Carrara, March 2011 Introduction to Small Water Turbine.
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Transcript of Carrara, March 2011 Introduction to Small Water Turbine.
![Page 1: Carrara, March 2011 Introduction to Small Water Turbine.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062222/5697bfab1a28abf838c9b351/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Carrara, March 2011
Introduction to Small Water Turbine
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A simple exampleA small water fall has Q = 2800l/min and a potential ΔH of 7m,
Then the potential energy could be :
From the above data we can also calculate the final water Speed = to 11.7 m/s and the minum area of the pipe 0,039 m2 (it is only a 22cm diameter pipe !)
Δ E = 2800 /1000 /60 *9,8 * 7 = 3,2 Kwh
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How can I collect the water energy ?Water mill, water wheel
Low Power, not reliable old technology, poor efficiency ( <60%) , limited application
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How can I collect the water energy ?
High and medium power, high-end technology, high efficiency, unlimited application
Water Turbine
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Water Turbine
Generally we can divide the WT in 3 main groups
KAPLAN
PELTONFRANCIS
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PELTON FRANCIS KAPLAN
Topology Direct Action CentripetalReaction
Axial Reaction
Flow Rate (m3/s) < 10 Up to 100 < 100
Geodedic H (m) 50<H<1000 10<H< 300 5<H< 50
Power (Kw) Up to 10000 200 - 10000 Up to 10000
Field of use for the different WT
Water Turbine
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Classification : turbine Pelton, Francis, Kaplan
•The Francis and Kaplan turbines have a structure which varies according to ns
•By increasing ns the centripetal structure of the machine decreases •Moving from high flow rates Q and low falls H the structure of the machines becomes axial •Francis turbines cover a large range of use
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Classification : Pelton turbines
The Pelton turbines :• Cover the low ns values
• It is a pure action turbine• It is suitable for high falls H and low flow rates Q
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Classification : Francis turbine
The Francis turbine :•Covers medium values of ns
•It is a turbine with medium reaction degrees•It is suitable for medium fall H and medium flow rates Q
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Classification : Kaplan turbine (with propeller)
The Kaplan turbine :• Covers the range of high ns values
• it is a turbine with high medium reaction degree • It is suitable for low falls H and high flow rates Q
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Francis Turbine
•These turbines are widely used for drops up to around 500 m•The reaction degree and its axial-radial production varies with ns
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Spiral
Impeller
Adjustable vanes
Francis Turbine
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Francis Turbine: Impeller
It is a centripetal impellerThe number of blades varies from 8 to 20 By increasing the number of rotation it can be observed :•A reduction of the number blades•A reduction of radial value •Increase in the distance between the stator and the rotor
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Kaplan Turbine
The reaction degree is rather high (R ~0.7)
The number of blades is between 3 to 7
The blades are generally adjustable
The blades of the impeller can be equipped for the regulation of the fitment (variable step, Kaplan)
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Kaplan Turbine
Kaplan impeller with variable pitch vanes
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Bulb Turbine
These are very frequent for drops under 10 mThe alternator is housed in a «bulb» completely immersed in waterIn such a machine the pipe diffuser is of main importance
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Bulb Turbines are a subset of the Kaplan Turbines
The impeller is «in line» submersed
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MAS SERIES
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MAS SERIES
Delivers energy under ANY CONDITION without compromise
Works with any kind of water :
• industrial recycled water (cooling or process pipes)• waste water (depurators)• saline water (dissalator)• sands water (cleaning process, oil process)
Works in any water condition :• turbulence • From 10% to 150% of the nominal water flow• pressure variation (up to 10 bar)
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MAS SERIES
So that they are suitable for :
•Rivers, torrents•Drain / Irrigation Channels•Collectors •Sea wave or Intermittent Flows •Water Tank Distribution
Working with a MINIMUM HEIGHT of 3m with any flow rate
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MAS SERIES
Environmental friendly
• No lubrication or polluted material is used inside the machine
• Minimum of civil work to install any size of water turbine
• Absolutely silent operation
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MAS SERIES
Are SUBMERSIBLE (IP 68) Made with materials resistant to abrasion and corrosion
• Easy to install, easy to remove• Easy to commissioning • They can be connected «in line» in any piping application• They can be use to reduce the pressure for any the city water
tank without problem of pollution.
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MAS SERIES
Free of Maintenance
• Impeller and Feeder are resistant to corrosion and abrasion• There are no ball bearings• Generators and other electrical parts are waterproof and high
pressure sealed• MTBF > 100.000h (with clear water at rated power)
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0%20%40%60%80%
100%
Efficency Vs Flow
l/min
l/min
MAS SERIES
High efficiency at all the flow rates
• > 30% of power at only 10% of flow
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MAS SERIES
LARGE RANGE OF POWER AND COMBINATION
Power - and physical - Size From 1kW to 250 kW Unlimited Combination – Series/Parallel Booster
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10 x (MAS-3) = 30 Kw
MAS SERIES
Example of Boost Application
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MAS SERIES
Electric and Electronics Components
• PMM or Asynchronous Generators • Inverter Grid tied connection at low tension
with the most of the approvals: EN58432, VDE0126, DK5940
• Possibility to reverse the flux (pump mode) when cleaning the pipe is necessary
• Energy and other major data monitoring• Remote data and alarms transmission
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MAS SERIES
Robust Design:
• Working Temperature : - 20 + 55°C • Max Pressure 10 bar • Works from Vertical to Horizontal Position• H max = 100 m• H min = 3 m• Flow Max = 8m3/s
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MAS SERIES
Application Example: Depurator
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Starting Point
Insertion point of the turbine
MAS SERIES Application Example: Carrione torrent
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MAS SERIES