trabeculae
• open spaces between trabeculae are filled with red and yellow bone marrow
• each trabecula contains several layers of lamellae and osteocytes in lacunae, but is too small to contain osteons or vessels of its own
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Spongy (Cancellous) Bone
The osteocytes are located within chambers (lacunae) inside the trabeculae. Red bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae. 100x magnification.
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