Carlos Mesa

Carlos Mesa LópezServicios Técnicos

1

.The outlook for EU agriculture:Causes, constraints and challenges for

productivity

Sources for growth in agricultural productivity.Research and Development


2

INDEX1.- Events that happened in the past 30 years.

Challenges

2.- R & D to these challenges . Productivity andProfitability.

3.- Recommendations and Conclusions.

4.- Practical Examples


3

1.- Events that happened in thepast 30 years.

� Increased environmental awareness of the Society but no consensus. (Kyoto). Climate Change, water and biodiversity.

� Water crisis.

� Successive failures of the negotiations of the World Trade Organization.(OMC). “The chip in the negotiations is AGRICULTURE”. The obstacles areto be found in other business sectors and non-trade issues.

� Economic and social inequalities far from alleviated in the third worldincreases.

� Exponential Growth of Population.

� Economic growth in emerging countries demanding more food and moreenergy consumption.

� Increased demand and oil prices and gradual depletion of oil reserves andthus causing the so-called Climate Change.


4

1.- Hechos acontecidos en los últimos 30 años..

� Higher cost in agriculture(fertilizer, electricity, oil, etc..) as a result of rising oil. Since 1995 the prices received byfarmers in the EU have fallen by almost 14%.

� The average income of the agricultural sector falls while in the other sectors increases.

� In 2009 and 2010 more than 12,000 farms (Only in Andalusia) have disappeared..Decline in employment, ActivityCONTINUITY IN RURAL AREAS., greater depopulation and threatens the very existence of isolated rural villages.

� For the first time in 2006, the people of the cities surpassed the rural world

� Weight Loss of Agrarian Society and its production.

� Paralysis of the Agricultural Research and Development for its lack of profitability.

� The agricultural sector is not sufficiently appreciated despite their strategic importance.� Ensures the provision of food to consumers Food Safety and Quality� Maintaining the countryside, biodiversity, our landscape and our culture.� We are also essential in the search for alternatives to fossil fuels. Generate biomass.� We are the world's leading source for combating climate change.� Optimize water use and soil preventing desertification and deforestation


5

Food Challenge

0,51,0

1,52,5

6,06,5

9,0

billons

20501650 1800 1900 1950 20002006


6

Mundo: Descubrimientos vs Producción

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050

Año

MM

bbl

s / a

ño

Descubrimientos pasados Descubrimientos futuros Producción

Peak to Today: 41 años

Energy ChallengeDemand

1980

· Demand

Fuente: Exxon Mobil. BP


7

Environmental Challenge .Climate Change

Environmental impacts

CO2 emissions to the atmosphere increased by nearly 25% in 2010 and 60% by 2025

Emerging economies accounted for 68% of the projected increase to 2025

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

Emisiones de dióxido de carbono por combustible

0

10

20

30

40

50

1970 1980 1990 2002 2015 2025

1000

x M

illone

s de

tone

lada

s

Proyección

PetróleoCarbón

Gas Natural

Total

Histórico

Emisiones de dióxido de carbono por regiones

0

10

20

30

40

50

1990 2002 2010 2015 2020 2025

1000

x M

illone

s de

tone

lada

s

Economias Desarrolladas TransiciónEmergentes Total

Fuente: Energy Information Administration


8

ImpactGlobal WarmingClimate Change

Food Crisis

Global Alarm

Governments respondEnvironmental Policies ,Energetics and Food.

And the policies I + D + I?


9

R & D to these challenges .Productivity and Profitability.

Factors that influence agriculturalproductivity.

PlantWaterSoil


10


Plant- Seeds of even shorter cycle and higher productivity. New seeds and

new varieties.- + Drought-resistant- + Resistant to pests- - Need Water- + Resistant to salinity.

But R & D adaptedthe territory


11


Soil- Best tillage techniques for soil type- Techniques to prevent erosion.- Techniques to avoid desertification- Techniques that improve soil structure (organic)



12


Water- Techniques to improve water efficiency- Demand irrigation techniques and efficient .- Techniques produce MORE AND BETTER with less

water.



13

Conclusions andRecommendations

- Public investment in agriculture has gone from more than 15% of public aidto less than 5% in recent years . And the R & D is insignificant . We mustput agriculture in the spotlight of international policy research anddevelopment.

- Strengthen cooperation not only between national research programs, butalso between the various initiatives driven by the different DGs(DGEnvironment , DG Agri, etc..).

- We must improve the coordination of agricultural research . It misses thedissemination and communication specific to their results and lack criticalmass.

- Research could play a greater role if different actors were better integratedin the development of programs . In particular, it is essential to involvefarmers in determining the objectives of the research , in which we mustactively listening the real needs of the farmers themselves, as well asthe promotion of applied research and technology transfer


14

Conclusions andRecommendations

- The European Network for Rural Development andthe European Technology Platforms provide strategicsolutions to share and develop good ideas at Europeanlevel , reliable information and practical experience ,structuring and reinforcing the production and sharing ofknowledge.

- Be investigated to meet the challenges of society andagricultural needs , creating knowledge networks thatmeet the nutritional needs and emerging needs ofclimate and energy.


15

Practical Examples

Proyect LIFE Doñana Sostenible (LIFE00/ENV/E/547); Jul. 2001 – Jun. 2004; budget :789.693€; Design and Management of a model of sustainable land management intree crops in the environment of Doñana National Park.


16

Practical ExamplesProyect LIFE Humedales Sostenibles (LIFE04/ENV/E/269); Oct. 2004 – Sep. 2007;

budget: 1.087.450€; Integrated Agriculture in the environment of Wetlands ofCommunity importance


17

Practical ExamplesProyecto I+DEA (“Research and Development of Ethanol for Automotive ”) Project

Leader: ABENGOA. GREENCEELL; Ref. proyecto “CENIT 2007-1031”; budget: 33,1

M€; The scope of the project I + DEA covers the complete cycle of bioethanol , rawmaterials (energy crops) and enzymes (biotechnology), technologies of

transformation from agricultural products and their use in engines


18

Practical ExamplesProyect OPTIMIZATION OF IRRIGATION WATER USE IN IRRIGATED CROPS USING

NEW TECHNOLOGIES .


19

Practical ExamplesProyect: I+D RECOLECCIÓN MECANIZADA. table olives


20

Thank you very much for your attention

Carlos Mesa: [email protected]

Carlos Mesa

Technology

Transcript of Carlos Mesa