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History of carpetsAzerbaijan has been since the ancient times known as a center of a largevariety of crafts. The archeological dig on the territory of Azerbaijan testifies to

the well developed agriculture, stock raising, metal working, pottery andceramics, and last but not least carpet-weaving that date as far back as to the2nd millennium BC.

The carpet making was born in rural huts and with time ranked among themost essential arts. It was highly valued by the heads of states, and the giftedweavers were glorified by the greatest poets.

The carpet history is assumed to be divided into the following four main

periods:

I period - the early stage of the carpet development. The carpet ware is verysimple, without any motifs and patterns. The first palas and djedjims appear.

II period - introduction of the kilim weaving practice by the intricate threadingtechnique.

III period - weaving of shadda, verni, sumakh, zili. The period of simple andcomplex whipping techniques.

IV period - introduction of the knotted pile weaving. Both from the technicaland artistic standpoints this stage can be considered the acme of the carpetmaking.

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Carpet-weaving schools

Kuba-Shirvan school

The Kuba carpets are remarkable for a wide variety ofdesigns, which may differ even from village to village. Theornamental pattern is characterized by geometrical and vegetal

motifs, most of them stylized. These include Gyryz, Gymyl,Gonakend, Shahnezerli and other carpets.

The Shirvan school is famous for its superb carpets.The school totals 25 compositions. The Salyan carpets, with

similar artistic and technical features, also belong to this school.The Shirvan carpets are characterized by an intricate design,which depicts numerous artifacts of everyday life, birds andpeople.

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Carpet-weaving schools(contd)Ganja-Kazakh school

The carpets of this school are notable for peculiarityof their compositions and ornamental patterns. TheGanja carpets include a relatively small number ofcarpet compositions, all in all between 8 and 20 patterns.

The Kazakh carpets cover about 16 compositions withvarious patterns. Kazakh, which is located on theNW of Azerbaijan, is the most famous carpet productionregion and also accounts for the Kazakh and Borchalycarpet groups. The Kazakh carpets have a geometricalornamental pattern, the composition is not very complex

with a focus on a schematic presentation of the geometricalpatterns, plants and animals. The ornamental decor of theGanja carpets is rich and diverse, with a focus on geometricalmotifs as well as schematic presentation of plants and animals.

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Baku school

The Baku school of carpet weaving includes the villages of Novkhany, Fatmai, Nardaran,

Bulbulya, Mardakan, Gaadi. These carpets are marked for their increased softness of the

material and intense colors, as well as excellent artistic taste and exquisite decoration.

This school has about 10 compositions. The carpet composition often includes

medallions. They are filled by various motifs, most often by stylized images of plants, which

lost their resemblance to the original object after they had been geometrized.

Karabakh school

The Karabakh carpets amount to 33 compositions. Due to the specifics of the

local sheep wool the Karabakh carpets are characterized by thick pile, high and

fluffy. These carpets are marked for their vivid and joyous colors. They are

divided into four groups: without medallions, with medallions, namazlyk and

subject carpet. In the mountainous part of Karabakh the carpets were made

in Malybeili, Muradkhanly, Dashbulakh, Jebrail, Goradis and many other villages.

Carpet-weaving schools(contd)

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Geographical illustrationof schools